CN1811376A - Alpha surface pollution measuring instrument - Google Patents
Alpha surface pollution measuring instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN1811376A CN1811376A CN 200610020183 CN200610020183A CN1811376A CN 1811376 A CN1811376 A CN 1811376A CN 200610020183 CN200610020183 CN 200610020183 CN 200610020183 A CN200610020183 A CN 200610020183A CN 1811376 A CN1811376 A CN 1811376A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to an alpha surface pollution- surveying instrument. The characteristic is: its flexible air-pumping pipe is connected with fan, said fan is connected with power supply; one end of air-pumping pipe is positioned on the tested pipe wall; its another end is connected with ionization chamber; the electrode plate of ionization chamber is connected with output end of power supply; the adapter socket on the positive electrode plate of the ionization chamber is connected with input end of I-V converter; the output end of I-V converter is connected with input end of A/D converter; the output end of A/D converter is connected with single-chip computer; said single-chip computer is connected with keyboard, alarm and memory; the power supply is connected with A/D converter.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention is relevant with the alpha surface pollution measuring instrument device and the measuring method thereof of measuring channel inside and outside wall.
Background technology:
This alpha surface pollution measuring instrument is used to detect the alpha surface pollution of inner and outer walls of pipeline, thereby understand the α pollution condition of inner and outer walls of pipeline, making corresponding measure, to be people exempt from a kind of measure that radionuclide contamination is taked for self health, safety or environment for this.Have the alpha surface pollution instrument of surveying instrument and the radiation work place being detected for the α point that detects the radiation place irregular surface at present both at home and abroad.These alpha surface pollution measuring instruments require probe parallel with test surface, and distance between the two is less than certain value, and this is for the alpha surface pollution in the measuring channel inwall, very difficult realization.The measuring instrument of at present both at home and abroad still useless alpha surface pollution in the measuring channel inwall.
The content of invention:
It is little to the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of volume, light, is easy to carry, and can realize the α particle surface radioactive content instrument and the measuring method thereof of any inner and outer walls of pipeline of long range measurements.
The present invention is achieved in that
Alpha surface pollution measuring instrument of the present invention, flexible exhaust tube 1 is connected with fan 2, fan 2 is connected with power supply 7, one end of exhaust tube 1 is positioned at the tested pipeline inwall, the other end is connected with ionization chamber 4, the pole plate of ionization chamber 4 is connected with the output of power supply 7, socket on the ionization chamber positive plate is connected with the input of I-V converter 5, the output of I-V converter 5 connects the input of A/D converter 6, the output of A/D converter 6 connects single-chip microcomputer 3, single-chip microcomputer 3 is connected with keyboard 8, alarm 9, storer 10, and power supply 7 is connected with A/D converter 6.
DC-DC converter 12 is HDW8-12D9S5, and converter 13 is HDW1-12S100, and converter 14 is HDW1-12S12, and single-chip microcomputer 3 is 89C52, and comparer is LM311.
Charger 11 is made up of Switching Power Supply 15 and single-chip microcomputer 16, the input of Switching Power Supply 15 connects civil power, output connects lithium battery, the input of ADC converter 20 connects current sampling resistor 17, the output of voltage sample resistance 18 and operational amplifier 19, electric current, voltage sample resistance connect the lithium battery positive and negative electrode, and the output of ADC converter 20 connects single-chip microcomputer 16, and the output of single-chip microcomputer 16 connects the control end of Switching Power Supply 15 through digital regulation resistance 21.
Single-chip microcomputer 16 is AT89C2051, and ADC converter 20 is TLC0832, and operational amplifier 19 is LM358, and digital regulation resistance 21 is X9C102, and Switching Power Supply 15 is a 9V1A5WO5A combined switch power supply, the feedback circuit that adopts TL431 and PC817 to form.
Measuring instrument alpha surface pollution measuring method is made of following steps:
(1) total measurement time t of setting single-chip microcomputer 3
1, single-chip microcomputer is at t
1Gather 1s interval time of the output voltage signal of A/D converter 5 in time, the α that prestores in memory 10 pollutes alarm threshold value,
(2) at t
1Every interval 1s time gathers the output of A/D converter 5 and send display to show its value in time, the α particle concentration value in the measurement physical environment and with t
1/ 1s measurement result calculating mean value is as the background values storage and send display to show,
(3) exhaust tube 1 is sent into the interior or outside surface of measured pipeline, at t
1In time, gather the output of A/D converter 5 every the 1s time and measure α particle pollution value, if this value is polluted alarm threshold value greater than the α that prestores, then instrument is reported to the police, and send display to show its value, with t
1/ 1s time measurement result is calculated average alpha particle pollution value,
(4) α particle pollution mean value is deducted background values and multiply by K again
2, K
2=0.001-9.999 is a measured value then, sends into display and shows.
The charging method of the charger of measuring instrument, its step is as follows:
(1) in single-chip microcomputer 16, the prestore current value of trickle charge, lithium battery voltage maximal value and minimum value, the duration of charging value,
(2) single-chip microcomputer is gathered magnitude of voltage from lithium battery and is compared with the voltage minimum that prestores, if greater than minimum value, then do not charge and continue from lithium battery collection magnitude of voltage up to its value less than the voltage minimum that prestores, and the starting switch power source charges,
(3) single-chip microcomputer 16 compares with the voltage max that prestores from lithium battery collection magnitude of voltage, if greater than voltage max, then the single-chip microcomputer instruction current value ratio that enters the trickle electric current and gather current value and the trickle charge that prestores from lithium battery, if do not meet, then the command switch power supply changes output voltage, equal the trickle-charge current value up to charging current
(4) single-chip microcomputer 16 begins promptly to carry out timing from charging, and when the duration of charging that the duration of charging equals to prestore, then single-chip microcomputer 16 instructions enter trickle charge, and process is identical with step 3.
General alpha surface pollution measuring instrument requires probe parallel with test surface, and distance between the two is less than certain value, and this is for the very difficult realization of the alpha surface pollution in the measuring channel inwall.Measuring instrument of the present invention can head it off, and it can also realize the measurement of long distance.This instrument adopts exhaust tube that contaminated gas in the inner-walls of duct is input to ionization chamber, because exhaust tube is a plastic flexible pipe, therefore retractable, is easy to the measurement of realization to the inside and outside alpha surface pollution of any pipeline (regular pipeline and inner-walls of duct).Simultaneously,, can change length, the caliber of exhaust tube, realize reaching 2 meters long range measurements according to the actual measurement situation.The ionization chamber volume that this device adopts is little, light, place instrument internal, adopts lithium battery power supply, is portable alpha surface pollution measuring instrument.Lithium battery of the present invention can carry out intelligent charge, improves the serviceable life of lithium battery and prevents the accident generation.Measurement mechanism of the present invention and measuring method can guarantee measuring accuracy and can show and report to the police.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the gauge systems composition frame chart.
Fig. 2 is the front elevation of measuring instrument.
Fig. 3 is the measuring instrument cut-away view.
Fig. 4 is the ionization chamber structural drawing.
Fig. 5 is I-V converter circuit figure.
Fig. 6 is the power supply architecture block diagram.
Fig. 7 is a power circuit diagram.
Fig. 8 is the charger block diagram.
Fig. 9 is charger circuit figure.
Figure 10 is the process of measurement process flow diagram.
Figure 11 is the charging procedure process flow diagram.
Embodiment:
Instrument of the present invention comprises several parts of exhaust tube, ionization chamber, current-to-voltage convertor, Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, power supply and charger, as shown in Figure 1.Contaminated gas process exhaust tube is input to the ionization chamber of instrument in the pipeline, and the α particle that gas radiates makes ionization chamber produce ionization current.Faint ionization current is converted to voltage signal by the I-V converter, and this signal is transformed to digital signal by ADC, and the value that is input to this digital signal of MCU. directly reflects the intensity of α particle, i.e. the pollution level of gas in the pipeline.This instrument is by lithium battery power supply, and the appended charger of instrument can charge respectively and powers lithium battery and instrument.Three DC-DC converters of instrument internal provide main circuit required ± 9V ,+5V voltage ,+100V ionization chamber high pressure ,+12V extraction fan voltage.This instrument is a portable instrument, after the lithium battery of instrument is full of electricity, can guarantee 8 hours continuous working.
The instrument outward appearance as shown in Figure 2, its air inlet is delivered to ionization chamber ionization with the gas that exhaust tube is drawn into by intake stack in instrument left side, the gas after the ionization is sent by wind pipe, its air outlet is on the instrument right side.The ionization chamber structure as shown in Figure 4.
Principle of work based on each ingredient of the alpha surface pollution measuring instrument of inner-walls of duct
Below from external device (ED) (exhaust tube), ionization chamber and I-V conversion, be that the signals collecting of core and processing, power supply four parts describe with MCU.
1. exhaust tube
Exhaust tube belongs to external device (ED), with the supporting use of instrument.Because exhaust tube is the plastic flexible pipe of retractable, therefore the measurement of pipe interior contaminated gas being become is easy to, and all can realize the pipeline of Any shape.After powering on, fan (model: TA150DC, Japanese NIDEC company produces) rotates, and begins to bleed.Simultaneously, because exhaust tube is plastic flexible pipe, is easy to the transmission of gas that in conjunction with the ability to work of fan, this instrument can be finished the measurement that longest distance is 2m.
2. ionization chamber and I-V conversion
The gas (containing the α particle) that exhaust tube extracts is transported to ionization chamber, and the ionization chamber two ends are added with high pressure, and gas produces faint ionization current through ionization chamber, and ionization current is converted to voltage through the I-V converter.The preferred circuit that this I-V converter (circuit such as Fig. 5) is made up of AD515A chip and peripheral circuit (capacitor and inductor and resistance around the chip) thereof.Wherein 2 inductance are filter inductances, and 4 electric capacity are filter capacitors, and they form isolation circuit.W1 is an output zero potentiometer.The input of chip AD515A the 2nd pin electric current, the 6th pin output voltage, this chip are exclusively used in the conversion of electric current to voltage, its output voltage V o and input current I
iThe pass be: Vo=-I
iR
G, (R wherein
G=10G Ω).
3. signals collecting and processing
Signals collecting and processing unit are to be the system of core with single-chip microcomputer (89C52), voltage signal enters 16 .A/D converter AD7715, this converter is a serial output digital quantity, employing ∑-Δ technology realizes 16 accurate transformation and does not have error code, but unipolarity input, but also bipolarity input, gain setting can be set to 1,2,32,128, and its serial line interface provides three-way operation.Wherein, ∑-Δ technology: ∑ representative summation, Δ is represented increment; Adopt the ADC of ∑-Δ technology that series mode interference is had strong restraint.The A/D converter gain is set to 1 in this instrument, adopt the SPI interface with MCU, realization serial output, adopt the bipolarity input when measuring background, in addition the unipolarity input is adopted in measurement, this is owing to when measuring background, positive and negative two kinds of situations may occur, therefore will adopt the bipolarity input; When signal is imported, may be up to increase only from background, therefore adopt the unipolarity input.A/D converter voltage sample p.s. once, and sampled result shows with LCD.Because the native system procedure quantity is big, and external memory storage need be set, this NVRAM has the function that volume is little, non-volatile, power down keeps.
4. power unit
Because main circuit requires to use multiple voltage, wherein, the operating voltage of ionization chamber is+100V the operating voltage 12V of drive fan, the operating voltage of chip for driving has ± 9V ,+5V, therefore, the design of power supply is most important, and can be related to system operate as normal, reaches the measuring accuracy requirement.Power supply comprises charger and DC voltage conversion two parts, describes respectively below.
1) voltage transitions
System adopts lithium battery power supply, changes (model is HDW8-12D9S5) and peripheral circuit through DC-DC, export to obtain+5V, ± 9V.Equally, adopt a slice HDW1-12S100 DC-DC converter, output+100V; Adopt a slice HDW1-12S12, output+12V.Battery voltage detection circuit is realized with comparer LM311 and peripheral circuit, is used for detecting the voltage condition at battery two ends, if the battery deficiency is sent signal to single-chip microcomputer, shows the light current sign.Structured flowchart as shown in Figure 6, physical circuit is as shown in Figure 7.
2) charger
Consider that the convenient of instrument uses, adopt charger that lithium battery is charged, guarantee that instrument at any time can both operate as normal, and easy to carry.Lithium battery has characteristics such as volume is little, in light weight, good electrical property.This charger adopts single chip computer AT 89C2051 to control, and has used technology such as Switching Power Supply and A/D, D/A, has realized the intelligent charge of lithium battery.Entire circuit is divided into Switching Power Supply part again and based on the control circuit part of single-chip microcomputer.Its hardware block diagram as shown in Figure 8, physical circuit is as shown in Figure 9.
This Switching Power Supply belongs to the combined switch power supply, adopts the accurate benchmark of TL431 and PC817 to form feedback circuit.Entire work process is: exchanging input becomes high direct voltage after filtering, rectification, again by power switch pipe copped wave, the high-frequency transformer step-down obtains the high frequency square-wave voltage.At last, through the output rectifier filer, obtain needed VD.
The control circuit part mainly is made up of AT89C2051, ADC (TLC0832), amplifier (LM358) and digital regulation resistance (X9C102), divider resistance, current sampling resistor.Single-chip microcomputer carries out real-time voltage, current sampling to the battery that is charging, through A/D conversion input single-chip microcomputer.The single-chip microcomputer charged state different according to battery (just charge or be full of) taked different charging modes (constant-current charge or trickle charge), by digital regulation resistance X9C102 the output voltage of Switching Power Supply is controlled, by changing the purpose that the electric battery terminal voltage reaches the control charging process.After connecting accumulator, charging process begins, and when detecting cell voltage in normal range, charger starts, and charging voltage, electric current are increased to specified constant charge current value gradually, carry out constant-current charge, and the flicker of " just charging " LED lamp picks up counting simultaneously.After this constantly detect cell voltage, when cell voltage more than or equal to the maximal value of regulation or duration of charging when equaling 5 hours, single-chip microcomputer sends instruction, reduce numerical control output valve size, charging current is reduced, transfer trickle charge (0.1A) to, " being full of " LED light is bright.So just avoided the too fast or serious polarization of battery temperature rise, influence charging quality, the serviceable life of reducing accumulator, even generation accident.
The software control of alpha surface pollution measuring instrument
This part comprises main circuit software control and charger software control.
Main circuit software control: master routine content.
At first carry out initialize routine, content comprises that the timer/counter of MCU is set to every 50ms and interrupts once, thereby is defined as 1 second acquisition time 20 times by every interruption in the mensuration process.Total Measuring Time also is benchmark basic time with 50ms; Initialization also comprises the mode of operation of duty that keyboard interface chip 8279 is set, AD converter mode of operation, LCD and take out parameters such as measuring " Measuring Time ", " correction coefficient " of being stored, " alarm threshold value " last time from NVRAM.
Master routine is waited for the key input command later on.
After connecing down " measurement " or " background " order, the timer of program start MCU begins when making meter.After the 1s acquisition time arrives, be " measurement " key or " background " key according to what press, carry out " pollution " or " background " respectively and measure.If " measuring contamination " must compare with decision whether carry out sound and display alarm prompting, the soiling value of measuring when showing 1s then (magnitude of voltage) with measured value and the alarm threshold value of presetting.This soiling value=V
x=k
1I
x, I
xIonization current for the nuclear detector ionization chamber that is proportional to the α pollution condition.k
1Be voltage V
xWith I
xConversion coefficient, by the decision of I-V converter and ADC reference voltage.K
1Be generally 1mv/10
-13About A, the ionization chamber technical parameter of visual equipment and the discrete case of instrument element are demarcated.If " background " key is then measured the background magnitude of voltage of plus or minus, this value depends on 0 drift of I-V converter, usually in ± 10mv.
After " measuring contamination " or " sample-out count " (sample-out count is that the tested pollution pipeline of measuring distance is greater than the α value in the physical environment of 1m) overall measurement time arrives, calculate respectively and pollute the voltage V that causes
xMean value, α soiling value=K
2V
xCorrection coefficient K wherein
2Depend primarily on the characteristic of ionization chamber, it utilizes standard α source to demarcate by the instrument user and determines it, K
2=0.001-9.999, instrument is initially set 1.000.If " sample-out count " then provides average background magnitude of voltage, this is worth when " measuring contamination ", should deduct by following formula:
Soiling value=K
2(V
x-background pollution magnitude of voltage).
Main program flow as shown in figure 10.
Charger software control: at first tackle single-chip microcomputer in the starting stage of program and carry out initialization, judge then whether battery connects correctly, judge according to cell voltage enter which charging stage (constant current or trickle charge mode).Current constant mode: constantly detect the electric current that flows through battery and whether reach steady current, if less than steady current then the voltage of raising the battery two ends makes it to reach 1A (under the prerequisite of battery both end voltage less than the maximum charging voltage of battery).Trickle mode: after the battery both end voltage reaches maximal value, enter the trickle charge pattern.Program circuit as shown in figure 11.
Claims (9)
1, alpha surface pollution measuring instrument, it is characterized in that flexible exhaust tube (1) is connected with fan (2), fan (2) is connected with power supply (7), one end of exhaust tube (1) is positioned at the tested pipeline inwall, the other end is connected with ionization chamber (4), the pole plate of ionization chamber (4) is connected with the output of power supply (7), socket on the ionization chamber positive plate is connected with the input of I-V converter (5), the output of I-V converter (5) connects the input of A/D converter (6), the output of A/D converter (6) connects single-chip microcomputer (3), single-chip microcomputer (3) and keyboard (8), alarm (9), storer (10) connects, and power supply (7) is connected with A/D converter (6).
2, measuring instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the lithium battery of power supply (7) for being connected with charger (11), lithium battery and three DC-DC converters (12), (13), (14) connect, converter (12) output+5V, ± 9V operating voltage is given single-chip microcomputer (3) and A/D converter (6), converter (13) output 100V operating voltage is given ionization chamber (4), converter (14) output 12V voltage is given fan (2), battery voltage detection circuit has 2 pin of comparer to connect power cathode by divider resistance, 3 pin of amplifier connect positive source and by diode ground connection, the output of amplifier connects the middle fracture of single-chip microcomputer (3).
3, measuring instrument according to claim 2 is characterized in that DC-DC converter (12) is HDW8-12D9S5, and converter (13) is HDW1-12S100, and converter (14) is HDW1-12S12, and single-chip microcomputer (3) is 89C52, and comparer is LM311.
4, measuring instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that charger (11) is made up of Switching Power Supply (15) and single-chip microcomputer (16), the input of Switching Power Supply (15) connects civil power, output connects lithium battery, the input of ADC converter (20) connects current sampling resistor (17), the output of voltage sample resistance (18) and operational amplifier (19), electric current, voltage sample resistance connect the lithium battery positive and negative electrode, the output of ADC converter (20) connects single-chip microcomputer (16), and the output of single-chip microcomputer (16) connects the control end of Switching Power Supply (15) through digital regulation resistance (21).
5, measuring instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that single-chip microcomputer (16) is AT89C2051, ADC converter (20) is TLC0832, operational amplifier (19) is LM358, digital regulation resistance (21) is X9C102, Switching Power Supply (15) is a 9V1A5W05A combined switch power supply, the feedback circuit that adopts TL431 and PC817 to form.
6, measuring instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that I-V converter (5) is made up of AD515A chip and peripheral circuit, peripheral circuit is formed isolation circuit by 2 filter inductances and 4 filter capacitors, 4 pin of AD515A, 5 pin meet output zero potentiometer W1, the 2nd pin connects the positive plate of ionization chamber, and the 6th pin output voltage signal connects 16 A/D converters (6), and A/D converter (6) is AD7715.
7, measuring instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that fan (2) is TA150DC.
8, measuring instrument alpha surface pollution measuring method according to claim 1 is made of following steps:
1) total measurement time t of setting single-chip microcomputer (3)
1, single-chip microcomputer is at t
1Gather 1s interval time of the output voltage signal of A/D converter (5) in time, the α that prestores in memory (10) pollutes alarm threshold value,
2) at t
1Every interval 1s time gathers the output of A/D converter (5) and send display to show its value in time, the α particle concentration value in the measurement physical environment and with t
1/ 1s measurement result calculating mean value is as the background values storage and send display to show,
3) exhaust tube (1) is sent into the interior or outside surface of measured pipeline, at t
1In time, gather the output of A/D converter (5) every the 1s time and measure α particle pollution value, if this value is polluted alarm threshold value greater than the α that prestores, then instrument is reported to the police, and send display to show its value, with t
1/ 1s time measurement result is calculated average alpha particle pollution value,
4) α particle pollution mean value is deducted background values and multiply by K again
2, K
2=0.001-9.999 is measured value, sends into display and shows.
9, the charging method of the charger of measuring instrument according to claim 1, its step is as follows:
1) in single-chip microcomputer (16), the prestore current value of trickle charge, lithium battery voltage maximal value and minimum value, the duration of charging value,
2) single-chip microcomputer is gathered magnitude of voltage from lithium battery and is compared with the voltage minimum that prestores, if greater than minimum value, then do not charge and continue from lithium battery collection magnitude of voltage up to its value less than the voltage minimum that prestores, and the starting switch power source charges,
3) single-chip microcomputer (16) compares with the voltage max that prestores from lithium battery collection magnitude of voltage, if greater than voltage max, then the single-chip microcomputer instruction current value ratio that enters the trickle electric current and gather current value and the trickle charge that prestores from lithium battery, if do not meet, then the command switch power supply changes output voltage, equal the trickle-charge current value up to charging current
4) single-chip microcomputer (16) begins promptly to carry out timing from charging, and when the duration of charging that the duration of charging equals to prestore, then single-chip microcomputer (16) instruction enters trickle charge, and process is identical with step (3).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200610020183A CN100578193C (en) | 2006-01-20 | 2006-01-20 | Alpha surface pollution measuring instrument |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200610020183A CN100578193C (en) | 2006-01-20 | 2006-01-20 | Alpha surface pollution measuring instrument |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1811376A true CN1811376A (en) | 2006-08-02 |
| CN100578193C CN100578193C (en) | 2010-01-06 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN200610020183A Expired - Fee Related CN100578193C (en) | 2006-01-20 | 2006-01-20 | Alpha surface pollution measuring instrument |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103293547A (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2013-09-11 | 成都理工大学 | Portable bionic alpha internal contamination dose monitoring device |
| CN103600847A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2014-02-26 | 哈尔滨理工大学科技园发展有限公司 | System for recording plane flying attitudes and plane driver physiological parameters |
| CN107144869A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-09-08 | 中广核久源（成都）科技有限公司 | A kind of tritium surface contamination survey meter |
-
2006
- 2006-01-20 CN CN200610020183A patent/CN100578193C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103293547A (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2013-09-11 | 成都理工大学 | Portable bionic alpha internal contamination dose monitoring device |
| CN103293547B (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2016-02-17 | 成都理工大学 | Portable bionical α internal contamination dose monitoring device |
| CN103600847A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2014-02-26 | 哈尔滨理工大学科技园发展有限公司 | System for recording plane flying attitudes and plane driver physiological parameters |
| CN107144869A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-09-08 | 中广核久源（成都）科技有限公司 | A kind of tritium surface contamination survey meter |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100578193C (en) | 2010-01-06 |
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