CN1818824A - High-reliable personal computer and operating system thereof - Google Patents

High-reliable personal computer and operating system thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1818824A
CN1818824A CN 200610032672 CN200610032672A CN1818824A CN 1818824 A CN1818824 A CN 1818824A CN 200610032672 CN200610032672 CN 200610032672 CN 200610032672 A CN200610032672 A CN 200610032672A CN 1818824 A CN1818824 A CN 1818824A
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China
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operating system
nonvolatile memory
device drives
upgrading
basic kernel
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CN 200610032672
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Chinese (zh)
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毛国红
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Abstract

A personal computer with high reliability is prepared as storing basic kernel of operation system into nonvolatile storage on master board of computer, storing device driving of card type into nonvolatile storage in card, storing device driving of master board into nonvolatile storage on master board, storing external device driving into external nonvolatile storage, i.e. binding device driving and relative device hardware together to used them as an independent device and setting them on hard disc on viewpoint of application software .

Description

Personal computer that a kind of reliability is high and operating system
Technical field
The invention belongs to computer realm, relate in particular to a kind of personal computer and operating system thereof.
Background technology
Though present personal computer be the PC function from strength to strength, the user operates more and more easily, but many defectives are also arranged: 1, security is not high, be subjected to the invasion of virus and hacker's attack easily, the frequent infective virus of computer that the user uses, safety issue has become the greatest problem of personal computer in using in recent years, so the operating system Vista that the next generation of Microsoft will issue solves as primary problem solving safety issue, from the beta version of their issue, the operating system of new issue is mainly installed authority such as application software and application software and system software is separately solved safety issue by limited subscriber.2, no matter the WINDOWS system still is the LINUX system, all is to use by system software and application software unification are installed on the hard disk, and both influence each other, in case system software destroys, whole computer is paralysis just; 3, system has huge driver in order to support various hardware, installs and takes a lot of trouble, and theoretically, software is big more, and software BUG is many more, such as the frequent releasing software patch of WINDOWS system; 4, because system constantly uses, the fragment of hard disk is many more, causes the speed of computer more and more slower.
We know the desktop computer software systems, constitute by operating system and the application software on it, and operating system is divided into management of process, memory management, Inter-Process Communication, file system, kernel portion and relevant operating system service such as device drives, be referred to as operating system nucleus in this article, generally very big, but be the device drives of the numerous equipment of support style greatly, major part is not all used for a concrete personal computer, if remove device drives, operating system nucleus does not just have much, for LINUX operating system, operating system nucleus is usually in hundreds of K byte, because the key of personal computer reliability is the stability of kernel, as long as guarantee the stable of kernel, operating system just can guarantee stability simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve problem set forth above, the invention provides high personal computer of a kind of reliability and operating system thereof.
The personal computer that a kind of reliability provided by the invention is high and the technical scheme of operating system thereof are: the device drives of operating system is separated from operating system nucleus, be that operating system nucleus is divided into basic kernel portion and device drives part, and be saved in the nonvolatile memory of computing machine diverse location; Specifically, the basic kernel of operating system is saved in the nonvolatile memory of installing on the computer motherboard, device drives is saved in the nonvolatile memory of corresponding device for the driver installation of preservation oneself: the driver of the equipment of computer card form is saved in the nonvolatile memory of installing on this computer card, device drives on the mainboard is saved in the nonvolatile memory of installing on the mainboard, is saved in the nonvolatile memory of this peripheral hardware for the device drives of external unit; And for application software, also be installed on the hard disk by user or system.
Personal computer that described reliability is high and operating system thereof, it is characterized in that: the nonvolatile memory of preserving corresponding software is installed on computer equipment and computer motherboard, when dispatching from the factory, just be solidified with equipment corresponding driving program in the nonvolatile memory of installing on the equipment, and can upgrade later on, promptly device drives and relevant device hardware are tied to together and use as an equipment that independently has drive software; The nonvolatile memory of preserving basic kernel of operating system and mainboard driver is installed on the computer motherboard, the mainboard driver just is cured in the nonvolatile memory when dispatching from the factory, can upgrade later on, and can when dispatching from the factory, just be cured in the nonvolatile memory for the basic kernel of operating system, can also be installed in the nonvolatile memory later.
Described device drives, but use as the kernel module of dynamic load, detect installed device driving on the relevant equipment in operating system, just this device drives is loaded in the system, from system, remove back this device drives of unloading from system at equipment.
The nonvolatile memory of basic kernel of described preservation operating system and device drives can use multiple addressing method visit:
For the nonvolatile memory of preserving basic kernel of operating system and device drives on the computer motherboard, can be installed on the ISA address space of computing machine, can also be installed in the memory device on the computer motherboard, use I/O mode or storer mode to visit them;
For the nonvolatile memory of preserving driver on the isa bus plug-in card, can use I/O mode and storer mode to visit, when using the storer mode, nonvolatile memory should be in the fixed position that card is gone up the isa bus address space, so that can have access to;
For the nonvolatile memory of preserving driver on the pci bus plug-in card, can be in the I/O address space or the memory address space of computer PCI bus, and the address space of nonvolatile memory disposes and describes by the PCI configuration information.
Driver on the computer peripheral equipment is loaded in the system by the communications protocol between peripheral hardware and the computing machine, so its nonvolatile memory of preserving driver need not be mapped to the address space of computing machine.
The nonvolatile memory of basic kernel of described preservation operating system and device drives, its feature also is: be a kind of read-write nonvolatile memory, but for the reliable of system and protection kernel or device drives is not destroyed and invaded and harassed by virus, usually be in read-only protected mode, can open WriteMode in upgrade status by soft switch or hard switching;
For the nonvolatile memory of preserving device drives, because the device drives of an equipment is generally more stable, have cured when dispatching from the factory in the nonvolatile memory of equipment, generally do not need upgrading, but the possibility that upgrading is also arranged, improve as performance, when system is incompatible, therefore during driver upgrade, open WriteMode by hard switching, for the nonvolatile memory of preserving the basic kernel of operating system on the mainboard, because the basic kernel of operating system generally will often upgrade or install, therefore when installing or upgrade, opens basic kernel the WriteMode of nonvolatile memory by soft switch, can certainly open WriteMode by hard switching.
Equipment and device drives that described carrying device drives, because device type is various, for the security consideration of upgrading, should distribute a globally unique equipment class model unitedly for every kind equipment, and be saved in the device drives together with the producer's information of equipment and the version information of device drives, and store in the nonvolatile memory, when device drives is called in internal memory, in internal memory, set up the information of the address space at these information that the corresponding structure recording unit drives and device drives place, and can be saved among the CMOS of computer the convenient detection and the upgrading of device drives later on.
Described PC operating system, have file system, utilize file system to manage the application program and the application data of preserving or being installed to hard disk, and the application program that system uses register-file to come management system to install, after application program is installed, to hard disk, operating system is come the operable application program of register system according to this register-file to its system registry register information afterwards as the recorded and stored of register-file; And being saved in the range of management that device driver in the nonvolatile memory and operating system nucleus program do not belong to file system, file system is inaccessibles, hides them; All do not visit the interface of the nonvolatile memory of preserving oneself in addition for secure device drivers, therefore under operating system, Any Application all can not arrive the nonvolatile memory of preserving kernel by device driver or file system access, therefore further guaranteed the safety of kernel, guaranteed that kernel is not by the application program of malice or virus damage.
The boot sequence of described personal computer is: when computer starting, system bios is after initialization and detection hardware, find the boot of operating system in the nonvolatile memory on computer motherboard, call in the work of internal memory by the basic kernel other parts of boot complete operation system, after the basic kernel of operating system is called in internal memory, system jumps to operating system and carries out, in the os starting process or after starting, operating system also will be responsible for the device driver on the detection system installed device, and they are loaded in the operating system nucleus, according to the application program of preserving on the hard disk register information is installed at last and is come the operable application program of register system.
The present invention also provides a kind of device drives of PC operating system and the installation or the upgrade method of the basic kernel of operating system: the installation of device drives and the basic kernel of operating system or upgrading can be finished by a upgrading installation procedure, this upgrading installation procedure can be cured among the BIOS, can also be as a functional module of operating system, in the launch computer process, the user presses certain button and enters the upgrading installation procedure; The upgrading installation procedure can also be installed in the boot disk, as USB boot disk or soft start dish, directly starts the upgrading installation procedure in USB boot disk or soft start disk startup process; In addition because the basic kernel of operating system is smaller, can use the basic kernel of operating system this upgrading installation procedure to backup on a memory disc or the USB flash disk, when the basic kernel of the operating system in nonvolatile memory is destroyed, utilize upgrading installation procedure recovery system easily.
When using the upgrading installation procedure to carry out the device drives upgrading, the steps include:
At first open the WriteMode of the nonvolatile memory of the driver that preservation will upgrade by hard switching, restart the upgrading installation procedure, select the upgrading driver, and read in upgrade file, the installation procedure of upgrading then begins to seek device drives information in CMOS, if in the CMOS of computer, find and the corresponding to device drives information of upgrade file, then carry out upgrade job, in the CMOS of computer, can not find the corresponding equipment activation bit else if, then carry out the detection of hardware, search and whether be equipped with in the system and the corresponding to device drives of upgrade file, find corresponding to device drives, then carry out the upgrade job of device drives;
When carrying out the basic kernel upgrading of operating system, the steps include:
At first use the soft switch of BIOS or the WriteMode that hard switching is opened the nonvolatile memory of preserving the basic kernel of operating system, restart the upgrading installation procedure, select upgrading or basic kernel program is installed, and read in basic kernel file, then basic kernel file is deposited in the nonvolatile memory on the mainboard of preserving the basic kernel of operating system, restart machine, just finish the upgrading or the installation task of basic kernel;
The upgrading installation procedure also comprises the task of backup and the basic kernel of recovery operation system.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: because the technical program is the basic kernel of operating system, device drives and application program separate storage: basic kernel is saved in the nonvolatile memory of mainboard, device drives is saved in the nonvolatile memory of relevant device, and application program also is saved on the hard disk, and the nonvolatile memory of save routine is in a reading mode usually, therefore guaranteed the robustness of kernel, as long as nonvolatile memory is obliterated data not, kernel just can not destroy, stopped virus fully, also avoided influencing each other of application program and kernel fully, simultaneity factor need not be installed huge driver, therefore significantly reduced the size of system, system is installed easily, BUG reduces, and be not installed in the hard disk owing to kernel in addition, so the fragment of hard disk can not influence the speed of kernel operation yet, therefore this technical scheme has fundamentally guaranteed the stability of system, makes personal computer have stability as the household electrical appliances.
Feature of the present invention and advantage will further be elaborated in conjunction with the accompanying drawings by embodiment.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 represents that personal computer and operating system thereof that a kind of reliability of the present invention is high are divided into a kind of diagram of different module stores to different memory locations to operating system.
Fig. 2 represents to preserve on the computer main board in one embodiment of the present of invention the diagram of the nonvolatile memory address space of living in of basic kernel of operating system and mainboard driver;
Fig. 3 represents in one embodiment of the present of invention the logic diagram of circuit of the nonvolatile memory of saved system BIOS, the basic kernel of operating system and mainboard driver on the computer main board;
[embodiment]
Describe embodiment in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 represents that personal computer and operating system thereof that a kind of reliability of the present invention is high are divided into a kind of diagram of different module stores to different memory locations to operating system.
As shown in the figure: BIOS, the basic kernel of operating system and mainboard drive and are saved in the nonvolatile memory of installing on the mainboard, the driver of the integrated circuit board of installing on the computing machine is saved in the nonvolatile memory of installing on the corresponding integrated circuit board, the driver of computer peripheral equipment is saved in the nonvolatile memory of installing on the peripheral hardware, and the system's register information and the application data of computer application program and application program are saved on the hard disk as file.
Present embodiment uses LINUX operating system as original shape, because its source code is open, based on the GNU plan, therefore can reduce arbitrarily.Present embodiment to LINUX operating system reduce LINUX operating system with device drives all reduce, compile out a not kernel of carrying device driving, it is basic kernel, greatly about three or four hundred K, can be loaded in the nonvolatile memory fully, and but device drives is as the kernel module of dynamic load, stores in the nonvolatile memory on the integrated circuit board at corresponding device place.
Present embodiment increases by two suitably non-volatile FLASH storeies of size on the mainboard of computer, the FLASH storer of a 512K byte is used for storing the kernel of reducing out, the FLASH storer of another 128K byte is used for storing the mainboard driver, and these two FLASH storeies take the ISA address space of 640K byte-sized altogether; This ISA address space can be positioned at the ISA address space of 14M-16M, can also be put into the ISA address space that is lower than 1M to the FLASH storer of the 128K byte of storage mainboard driver, take the ISA address space from 0xE0000 to 0X100000, reuse with the address space of system bios, but can be distinguished by the A20 signal wire, the FLASH storer of the 512K byte of the kernel that another sheet storage is reduced out is put into the ISA address space of 14M-16M; Present embodiment uses the second way, and as shown in Figure 2, BIOS and mainboard drive and be in the ISA address space that is lower than 1M, and the two address is public, and the basic kernel of operating system is in the ISA address space of 14M-16M; Figure 3 shows that saved system BIOS on the mainboard; the logic diagram of circuit of three FLASH storeies of mainboard driving and the basic kernel program of operating system; wherein U2 is the FLASH storer of the basic kernel of storage operating system; be in the ISA address space of 14M-16M; U3 is the non-volatile FLASH storer of storage mainboard driver; U4 is the non-volatile FLASH storer of storage system BIOS; and use A20 and a not gate U1 to be used as U3; the chip selection logic of U4; when A20 does not open; choose U4; when A20 opens; choose U3; therefore the two can public 0xE0000 to the ISA address space of 0X100000; U2; U3; U4 receives on the identical isa bus; the three uses the memory addressing mode to visit; their read signal is public; and write signal is controlled by a soft switch or a hard switching: U2 is subjected to soft switch SW 2 controls with imitating signal; U3 is subjected to a hard switching K1 (wire jumper) control with imitating signal; U4 is subjected to soft switch SW 1 control with imitating signal; they are in read-only protected mode usually, use soft switch or hard switching can make it be in WriteMode when upgrading.
Because computing machine is in real pattern when start, the address that can visit has only 1M, therefore by modernization system BIOS original code from disk or CD pilot operationp system is removed, increase the code of one section pilot operationp system from nonvolatile memory, the major function of this section is certain clear position that the program that the previous section that is placed into the basic kernel of operating system of 14M-16M ISA address space calls SETUP is moved on to 640K before the internal memory, as the 0X10000 place, and jump to this section code and carry out; The SETUP program is after detecting and obtain hardware information and detecting the drive information of installing, the SETUP program switches to protected mode to computer patterns, and open the A20 function, then jump to the other parts that are placed into basic kernel in the high-end FLASH storer of ISA and begin to carry out, the program of SETUP program back in the promptly basic kernel; Because the real map of basic kernel is generally through overcompression, so the gunzip normally of the program after the SETUP program, this gunzip is decompressed to 0X100000 place to the real map of basic kernel and begins execution; In basic kernel start-up course or afterwards, by reading the mainboard driver of 0xE0000 to the ISA address space of 0X100000, finish the initialization of mainboard and drive loading tasks, also to the hardware drive program in the nonvolatile memory on other integrated circuit board of installing in the detected system also be loaded in the system, finish the startup of kernel; Follow the file system of installing according to kernel, read the kernel file system can discern on the hard disk application program and application data, can be for application program by the mount message of application program is saved in certain register-file, and be saved in certain fixing catalogue on the hard disk, root directory as first subregion of hard disk, operating system is come the operable application program of register system according to the mount message in this register-file, thereby finishes the initiating task of total system.
The basic kernel of the operating system of the personal computer of this embodiment and each hardware driving just are cured in the FLASH storer in the time of can dispatching from the factory, but can use a ROMPaq that they are upgraded when needed, the ROMPaq of embodiment is as a module of operating system itself, when starting, if press certain function key, as the F10 key, then enter ROMPaq, this ROMPaq has four functions, 1, upgrading master routine, 2, certain driver of upgrading, 3, back up basic kernel, 4, recover basic kernel.
When the upgrading driver, upgrade step is:
At first open will the upgrade WriteMode hard switching of nonvolatile memory of driver of preservation, and read in upgrade file, in the CMOS of computer information, search then and the corresponding to device drives information of upgrade file, if find then carry out the upgrade job of device drives.
If in the CMOS of computer, can not find device drives information, then carry out the detection of hardware, search and whether be equipped with in the system and the corresponding to device drives of upgrade file, find corresponding to device drives, then carry out the upgrade job of device drives.
This example is by being the globally unique equipment class model of a unification of every class driver distribution, and carry out consistency desired result in conjunction with the producer and the version information of driver, just permit driver upgrade when having only equipment class model and producer's type and the version of driver all consistent.
When the upgrading master routine, upgrade step is:
At first use soft switch SW 2 to open the WriteMode of the nonvolatile memory U2 that preserves the basic kernel of operating system, restart the upgrading installation procedure, select upgrading or basic kernel program is installed, and read in basic kernel file, then basic kernel file is deposited among the nonvolatile memory U2 on the mainboard of preserving the basic kernel of operating system, restart machine, just finish the upgrading or the installation task of basic kernel.

Claims (9)

1. personal computer and operating system thereof that reliability is high, the software of computing machine comprises operating system and application program two parts, and operating system is except comprising management of process, Inter-Process Communication, memory management, file system, also comprise the driving of various device, it is characterized in that: the device drives of operating system is separated from operating system, promptly operating system is divided into part and the device drives part that calls basic kernel, and is saved in the nonvolatile memory of computing machine diverse location; The basic kernel of operating system is saved in the nonvolatile memory of installing on the computer motherboard, device drives is saved in the nonvolatile memory of installing on the corresponding device: the driver of the equipment of computer card form is saved in the nonvolatile memory of installing on this computer card, device drives on the mainboard is saved in the nonvolatile memory of installing on the mainboard, is saved in the nonvolatile memory of this peripheral hardware for the device drives of external unit; And for application program, also be installed on the hard disk.
2. personal computer according to claim 1 and operating system thereof, it is characterized in that: device drives just is cured in the nonvolatile memory of equipment when dispatching from the factory, can upgrade later on, promptly device drives and relevant device hardware are tied to together and use as an equipment that independently has drive software; The basic kernel of operating system can just be cured to when dispatching from the factory in the nonvolatile memory on the computer motherboard, also can install later on again.
3. the operating system of personal computer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: but the device drives of operating system is as the kernel module use of dynamic load, operating system detects installed device driving on the relevant equipment, just this device drives is loaded in the system, removes just this device drives of unloading from system of back at equipment.
4. personal computer according to claim 1 and operating system thereof is characterized in that: the nonvolatile memory of basic kernel of described preservation operating system and device drives can use multiple addressing method visit:
For the nonvolatile memory of preserving basic kernel of operating system and device drives on the computer motherboard, can be installed on the ISA address space of computing machine, can also be installed in the memory device on the computer motherboard, use I/O mode or storer mode to visit them;
For the nonvolatile memory of preserving device drives on the system bus devices, use I/O mode or storer mode to visit them;
Driver on the computer peripheral equipment is loaded in the system by the communications protocol between peripheral hardware and the computing machine, so its nonvolatile memory of preserving driver need not be mapped to the address space of computing machine.
5. personal computer according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: the nonvolatile memory of preserving basic kernel of operating system and device drives is a kind of read-write nonvolatile memory; and be in read-only protected mode usually, can between upgrading or new installation period, open WriteMode by soft switch or hard switching.
6. personal computer according to claim 1 and operating system thereof, it is characterized in that: should distribute a globally unique equipment class model unitedly for every kind equipment that carrying device drives, and be saved in the device drives together with the producer's information of equipment and the version information of device drives, and store in the nonvolatile memory, when device drives is called in internal memory, in internal memory, set up the information of the address space at these information that the corresponding structure recording unit drives and device drives place, and can be saved among the CMOS of computer the convenient detection and the upgrading of device drives later on.
7. according to described personal computer of above claim and operating system thereof, it is characterized in that: utilize file system to manage the application program and the application data of preserving or being installed to hard disk, and the application program that system uses a register-file to come management system to install, after application program is installed, its system registry register information as the recorded and stored of register-file to hard disk; And be saved in the range of management that device driver in the nonvolatile memory and operating system nucleus program do not belong to file system, and because device driver is not visited the interface of the nonvolatile memory of preserving them, therefore under operating system, Any Application all can not arrive the nonvolatile memory of save routine by device driver or file system access.
8. according to described personal computer of above claim and operating system thereof, it is characterized in that: its boot sequence comprises at least:
When computer starting, system bios is after initialization and detection hardware, find the boot of operating system in the nonvolatile memory on computer motherboard, call in the work of internal memory by the basic kernel of boot complete operation system, after the basic kernel of operating system is called in internal memory, system jumps to operating system and carries out, in os starting or after starting, operating system also will be responsible for the device driver on the detection system installed device, and they are loaded in the operating system nucleus, according to the application program of preserving on the hard disk register information is installed at last and is come the operable application program of register system.
9. the installation upgrade method of operating system device drives or basic kernel, it is characterized in that: the installation of operating system device drives and basic kernel or upgrading can be finished by a upgrading installation procedure, this upgrading installation procedure can be cured among the BIOS, can also be as a functional module of operating system, in the launch computer process, the user presses certain button and enters the upgrading installation procedure; The upgrading installation procedure can also be installed in the boot disk, as USB boot disk or soft start dish, directly starts the upgrading installation procedure in USB boot disk or soft start disk startup process;
When using the upgrading installation procedure to carry out the device drives upgrading, the steps include:
At first open the WriteMode of the nonvolatile memory of the driver that preservation will upgrade by hard switching, restart the upgrading installation procedure, select the upgrading driver, and read in upgrade file, whether the installation procedure of upgrading then begins to be equipped with in the system of searching and the corresponding to device drives of upgrade file, find corresponding to device drives, then carry out the upgrade job of device drives;
When carrying out the basic kernel upgrading of operating system, the steps include:
At first use soft switch or hard switching mode to open the WriteMode of the nonvolatile memory of preserving the basic kernel of operating system, restart the upgrading installation procedure, select upgrading or basic kernel program is installed, and read in basic kernel file, then basic kernel file is deposited in the nonvolatile memory of preserving the basic kernel of operating system, finish basic kernel upgrading or installation task;
The upgrading installation procedure also comprises the task of backup and the basic kernel of recovery operation system:
Use this upgrading installation procedure that the basic kernel of operating system is backuped on a memory disc or the USB flash disk, when the basic kernel of the operating system in nonvolatile memory is destroyed, be used for recovering the basic kernel of ruined operating system.
CN 200610032672 2006-01-11 2006-01-11 High-reliable personal computer and operating system thereof Pending CN1818824A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102663308A (en) * 2012-05-10 2012-09-12 北京中科浩晖科技有限公司 System for managing and controlling virus killing and filtration terminal
CN104572210A (en) * 2015-01-21 2015-04-29 浪潮电子信息产业股份有限公司 Mainboard VR updating method
CN104751062A (en) * 2013-12-31 2015-07-01 研祥智能科技股份有限公司 Method and device improving operation system reliability
CN106325899A (en) * 2015-06-23 2017-01-11 联想(北京)有限公司 Application installation method and installation system, and electronic device
CN109254800A (en) * 2018-09-30 2019-01-22 联想(北京)有限公司 A kind of facility information processing method, electronic equipment and server

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102663308A (en) * 2012-05-10 2012-09-12 北京中科浩晖科技有限公司 System for managing and controlling virus killing and filtration terminal
CN104751062A (en) * 2013-12-31 2015-07-01 研祥智能科技股份有限公司 Method and device improving operation system reliability
CN104751062B (en) * 2013-12-31 2019-03-19 研祥智能科技股份有限公司 A kind of method and device improving operating system reliability
CN104572210A (en) * 2015-01-21 2015-04-29 浪潮电子信息产业股份有限公司 Mainboard VR updating method
CN106325899A (en) * 2015-06-23 2017-01-11 联想(北京)有限公司 Application installation method and installation system, and electronic device
CN106325899B (en) * 2015-06-23 2019-11-26 联想(北京)有限公司 A kind of installation method of application program, installation system and electronic equipment
CN109254800A (en) * 2018-09-30 2019-01-22 联想(北京)有限公司 A kind of facility information processing method, electronic equipment and server

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