Two, background technology
Preparation method at present known 2-deoxyglucose has a lot; on U.S. chemical abstract (CA), can retrieve more than ten kinds; IN187908 goes on foot and obtains 2-deoxyglucose (I) through transesterify, hydrolysis two promptly from D-acetylated glucal (II):
This synthetic method is simple to operate, and cost is also lower, but has used the bigger heavy metal barium of toxicity, and second small step in the first step can be streamlined any further.
The synthetic method of latest report (PCT Int.Appl., 2004058786,15 Jul 2004) is from glucal, goes on foot through three and obtains the 2-deoxyglucose.
Though the product purity that this synthetic method obtains is higher, and is more loaded down with trivial details, cost is very high, is not suitable for scale operation and popularization.
Three, summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve big, the shortcomings such as reaction process is loaded down with trivial details, cost height of toxicity that exist among the preparation method of existing 2-deoxyglucose, we provide the method for simple and effective Synthetic 2-deoxyglucose that a kind of toxicity is little, reaction process is simple, cost is low.
A kind of method for preparing the 2-deoxyglucose, its preparation process is as follows:
(1) at first in a reactor, adds D-acetylated glucal (II) and anhydrous methanol, after the stirring and dissolving, slowly add sodium Metal 99.5, generate sodium methylate, generate D-glucal (III) then under the katalysis of sodium methylate, distillation is the methyl alcohol evaporate to dryness, and is standby;
(2) in No. two reactors, add water then, add the vitriol oil, stir also cooling, in the reactor of aqueous sulfuric acid suction in No. two reactors, stir and insulation after, add the reagent neutralization, freezing, centrifugal, dry 2-deoxyglucose crude product;
(3) the crude product recrystallization is got finished product: promptly get crude product and add in another reactor, add dehydrated alcohol, heating for dissolving, the cooling, add the gac press filtration to reactor, cool off, dry 2-deoxyglucose finished product.
Its chemical equation is as follows:
In the reaction that generates D-glucal (III); D-acetylated glucal and anhydrous methanol, mole ratio be 1: 20-1: 100; with the mole ratio of sodium methylate be 1: 0.005-1: 0.05; the preferred mole ratio of D-acetylated glucal and anhydrous methanol, sodium methylate is 1: 56: 0.02; sodium methylate can be bought commercially available, but preferably existing with now doing.
In the reaction that generates 2-deoxyglucose (I); the volumetric molar concentration of the vitriol oil can be from 0.01M-2M; but temperature will be accordingly from high to low (50 ℃--5 ℃); the consumption of aqueous sulfuric acid is decided with the D-acetylated glucal; its mole ratio can be 150: 1-75: 1, and preferably mole ratio is 100: 1.
In the reaction that generates D-glucal (III), temperature of reaction is 20 ℃-65 ℃, reaction times 24-4 hour, adopts higher temperature of reaction to shorten the reaction times accordingly.
In the reaction that generates 2-deoxyglucose (I), if adopt higher vitriolic concentration, its temperature of reaction should be below 5 ℃.
In the aftertreatment that generates D-glucal (III), the used reagent of neutralization reaction is sodium hydroxide or yellow soda ash, is preferably sodium hydroxide, and PH is controlled between 6.8~7.3, in and the time temperature can not surpass temperature of reaction.
The recrystallization of producing crude product and crude product from reaction solution all adopts conventional method, but two-step crystallization must be as cold as below-5 ℃ and keep 24 hours.
Preparation method of the present invention had both saved the process of separation of intermediates D-glucal (III), had avoided more highly toxic barium salt again, had both reduced and had produced this, had improved quality product and yield again, and its yield reaches 71.4%, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Four, embodiment
Come further to understand characteristics of the present invention and effect with the following Examples:
In the 500L reactor, add 60kg D-acetylated glucal, anhydrous methanol 400L, stirring and dissolving slowly adds the 400g sodium Metal 99.5, and reacting liquid pH value is about about 10, and control reaction temperature was 25 ℃ of insulations 12 hours.Insulation finishes, and opens the vacuum pump underpressure distillation, adds entry 400kg in another 500L reactor, vitriol oil 10kg, stir logical cool brine cooling, cool the temperature to 0 ℃, the distillation of 500L reactor finishes, get the D-glucal, material vacuum in the 500L reactor is drawn in the 500L reactor of sulfuric acid water, stirs insulation 12 hours, temperature is controlled at insulation end between-2~5 ℃, the neutralization of hydro-oxidation sodium is about adjust pH to 7.0.Neutralization finishes, and adds gac 10KG, is warming up to 70 ℃ of insulations 2 hours, and insulation finishes, press filtration is to the 500L reactor, and vacuum pump is driven in vacuum distilling, heats up to stir distillation, temperature in the kettle is controlled at 70 ℃, and distillation finishes, and is cooled to 50 ℃, adds dehydrated alcohol 200L heating for dissolving.Temperature rises to boiling reflux, and insulation is to molten entirely, adds gac 5kg after molten entirely.Be incubated 1 hour, cold slightly, press filtration is to crystallization kettle, and it is freezing to feed icy salt solution in the crystallization kettle chuck, temperature control-5 ℃, freezing 24 hours, with centrifugal refrigerated material, dry 28KG2-deoxyglucose crude product.
Get crude product and put into the 500L stainless steel cauldron, add dehydrated alcohol 200L, heating for dissolving, it is transparent that solution is, about 50 ℃ of water cooling temperature.Add gac 3KG, be heated to backflow.Stop heating, cold slightly, press filtration is to crystallization kettle.Crystallization kettle chuck feeding icy salt solution is freezing, and-5 ℃, freezing 24 hours centrifugal, and oven dry gets 23KG2-deoxyglucose finished product, yield 71.4%.