CN1792445A - Nanometer, composite semiconductor photocatalyst, and its prepn. method - Google Patents
Nanometer, composite semiconductor photocatalyst, and its prepn. method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1792445A CN1792445A CN 200510061719 CN200510061719A CN1792445A CN 1792445 A CN1792445 A CN 1792445A CN 200510061719 CN200510061719 CN 200510061719 CN 200510061719 A CN200510061719 A CN 200510061719A CN 1792445 A CN1792445 A CN 1792445A
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Abstract
A nano-class semiconductor-type composite catalyst is a semiconductor nano-particle consisting of the sulfide or selenide as core and the coated TiO2 layer as shell. Its preparing process includes such steps as preparing high-dispersity cadmium sulfide (or selenide) nano-particles by wet chemical method and surfactant modifying, ultrasonic hydrolysis of the organic alkoxide of Ti to obtain TiO2, and physical combination between TiO2 and codmium sulfide (or selenide) nano-particles. It has high photocatalytic activity and stability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the semiconductor complex, relate in particular to the titanium dioxide parcel sulfide of nucleocapsid structure or the nanometer, composite semiconductor photocatalyst and the preparation method of selenides.
Background technology
In recent decades, nanometer, composite semiconductor is the focus of research always, especially the second class nanometer, composite semiconductor, its energy level feature is that one of them semi-conductive energy band and valence band all are higher than another semi-conductive can being with and valence band in the complex, under the exciting of external light source, the electronics relaxation that is excited on the little semiconductor conduction band of energy gap is to the conduction band of wide bandgap semiconductor, in like manner, under the effect in outfield, the positive charge hole also is enriched on the valence band of low-gap semiconductor.Obviously the photoelectric properties that this space charge that is caused by special band structure is isolated for the improvement material are very helpful.This based semiconductor complex is more common CdSe/ZnS, CdS/TiO
2, CdS/ZnO, CdS/AgI, Cd
3P
2/ TiO
2, Cd
3P
2-ZnO, CdTe/CdSe, GaSb/GaAs, CdSe/ZnTe and ZnO/ZnS etc., but the photocatalysis performance of above-mentioned complex is not good, and heat endurance is relatively poor.The general sol-gel process that adopts, the microemulsion method preparation.
Phonochemistry be the ultrasonic and interaction between substances of emerging in recent years research particularly energy interaction cause a subject of chemical action.Study the ultrasonic effect of bringing into play in preparation nano material process is a focus in this field always.From the achievement in research of recent years, ultrasonicly play unique effect at aspects such as preparation amorphous nano material, hole, boundary nano material, biological nano ball and nanometer surface modifications.
For a long time, nanometer titanium dioxide compound photocatalyst has become and has improved the photocatalysis quantum efficiency, expand a kind of effective measures of the response wave length scope of photochemical catalyst, but the photostability of this type of complex photochemical catalyst, the energy transfer efficiency of heat endurance and sensitizer (being the catalytic capability under the visible light) all has much room for improvement.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide that a kind of micro-structural is good, the nanometer, composite semiconductor photocatalyst of good stability, photocatalysis performance excellence and preparation method thereof.
Nanometer, composite semiconductor photocatalyst of the present invention is characterized in that it is the composite semiconductor nano particle of titanium dioxide parcel sulfide or selenides.Its particle grain size scope is 30～50nm.
The preparation method of nanometer, composite semiconductor photocatalyst, employing be the phonochemistry preparation method, its step is as follows:
1) inorganic salts, water and the anion surfactant of cadmium are mixed in molar ratio at 1～2: 10～40: 1, selenides or sulfide are added drop-wise in the above-mentioned mixed solution lentamente, the mole dosage of selenides or sulfide is identical with the inorganic salts consumption of cadmium, stir and regulation system pH to 4～7, under 60～90 ℃ of temperature, continue to be stirred to system by colourless gradually for orange, cleaning, separation, drying obtain cadmium sulfide or cadmium selenide nano powder;
2) the organic alkoxide 1: 1 in molar ratio～3 with above-mentioned cadmium sulfide or cadmium selenide nano powder and titanium is blended in the organic solvent, and ultrasonic processing 2～3h under 60～90 ℃ of conditions regulates and control ultrasonic face power to 800～1000W/cm
2, fixed-frequency 20KHz obtains light yellow suspension, and cleaning, separation, drying obtain titanium dioxide parcel sulfide and selenides nanometer, composite semiconductor photocatalyst.
In order to improve the activity of photochemical catalyst, the further feature of the present invention is that the titanium oxide parcel sulfide that will obtain and selenides nanometer, composite semiconductor photocatalyst are at 150～400 ℃ of following vacuum heat or glass-encapsulated post processing 1～3h.
Among the present invention, the inorganic salts of said cadmium can be cadmium nitrate, cadmium sulfate or cadmium phosphate.Said anion surfactant can be calgon or dodecyl sodium sulfate.Selenides can be sodium selenide, potassium selenide or calcium selenide.Sulfide can be vulcanized sodium, potassium sulfide or calcium sulfide.Organic alkoxide of titanium can be butyl titanate or titanium tetrachloride.Organic solvent can adopt absolute ethyl alcohol or toluene.
Mol ratio or ultrasonic time and the power thickness that can regulate titanium dioxide shell of the present invention by changing presoma.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1. titanium dioxide wraps up cadmium sulfide or cadmium selenide nano semiconductor complex, expanded the response wave length scope of photochemical catalyst, suppressed the compound of electronics-hole, thereby improved the life-span that participates in the surface voids of light-catalyzed reaction, improve the catalytic efficiency of catalyst, simultaneously, improved the stability of complex because titanium dioxide has suppressed the photetching effect to the coating effect of cadmium sulfide.
2. be aided with surfactant-modifiedly in the preparation process of the present invention, improved dispersiveness; Utilizing instantaneous localized hyperthermia high pressure that the ultrasonic cavitation effect produces and the microjet with powerful impulsive force to promote chemical reaction and cenotype to form, suppress crystal grain reunites and grows up.
3. realized controlling the thickness of titanium dioxide shell by the parameter of regulating ultrasonic radiation;
4. the nano complex uniformity of phonochemistry preparation, the smooth defective of surfacing is few.
The specific embodiment
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The 6-sodium metaphosphate of 0.03Mol cadmium nitrate, 1.2Mol deionized water, 0.03Mol is mixed, the vulcanized sodium of 0.03Mol is added drop-wise in the above-mentioned mixed solution lentamente, and vigorous stirring, mixeding liquid temperature to 80 ℃ is regulated in water-bath, stir after 30 minutes, adding rare nitric acid accent pH value is 5, and it is yellowish to orange that former clear liquid gradually changes.
Resultant colloidal sol high speed centrifugation is separated (16000rpm), and three deionizations are washed follow-up three alcohol and are washed, and 50 ℃ of dryings of vacuum 24 hours obtain the cadmium sulfide nano powder.
0.01Mol cadmium sulfide nano powder being distributed in the 30mL absolute ethyl alcohol, behind the stirring 30min this container being put into 90 ℃ of water-baths, is that 20kHz face power is 100W/cm with frequency
2The probe of ultrasonic generator immerse in the suspension.Simultaneously 0.01Mol butyl titanate (analyzing pure) is dissolved in the 30mL absolute ethyl alcohol, stir 30min, rapidly with this injection of solution in cadmium sulfide suspension, ultrasonic 2 hours, centrifugation, clean, dry obtains light yellow titanium dioxide parcel cadmium sulfide nano composite semiconductor particle.Grain diameter is 30～50nm.
The test analysis of visible light photocatalytic degradation methyl orange shows, this titanium dioxide parcel cadmium sulfide nano semiconductor complex dispersive property excellence, and photocatalysis performance has improved about 300% than the cadmium sulfide nano semiconductor, and stability is good.
Embodiment 2
The dodecyl sodium sulfate of 0.03Mol cadmium sulfate, 1Mol deionized water, 0.03Mol is mixed, the potassium sulfide of 0.03Mol is added drop-wise in the above-mentioned mixed solution lentamente, and vigorous stirring, mixeding liquid temperature to 80 ℃ is regulated in water-bath, stir after 30 minutes, adding rare nitric acid accent pH value is 4, and it is yellowish to orange that former clear liquid gradually changes.
Resultant colloidal sol high speed centrifugation is separated (16000rpm), and three deionizations are washed follow-up three alcohol and are washed, and 50 ℃ of dryings of vacuum 24 hours obtain the cadmium sulfide nano powder.
0.01Mol cadmium sulfide nano powder being distributed in the 30mL toluene, behind the stirring 30min this container being put into 90 ℃ of water-baths, is 1000W/cm with frequency for the 20kHz power density
2The probe of ultrasonic generator immerse in the suspension.Simultaneously 0.02Mol butyl titanate (analyzing pure) is dissolved in the 30mL absolute ethyl alcohol, stirs 30min, rapidly with this injection of solution in cadmium sulfide suspension, ultrasonic 3 hours, centrifugation, clean, dry, obtain light yellow titanium dioxide parcel cadmium sulfide nano composite semiconductor particle.Grain diameter is 30～50nm.
The titanium oxide that obtains is wrapped up sulfide nanometer, composite semiconductor particle at 200 ℃ of following vacuum heat 1h.
The test analysis of visible light photocatalytic degradation methyl orange shows, this titanium dioxide parcel cadmium sulfide nano semiconductor complex dispersive property excellence, and photocatalysis performance has improved about 300% than the cadmium sulfide nano semiconductor, and stability is good.
Embodiment 3
The dodecyl sodium sulfate of 0.03Mol cadmium nitrate, 0.3Mol deionized water, 0.015Mol is mixed, the potassium selenide of 0.03Mol is added drop-wise in the above-mentioned mixed solution lentamente, and vigorous stirring, mixeding liquid temperature to 80 ℃ is regulated in water-bath, stir after 30 minutes, adding rare nitric acid accent pH value is 4, and it is yellowish to orange that former clear liquid gradually changes.
Resultant colloidal sol high speed centrifugation is separated (16000rpm), and three deionizations are washed follow-up three alcohol and are washed, and 50 ℃ of dryings of vacuum 24 hours obtain the cadmium selenide nano powder.
0.01Mol cadmium selenide nano powder being distributed in the 30mL absolute ethyl alcohol, behind the stirring 30min this container being put into 70 ℃ of water-baths, is 800W/cm with frequency for the 20kHz power density
2The probe of ultrasonic generator immerse in the suspension.Simultaneously 0.03Mol titanium tetrachloride (analyzing pure) is dissolved in the 30mL absolute ethyl alcohol, stirs 30min, rapidly with this injection of solution in cadmium sulfide suspension, ultrasonic 2.5 hours, centrifugation was cleaned, drying obtains light yellow titanium dioxide parcel cadmium selenide nano composite semiconductor particle.Grain diameter is 30～50nm.
The test analysis of visible light photocatalytic degradation methyl orange shows, this titanium dioxide parcel cadmium selenide nano semiconductor complex dispersive property excellence, and photocatalysis performance has improved about 250% than the cadmium sulfide nano semiconductor, and stability is good.
Embodiment 4
The 6-sodium metaphosphate of 0.03Mol cadmium nitrate, 1Mol deionized water, 0.02Mol is mixed, the calcium selenide of 0.03Mol is added drop-wise in the above-mentioned mixed solution lentamente, and vigorous stirring, mixeding liquid temperature to 80 ℃ is regulated in water-bath, stir after 30 minutes, adding rare nitric acid accent pH value is 7, and it is yellowish to orange that former clear liquid gradually changes.
Resultant colloidal sol high speed centrifugation is separated (16000rpm), and three deionizations are washed follow-up three alcohol and are washed, and 50 ℃ of dryings of vacuum 24 hours obtain the cadmium selenide nano powder.
0.01Mol cadmium selenide nano powder being distributed in the 30mL absolute ethyl alcohol, behind the stirring 30min this container being put into 90 ℃ of water-baths, is that 20kHz face power is 100W/cm with frequency
2The probe of ultrasonic generator immerse in the suspension.Simultaneously 0.02Mol butyl titanate (analyzing pure) is dissolved in the 30mL absolute ethyl alcohol, stir 30min, rapidly with this injection of solution in cadmium selenide suspension, ultrasonic 2 hours, centrifugation, clean, dry obtains light yellow titanium dioxide parcel cadmium selenide nano composite semiconductor particle.Grain diameter is 40～50nm.
The test analysis of visible light photocatalytic degradation methyl orange shows, this titanium dioxide parcel cadmium selenide nano semiconductor complex dispersive property excellence, and photocatalysis performance has improved about 200% than the cadmium selenide nano semiconductor, and stability is good.
Claims (9)
1. a nanometer, composite semiconductor photocatalyst is characterized in that it is the composite semiconductor nano particle of titanium dioxide parcel sulfide or selenides.
2. the preparation method of nanometer, composite semiconductor photocatalyst according to claim 1, its step is as follows:
1) inorganic salts, water and the anion surfactant of cadmium are mixed in molar ratio at 1～2: 10～40: 1, selenides or sulfide are added drop-wise in the above-mentioned mixed solution lentamente, the mole dosage of selenides or sulfide is identical with the inorganic salts consumption of cadmium, stir and regulation system pH to 4～7, under 60～90 ℃ of temperature, continue to be stirred to system by colourless gradually for orange, cleaning, separation, drying obtain cadmium sulfide or cadmium selenide nano powder;
2) the organic alkoxide 1: 1 in molar ratio～3 with above-mentioned cadmium sulfide or cadmium selenide nano powder and titanium is blended in the organic solvent, and ultrasonic processing 2～3h under 60～90 ℃ of conditions regulates and control ultrasonic face power to 800～1000W/cm
2, fixed-frequency 20KHz obtains light yellow suspension, and cleaning, separation, drying obtain titanium dioxide parcel sulfide and selenides nanometer, composite semiconductor photocatalyst.
3. the preparation method of nanometer, composite semiconductor photocatalyst according to claim 2 is characterized in that the titanium oxide parcel sulfide that will obtain and selenides nanometer, composite semiconductor photocatalyst are at 150～400 ℃ of following vacuum heat or glass-encapsulated post processing 1～3h.
4. the preparation method of nanometer, composite semiconductor photocatalyst according to claim 2, the inorganic salts that it is characterized in that said cadmium are cadmium nitrate, cadmium sulfate or cadmium phosphate.
5. the preparation method of nanometer, composite semiconductor photocatalyst according to claim 2 is characterized in that said anion surfactant is calgon or dodecyl sodium sulfate.
6. the preparation method of nanometer, composite semiconductor photocatalyst according to claim 2 is characterized in that said selenides is sodium selenide, potassium selenide or calcium selenide.
7. the preparation method of nanometer, composite semiconductor photocatalyst according to claim 2 is characterized in that said sulfide is vulcanized sodium, potassium sulfide or calcium sulfide.
8. the preparation method of nanometer, composite semiconductor photocatalyst according to claim 2, the organic alkoxide that it is characterized in that said titanium is butyl titanate or titanium tetrachloride.
9. the preparation method of nanometer, composite semiconductor photocatalyst according to claim 2 is characterized in that said organic solvent is absolute ethyl alcohol or toluene.
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