CN1796296A - Method and equipment for oil-water separation - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of oil-water separation method and device. The method of the present invention is based on energization seawater by electromagnetic force in the magnetic field vertical with it

The principle of effect, into each energization in electromagnetic fluid split tunnel electric field and the oil and sea water mixing liquid in magnetic field interaction area the seawater micelle electromagnetic force downward by direction and be pressed down against, the oil droplet in seawater is set to be floated upwards by contrary buoyancy effect equal in magnitude, collect in seawater upper layer, make water-oil separating upper layer and lower layer, parts company with each other at separation channel outlet. Using the device of the invention, there are two types of constituted modes: one, plate electrode pair in helix tube type superconducting magnet, tubular electromagnetic fluid split tunnel and built-in channel pipe; Two, saddle the two poles of the earth superconducting magnet, tubular electromagnetic fluid split tunnel and built-in channel pipe annular electrode pair. Ascent rate 1~2 order of magnitude bigger than the ascent rate generated due to grease difference in specific gravity that electromagnetic force of the present invention under design conditions separates oil with seawater.

Description

A kind of oil-water separation method and device

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of oil-water separation method and device of smeary sea water, particularly a kind of oil-water separation method and device that utilizes electromagnetic fluid power.

Background technology

The operation of seagoing vessel and marine oil spill accident produce a large amount of greasy dirt cabin water and smeary sea water, to environment, may cause serious pollution.No matter, from environmental protection and energy-conservation needs, all expect rapidly and efficiently oily water separation to be reclaimed.One of existing oil-water separation method is Magnet Treatment, and to the porous magnetic material grains that scatters oleophylic in smeary sea water, absorption is mixed in the greasy dirt in seawater, then magnetic substance particle is collected, and makes greasy dirt separated with seawater; Two of method is the oil slick distribution oil dispersants to sea, due to the effect of oil dispersant, the oil film on sea is separated into the colloidal particle combining with dispersion agent, sinks to below sea, with its diffusion of drifting about, makes greasy dirt separated with seawater.These two kinds of methods all will, to the material that drops into a large amount of adsorbed oil in smeary sea water, all may cause new secondary pollution to environment.

Chinese patent 02142835.2 discloses a kind of method and apparatus of recovering float oil on sea by magnetic fluid power.This method as shown in Figure 5, is to utilize mhd thruster as a kind of single flow electromagnetic pump, and it is different from common water pump, there is no rotary blade, and it adopts rectangle two utmost point magnets 502 and rectangle magnetic fluid to advance passage 501, field direction flow to (horizontal direction) with seawater and intersect vertically, and plate electrode is to the electric current between 503

direction and seawater flow to vertical, the while also with field direction vertically, both act on generation electromagnetic force

direction flows to identical with seawater.Seawater is subject to the electromagnetic force consistent with flow direction and promotes in magnetic fluid propelling passage 501, flow abreast, supercharging, simultaneously by the viscous force between seawater and oil reservoir, drive the oil slick 504 on seawater upper strata to move together, in the flowing of supercharging, the stirring action that there is no common rotating machinery pump convection cell, so can not be uniformly mixed seawater and oil slick, guaranteed that smeary sea water is leaving magnetic fluid propelling passage, enter after oily water separation oil resistance snail, under the effect of the water oil ratio method of double differences, can realize soon oily water separation and reclaim.Therefore, in this patented technology, the major impetus of oily water separation is not magneto hydrodynamic itself, remains the buoyancy that the difference in specific gravity between oil and seawater produces.This method needn't drop into additional substance in smeary sea water, but it is mainly the oily water separation recovery that is applicable to oil slick, and it is mixed mutually with seawater not to be suitable for oil, and oil is mixed in seawater with oil droplet state, the smeary sea water that is even emulsification shape, such as the oily water separation of a large amount of greasy dirt cabin water.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to overcome the defect of prior art, a kind of method and apparatus that is applicable to the oily water separation of the mutually mixed smeary sea water of oil droplet and seawater is provided.The power of the separated profit of the present invention is mainly electromagnetic force, and electromagnetic force separating force is far longer than the separating force of oil and the poor generation of sea water specific gravity.Be specially adapted to the separated oil droplet smeary sea water mutually mixed with seawater, such as greasy dirt cabin water.

The technical characteristics of electromagnetic fluid oil-water separation method of the present invention is to utilize the effect of electromagnetic force to make oily water separation.Based on energising

seawater is in the magnetic field vertical with it in be subject to electromagnetic force

the principle of (lorentz's force-Loreentz Force) effect, by Fu Laiming (Fleming ' s Left-Hand Rule) left-hand rule $({\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{F}}_{\mathrm{MHD}}=\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{I}\×\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{B}),$ Suitably selected

with

direction, make produced electromagnetic force

direction is downward.This electromagnetic force is a kind of body force that acts on seawater, flowing in the oil of interaction area in electromagnetic fluid split tunnel electric field and magnetic field and sea water mixing liquid stream the seawater micelle of each energising can be subject to the downward electromagnetic force of direction and push downwards, therefore the buoyancy effect that makes oil droplet in seawater be subject to opposite sign but equal magnitude is upwards floated, make oil droplet be gathered in the upper strata of liquid stream, seawater is gathered in the lower floor of liquid stream, in electric field and exit, magnetic field interaction district, oil is just parted company with each other with seawater, thereby realizes the object of oily water separation.

Electromagnetic fluid oily-water seperating equipment of the present invention is mainly comprised of the superconducting magnet of horizontal positioned and the electrode pair that is placed in the electromagnetic fluid split tunnel in superconducting magnetic body temperature hole and is placed in electromagnetic fluid split tunnel.The field direction of superconducting magnet is vertical with the direction of electrode pair (being also the sense of current), selected the meeting by Fleming's left-hand rule of field direction and electrode positive and negative electrode (being also the sense of current), makes the electromagnetic force of its generation ${\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{F}}_{\mathrm{MHD}}=\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{I}\×\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{B}$ The requirement that direction is downward.

Superconducting magnet can adopt solenoid type superconducting magnet or two polar form superconducting magnets, but electromagnetic fluid power split tunnel with matching and electrode pair have different structure formation; Axial when adopting solenoid type superconducting magnet to produce, during the magnetic field consistent with seawater horizontal flow direction, for the seawater micelle that makes to switch on is subject to downward electromagnetic force, side plate electrode pair vertically in electromagnetic fluid power split tunnel, presses ${\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{F}}_{\mathrm{MHD}}=\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{I}\×\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{B}$ Rule, suitably selected with

direction, can obtain the electromagnetic force of downward effect; When adopting the two poles of the earth superconducting magnet to produce the horizontal i.e. magnetic field vertical with marine stream direction, in electromagnetic fluid power split tunnel, need the import and export of the action of a magnetic field section vertically that ring electrode pair is set, press equally ${\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{F}}_{\mathrm{MHD}}=\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{I}\×\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{B}$ Rule, can obtain the electromagnetic force of downward effect.Cold oil droplet does not have this downward electromagnetic force.Due to all extruding downwards of seawater micelle, make its oil droplet around obtain opposite sign but equal magnitude, the buoyancy upwards promoting simultaneously ${\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{F}}_{\mathrm{SMHD}}\≈-{\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{F}}_{\mathrm{MHD}},$ Analytical calculation shows, large 1～2 order of magnitude of ascent rate that this buoyancy producing due to electromagnetic force makes oil droplet ascent rate produce than difference in specific gravity between profit, therefore, can be more effectively promptly that oil is more separated with seawater.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 electromagnetic fluid oil-water separation method of the present invention and device schematic diagram, in figure: 101-electromagnetic fluid power split tunnel, 102-superconducting magnet, 104-oil droplet;

One of Fig. 2 a, Fig. 2 b are embodiment of the present invention schematic diagram, wherein Fig. 2 a is front view, Fig. 2 b is left view; In figure: 101-electromagnetic fluid power split tunnel, 202-superconducting solenoid magnet, 203-plate electrode pair;

Fig. 3 superconducting solenoid magnet Wen Kongzhong axis magnetic field schematic diagram;

Two schematic diagram that Fig. 4 a, Fig. 4 b are the embodiment of the present invention, wherein Fig. 4 a is front view, Fig. 4 b is left view; : 101 electromagnetic fluid power split tunnels, 402-saddle type the two poles of the earth superconducting magnet, 403-ring electrode pair;

The method and apparatus schematic diagram of the recovering float oil on sea by magnetic fluid power that Fig. 5 a, Fig. 5 b are prior art, wherein Fig. 5 a is front view, Fig. 5 b is left view; In figure: 501 magnetic fluids advance passage, 502 permanent magnetism dipolar, 503 plate electrodes pair, 504 oil slick;

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, further illustrate the present invention.

As shown in Figure 2, it comprises electromagnetic fluid power split tunnel 101 to embodiment 1, superconducting solenoid magnet 202, and plate electrode is to 203.Electromagnetic fluid power split tunnel 101 is round tube type pipeline, with non-magnetic electrically insulating material, makes.The central axis of electromagnetic fluid split tunnel 101 and the warm hole of solenoid type superconducting magnet 102 central axes, the interior zygomorphy of electromagnetic fluid split tunnel 101 is placed with pair of plates electrode 203; Superconducting solenoid magnet 202 horizontal positioned, as shown in Figure 3, magnetic field, central section, warm hole maximum is Bm to the exemplary distribution curve of the axial magnetic field B of its Wen Kongzhong, the B therefrom outer the right and left of mind-set is symmetrical and weaken gradually, gets B _l=(0.4～0.6) Bm part the right and left total length L _bfor magnetic field working zone.Electromagnetic fluid power split tunnel 101 is cylindrical conduit, with non-magnetic electrically insulating material, makes; Be positioned over the circular Wen Kongzhong of superconducting solenoid magnet 202, in the stage casing pipe of electromagnetic fluid power split tunnel 101, at superconducting solenoid magnet 202 magnetic field work acting section L _bin, there is pair of plates electrode pair 203 with axle parallel-sided (left and right is oppositely arranged), battery lead plate 203 is near electromagnetic fluid split tunnel 101 garden cylinder inwall, and the length L of battery lead plate 203 equals magnetic field working zone length L _b, it is H=(0.7～1.3) D*sin45 ° that the garden cylinder interior diameter D of its width H and electromagnetic fluid split tunnel closes, battery lead plate 203 materials are pickling metal titanium plate plating one deck platinum, are called titanium platinized electrode, electrode impressed current

from the seawater between electrode pair 203, pass through, the sense of current is horizontal direction, with axial magnetic field

intersect vertically.And magnetic field and direction of an electric field have two kinds of combinations, the electromagnetic force of generation ${\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{F}}_{\mathrm{MHD}}=\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{I}\×\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{B}$ Portion is vertically downward; Field direction from front to back, and flows to when identical in season, plate electrode between direction of an electric field from downbeam, see and should be set to point to left battery lead plate from right battery lead plate; Otherwise, in season field direction from back to front, when contrary with flow direction, plate electrode between direction of an electric field from downbeam, see and should be set to point to right battery lead plate from left battery lead plate.Selected by above-mentioned two kinds of combinations

with direction just can obtain downward electromagnetic force

this electromagnetic force is the body force that acts on seawater, the seawater micelle of i.e. all energisings is all subject to electromagnetic force, and moves downward and push, but oil droplet among seawater is non-conductive, be not subject to downward electromagnetic force, but because its seawater around moves downward and pushes, obtain buoyancy upwards

the size of this power equates with electromagnetic force, opposite direction.Therefore, at electromagnetic fluid power split tunnel 101 entrances, be uniformly distributed in the oil droplet 104 of seawater, by electromagnetic fluid power split tunnel 101 processes, be constantly subject to buoyancy effect is concentrated to upper strata, in the 101 outlet oily water separations of electromagnetic fluid power split tunnel, is two-layer, and upper strata is oil reservoir, and lower floor is seawater, and oil is parted company with each other with seawater.In oil water separation process, the speed of oil droplet floating is the important parameter that determines oily water separation, and the main formulas of the speed of analytical calculation oil droplet floating is expressed as follows: the separating force that oil droplet is subject to $f_{\mathrm{SMHD}}=\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{6}{\mathrm{jBd}}^3;$ The resistance that oil droplet floating is subject to $f_c=\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{2}{\mathrm{\ρ\υ}}^2{C}_D{d}^2;$ Oil droplet is subject to the ascent rate of electromagnetic separation power effect ${\mathrm{\υ}}_{\mathrm{MHD}}=\frac{1}{18\mathrm{\μ}}{\mathrm{jBd}}^2;$ Oil droplet is subject to the ascent rate of difference in specific gravity effect oil droplet diameter is d, the density p of oil ₀=960kg/m ³, sea water density ρ=1025kg/m ³, seawater coefficient of viscosity μ=1.09 * 10 ^-3ns/m ², j (A/m ²) be current density, C _dfor acting on the ratio of damping of oil droplet, the reduction coefficient that β is ascent rate, is taken as the correction factor that 0.95, is inhomogeneous turbulent flow conventionally, conventionally gets 1.35～1.5; When magneticstrength (B) is 10T, electrode pair current density is j=2000A/m ²time, for the oil droplet of diameter d=50 μ m and d=100 μ m, analytical calculation shows, due to the ascent rate υ of water oil ratio method of double differences generation _dbe respectively 0.06mm/s and 0.12mm/s, and the ascent rate υ obtaining due to electromagnetic fluid power _mHDbe respectively 2.5mm/s and 10mm/s, large 1～2 order of magnitude of ascent rate that this buoyancy producing due to electromagnetic force makes oil droplet ascent rate produce than difference in specific gravity between profit.And it is generally acknowledged, oil droplet diameter is less than 50 microns, be just difficult to the separation of difference in specific gravity method, and the separation of electricity consumption magneto hydrodynamic is very effective.

As shown in Figure 4, it comprises electromagnetic fluid power split tunnel 101 to embodiment 2, saddle type the two poles of the earth superconducting magnet 402, annular electrode pair 403.Electromagnetic fluid power split tunnel 101 is round tube type pipeline, with non-magnetic electrically insulating material, make, be positioned over the circular Wen Kongzhong of saddle type the two poles of the earth superconducting magnet 402, the central axes in the central axis of electromagnetic fluid split tunnel 101 and superconducting magnet 402 warm holes, saddle type the two poles of the earth; In electromagnetic fluid split tunnel 101, at the two ends in the action of a magnetic field interval, be provided with vertically a pair of annular electrode 403.Get B _l=(0.4～0.6) Bm part the right and left total length L _bfor magnetic field working zone.In electromagnetic fluid power split tunnel 101, two ends import and export with respect to working zone zone of action, above-mentioned magnetic field, be close to the electrode pair 403 that vias inner walls arranges annular, saddle type the two poles of the earth superconducting magnet 402 produces horizontal magnetic fields, and this transverse magnetic field is axially perpendicular with electromagnetic fluid split tunnel 101: with in electromagnetic fluid split tunnel 101 between two annular electrodes 403 electric field vertically vertical; In concrete enforcement, magnetic field and direction of an electric field have two kinds of combinations, the electromagnetic force producing ${\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{F}}_{\mathrm{MHD}}=\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{I}\×\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{B}$ Be all vertically downward, field direction sees it is from left to right time from downbeam in season, and between two ring electrodes, direction of an electric field is seen and should be set to from front to back from downbeam; Otherwise field direction sees it is from right to left time from downbeam in season, between two ring electrodes, direction of an electric field is seen and should be set to from back to front from downbeam; Selected by above-mentioned two kinds of combinations with

direction, make impressed current

from the seawater between electrode pair 403, flow through, the sense of current is horizontal axis direction, and intersects vertically with horizontal magnetic field, according to Fleming's left-hand rule, in energising seawater, produces downward electromagnetic force as embodiment 1 in like manner, due to electromagnetic fluid power, smeary sea water is able to promptly separated.

Claims (6)

1, an oil-water separation method, is characterized in that energising

seawater is in perpendicular magnetic field

in be subject to electromagnetic force effect, field direction is vertical with the sense of current, and field direction and the sense of current selected meets Fleming's left-hand rule (Fleming ' s Left-Hand Rule), makes the electromagnetic force of its generation ${\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{F}}_{\mathrm{MHD}}=\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{I}\×\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{B}$ Direction is downward; Flowing in the oil in electromagnetic fluid split tunnel electric field and magnetic field interaction district and sea water mixing liquid stream the seawater micelle of each energising is subject to the downward electromagnetic force of direction and pushes downwards, make the oil droplet in seawater be subject to upwards floating with the buoyancy effect of electromagnetic force opposite sign but equal magnitude, make oil droplet be gathered in the upper strata of liquid stream, seawater is gathered in the lower floor of liquid stream, at electric field and exit, magnetic field interaction district oil, just parts company with each other with seawater.

2, application rights requires the device of the oil-water separation method described in 1, it is characterized in that it is comprised of the superconducting magnet [102] of horizontal positioned and the electrode pair that is placed in the electromagnetic fluid split tunnel [101] in superconducting magnetic body temperature hole and is placed in electromagnetic fluid split tunnel; Electromagnetic fluid split tunnel [101] is cylindrical conduit, by non-magnetic electrically insulating material, is made; The field direction of superconducting magnet and the direction of electrode pair, the sense of current is vertical, and field direction and electrode positive and negative electrode are also that the selected of the sense of current meets by Fleming's left-hand rule, make the electromagnetic force of its generation ${\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{F}}_{\mathrm{MHD}}=\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{I}\×\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{B}$ Direction is downward.

3, oily-water seperating equipment according to claim 2, is characterized in that superconducting magnet [102] can be solenoid type superconducting magnet [202], and electrode pair is that plate-shaped electrode is to [203]; The central axis of electromagnetic fluid split tunnel [101] and the warm hole of solenoid type superconducting magnet [102] central axes, the interior zygomorphy of electromagnetic fluid split tunnel [101] is placed with pair of plates electrode [203]; Plate electrode [203] length L equals the effective working zone length L in magnetic field _b, it is 45 ° of H=(0.7～1.3) D*sin that the garden cylinder interior diameter D of the width H of plate electrode [203] and electromagnetic fluid split tunnel [101] closes.

4, according to the oily-water seperating equipment described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that solenoid type superconducting magnet [202] produces axial magnetic field at its Wen Kongzhong, this axial magnetic field is passed through along electromagnetic fluid split tunnel [101], and and electromagnetic fluid split tunnel [101] in direction of an electric field between two plate electrodes [203] perpendicular; Magnetic field and direction of an electric field have two kinds of combinations, the electromagnetic force of generation ${\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{F}}_{\mathrm{MHD}}=\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{I}\×\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{B}$ All vertically downward, in season field direction with flow to when identical, plate electrode is seen and should be set to point to left battery lead plate from right battery lead plate from downbeam direction of an electric field between [203]; When field direction is contrary with flow direction in season, plate electrode between direction of an electric field from downbeam, see and should be set to point to right battery lead plate from left battery lead plate.

5, according to the device of oil-water separation method claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that superconducting magnet [102] can be saddle type the two poles of the earth superconducting magnets [402], electrode pair is annular electrode pair [403]; The central axes in the central axis of electromagnetic fluid split tunnel [101] and the warm hole of saddle type the two poles of the earth superconducting magnets [402]; In electromagnetic fluid split tunnel [101], at the two ends in the action of a magnetic field interval, be provided with vertically a pair of annular electrode [403].

6, according to the oily-water seperating equipment described in claim 2 or 5, it is characterized in that saddle type the two poles of the earth superconducting magnets [402] produce horizontal magnetic field, this transverse magnetic field is axially perpendicular with electromagnetic fluid split tunnel [101]: with in electromagnetic fluid split tunnel [101] between two annular electrodes [403] electric field vertically vertical; And magnetic field and direction of an electric field have two kinds of combinations, the electromagnetic force of generation ${\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{F}}_{\mathrm{MHD}}=\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{I}\×\stackrel{\mathrm{\ω}}{B}$ Portion is vertically downward, and when field direction is seen from left to right from downbeam in season, between two ring electrodes, direction of an electric field is seen and is set to from front to back from downbeam; Otherwise while making field direction see from right to left from downbeam, between two ring electrodes, direction of an electric field is seen and is set to from back to front from downbeam.

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