CN1804003A - Method for preparing synthetic gas by three-channel nozzle and partial oxidation of solid carbon-containing substance - Google Patents

Method for preparing synthetic gas by three-channel nozzle and partial oxidation of solid carbon-containing substance Download PDF

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CN1804003A
CN1804003A CN 200510112302 CN200510112302A CN1804003A CN 1804003 A CN1804003 A CN 1804003A CN 200510112302 CN200510112302 CN 200510112302 CN 200510112302 A CN200510112302 A CN 200510112302A CN 1804003 A CN1804003 A CN 1804003A
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nozzle
channel
solid carbonaceous
middle ring
gas
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CN100374531C (en
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刘海峰
龚欣
于遵宏
代正华
郭晓镭
王辅臣
于广锁
王亦飞
周志杰
陈雪莉
李伟锋
梁钦锋
王兴军
郑丽娇
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East China University of Science and Technology
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
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    • Y02E20/18Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种固态含碳物质采用三通道喷嘴部分氧化制备合成气的方法。包括如下步骤:将携载有固态含碳物质的载气、气化剂和保护气通过三通道喷嘴进入气流床气化,获得合成气;本发明的喷嘴结构简单,制作与维护方便。通过设置喷嘴外环通道,引入用于保护烧嘴的保护气,一方面可显著提高喷嘴使用寿命,另一方面,可促进固体颗粒与气化剂的充分接触,获得优良的混合效果。本发明的喷嘴能够将固态含碳物质及其输送载气、气化剂导入反应器中进行部分氧化反应,制备合成气,其碳转化率达99%。可用于固态含碳物质如粉煤、石油焦、生物质、固态废弃物等固态含碳物质的部分氧化制备合成气工艺,用途广泛。

Figure 200510112302

The invention discloses a method for preparing synthesis gas by partial oxidation of solid carbonaceous matter through a three-channel nozzle. The method comprises the following steps: the carrier gas, the gasification agent and the protective gas carrying the solid carbonaceous matter enter the air-flow bed through the three-channel nozzle for gasification to obtain the synthesis gas; the nozzle of the invention has a simple structure and is convenient for manufacture and maintenance. By setting the outer ring channel of the nozzle and introducing the shielding gas used to protect the burner, on the one hand, the service life of the nozzle can be significantly improved, on the other hand, it can promote the full contact of solid particles and gasification agent, and obtain excellent mixing effect. The nozzle of the invention can introduce the solid carbonaceous matter, its carrier gas and gasification agent into the reactor for partial oxidation reaction to prepare synthesis gas, and the carbon conversion rate reaches 99%. It can be used in the process of preparing synthesis gas by partial oxidation of solid carbonaceous substances such as pulverized coal, petroleum coke, biomass, solid waste, etc., and has a wide range of uses.

Figure 200510112302

Description

The solid carbon-contg material adopts the three-channel nozzle partial oxidation to prepare the method for synthetic gas
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method that the oxidation of a kind of solid carbon-contg material part prepares synthetic gas, relate in particular to a kind of method that adopts the three-channel nozzle partial oxidation to prepare synthetic gas.
Background technology
Partial oxidation prepares the entrained flow gasification method of synthetic gas, is in air flow bed, and solid carbon-contg material and vaporized chemical are carried out chemical reaction under High Temperature High Pressure, and making with carbon monoxide and hydrogen is the main synthetic gas of forming.This gasification process temperature, pressure height, device fabrication intensity is big, and the efficiency of carbon conversion height is strong to the adaptability of solid carbon-contg material, and the synthetic gas that makes can be used for generating, produces chemical and chemical fertilizer, synthetic oil product, makes geseous fuel etc., and purposes is very extensive.
Nozzle is one of key part of entrained flow gasification.Solid carbon-contg material and carrier gas thereof and vaporized chemical are imported air flow bed and make it to mix and reaction by it.Because temperature of reaction is up to~1500 ℃, the nozzle arrangements design is improper, its end of will ablating, and the ablation reactor wall produces serious consequence, or causes the abrasion of solid carbon-contg material to nozzle, influences its work-ing life.Existing patented technology such as United States Patent (USP) 4,523,529,4,736,693,4,858,538 and European patent 0 328 794 all adopt in shower nozzle be straight pipe type structure nozzle, the common defective is that logistics lacked accelerator before advancing reactor, and the speed of leaving nozzle is on the low side, is easy to the nozzle of ablating.United States Patent (USP) 4,523,529 by the gas redistributor, and solid carbon-contg substance channel periphery is provided with a plurality of circular oxygen channels at the center, and structure is very complicated, and inconvenience processing is safeguarded.United States Patent (USP) 4,736,693 have also established three passages, and for preventing the nozzle-end of ablating, the heat pipe that sealing is set between burner end and rear portion psychrophore cools off the burner end, and complex structure is processed difficult in maintenance.In addition, wherein the solid materials passage is for takeing in interior hybrid combination, and nozzle head is very easily denuded.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues that need to address of the present invention are to disclose the method that a kind of solid carbon-contg material employing three-channel nozzle partial oxidation prepares synthetic gas, to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
Method of the present invention comprises the steps:
The carrier gas, vaporized chemical and the protection gas that carry the solid carbon-contg material are entered entrained flow gasification by three-channel nozzle, obtain synthetic gas; The component and the weight percent of said synthetic gas are as follows:
CO is 55~65%, H 2Be 25~34%;
Said three-channel nozzle comprises ring conduit and nozzle outer shroud conduit in co-axial outer shroud shower nozzle, middle ring spray head, interior shower nozzle, nozzle center's conduit, the nozzle;
Shower nozzle, middle ring spray head and outer shroud shower nozzle are respectively the Taper Pipe of a butt in said, and middle ring spray headgear is outside interior shower nozzle, and the outer shroud shower nozzle is enclosed within again outside the middle ring spray head; The big end of outer shroud shower nozzle is connected with nozzle outer shroud conduit, and the ring conduit is connected in the big end of middle ring spray head and the nozzle, and the big end of interior shower nozzle is connected with the nozzle center conduit;
Interior shower nozzle and nozzle center's conduit constitute nozzle center's passage, encircle passage in the space formation nozzle between interior shower nozzle and the middle ring spray head, and the space constitutes the nozzle outer ring channel between middle ring spray head and the outer shroud shower nozzle.
The ring spray cephalic par is provided with cooling water jecket outside, constitutes the nozzle cooling water passage by the coil pipe that is attached thereto.
The carrier gas that carries the solid carbon-contg material from nozzle center's passage or a channel injection in the ring passage enter air flow bed; vaporized chemical then from nozzle center's passage or another channel injection in the ring passage enter air flow bed, protection gas sprays by the nozzle outer ring channel and enters air flow bed.
Said solid carbon-contg material is selected from solid carbon-contg materials such as fine coal, refinery coke, biomass, solid-state castoff;
Said carrier gas is selected from nitrogen, CO 2, a kind of or its mixture in water vapor or the synthetic gas;
Said protection gas is selected from nitrogen, CO 2Or a kind of or its mixture in the water vapor, but should not contain combustible gases such as oxygen and carbon monoxide, hydrogen;
Said vaporized chemical is selected from oxygen, water vapor or CO 2In a kind of or its mixture;
Carry in the carrier gas of solid carbon-contg material, the weight ratio of solid carbon-contg material and carrier gas is: the solid carbon-contg material: carrier gas=0.5~20;
The weight ratio of solid carbon-contg material and vaporized chemical is:
Solid carbon-contg material: vaporized chemical=1: 0.5~1.5;
The solid carbon-contg material with the weight ratio of protection gas is:
Solid carbon-contg material: protection gas=1: 0.005~1.0;
The linear velocity that carries the carrier gas jetting nozzle of solid carbon-contg material is 5~60 meter per seconds;
The linear velocity of vaporized chemical jetting nozzle is 40~140 meter per seconds;
The linear velocity of protection gas blowout delivery nozzle is 0.5~40 meter per second.
Said air flow bed has had disclosed report in many patents and document, the present invention repeats no more.
The entrained flow gasification temperature is 1000~1600 ℃, and pressure is normal pressure~6.0Mpa.
Method of the present invention, nozzle arrangements is simple, makes with easy to maintenance.By the nozzle outer ring channel is set, introduce the protection gas that is used to protect burner, can significantly improve burner work-ing life on the one hand, on the other hand, can promote fully contacting of solid particulate and vaporized chemical, obtain good mixed effect.Nozzle of the present invention can import solid carbon-contg material and delivery of carrier gas thereof, vaporized chemical in the reactor and carry out partial oxidation reaction, the preparation synthetic gas, and its efficiency of carbon conversion reaches 99%.The partial oxidation that can be used for solid carbon-contg materials such as solid carbon-contg material such as fine coal, refinery coke, biomass, solid-state castoff prepares synthesis gas process, and is of many uses.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is this structure of nozzle synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the nozzle arrangements synoptic diagram, and said nozzle comprises and encircles conduit (5) and nozzle outer shroud conduit (6) in co-axial outer shroud shower nozzle (1), middle ring spray head (2), interior shower nozzle (3), nozzle center's conduit (4), the nozzle.Shower nozzle (3), middle ring spray head (2) and outer shroud shower nozzle (1) are respectively the Taper Pipe of a butt in said, and outside the ring spray head (2), middle ring spray head (2) was enclosed within outside the interior shower nozzle (3) during outer shroud shower nozzle (1) was enclosed within.The big end of outer shroud shower nozzle (1) is connected with nozzle outer shroud conduit (6), encircles conduit (5) in the big end of middle ring spray head (2) and the nozzle and is connected, and the big end of interior shower nozzle (3) is connected with nozzle center's conduit (4).Be provided with the gap between middle ring spray head (2) and the outer shroud shower nozzle (1), constitute nozzle outer ring channel (7); Be provided with the gap between interior shower nozzle (3) and the middle ring spray head (2), constitute in the nozzle and encircle passage (8), interior shower nozzle (3) and nozzle center's conduit (4) constitute nozzle center's passage (9).
As seen from Figure 1; in order to protect nozzle; ring spray head (1) outside spiral coil cooling tube (11) that is provided with cooling room (10) and is connected with cooling room (10) outside, cooling fluid flows into cooling room (10) by the inlet of spiral coil cooling tube (11), is discharged by the outlet pipe of spiral coil cooling tube (11).
The interior contraction half-angle α of shower nozzle (3) is 1 °~60 ° in said, and its outside angle of inclination beta is 20 °~90 °;
The interior contraction half-angle ε of middle ring spray head (2) is 0 °~70 °, and its outside tilt angle gamma is 20 °~90 °;
The interior contraction half-angle of outer shroud shower nozzle (1) is 0 °~70 °.
The spout bore d of shower nozzle (3) and the ratio of spout straight section height h are h in said: d=0.1~10.
The vents face of shower nozzle (3) and middle ring spray head (2) is 0~50mm apart from s in said.
The vents face of ring spray head (2) and outer shroud shower nozzle (1) is 0~40mm apart from t in said.
Embodiment 1
The carrier gas, vaporized chemical and the protection gas that carry the solid carbon-contg material are entered entrained flow gasification by three-channel nozzle shown in Figure 1, obtain synthetic gas; Said air flow bed adopts the technology of 98110616.1 patent reports.
The interior contraction half-angle α of shower nozzle (3) is 1 ° in said, and its outside angle of inclination beta is 70 °;
The interior contraction half-angle ε of middle ring spray head (2) is 20 °, and its outside tilt angle gamma is 70 °;
The interior contraction half-angle of outer shroud shower nozzle (1) is 30 °.
The spout bore d of shower nozzle (3) and the ratio of spout straight section height h are h in said: d is 1.
The vents face of shower nozzle (3) and middle ring spray head (2) is 0mm apart from s in said.
The vents face of ring spray head (2) and outer shroud shower nozzle (1) is 0mm apart from t in said.
Said solid carbon-contg material is selected from fine coal;
Said carrier gas is selected from N 2
Said protection gas is selected from water vapor;
Said vaporized chemical is selected from oxygen;
Carry in the carrier gas of solid carbon-contg material, the content of solid carbon-contg material is 450 kilograms/cubic metre;
The part by weight of vaporized chemical and solid carbon-contg material is: 0.82
The part by weight of protection gas and solid carbon-contg material is: 0.15;
The linear velocity that carries the carrier gas jetting nozzle of solid carbon-contg material is 10 meter per seconds;
The linear velocity of vaporized chemical jetting nozzle is 90 meter per seconds;
The linear velocity of protection gas blowout delivery nozzle is 20 meter per seconds;
The entrained flow gasification temperature is 1400 ℃, and pressure is 4.0Mpa.
Adopting above-mentioned method is the feedstock production synthetic gas with fine coal, and its efficiency of carbon conversion reaches 99%.The component and the weight percent of said synthetic gas are as follows
CO is 58~62%, H 2Be 29~32%.
Embodiment 2
The carrier gas, vaporized chemical and the protection gas that carry the solid carbon-contg material are entered entrained flow gasification by three-channel nozzle shown in Figure 1, obtain synthetic gas; It is the technology of the disclosed report of 200410089404.9 patents that said air flow bed adopts application number.
The interior contraction half-angle α of shower nozzle (3) is 30 ° in said, and its outside angle of inclination beta is 60 °;
The interior contraction half-angle ε of middle ring spray head (2) is 30 °, and its outside tilt angle gamma is 50 °;
The interior contraction half-angle of outer shroud shower nozzle (1) is 50 °.
The spout bore d of shower nozzle (3) and the ratio of spout straight section height h are h in said: d is 10.
The vents face of shower nozzle (3) and middle ring spray head (2) is 15mm apart from s in said.
The vents face of ring spray head (2) and outer shroud shower nozzle (1) is 5mm apart from t in said.
Said solid carbon-contg material is selected from refinery coke;
Said carrier gas is selected from CO 2
Said protection gas is selected from water vapor and CO 2Mixed air (volume ratio 1: 1);
Said vaporized chemical is selected from the mixed air (volume ratio 20: 1) of oxygen and water vapor;
Carry in the carrier gas of solid carbon-contg material, the content of solid carbon-contg material is 450 kilograms/cubic metre;
The part by weight of vaporized chemical and solid carbon-contg material is: 0.9;
The part by weight of protection gas and solid carbon-contg material is: 0.1;
The linear velocity that carries the carrier gas jetting nozzle of solid carbon-contg material is 30 meter per seconds;
The linear velocity of vaporized chemical jetting nozzle is 60 meter per seconds;
The linear velocity of protection gas blowout delivery nozzle is 10 meter per seconds;
The entrained flow gasification temperature is 1300 ℃, and reaction pressure is normal pressure 3.0MPa
Adopting above-mentioned method is the feedstock production synthetic gas with the refinery coke, and its efficiency of carbon conversion reaches 98.5%.
The component and the weight percent of said synthetic gas are as follows:
CO is 60~63%, H 2Be 30~32%.

Claims (8)

1.一种固态含碳物质采用三通道喷嘴部分氧化制备合成气的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:将携载有固态含碳物质的载气、气化剂和保护气通过三通道喷嘴进入气流床气化,获得合成气;1. A method for preparing synthesis gas by partial oxidation of a solid carbonaceous substance using a three-channel nozzle, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: passing a carrier gas, a gasification agent and a protective gas carrying a solid carbonaceous substance through a three-channel nozzle Enter entrained bed gasification to obtain synthesis gas; 所说的三通道喷嘴包括同轴的外环喷头(1)、中环喷头(2)、内喷头(3)、喷嘴中心导管(4)、喷嘴中环导管(5)和喷嘴外环导管(6)。所说的内喷头(3)、中环喷头(2)和外环喷头(1)分别为一个截头的锥管,外环喷头(1)套在中环喷头(2)外,中环喷头(2)套在内喷头(3)外。外环喷头(1)的大端与喷嘴外环导管(6)相连接,中环喷头(2)的大端与喷嘴中环导管(5)相连接,内喷头(3)的大端与喷嘴中心导管(4)相连接,中环喷头(2)与外环喷头(1)之间设有间隙,构成喷嘴外环通道(7);内喷头(3)和中环喷头(2)之间设有间隙,构成喷嘴中环通道(8),内喷头(3)和喷嘴中心导管(4)构成喷嘴中心通道(9);Said three-channel nozzle comprises a coaxial outer ring nozzle (1), a middle ring nozzle (2), an inner nozzle (3), a nozzle center conduit (4), a nozzle middle ring conduit (5) and a nozzle outer ring conduit (6) . Said inner shower head (3), middle ring shower head (2) and outer ring shower head (1) are respectively a truncated tapered pipe, and outer ring shower head (1) is enclosed within outside the middle ring shower head (2), and middle ring shower head (2) Cover the outside of the inner shower head (3). The big end of the outer ring nozzle (1) is connected with the nozzle outer ring conduit (6), the big end of the middle ring nozzle (2) is connected with the nozzle middle ring conduit (5), and the big end of the inner nozzle (3) is connected with the nozzle central conduit (4) are connected with each other, a gap is provided between the middle ring nozzle (2) and the outer ring nozzle (1), forming the nozzle outer ring channel (7); a gap is provided between the inner nozzle (3) and the middle ring nozzle (2), Constitute the nozzle central channel (8), the inner spray head (3) and the nozzle central conduit (4) constitute the nozzle central channel (9); 携载有固态含碳物质的载气从喷嘴中心通道(9)或中环通道中(8)的一个通道喷射进入气流床,气化剂则从喷嘴中心通道(9)或中环通道(8)中的另一个通道喷射进入气流床,保护气通过喷嘴外环通道(7)喷射进入气流床。The carrier gas carrying solid carbonaceous matter is injected into the entrained bed from the nozzle center channel (9) or a channel in the middle ring channel (8), and the gasification agent is injected from the nozzle center channel (9) or the middle ring channel (8) The other channel of the nozzle is injected into the air-flow bed, and the protective gas is injected into the air-flow bed through the outer ring channel (7) of the nozzle. 2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在外环喷头(1)外侧设有冷却室(10)和与冷却室(10)相连通的冷却盘管(11)。2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a cooling chamber (10) and a cooling coil (11) communicating with the cooling chamber (10) are provided outside the outer ring spray head (1). 3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所说的内喷头(3)的内收缩半角α为1°~60°,其外侧倾角β为20°~90°。3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the inner contraction half angle α of the inner spray head (3) is 1°-60°, and the outer inclination angle β thereof is 20°-90°. 4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,中环喷头(2)的内收缩半角ε为0°~70°,其外侧倾角γ为20°~90°。4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, the inner contraction half-angle ε of the middle ring nozzle (2) is 0°-70°, and the outer inclination γ thereof is 20°-90°. 5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,外环喷头(1)的内收缩半角为0°~70°。5 . The method according to claim 4 , characterized in that, the inner contraction half-angle  of the outer ring nozzle ( 1 ) is 0°˜70°. 6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所说的内喷头(3)的喷口口径d与喷口直段高度h的比例即h∶d=0.1~10。6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the nozzle diameter d of the inner nozzle (3) to the height h of the straight section of the nozzle is h:d=0.1~10. 所说的内喷头(3)与中环喷头(2)的喷口端面的距离s为0~50mm。The distance s between the inner spray head (3) and the nozzle end face of the middle ring spray head (2) is 0-50 mm. 所说的中环喷头(2)与外环喷头(1)的喷口端面的距离t为0~40mm。The distance t between the nozzle end faces of the middle ring nozzle (2) and the outer ring nozzle (1) is 0-40mm. 7.根据权利要求1~6任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所说的固态含碳物质选自粉煤、石油焦、生物质或固态废弃物。7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that said solid carbonaceous substance is selected from pulverized coal, petroleum coke, biomass or solid waste. 8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所说的载气选自氮气、CO2、水蒸汽或合成气中的一种或其混合物,所说的保护气选自氮气、CO2或水蒸汽中的一种或其混合物,所说的气化剂选自氧气、水蒸汽或CO2中的一种或其混合物;8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, said carrier gas is selected from nitrogen, CO 2 , water vapor or synthesis gas or a mixture thereof, and said protective gas is selected from nitrogen, CO 2 or one of water vapor or its mixture, and said gasification agent is selected from one or its mixture of oxygen, water vapor or CO2 ; 携载有固态含碳物质的载气中,固态含碳物质和载气的重量比为:固态含碳物质∶载气=0.5~20;In the carrier gas carrying the solid carbonaceous substance, the weight ratio of the solid carbonaceous substance to the carrier gas is: solid carbonaceous substance:carrier gas=0.5~20; 固态含碳物质与气化剂的重量比为:The weight ratio of solid carbonaceous substance to gasifying agent is: 固态含碳物质∶气化剂=1∶0.5~1.5;Solid carbonaceous substance:gasification agent=1:0.5~1.5; 固态含碳物质与保护气的重量比为:The weight ratio of solid carbonaceous matter to shielding gas is: 固态含碳物质∶保护气=1∶0.005~1.0;Solid carbonaceous matter: protective gas = 1: 0.005 ~ 1.0; 携载有固态含碳物质的载气喷出喷嘴的线速度为5~60米/秒;The linear velocity of the carrier gas ejection nozzle carrying solid carbonaceous matter is 5-60 m/s; 气化剂喷出喷嘴的线速度为40~140米/秒;The linear velocity of the gasifying agent spraying nozzle is 40-140 m/s; 保护气喷出喷嘴的线速度为0.5~40米/秒。The linear velocity of the protective gas ejection nozzle is 0.5-40 m/s.
CNB2005101123029A 2005-12-29 2005-12-29 Method for preparing synthesis gas by partial oxidation of solid carbonaceous substances using three-channel nozzles Expired - Fee Related CN100374531C (en)

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CN103160328A (en) * 2011-12-12 2013-06-19 北京低碳清洁能源研究所 Coal dry powder gasification device
CN103874748A (en) * 2012-05-04 2014-06-18 社团法人高等技术研究院研究组合 Non-melt and partial melt type entrained flow bed gasifier
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CN105132037B (en) * 2015-09-11 2018-07-06 哈尔滨工业大学 A kind of pulverized coal gasification furnace burner
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