CN1794567B - 具有模拟和数字激励的压控振荡器电路 - Google Patents

具有模拟和数字激励的压控振荡器电路 Download PDF

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CN1794567B
CN1794567B CN200510138030.XA CN200510138030A CN1794567B CN 1794567 B CN1794567 B CN 1794567B CN 200510138030 A CN200510138030 A CN 200510138030A CN 1794567 B CN1794567 B CN 1794567B
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voltage
controlled oscillator
oscillator circuit
comparator
vco
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CN1794567A (zh
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G·利普马
D·法姆-施泰布纳
G·施泰布纳
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Intel Deutschland GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
    • H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
    • H03B5/1228—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the amplifier comprising one or more field effect transistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
    • H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
    • H03B5/1206—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification
    • H03B5/1212—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification the amplifier comprising a pair of transistors, wherein an output terminal of each being connected to an input terminal of the other, e.g. a cross coupled pair
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
    • H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
    • H03B5/1237—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator
    • H03B5/124—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance
    • H03B5/1243—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance the means comprising voltage variable capacitance diodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
    • H03B2200/003—Circuit elements of oscillators
    • H03B2200/0048—Circuit elements of oscillators including measures to switch the frequency band, e.g. by harmonic selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
    • H03B2200/003—Circuit elements of oscillators
    • H03B2200/005—Circuit elements of oscillators including measures to switch a capacitor

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  • Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)

Abstract

VCO电路(20)具有线圈(21)以及与其并联的恒定电容(24)和可调节的电容元件(22，23)。通过其电容能够由模拟调节电压(Vtune)来调节的一个或多个变抗器形成第一电容元件(22)，而通过包括由数字位字VCWD[N:1]来激励的多个电容的结构形成第二电容元件(23)。针对VCO(20)的数字校准通过确定当前调节电压是否在特定的电压范围内来执行，并且，如果不是这种情况，则将数字位字增加或减少位值。

Description

具有模拟和数字激励的压控振荡器电路
技术领域
本发明涉及一种压控振荡器电路。
背景技术
现今，大量的电子电路使用压控振荡器(VCO)。一个特别重要的应用领域是移动通信，其中，为了以高稳定性和精确度产生输出频率，在锁相环电路内使用压控振荡器。
现今，针对片上系统(SOC)应用的最重要的芯片工艺是CMOS工艺。这种工艺的临界尺寸的连续减小也伴随着电源电压的减小。然而，模拟电路工艺与针对数字电路所执行的这种缩放不兼容。如果利用电路尺寸缩放电源电压，则VCO电路中的最大损害是减小调谐范围。这意味着仅能够覆盖较小的频率范围，这导致了大量生产由于工艺容差和温度变化引起的问题。
为了能够覆盖所希望的频率范围，现有技术中已知的VCO概念通常利用具有大调谐范围的变容二极管。图1是基于现有技术的压控振荡器电路10的示意图。该LC谐振电路包括在一条电路路径中所配置的线圈元件1.1和1.2以及与该条电路路径并联的电路路径中所配置的变抗器2.1和2.2。该变抗器2.1和2.2为随电压变化的电容元件，其中在特别指定的范围内通过被供给所述电容元件的相应的电源输入的模拟电压信号Vtune可变地调节电容。从而，由电感线圈元件1.1和1.2以及变抗器2.1和2.2形成谐振器。具有交叉耦合栅极的两个晶体筒3.1和3.2确保经由正反馈的必需的环形增益(ring gain)。来自VCO振荡器的输出电压信号在输出A和B处得到。
确定VCO电路的工作频率范围的变抗器2.1和2.2的电容范围需要被设计，使得容差也导致来自起始的温度和过程容差的影响。然而，由于以下事实，即在具有0.13μm的临界尺寸的亚微米CMOS工艺中，例如，缩放电源电压、即减小电源电压，从而所描述的传统的VCO概念具有特定的缺点。一个缺点是，由于较低的电源电压同样减小该VCO电路中的调谐范围。由于变容二极管的电容比Cmax/Cmin几乎保持恒定，输出频率的调谐范围也被减小，因此减小电源电压。因此采取适当的措施来确保VCO电路在整个所希望频率范围上全部执行是必需的，同时考虑生产容差和温度变化。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是规定一种压控振荡器电路，该压控振荡器电路具有即使在减小的电源电压上也具有足够大的输出频率的调谐范围。
通过提供一种这样的压控振荡器电路来实现本发明的目的。该压控振荡器电路具有：至少一个感应元件，至少一个第一电容元件，其具有随电压变化的电容并且能够通过模拟调节电压(Vtune)来激励，第二电容元件的结构，其能够借助利用数字位字(VCWD[N:1])的激励来配置，控制装置，其规定当前模拟调节电压是否在指定的电压范围内，并根据该结果，将数字位字保留在当前值或增加或减小位值，所述控制装置包括在第一输入处供给所述当前调节电压并在第二输入处供给指定电压的上限或下限值的比较器，所述控制装置进一步包括参考电压源，所述参考电压源包括两个输出端子分别用于输出所述指定电压范围的上限值和所述指定电压的下限值，其中所述比较器的所述第二输出与一开关相关，该开关能够与所述参考电压源的两个输出端子中的一个开关可控地相连.有利的改进和改善为从属权利要求的主题.
根据类属型，本发明的压控振荡器电路具有至少一个感应元件和至少一个第一电容元件，该第一电容元件具有随电压变化的电容并且能够通过模拟调节电压来激励。该压控振荡器电路也具有能够借助利用数字位字(digital bit word)的激励来配置的第二电容元件的结构。
从而，本发明提供一种借助利用数字位字的激励来调谐压控振荡器电路的方法。
在该上下文中，以其本身已知的方式，为要提供具有随电压变化的电容的多个第一电容元件作好准备。通过变抗器或变容二极管来提供这些。
在并联的多个电容元件、诸如电容器中，可以提供第二电容元件的结构。该结构可以部分与感应元件并联并且与第一电容元件并联。第二电容元件具有相同量级的电容值。该结构可以通过数字位字来激励，使得，根据位位置被设置为0或1，借助该位位置所寻址的电容通过开关被连接或断开。
在压控振荡器电路的一个优选实施例中，后者另外包括控制装置，该控制装置规定供给变抗器的当前模拟调节电压是否在指定电压范围内。根据这个结果，控制装置或者将供给第二电容元件的结构的数字位字保留在当前值或者增加或减少一位。为了该目的，控制装置包括在第一输入处供给当前调节电压并在第二输入处供给指定电压范围的上限值或下限值的比较器。
压控振荡器电路通常为锁相环的部分。VCO的数字控制在各种情况中或锁相环或传输/接收电路的操作的不同时期被执行。整个可调节频率范围被分成多个组，每一组包括特定数量的传输或接收通道。然后，在起动传输或接收操作之前，对于每一组中的每个通道首先执行数字控制。无论何时执行数字控制，首先等待具有当前VCO设置的锁相环的锁定时间结束，并且然后校正过的数字位字被确定和存储。然后，当传输/接收设备稍后改变成有源传输或接收模式时，特定频率通道的选择分别包括来自寄存器的被称为相应的所存储的数字位字并且供给VCO。
附图说明
下面结合附图利用示例性实施例更详细地解释本发明，其中：
图1示出了传统的压控LC电路；
图2示出了本发明的、具有数字电容阵列和模拟控制的变抗器的压控LC电路的示例性实施例；
图3示出了参考电压的生成及将参考电压和调节电压中的一个输入到比较器中的示例性实施例；以及
图4示出了说明数字控制的流程的流程图的示例性实施例。
具体实施方式
图2示出了本发明的压控振荡器电路(VCO)20的示例性实施例.电流源25的输入被连接到电源电压VDD，而其输出被连接到线圈21.线圈21与具有恒定电容的电容器24及与分别具有可变电容的可激励电容元件22和23并联.线圈21和电容元件22至24形成LC谐振电路.与这些电路元件并联并具有交叉耦合栅极的晶体管25和26确保通过正反馈的必需的环形增益.
由模拟调节电压Vtune激励的电容元件22包括一个或多个变抗器、也就是具有随电压变化的电容的电容器。电容元件23是由数字位字VCWD[N:1]来激励的电容器的结构或阵列。例如，包括在其中的电容器具有标准指定电容值，并且能够单独地逐位激励。举例来说，将数字位字增加一位允许电容被连接，而将数字位字减小一位来断开电容。
调节电压的有限的调谐范围意味着，VCO电路需要在转换到有源传输或接收模式之前相对中频来控制和对准。可替换地，为在操作模式期间要提供的正在进行的VCO的控制和对准作好准备。由VCO所覆盖的频率范围被划分为多个组，例如，每个组包括八个频率通道。
VCO的数字调节或校准基于每个在频率范围内要调节的频率的调节电压需要在所定义的电压范围内的想法。这意味着，为了比较当前使用的调节电压和所定义的频率范围的上限或下限值，可以使用比较器。根据比较结果，数字位字VCWD[N:1]被增加或减小一位。
图3示出了两个参考电压的生成和与调节电压相比较的方框图。该电路被用于检查当前调节电压是否在指定的电压窗口内。为此，两个参考电压Vref，low(下窗口限值)和Vref，high(上窗口限值)从带隙电路30和下游参考电压电路31中产生。来自参考电压电路31的这些参考电压是通常典型地为特定VCO的频率值。根据开关的位置，两个参考电压之一被输入到比较器32的第一输入，而当前调节电压Vtune被输入到比较器32的第二输入。实施控制，使得，VCO为其部分的锁相环(PLL)锁定，并且当针对PLL的锁定或调节时间已消逝时，调节或调谐电压连续地与参考电压值Vref，low和Vref，high相比较。如果调谐电压在电压窗口内，则完成控制并且对准该VCO。如果调谐电压高于Vref，high或低于Vref，low，则电容阵列23通过数字位字来增加或减少电容值。
图4示出了控制的流程的示意性流程图。如果其中的值VCOMUX等于1，则调谐电压与上限参考电压值相比较，并且如果值VCOMUX＝0，那么调谐电压与下限参考电压值相比较。值VCOADJComp是来自比较器的输出值。执行下面的调节算法：
1.设置针对PLL的锁定或调节时间。
2.将参考电压调节到下限或上限参考电压值(借助图3中的开关位置)。
3.选择所希望的中频MidFreq和相关的组数GroupNo。
4.起动校准：基于锁定时间来设置内部计数器。
5.当计数器到达值“0”时，PLL已经锁定该信号并且通过数字部分读取比较器输出。根据所比较的电压值(参考步骤2)，VCWD[N:1]被增加或减小一位值。计数器再次被载入锁定时间。比较器输出一表示极限值已经被超越或未达到预定点，参考电压就被改变为其他的极限值。
6.重复最后的步骤，直到所希望的调谐电压在电压窗口内。
7.VCWD[N:1]的最后值被存储在关联的寄存器中。
对于每一组中的每个通道执行上述序列.在有源操作模式下，对于每个所希望的通道，在激励PLL之前，数字位字VCWD[N:1]的校正值被应用到VCO.

Claims (4)

1.压控振荡器电路(20)，具有：
-至少一个感应元件(21)，
-至少一个第一电容元件(22)，其具有随电压变化的电容并且能够通过模拟调节电压(Vtune)来激励，
-第二电容元件(23)的结构，其能够借助利用数字位字(VCWD[N:1])的激励来配置，
-控制装置(30-32)，其规定当前模拟调节电压是否在指定电压范围内，并根据该结果，将数字位字保留在当前值或增加或减小位值，所述控制装置包括在第一输入处被提供有所述当前调节电压并在第二输入处被提供有所述指定电压范围的上限或下限值的比较器(32)，所述控制装置包括参考电压源(31)，所述参考电压源(31)包括两个输出端子分别用于输出所述指定电压范围的上限值和所述指定电压范围的下限值，其中所述比较器(32)的所述第二输入与一开关相关，该开关能够与所述参考电压源(31)的两个输出端子之一开关可控地相连；以及
-内部计数器，被配置为在读取所述比较器(32)输出之前载入锁定时间并计数到零。
2.根据权利要求1所述的压控振荡器电路，
其特征在于
-提供具有随电压变化的电容的多个第一电容元件(22)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的压控振荡器电路，
其特征在于
-通过变抗器来提供电容元件(22)。
4.具有根据权利要求1所述的压控振荡器电路的锁相环(PLL)。
CN200510138030.XA 2004-12-13 2005-12-12 具有模拟和数字激励的压控振荡器电路 Expired - Fee Related CN1794567B (zh)

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US7301411B2 (en) 2007-11-27
CN1794567A (zh) 2006-06-28
US20060152292A1 (en) 2006-07-13
DE102004059987A1 (de) 2006-06-14
JP2006174455A (ja) 2006-06-29
DE102004059987B4 (de) 2010-09-30

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