CN1790173A

CN1790173A - Toner for forming image, developing agent for forming two component image and image forming art unit

Info

Publication number: CN1790173A
Application number: CN 200510129749
Authority: CN
Inventors: 佐佐木文浩; 樋口博人; 小池寿男; 近藤麻衣子; 关根健善; 三瓶敦史; 大滋弥笃哉; 大山邦启; 山根正行; 佐野润一
Original assignee: Ricoh Co Ltd
Current assignee: Ricoh Co Ltd
Priority date: 2001-12-12
Filing date: 2002-12-12
Publication date: 2006-06-21
Anticipated expiration: 2022-12-12
Also published as: JP2003177566A; CN1790173B; JP3957051B2

Abstract

The invention relates to an image forming toner, a two-component image forming developer, an image forming device and an image forming technology unit. The image forming method adopts the method that a development roller is adopted, the brush-shaped developer and a latent image supporter surface are moved in the identical direction, and the moving speed is higher than the latent image supporter surface which is contacted with the brush shaped developer to ensure the development of the latent image on the latent image supporter, the development roller is provided with a nonmagnetic developer supporter and a magnetic field generating device, a magnetic field which can disperse the developer is produced by the magnetic field generating device on the developer supporter, the developer adopts the two-component developer, the attenuation rate of the magnetic flux density in normal direction at the outer side of the developer supporter surface is above 50 percent, and the two-component developer at least includes a magnetic toner(A) and a magnetic carrier (B); the magnetic toner(A) at least includes inorganic corpuscles processed by silicone oil, the dissociation rate of the silicone oil is 10 to 70 percent, the magnetization of the toner magnetization firstly in 5K oersted magnetic field is 10 to 25emu/g, and secondly in 1K oersted magnetic field is 7 to 20emu/g.

Description

Image forms with toner, two constitutional diagram pictures and forms with developer and image formation process unit

The present invention's name that to be Ricoh Co., Ltd submit on Dec 12nd, 2002 is called the dividing an application of Chinese patent application the 02157103.1st of " image forms with toner, the formation of two constitutional diagram pictures with developer and image formation process unit ".

Technical field

The image that the present invention relates to image processing system, the developing apparatus that is used for this device and image formation process unit, developer such as a kind of duplicating machine, printing machine, FAX and be used for this developer forms uses toner.

Background technology

Usually, in the image processing system of electrofax modes such as duplicating machine, printing machine, radio facsimile set, on the sensitization carrier that constitutes by photoreceptor magnetic drum and photoreceptor tape, form the electrostatic latent image corresponding with image information, implement developing operation with developing apparatus, obtain visual image.In the electrofax mode, well-known, adopt a component visualization way of a component developer that has only the toner formation and the two component visualization way that employing comprises the two-component developer of being made up of toner and magnetic particle (magnetic carrier) now.

The two-component developer that in two component visualization way, uses, small toner particle utilizes the fricative electric attraction of two particle to keep than the larger vector particle surface; When near electrostatic latent image, the electric field that electrostatic latent image forms overcomes the adhesion of toner particle and carrier particle to the attractive force of toner particle to the latent image direction, and toner particle adsorbs on electrostatic latent image, and electrostatic latent image is by visual.And since the developer development, the toner of limit supplement consumed, and use repeatedly on the limit.

Therefore, in this two components visualization way, in order to obtain stabilized image concentration, must make the mixing ratio (toner concentration) of carrier and toner certain, therefore toner replenishing mechanism and toner concentration sensor must be installed, therefore it is big to have the developing apparatus volume, also complicated this shortcoming of its actuating mechanism.

On the other hand, in a component visualization way, do not use the such developer of described two component visualization way with carrier particle and toner particle mixing, utilization is by the fricative electric attraction of toner and development sleeve, or contain magnetic force between the development sleeve of the toner of magnetic and built-in magnet, toner is remained on the development pipe, when near electrostatic latent image, electrostatic latent image form to the attractive force of electric field particle to the latent image direction, overcome the adhesion of toner particle and development pipe, toner particle is adsorbed on the electrostatic latent image, and electrostatic latent image is by visual.

Therefore, in a component visualization way, needn't control toner concentration, so, the advantage of developing apparatus energy miniaturization had; But toner is in the population of developing regional, than lacking of two component visualization way, so for example the development amount on the photoreceptor is insufficient to the latent image carrier for toner, to the adjustment problem of high speed copier.

In described two component visualization way, well-known, at the developing regional that develops, make the distance between latent image carrier and the developer carrier approaching more, high image color and rare rim effect more are easy to get.So it is desirable to make the distance between latent image carrier and the developer carrier approaching, if but make both approaching, all black picture and all be the image rearward end deinking of medium tone is easy to generate the image quality aggravation of what is called " rear end deinking ".

Described " rear end deinking " phenomenon is thought to be caused by following this mechanism.Figure 20 represents that the developing apparatus that develops with two component visualization way shows an example of shadow portion.In Figure 20, bead is represented toner 3a, and big ball is represented magnetic carrier 3b (magnetic particle).In addition, for illustrating conveniently, represent magnetic brush in the developing regional with solid line, other magnetic brush is represented by dotted lines, and has omitted toner simultaneously.And the non-image part A band negative polarity on the photoreceptor magnetic drum 1.

In Figure 20, be carried on developer as the development sleeve 4 of developer carrier, utilize the moving of development sleeve 4 of arrow D direction, near the developing regional relative, move with photoreceptor magnetic drum 1.Developer utilizes near the magnetic force of development magnetic pole 201 developing regional, and magnetic carrier 3b scatters, and forms magnetic brush MB.On the other hand, photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 limit remains on its surface with electrostatic latent image, and the limit rotates to the arrow C direction.At developing regional, utilize the linear differential (photoreceptor linear speed＜development sleeve linear velocity) of photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 and development sleeve 4, the latent image of magnetic brush MB friction photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 is with development electric field adhering toner 3a on the B of image portion.Consequently, in the developing regional downstream of development sleeve moving direction, the latent image picture portion B of toner picture on photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 forms.In addition, in order to ensure the image color of regulation, the development sleeve linear velocity is generally greater than the photoreceptor linear velocity.

In the developing apparatus of this two component visualization way, it is generally acknowledged, because mechanism produces the rear end deinking shown in Figure 21 (a)～(c).Figure 21 (a)～(c) is near the key diagram that amplifies the relative portion with the photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 of Figure 20 and development sleeve 4, photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 for the left side, the magnetic brush MB front end on right side is represented the effect of close magnetic brush with the time series of Figure 21 (a) and (b), (c).In Figure 21, photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 and do not have the subtend portion of illustrated development sleeve, the state that develops at the interface that just in time is non-image and all black picture, promptly at the state that produces " rear end deinking ", forms the toner picture that just develops in the downstream of photoreceptor sense of rotation.A magnetic brush MB on the development sleeve is close to the photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 of this state.Here photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 rotation in a clockwise direction in fact in the drawings, but as above-mentioned development sleeve than photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 move fast, so magnetic brush MB has the heels of photoreceptor magnetic drum 1.Therefore in Figure 21 (a)～(c), photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 makes model simplification as static.

In Figure 21 (a), near the magnetic brush MB of photoreceptor magnetic drum 1, arrive between the back-end location A of image portion that should develop, relatively move with non-picture portion.This when mobile, because the repulsive force B between the negative charge, toner 3a leaves photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 gradually, (following this toner moves and is called that " result of this toner drift of toner drift ") is shown in Figure 21 (b) to shift to the development sleeve surface, when magnetic brush MB arrives the image back-end location A of portion, the state that near the magnetic carrier 3b of the magnetic brush formation positively charged the photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 peels off away.Therefore, on the magnetic carrier surface relative with the back-end location A of image portion of latent image, toner does not exist, and back-end location A toner does not move to photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 from magnetic brush MB in image portion.And in Figure 21 (c), if magnetic brush MB arrives the back-end location C of image portion that has entered the some inboards of image portion from the back-end location A of image portion, so when the adhesion of toner 3a and photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 weakens, once attached to the toner 3a of photoreceptor magnetic drum 1, because electrostatic attraction sometimes can also be once more attached on the magnetic carrier.Consequently, in the image portion rearward end near the non-image portion of image portion, do not develop sometimes, Here it is produces the reason of " rear end deinking ".

In the mechanism explanation of above generation " rear end deinking ", illustrate the section vertical with the rotary middle spindle of development sleeve 4, if the long axis direction (rotation center direction of principal axis) along development sleeve is observed, the length of each magnetic brush is not certain, on the position of long axis direction deviation is arranged.Figure 22 (a) reaches (b) situation of this magnetic brush of model utility ground expression.Figure 22 (a) is illustrated in the situation of the magnetic brush MB of long axis direction expansion, and Figure 22 (b) is expression, uses the sectional drawing when the vertical plane A-A of long axis direction dissectd the magnetic brush MB of Figure 22 (a) expression.For clear and definite with the relation of other figure, in Figure 22 (b), the expression of model utility ground concerns with the position of photoreceptor magnetic drum 1.Shown in Figure 22 (a) and Figure 23 (a), the height of magnetic brush MB is big in the long axis direction deviation.Therefore uneven to the contact position of photoreceptor along long axis direction.Consequently, the situation of described toner drift also has deviation at long axis direction, and the situation that produces " rear end deinking " is not necessarily at long axis direction.Therefore, as Figure 23 (b), produce jagged L type " rear end deinking " at long axis direction.

In addition, because of same mechanism, the horizontal fine rule that extends at the rotation center direction of principal axis of development sleeve 4 and is compared with the vertical fine rule of its quadrature, also produce thin " horizontal line thin " phenomenon and the unsettled phenomenon of formation of isolated point, hinder the high image qualityization of 2 component visualization way.

Therefore the described generations such as " rear end deinkings " of this patent China invites the person in order to prevent, motion 3 is by the normal direction magnetic flux distribution on the regulation development sleeve, width in the phenomenon zone of development sleeve sense of rotation (phenomenon be obstructed width) is narrowed down, the developing apparatus (for example, opening the 2000-305360 communique) that the developer density of the magnetic brush of developing regional is improved with reference to the spy.Can significantly stop " rear end deinking " and " thin " generation that waits, but this does not reach abundant of horizontal line according to this developing apparatus.

On the other hand, adopt nonmagnetic toner as the toner that comprises developer, when described development sleeve is rotated, owing to act on the centrifugal force of toner in the developer that is carried on the development sleeve, being easy to generate toner disperses, in order to suppress the problem that toner disperses, consider to adopt magnetic color tuner.

But, when adopting magnetic color tuner, between toner and the magnetic carrier, applying the attractive force of static usually as the toner of developer, toner produces the magnetic force away from photoreceptor magnetic drum direction, therefore, described " rear end deinking " takes place easily.Particularly, when adopting magnetic color tuner, as shown in figure 24, contact site at the front end of the surface of photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 and magnetic brush MB, toner 3a is the garden ring-type with respect to the surface attachment of magnetic carrier 3b, constitute the surface of the magnetic carrier that magnetic brush MB front end peels off away, relative with photoreceptor magnetic drum 1, cause " the rear end deinking " that causes by described toner drift easilier.In addition,, also more be easy to generate horizontal fine rule, hinder the image high quality than thin " horizontal line the is thin " phenomenon of vertical fine rule and the unsettled phenomenon of formation of isolated point because of same mechanism.

As the method for improvement in shortcomings such as two component developing apparatus volumes are big, the two component development methods that need not control concentration that special fair 5-67233 communique record is arranged, but, the developer of development sleeve periphery is adopted toner in the developer with the toner supply part, with layer-thickness restriction member developer is limited, make toner charged, therefore, do not need the supply establishment of supply toner and the sensor of detection toner concentration, still, compare with two present component developing apparatuss, developer level can not increase, therefore, and under the situation of the fast high speed machine of the linear velocity of development sleeve, toner can not be fully charged, can produce surface contamination.In addition, want to make toner abundant when charged, must make the restraint grow of layer-thickness restriction member, therefore, because the heating of colliding between the developer particle, the film that forms toner at carrier surface promptly produces so-called agingization, therefore has following shortcoming, the charged characteristic of carrier produces phenomenons such as toner disperses, quality is gloomy with reducing service time.

In addition, be used for the developer of aforesaid small-sized developing apparatus, needing at short notice the toner of supply to be given and electric charge, toner is being added a large amount of fluidity improving agents, so that the toner of supply and developer rapid mixing; If but this developer uses repeatedly, have following shortcoming, fluidity improving agent superfluous in the toner can produce abnormal image securely attached on the electrostatic latent image carrier on the line.And when the stirring stress of developer increases, except that described agingization phenomenon is arranged, also have following problem, promptly the carried charge of toner too increases, and so-called charging phenomenon promptly takes place.In addition, in these small-sized developing apparatuss, because the amount of developer is few, so, the toning dosage that developer keeps is just few, and during the copy image area is big continuously original copy, the consumption of toner increases, because the concentration extreme variation of toner in the developer, so the shortcoming that just has image color to reduce.

In addition, in this developing apparatus, in movable active place and inactive place of developer, the perhaps place that developer is many and few place, the use amount difference of toner is easy to generate local toner concentration instability, and image color is mottled and gloomy.Therefore in the toner funnel, set two toner supply parts, in the path that forms with each toner supply parts,, open in the clear 63-4282 communique the spy with this mottled and gloomy technology of concentration that solves long axis direction and to be disclosed by developer.But, in the disclosed technology of described communique, owing to use two toner supply parts, so, following problem is arranged, i.e. big the and cost residence height of developing apparatus volume.

Particularly because the activity of described developer is controlled in the development method of employing amount at toner oneself, the particle diameter of toner and size distribution are very important.That is, if the particle number below the 5 μ m is a lot, following shortcoming is arranged so, promptly the flowability of toner just worsens, the use instability of toner.The amount of the actual use of toner just reduced when particle was thick in addition, particularly when the big image of consumption of toner is exported, produced image color and reduced this problem.

Therefore, be purpose with flowability, the charged characteristic that improves toner, inorganic fine particles such as toner particle and various metal oxides etc. are mixed the method used by motion, this inorganic fine particles etc. is called external additive.As required, be purpose with hydrophobicity, charged characteristic upgrading with the inorganic particles sub-surface, the method so that specific silane coupling agent, titanate coupling agent, silicone oil, organic acid etc. are handled covers specific methods such as resin also by motion.As described inorganic powder, that is known has, for example, and silicon dioxide, titania, aluminium oxide, zinc paste, magnesium oxide, cesium oxide, iron oxide, cupric oxide, tin oxide etc.

Particularly make reactive organic silicon compounds such as silicon dioxide and titanium oxide microparticle and dimethyldichlorosilane, hexamethyl dimethyl silyl amine, silicone oil, with the silanol group on silicon oxide ion surface with organic group replace, the silicon dioxide particles of hydrophobization is used.

The sufficient water absorptivity of expression in the middle of these, and when being included in the toner, from low-surface-energy, with the hydrophobization treating agent of this toner as the outstanding duplicating of expression, preferably silicone oil.In special No. 02568244 communique of the fair 7-3600 of spy, stipulated hydrophobization degree with the silicon dioxide of silicone oil processing.In addition, open the content of having stipulated carbon in silicone oil agent addition and the adjuvant in flat 7-271087 and the flat 8-29598 communique of Te Kai the spy.

To carry out hydrophobization as female agent inorganic fine particles of adjuvant and handle, and, just can satisfy with the silicone oil content and the hydrophobization degree of the communique originally enumerated in order to ensure the stability of developer charging property under the high temperature.But, do not utilize the important specificity low-surface-energy of silicone oil, to the portion's material that contacts with toner, for example positive test of the tack decline usefulness of contact electrification device, developer carrier (development sleeve), doctor, carrier, electrostatic latent image carrier (photoreceptor), middle copying body etc.Particularly the adhesion of toner and photoreceptor strengthens and to cause surface contamination and coming off after the edge portion of the literal portion of figure and lines portion, round spot portion and the duplicating at central portion (toner not have duplicate part), only depends on the addition and the hydrophobization degree of adjusting silicone oil not to improve.And the duplicating parts of convex-concave severity can not be when duplicating be duplicated and the deinking that cause can not improve equally to recess.

Open flat 11-212299 communique the spy and disclose silicone oil, contain the inorganic particulate of specified quantitative as liquid component.But in the definition (aftermentioned) of this amount, can not satisfy described characteristic; In addition to inorganic particulate, in any case handle whether all can not relate to the silicone oil that adheres to effective.

In recent years, duplicate or printed images wishes that all very strong high-definition, height separate degree mutually.Separate the image of degree mutually in order to obtain such high-definition, height, open in the flat 2-877 communique the fair 6-82227 communique of spy, special fair 7-60273 communique, spy, the little and developer of having stipulated toner particle amount that 5 μ m are following and distribution thereof of mean grain size is by motion.

Here, the following toner particle of 5 μ m be used to form high-resolution, height is separated the necessary composition of image of degree mutually, the toner of this particle diameter when developable latent image, supply with glossily the time, faithful to latent image, can obtain not overflowing from latent image, reproduce the row preferable image.On the other hand, the shallow rim effect of concentration of the concentration ratio edge portion of figure central portion is embodied on the following toner particle of 5 μ m significantly, and to this, the toner particle number number percent with the above median diameter of regulation 5 μ m just can address this problem.

But the image that the toner of small particle diameter is separated mutually degree for high-resolution, height forms favourable, but the toner particle below making 5 μ m only accounts for 3% as percent by volume when containing 17% number.In the amount of this degree, the following small particle size toner of 5 μ m optionally is difficult to consider at the lift-launch utmost point of peripheral part of latent image.

On the other hand, according to No. the 1989625th, patent and No. 2129883 communique, present magnetic color tuner contains the magnetic of 50% above weight for binding resin, so the magnetization in 1K oersted magnetic field is greater than 20emu/g, because magnetic bias effect, toner are difficult to develop, when particularly containing the toner particle below the 5 a large amount of μ m, because toner is charged excessive, development capability is worsened, and the result is that image color significantly reduces.In addition, particularly in the developing apparatus of miniaturization in recent years, have following shortcoming, promptly fine particle for a long time, from the duplicating deterioration of photoreceptor, can not be fully clean.And these toners are when being used as the two-component developer that carries carrier particle, the toner that is difficult to develop, and at the carrier surface savings, promptly so-called catabiosis, the life-span of developer is significantly impaired.

This aging in order to prevent, at present, the method that covers all resins at carrier surface is arranged.For example, with the carrier that styrene-methacrylate copolymer, styrene copolymer etc. cover, charged characteristic is good, and still, the critical surface tension on surface is than higher, so, just so not long as the life-span of developer.In addition, cover the carrier of tetrafluoroethene copolymer, because surface tension is low, can not produce agingization of toner, still, the tetrafluoroethene copolymer is in frictional electrification series, owing to be positioned at minus side, so can not adopt when toner wants electronegative.

In addition as having the material of low surface tension, the carrier that covers with the overlayer that contains silicones is by motion.For example, can list: unsaturated silicones and organosilicon, silanol etc. are mixed with styrene～one, cover carrier surface (No. 3562533 instructions of United States Patent (USP)); Carrier (No. 3847127 instructions of United States Patent (USP)) with poly-hexichol resin and organosilicon ter-polymer resin covering surfaces; Carrier (No. 3627522 instructions of United States Patent (USP)) with covering surfaces such as styrene～acrylate resin and organosilane, silanol, siloxane; Carrier (spy opens clear 55-127567 communique) with the silicone covering surfaces; Reach carrier (spy opens clear 55-157751 communique) with modified resin silicone covering surfaces.

Cover carrier by silicone, improve resistance to ag(e)ing, the toner particle below 5 μ m for a long time, and is not talkative, fully satisfies high life requirement now.

As the regulation that reduces the toner particle below the 5 μ m, Te Kaiping 4-124682 communique, open in the flat 10-91000 communique component visualization way by motion the spy, but, have the not record of size distribution of the scope of the most of toner particle that determines image quality.Its effect also is limited to a component visualization way.

Summary of the invention

First purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of developing apparatus, have the image processing system of this developing apparatus, image formation process unit and be used for the developer of image formation process unit, even adopt the two-component developer that uses magnetic color tuner, the toner that also can be suppressed under the big condition of development carrier linear velocity disperses, and can also prevent the situation of image quality differences such as rear end deinking.

The following realization of described problem, the invention provides (1), a kind of two-component developer, it is characterized in that, in developing apparatus, at developing regional, the attenuation rate that is created in the normal direction magnetic flux density of developer carrier outer side surface is more than 50%, this developer contains magnetic color tuner (A) and the magnetic carrier (B) with magnetic at least, magnetic color tuner (A) is magnetized to σ t=10～30emu/g in the magnetic field of 1000Oe, this developing apparatus has the non magnetic developer carrier and the field generator for magnetic that can rotate driving, this field generator for magnetic is at the developing regional relative with the latent image carrier, on this developer carrier, produce the magnetic field that makes the developer dispersion that contains toner and magnetic particle, at this developing regional, by being stated from the brush and sac like developer on this developer carrier surface, equidirectional with this latent image carrier surface moving direction and more mobile and contact than this latent image carrier surface, make the developable latent image on this latent image carrier.(2), a kind of two-component developer, it is characterized in that, in developing apparatus, at developing regional, be created in normal direction magnetic flux density on the developer carrier outer peripheral face, observe from the rotary middle spindle of this developer carrier, angle is below 40 ° between the OmT pole-changing point of this developer carrier surface moving direction, developer contains magnetic color tuner (A) and the magnetic carrier (B) with magnetic at least, magnetic color tuner (A) is magnetized to σ t=10～30emu/g in the magnetic field of 10000e, this developing apparatus has the non magnetic developer carrier and the field generator for magnetic that can rotate driving, this field generator for magnetic is at the developing regional relative with the latent image carrier, on this developer carrier, produce the magnetic field that makes the developer dispersion that contains toner and magnetic particle, at this developing regional, by being stated from the brush and sac like developer on this developer carrier surface, equidirectional with this latent image carrier surface moving direction and more mobile and contact than this latent image carrier surface, make the developable latent image on this latent image carrier.(3), a kind of two-component developer, it is characterized in that, in developing apparatus, at developing regional, be created in normal direction magnetic flux density on the developer carrier outer peripheral face, observe from the rotary middle spindle of this developer carrier, half value angle at this developer carrier surface moving direction is below 20 °, this developer contains magnetic color tuner (A) and the magnetic carrier (B) with magnetic at least, magnetic color tuner (A) is magnetized to σ t=10～30emu/g in the magnetic field of 10000e, this developing apparatus has the non magnetic developer carrier and the field generator for magnetic that can rotate driving, this field generator for magnetic is at the developing regional relative with the latent image carrier, on this developer carrier, produce the magnetic field that makes the developer dispersion that contains toner and magnetic particle, at this developing regional, by being stated from the brush and sac like developer on this developer carrier surface, equidirectional with this latent image carrier surface moving direction and more mobile and contact than this latent image carrier surface, make the developable latent image on this latent image carrier.(4), as each described two-component developer of above-mentioned (1)～(3), it is characterized in that, in described developing apparatus, have developer limiting member, developer collecting receiving part and toner resettlement section, wherein, the amount of the described developer limiting member river bend system developer that is carried on the developer carrier and carries to described developing regional; Described developer collecting receiving part is accommodated week this developer limiting member and has been limited developer to the conveying of this developing regional; Described toner resettlement section has the toner replenishing opening, and it is from developer throughput direction upstream and described developer collecting receiving part adjoining position, and is adjacent with this developer carrier surface; This developing apparatus utilizes developer along with developer is carried moving on this developer carrier, concentration according to the toner of developer on this developer carrier, toner in this toner resettlement section is added in the developer, described developer comprises magnetic color tuner (A) and the magnetic carrier (B) with magnetic at least, and magnetic color tuner (A) is magnetized to σ t=10～30emu/g in the magnetic field of 1000Oe.(5), as each described two-component developer of above-mentioned (1)～(4), it is characterized in that the magnetic in the described magnetic color tuner (A) is actual to be the spherical magnetic that does not contain silicon or aluminium.

The following realization of described problem, the invention provides (6), a kind of developing apparatus, this developing apparatus has the non magnetic developer carrier and the field generator for magnetic that can rotate driving, this field generator for magnetic is at the developing regional relative with the latent image carrier, on this developer carrier, produce the magnetic field that makes the developer dispersion that contains toner and magnetic particle, at this developing regional, by being stated from the brush and sac like developer on this developer carrier surface, equidirectional with this latent image carrier surface moving direction and more mobile and contact than this latent image carrier surface, make the developable latent image on this latent image carrier, it is characterized in that, in this developing apparatus, described developer comprises magnetic color tuner (A) and the magnetic carrier (B) with magnetic at least, magnetic color tuner (A) is magnetized to σ t=10～30emu/g in the magnetic field of 1000Oe, at described developing regional, the attenuation rate that results from the normal direction magnetic flux density of this developer carrier outer side surface is more than 50%.(7), a kind of developing apparatus, this developing apparatus has the non magnetic developer carrier and the field generator for magnetic that can rotate driving, this field generator for magnetic is at the developing regional relative with the latent image carrier, on this developer carrier, produce the magnetic field that makes the developer dispersion that contains toner and magnetic particle, at this developing regional, by being stated from the brush and sac like developer on this developer carrier surface, equidirectional with this latent image carrier surface moving direction and more mobile and contact than this latent image carrier surface, make the developable latent image on this latent image carrier, it is characterized in that, in this developing apparatus, described developer contains magnetic color tuner (A) and the magnetic carrier (B) with magnetic at least, magnetic color tuner (A) is magnetized to σ t=10～30emu/g in the magnetic field of 1000Oe, at described developing regional, be created in normal direction magnetic flux density on the described developer carrier outer peripheral face, observe from the rotary middle spindle of this developer carrier, angle is below 40 ° between the OmT pole-changing point of this developer carrier surface moving direction.(8), a kind of developing apparatus, this developing apparatus has the non magnetic developer carrier and the field generator for magnetic that can rotate driving, this field generator for magnetic is at the developing regional relative with the latent image carrier, on this developer carrier, produce the magnetic field that makes the developer dispersion that contains toner and magnetic particle, at this developing regional, by being stated from the brush and sac like developer on this developer carrier surface, equidirectional with this latent image carrier surface moving direction and more mobile and contact than this latent image carrier surface, make the developable latent image on this latent image carrier, it is characterized in that, described developer contains magnetic color tuner (A) and the magnetic carrier (B) with magnetic at least, and magnetic color tuner (A) is magnetized to σ t=10～30emu/g in the magnetic field of 1000Oe.At described developing regional, be created in normal direction magnetic flux density on the described developer carrier outer peripheral face, that observe from the rotary middle spindle of this developer carrier, be below 20 ° in the half value angle of this developer carrier surface moving direction.

In addition, the following realization of described problem, the invention provides (9) a kind of image and form technique unit, described image form technique unit with the latent image carrier, make the same charged Charging system in this latent image carrier surface, and clean this latent image carrier surface cleaning device at least one and make on this latent image carrier developable latent image and as the developing apparatus of toner picture, with respect to image forming device body, can constitute the integrative-structure thing removably, it is characterized in that described developing apparatus uses as each described developing apparatus of above-mentioned (6)～(9).

Promptly, in order to realize described purpose, feature of the present invention is exactly, have the non magnetic developer carrier and the field generator for magnetic that can rotate driving, this field generator for magnetic produces the magnetic field that developer is disperseed, this developer contains at the developing regional relative with the latent image carrier, toner and magnetic particle on this developer carrier; At this developing regional, the brush and sac like developer on this development carrier surface will be stated from, by consistent with the moving direction on this latent image carrier surface, and go back high-speed mobile than this latent image carrier surface, contact, make the developing apparatus of the developable latent image on this latent image carrier, in this developing apparatus, this developer contains magnetic color tuner (A) and the magnetic carrier (B) with magnetic at least, the magnetization of magnetic color tuner (A) in the magnetic field of 1000Oe, σ t is 10～30emu/g, at this developing regional, the attenuation rate that results from the normal direction magnetic flux density of this developer carrier outer side surface is more than 50%.

Here, described " developing regional " is exactly, and separately the developer of the brush and sac like that forms contacts with the latent image carrier on the developer carrier, can make the zone of the developable latent image on the latent image carrier with the toner in the developer.

In addition, described " attenuation rate of normal direction magnetic flux density " is exactly, making the peak value of the normal direction magnetic flux density of developer carrier surface generation by the development magnetic pole is X, when the peak value that leaves the normal direction magnetic flux density of 1mm position in the footpath direction from developer carrier surface is Y, with the following formula evaluation.

(1) attenuation rate %={ (X-Y)/X} * 100

In developing apparatus of the present invention, by adopting magnetic color tuner, toner by magnetic attraction to magnetic carrier, so, even when the linear velocity of development carrier is increased, also difficult dispersing of toner takes place.And, at developing regional, the attenuation rate that results from the normal direction magnetic flux density of this developer carrier outer side surface is more than 50%, so, narrowed width at the developing regional of developer carrier surface moving direction, even when adopting described magnetic color tuner, do not produce toner drift from the latent image carrier of image portion rearward end towards the developer carrier yet.And, short and the increase in density of the length of the developer of the brush and sac like of scattering at developing regional, even adopt described magnetic color tuner, the developer of brush shape is to the surface of the latent image carrier of developing regional, in the rotation center direction contact separation equably on the whole of developer carrier.Particularly under the condition that the linear velocity of developer carrier increases, this effect is just big, and the magnetization σ t in the magnetic field of 1000Oe is 10～30emu/g, can prevent that therefore toner from dispersing and the toner drift causes " rear end deinking " takes place.

In addition, the invention is characterized in, have the non magnetic developer carrier and the field generator for magnetic that can rotate driving, this field generator for magnetic produces the magnetic field that developer is disperseed, this developer contains at the developing regional relative with the latent image carrier, toner and magnetic particle on this developer carrier; At this developing regional, the brush and sac like developer on this development carrier surface will be stated from, by consistent with the moving direction on this latent image carrier surface, and go back high-speed mobile than this latent image carrier surface, contact, make the developing apparatus of the developable latent image on this latent image carrier, in this developing apparatus, this developer contains magnetic color tuner (A) and the magnetic carrier (B) with magnetic at least, the magnetization of magnetic color tuner (A) in the magnetic field of 1000Oe, σ t is 10～30emu/g, at this developing regional, the rotary middle spindle from this developer carrier that is created in the normal direction magnetic flux density on this development carrier outer peripheral face is observed, and angle is below 40 ° between the OmT pole-changing point of this developer carrier surface moving direction.

In developing apparatus of the present invention, by adopting magnetic color tuner, toner by magnetic attraction to magnetic carrier, so, even when the linear velocity of development carrier is increased, also difficult dispersing of toner takes place.And, angle is below 40 ° between the OmT pole-changing point of described normal direction magnetic flux density, therefore even when adopting described magnetic color tuner, along with narrowed width at the developing regional of developer carrier surface moving direction, the short and increase in density of length of the developer of the brush and sac like of scattering at developing regional.Particularly under the condition that the linear velocity of developer carrier increases, this effect is just big, and the magnetization σ t in the magnetic field of 1000Oe is 10～30emu/g.Therefore can prevent " rear end deinking " both generations that toner disperses and the toner drift causes.

The invention is characterized in, have the non magnetic developer carrier and the field generator for magnetic that can rotate driving, this field generator for magnetic produces the magnetic field that developer is disperseed, and this developer contains at the developing regional relative with the latent image carrier, toner and magnetic particle on this developer carrier; At this developing regional, the brush and sac like developer on this development carrier surface will be stated from, by consistent with the moving direction on this latent image carrier surface, and than this also high-speed mobile, contact of latent image carrier surface, make the developing apparatus of the developable latent image on this latent image carrier, in this developing apparatus, this developer contains magnetic color tuner (A) and the magnetic carrier (B) with magnetic at least, the magnetization of magnetic color tuner (A) in the magnetic field of 1000Oe, σ t is 10～30emu/g.At this developing regional, the rotary middle spindle from this developer carrier that is created in normal direction magnetic flux density on this development carrier outer peripheral face is observed, and is below 20 ° at the half-angle degree of this developer carrier surface moving direction.

In developing apparatus of the present invention, by adopting magnetic color tuner, toner by magnetic attraction to magnetic particle, so, even when the linear velocity of development carrier is increased, also difficult dispersing of toner takes place.And, the half-angle degree of described normal direction magnetic flux density is below 20 °, therefore even when adopting described magnetic color tuner, along with narrowed width at the developing regional of developer carrier surface moving direction, the short and increase in density of length of the developer of the brush and sac like of scattering at developing regional.Particularly under the condition that the linear velocity of developer carrier increases, this effect is just big, and the magnetization σ t in the magnetic field of 1000Oe is 10～30emu/g, therefore can prevent " rear end deinking " both generations that toner disperses and the toner drift causes.

And, in the developing apparatus of described invention, have developer limiting member, developer collecting receiving part and toner resettlement section; The amount of the developer that developer limiting member restriction is carried on the developer carrier, carry to described developing regional; The developer collecting receiving part is accommodated with this developer limiting member, to the developer that limits of this developing regional conveying; The toner resettlement section has the toner replenishing opening, and it is from developer throughput direction upstream, adjacent with this developer carrier surface at adjoining position in this developer collecting receiving part; Be to utilize developer,, the toner in this toner resettlement section added developer according to the concentration of the toner of developer on this developer carrier along with developer is carried moving on this developer carrier.

In developing apparatus of the present invention, in the position of using opening in the face of described toner replenishing, the toner that the supplying developing agent of carrying with carrying on the development carrier is joined mixes developer, and it is from the supplying developing agent and accommodate the interface introduction of accommodating developer of developer collecting receiving part.If the toner concentration of the developer on the development carrier raises, the volume of developer just increases, therefore, the developer extension that is housed in the developer collecting receiving part is come, cover the toner replenishing opening, suppress toner and enter from the developer of toner resettlement section on the development carrier of toner replenishing with opening.Therefore even without toner replenishing mechanism and toner concentration sensor, also the toner concentration of developer can be controlled within the specific limits, so, small-sized cheap image-type device can be provided.Particularly, saturated magnetization σ t in the magnetic field of 1000Oe is 10～30[emu/g by magnetic color tuner], when toner is packed into, the developer toner of packing into efficiently, even, can prevent that also image color from reducing so the many images of consumption of toner duplicate repeatedly.In addition, utilize magnetic binding force to the magnetized developer carrier of toner self direction, can prevent effectively with the toner of developer carrier rotation disperse and toner to the development of surface portion.

The invention is characterized in, has the second developer limiting member, between the toner replenishing adjacent with the described developer carrier surface of described toner resettlement section was with opening and described developer collecting receiving part, restriction was from the toner replenishing of this toner resettlement section amount with this developer of opening on this developer carrier that this developer collecting receiving part carrying is carried; Along with the hyperchromic concentration rising of this developer on this developer carrier, the limit amount of this developer increases, to set the gap between this second developer limiting member and this developer carrier surface.

In developing apparatus of the present invention, if the hyperchromic concentration of the developer on the development carrier raises, the thickness of developer just increases, and the throughput of the developer of increase limits with the second developer limiting member.The developer of this restriction is with respect to the second developer limiting member, covers the toner replenishing opening of adjacency from developer throughput direction upstream, suppresses the entering of toner of the developer carried to the carrying of developer carrier from the toner resettlement section.Therefore,, also the toner concentration of developer can be controlled in certain model grain bin even without toner replenishing mechanism and toner concentration sensor, so, small-sized, cheap image-type device can be provided.Be 10～30[emu/g particularly] by the saturated magnetization σ t of magnetic color tuner in the magnetic field of 1000Oe, when toner is packed into, the developer toner of packing into efficiently is so even the many images of consumption of toner duplicate repeatedly, can prevent that also image color from reducing.In addition, utilize magnetic binding force to the magnetized developer carrier of toner self direction, can prevent effectively with the toner of developer carrier rotation disperse and toner to the development of surface portion.

And feature of the present invention is that in the developing apparatus of described invention, the magnetic essence in the magnetic color tuner (A) is the spherical magnetic that does not contain silicon or aluminium.

In the developing apparatus of described (6), the magnetic essence in the magnetic color tuner (A) is the spherical magnetic that does not contain silicon or aluminium, therefore can reduce because the variation of the toner carried charge that the change of humidity environment causes.

And feature of the present invention is, in the developing apparatus of described invention, and the magnetic in the magnetic color tuner (A), the magnetization σ t in the magnetic field of 1000Oe is 30～70emu/g.

Magnetic in the magnetic color tuner (A), the saturated magnetization in the magnetic field of 10000e is 30～90emu/g, it is desirable to 30～70emu/g, satisfies the magnetic characteristic of described toner with this.

And feature of the present invention is that in the developing apparatus of described invention, the mean grain size of the magnetic in the magnetic color tuner (A) is 0.2～0.4 μ m.

And feature of the present invention is that in the developing apparatus of described invention, the content of the magnetic FeO in the magnetic color tuner (A) is 10～30%Wt.

And feature of the present invention is that in the developing apparatus of described invention, the specific surface area of the magnetic in the magnetic color tuner (A) is 1～60m ²/ g.

And feature of the present invention is that in the developing apparatus of described invention, described developer carrier surface translational speed is below 550mm/sec.

In the developing apparatus of described invention, described developer carrier surface translational speed so be that quality is in the magnetic scale of construction of toner, can prevent reliably that toner from dispersing at 10～50% o'clock below 550mm/sec.

And feature of the present invention is, in the developing apparatus of described invention, the absolute value of difference that puts on the development bias voltage (VB) of described developer carrier and the surface element voltage (VD) on the described latent image carrier is under 400V.

In developing apparatus of the present invention, the absolute value of the difference of development bias voltage (VB) and surface element voltage (VD) guarantees not take place the deterioration such as " rear end deinking " figure matter that described toner drift causes with this under 400V.

And feature of the present invention is that in the developing apparatus of described invention, described developer carrier surface translational speed is below 3.7 with respect to the ratio of described latent image carrier surface translational speed.

In developing apparatus of the present invention, described developer carrier surface translational speed is below 3.7 with respect to the ratio of described latent image carrier surface translational speed, guarantees not take place the deterioration such as " rear end deinking " figure matter that described toner drift causes with this.

And feature of the present invention is that in the developing apparatus of described invention, the development bias voltage (VB) that puts on described developer carrier contains alternating component.

In the developing apparatus of described invention, the development bias voltage (VB) that will contain alternating component puts on described developer carrier, can obtain not having the image of the high definition of flickering sense, can guarantee to be reduced in significantly simultaneously the surface attachment magnetic particle.

Feature of the present invention is, be image processing system, have the latent image carrier and form device and the developable latent image on this latent image carrier is looked like the copy device of duplicating portion material as the developing apparatus of toner picture, with the toner on this latent image carrier at the latent image that this latent image carrier forms latent image; Adopt the developing apparatus of described invention as this developing apparatus.

In image processing system of the present invention, adopt described developing apparatus, even when the linear velocity of development carrier is increased, also can suppress dispersing of toner, will there be the image that " rear end deinking " the figure matter of etc.ing worsens to be formed on the duplicating parts simultaneously.

And the present invention is a kind of image processing system, has the latent image carrier and forms device and with the latent image on this latent image carrier the develop developing apparatus of making the toner picture and middle copying body that the toner picture on this latent image carrier is duplicated and the secondary copy device that the toner on this latent image carrier is looked like to duplicate a copy device on this middle copying body and the toner on this middle copying body looked like to duplicate parts at the latent image that this latent image carrier forms latent image; As this developing apparatus, adopt the developing apparatus of described invention.

In image processing system of the present invention, even when the linear velocity of development carrier is increased, also can suppress dispersing of toner, can will there be image that " rear end deinking " the figure matter of etc.ing worsens simultaneously by the middle copying body, be formed on the duplicating parts.

Feature of the present invention is, with the latent image carrier, make the same charged Charging system in this latent image carrier surface, and at least one clean the surface of this latent image carrier cleaning device, make on this latent image carrier developable latent image and as the developing apparatus of hyperchromic map shadow, with respect to image forming device body, formation forms technique unit as demountable, integrative-structure composing images, as this developing apparatus, adopt the developing apparatus of described invention.

In image formation process of the present invention unit, to have the image processing system main body that the image formation process unit of described developing apparatus is installed in uses, even when the linear velocity of development carrier is increased, also dispersing of toner can be suppressed, the image that figure matter such as not having " rear end deinking " worsens can be formed simultaneously.

Second purpose of the present invention is, a kind of developing apparatus is provided, has image processing system, the image formation process unit of this developing apparatus and is used for the developer of image formation process unit, even adopt the two-component developer that uses magnetic color tuner, the toner that also can be suppressed under the big condition of development carrier linear velocity disperses, and fully carries out the charged of toner and can also prevent that when duplicating image comes off and to clean image quality such as bad, rear end deinking poor.

In order to realize described purpose, according to the present invention, it is characterized in that, a kind of image forming method (image processing system) is provided,

Adopt developer roll, developer roll has the non magnetic developer carrier and the field generator for magnetic that can rotate driving; This field generator for magnetic produces the magnetic field that developer is disperseed, and this developer contains at the developing regional relative with the latent image carrier, toner and magnetic particle on this developer carrier; At this developing regional, the brush and sac like developer on this development carrier surface will be stated from, by consistent with the moving direction on this latent image carrier surface, and than this also high-speed mobile, contact of latent image carrier surface, make the developing procedure (developing apparatus) of the developable latent image on this latent image carrier, in this image forming method (image processing system), at this developing regional, the attenuation rate that is created in the normal direction magnetic flux density of this development carrier outer side surface is more than 50%, as this developer, contain magnetic color tuner (A) and magnetic carrier (B) at least with magnetic; This magnetic color tuner (A) contains the inorganic fine particles of being handled by silicone oil at least, the ionization rate of this silicone oil is 10%～70%, two-component developer is adopted in the magnetization of toner, promptly (1) is magnetized to 10～25emu/g in 5K oersted magnetic field, and (2) magnetization in 1K oersted magnetic field is 7～20emu/g.

Here, described " developing regional " is exactly, and separately the developer of the brush and sac like that forms is gone up at developer carrier (development sleeve) and contacted with the latent image carrier, can make the zone of the developable latent image on the latent image carrier with the toner in the developer.

In addition, described " attenuation rate of normal direction magnetic flux density " is exactly, by development magnetic pole (field generator for magnetic) difference, the peak value that makes the normal direction magnetic flux density that produces on the developer carrier surface is X, when the peak value that leaves the normal direction magnetic flux density of 1mm position in the footpath direction from developer carrier surface is Y, with the following formula evaluation

(1 formula) attenuation rate %={ (X-Y)/X} * 100

In developing method of the present invention, device, adopt magnetic color tuner, so toner by magnetic attraction to magnetic carrier, so, even when the linear velocity of development carrier is increased, dispersing of toner do not taken place yet.

And, at developing regional, the attenuation rate that results from the normal direction magnetic flux density of this developer carrier outer side surface is more than 50%, so narrowed width at the developing regional of developer carrier surface moving direction, even when adopting described magnetic color tuner, do not produce toner drift from the latent image carrier of image portion rearward end towards the developer carrier yet.And, short and the increase in density of the length of the developer of the brush and sac like of scattering at developing regional, even adopt described magnetic color tuner, the developer of brush shape is to the surface of the latent image carrier of developing regional, in the rotation center direction contact separation equably on the whole of developer carrier.Particularly under the condition that the linear velocity of development carrier increases, this effect is just big.

In addition, magnetic color tuner (A) contains the inorganic fine particles of being handled by silicone oil (external additive), and the ionization rate of this silicone oil is 10%～70%, it is desirable to 35%～55%, the magnetization of toner (1) is magnetized to 10～25emu/g in 5K oersted magnetic field, it is desirable to 15～20emu/g; (2) the magnetization 7～20emu/g in 1K oersted magnetic field it is desirable to 10～15emu/g; Therefore can prevent to duplicate and come off and the dispersing and the generation of " rear end deinking " that the toner drift causes of toner.

That is, contain the inorganic fine particles of the ionization rate of silicone oil, and adopt the magnetic color tuner that saturation flux is set in proper range at proper range, therefore, can obtain toner do not disperse, do not duplicate come off, surperficial non-staining high quality image.Development sleeve and photoreceptor diameter that particularly small-sized developing apparatus is such are little, the elastic caoutchouc doctor can only be used in purging system, and the described effect of this situation is big.

These effects are inferred by following reason.

Can be if moderately exist from the free silicone oil of external additive, so, the silicone oil of denier supplies to photoreceptor etc. constantly, because its surface energy is low, spread at photosensitive surface in the short time at the utmost point, the friction factor of photoreceptor is descended, can prevent photoreceptor scraped finish and abrasion.Adhesion decline with photoreceptor improves to the duplicating rate of duplicating parts, and toner residual on the photoreceptor reduces, and the load of cleaning reduces, and consequently, it is bad to have suppressed cleaning, can obtain image cleaning, preferable image.In addition, the adhering to of contaminant restraining matter and contrary charged, low charge species, polluter comprises developer and paper etc. and duplicates medium; Developer is the reason that imaging surface pollutes; Form the non-staining high-grade image in surface.

And free silicone oil can make the adhesion between the toner that is surrounded by the external additive of handling with silicone oil of the same race improve, and the adhesion between photoreceptor and the middle copying body is reduced.Usually developers such as the edge of literal portion, lines portion and round spot and central authorities adhere to many part utilization duplicating media compression, and tack strengthens between photoreceptor and the middle copying body, can not move to produce to duplicate at the duplicating electric field to come off.But present inventor's opinion is that if the free silicone oil of appropriateness exists, adhesion descends between photoreceptor and the middle copying body, even developer plasticity is low, is compressed strongly by hard duplicating medium, also can not produce during duplicating to come off.

Not only these usually, come off in order to prevent to duplicate, and adopt this method, promptly external additive are increased, and improve the coverage rate of toner surface, make and photoreceptor between adhesion descend; , when duplicating, because the electrostatic repulsion forces sensitivity response between the toner, developer disperses, and to duplicating image blurring that medium move, has to produce the drawback of polluting.In the present invention, because the cohesiveness height between the toner, have simultaneously to solve to duplicate and come off and the effect of the brilliance of image blurring, pollution problems.

Because this cohesiveness height between the toner, so toner particle can form whole moving by a plurality of particles when duplicating, the wide copy paper in the duplicating medium of concavo-convex severity and paper fibrous septum also can evenly duplicate.

Otherwise, if free silicone oil is too much, can produce such problem, promptly since between the toner cohesiveness excessive, so toner particle can not move separately when developing, just can not represent the image of high-resolution, can not realize proper image concentration.Therefore the free amount of silicone oil should be in suitable scope.

At the ionization rate of the silicone oil of the present invention regulation, its meaning is exactly the ratio (percentage by weight) of the shared silicone oil total amount of being handled by inorganic fine particles of the silicon ion that dissociates.Therefore, even the free silica oil mass suitable with the inorganic fine particles per unit weight equates that because the particle diameter of inorganic fine particles is different with surface area, ionization rate is also different.If ionization rate is few, its effect just can not be brought into play; Too much in addition, the negative effect that a large amount of silicone oil causes just shows consumingly, therefore compares with merely specifying a large amount of silicone oil liquid component amounts, no matter to what kind of inorganic fine particles, may have ubiquity with the corresponding this point of its quality always.

The magnetic color tuner (A) that adopts in the present invention it is desirable to, and contains the inorganic fine particles of carrying out heat treated with silicone oil at least, and the ionization rate of this silicone oil after the heat treated is 10%～70%, it is desirable to 35%～55%; The magnetization of toner (1) is magnetized to 10～25emu/g in 5K oersted magnetic field, it is desirable to 15～20emu/g; (2) the magnetization 7～20emu/g in 1K oersted magnetic field it is desirable to 10～15emu/g.

And the inorganic fine particles in the magnetic color tuner (A) it is desirable to be made of monox and/or titanium dioxide.

The size distribution of magnetic color tuner (A), (1) weight average particle diameter are 6.0～10.0 μ m, and the toner particle of more satisfactory is 6.0～8.0 μ m accounts for 40～80% number, and better is to account for 50～60% number; The toner particle of (2) 2～5 μ m has 20～80% number.More satisfactory is to account for 40～80% number.Therefore can obtain high-resolution and the high image of degree mutually of separating more.

In addition, weight average particle diameter is more than 6 μ m, and the therefore long-time toner charge of using is stable, can not produce image color and reduce, and particularly is difficult to be created in the problems such as image color reduction under the wet environment.In addition, therefore weight average particle diameter can improve the Xie Xiangdu of the tiny dots of 1200dpi below 10 μ m, also few to dispersing of non-image portion, and the good tendency of image quality is arranged.In addition, the following particle number of 5 μ m accounts for below 80%, therefore can suitably keep the flowability as toner, can carry out mixing of toner glossily, can suppress to take place because the image color inequality that the toner concentration inequality causes.The following particle number of other 5 μ m accounts for 20% when above, and the minuteness particle that can verily reproduce latent image exists in a large number, so when the image of Gao Xiexiang degree was exported, the repeatability of fine rule was good especially especially.

The distribution of toner granularity can be measured by the whole bag of tricks, adopts the special computing machine of Cole to carry out in the present invention.Promptly, adopt the special computing machine TA-11 of Cole type (the special company of Cole makes) as measurement mechanism, the interface (day section's mechanism) that number distributes, volume distributed median is exported is connected with PC9801 personal computer (NEC system), and electrolytic solution adopts 1 grade sodium chloride, modulation 1%NaCl aqueous solution.

As determination method, in described 10～15mL electrolytic aqueous solution, add the interfacial activity base as spreading agent, preferably add 0.1～5mL alkyl benzene sulfonate, also add and measure sample 2～20mL, carry out 1～3 minute dispersion treatment with ultrasonic disperser.Adding 100～200mL electrolytic aqueous solution in the beaker in addition, wherein add described sample dispersion liquid, to form the concentration of regulation, utilize the special computing machine TA-11 of described Cole type, as the aperture, check with 100 μ m apertures, with number as the check radix, measure the size-grade distribution of 2～40 μ m particles, calculate the volume distributed median of 2～40 μ m particles and number and distribute, obtain the weight average particle diameter (D4 :) of the weight basis of obtaining by volume distributed median the median of each raceway groove typical value as raceway groove.

And in the present invention, magnetic carrier in the developing apparatus of described invention preferably has at least with the coating of silicones as principal ingredient.Therefore the welding of toner reduces, and can keep charged for a long time.

According to the present invention, provide a kind of pattern forming method (figure formation device) and it is characterized in that in addition, adopt developer roll, developer roll has the non magnetic developer carrier and the field generator for magnetic that can rotate driving; This field generator for magnetic produces the magnetic field that developer is disperseed, and in the inboard that is positioned at this latent image carrier, this developer contains at the developing regional relative with the development carrier, toner and magnetic particle on this developer carrier; At this developing regional, the brush and sac like developer on this development carrier surface will be stated from, by consistent with the moving direction on this latent image carrier surface, and go back high-speed mobile than this latent image carrier surface, contact, make the developing procedure (developing apparatus) of the developable latent image on this latent image carrier, in pattern forming method (figure formation device), the rotary middle spindle from this developer carrier that is created in the normal direction magnetic flux density on this development carrier outer peripheral face at this developing regional is observed, angle is below 40 ° between the OmT pole-changing point of this developer carrier surface moving direction, this developer contains magnetic color tuner (A) and magnetic carrier (B) with magnetic at least; This magnetic color tuner (A) contains the inorganic fine particles of being handled by silicone oil at least, the ionization rate of this silicone oil is 10%～70%, two-component developer is adopted in the magnetization of toner, (1) in 5K oersted magnetic field, is magnetized to 10～25emu/g, (2) magnetization 7～20emu/g's in 1K oersted magnetic field.

Here so-called " OmT pole-changing point " be exactly, and when the central authorities of developer left away to developer carrier surface moving direction, the value of normal direction magnetic flux density became the point of OmT, that is, and and the point that the direction of normal direction magnetic flux density is reversed.

In developing method of the present invention, device, adopt magnetic color tuner, so toner by magnetic attraction to magnetic particle, so, even when the linear velocity of development carrier is increased, also difficult dispersing of toner takes place.

And, angle is below 40 ° between the OmT pole-changing point of described normal direction magnetic flux density, therefore even when adopting described magnetic color tuner, along with narrowed width at the developing regional of developer carrier surface moving direction, short and the increase in density of the length of the developer of the brush and sac like of scattering at developing regional, particularly under the condition that the linear velocity of development carrier increases, this effect is just big, and, therefore magnetic color tuner (A) contains and described same inorganic fine particles, can prevent to duplicate to come off and toner disperses and the toner drift causes " rear end deinking " takes place.

According to the present invention, provide a kind of pattern forming method (figure formation device) and it is characterized in that in addition, adopt developer roll, developer roll has the non magnetic developer carrier and the field generator for magnetic that can rotate driving; This field generator for magnetic produces the magnetic field that developer is disperseed, and in the inboard that is positioned at this latent image carrier, this developer contains at the developing regional relative with the development carrier, toner and magnetic particle on this developer carrier; At this developing regional, the brush and sac like developer on this development carrier surface will be stated from, by consistent with the moving direction on this latent image carrier surface, and go back high-speed mobile than this latent image carrier surface, contact, make the developing procedure (developing apparatus) of the developable latent image on this latent image carrier, in pattern forming method (figure formation device), the rotary middle spindle from this developer carrier that is created in the normal direction magnetic flux density on this development carrier outer peripheral face at this developing regional is observed, angle is below 20 ° between the OmT pole-changing point of this developer carrier surface moving direction, this developer contains magnetic color tuner (A) and magnetic carrier (B) with magnetic at least; This magnetic color tuner (A) contains the inorganic fine particles of being handled by silicone oil at least, the ionization rate of this silicone oil is 10%～70%, two-component developer is adopted in the magnetization of toner, (1) in 5K oersted magnetic field, is magnetized to 10～25emu/g, (2) magnetization 7～20emu/g's in 1K oersted magnetic field.

And, angle is below 20 ° between the OmT pole-changing point of described normal direction magnetic flux density, therefore even when adopting described magnetic color tuner, along with narrowed width at the developing regional of developer carrier surface moving direction, short and the increase in density of the length of the developer of the brush and sac like of scattering at developing regional, particularly under the condition that the linear velocity of development carrier increases, this effect is just big, and, therefore magnetic color tuner (A) contains and described same inorganic fine particles, can prevent to duplicate to come off and toner disperses and the toner drift causes " rear end deinking " takes place.

And, in described inventive images formation method (image processing system), have developer limiting member, developer collecting receiving part and toner resettlement section according to the present invention; The amount of the developer that developer limiting member restriction is carried on the developer carrier, carry to described developing regional; The developer collecting receiving part is accommodated with this developer limiting member, to the developer that limits of this developing regional conveying; The toner resettlement section has the toner replenishing opening, and it is from developer throughput direction upstream, adjacent with this developer carrier surface at adjoining position in this developer collecting receiving part; Be to utilize developer,, the toner in this toner resettlement section added developer according to the concentration of the toner of developer on this developer carrier along with developer is carried moving on this developer carrier.

In described inventive images formation method, device, in the position of using opening in abutting connection with described toner replenishing, the toner that the supplying developing agent of carrying with carrying on the development carrier is joined, mix developer, it is introduced from the supplying developing agent and the interface of accommodating developer of accommodating the developer collecting receiving part.If the toner concentration of the developer on the development carrier raises, the volume of developer just increases, therefore, the developer extension that is housed in the developer collecting receiving part is come, cover the toner replenishing opening, suppress toner and enter from the developer of toner resettlement section on the development carrier of toner replenishing with opening.Therefore even without toner replenishing mechanism and toner concentration sensor, also the toner concentration of developer can be controlled within the specific limits, so, small-sized cheap image processing system can be provided.

Particularly under the condition that the linear velocity of development carrier increases, this effect is just big, and, contain and described same inorganic fine particles as magnetic color tuner (A), so when toner is packed into, the developer toner of packing into efficiently is so even the many images of consumption of toner duplicate repeatedly, can prevent that also image color from reducing.In addition, utilize magnetic binding force to the magnetized developer carrier of toner self direction, can prevent effectively with the toner of developer carrier rotation disperse and to the development of surface portion.

In image forming method of the present invention, device, it is desirable to, has the second developer limiting member, between the toner replenishing adjacent with the described developer carrier surface of described toner resettlement section was with opening and described developer collecting receiving part, restriction was from the toner replenishing of this toner resettlement section amount with this developer of opening on this developer carrier that this developer collecting receiving part carrying is carried; Along with the hyperchromic concentration rising of this developer on this developer carrier, the limit amount of this developer increases, to set the gap between this second developer limiting member and this developer carrier surface.

In this image forming method, device, if the toner concentration of the developer on the development carrier raises, the thickness of developer just increases, and the throughput of the developer of increase limits with the second developer river bend system member.The developer of this restriction is with respect to the second developer limiting member, covers the toner replenishing opening of adjacency from developer throughput direction upstream, suppresses the entering of toner of the developer carried to the carrying of developer carrier from the toner resettlement section.Therefore,, also the toner concentration of developer can be controlled within the specific limits even without toner replenishing mechanism and toner concentration sensor, so, small-sized, cheap image-type device can be provided.Particularly effect is big under the big condition of the linear speed of developer carrier.

The present invention is in described inventive images formation method, device, and described developer carrier surface translational speed is preferably in below the 550mm/sec.Make developer carrier surface translational speed below 550mm/sec, so when the amount of the magnetic of toner is 10～50% weight, can prevent reliably that toner from dispersing.

And the present invention is in described inventive images formation method, device, and the absolute value of difference that puts on the image bias voltage (VB) of described developer carrier and the surface element voltage (VD) on the described latent image carrier is under 400V.100～300V preferably.The absolute value of difference that makes image bias voltage (VB) and surface element voltage (VD) therefore guarantees not take place the images inferior such as " rear end deinkings " that described toner drift causes under 400V.

The present invention is in described inventive images formation method, device, and described developer carrier surface translational speed is below 3.7 with respect to the ratio of described latent image carrier surface translational speed.It is desirable in 1.2～2.5 scopes.Developer carrier surface translational speed is below 3.7 with respect to the ratio of described latent image carrier surface translational speed, therefore guarantees not take place the deterioration such as " rear end deinking " figure matter that described toner drift causes.

The present invention it is desirable in described inventive images formation method, device, and the image bias voltage (VB) that puts on described developer carrier contains alternating component.Because the image bias voltage (VB) that will contain alternating component puts on described developer carrier, can obtain not having the image of the high definition of flickering sense, can guarantee to be reduced in significantly simultaneously the surface attachment magnetic particle.

The present invention is an image processing system, has the latent image carrier, forms device and the developable latent image on this latent image carrier is made as the developing apparatus of toner picture, the toner on this latent image carrier is looked like the copy device of duplicating portion material at the latent image that forms latent image on the latent image carrier; As this developing apparatus, also comprise the equipment of the developing apparatus that adopts described invention.

Adopt this image processing system,, also can suppress dispersing of toner, can will not have the image of " rear end deinking " shoddyization of figure of etc.ing to be formed on duplicating Shao material simultaneously even when the linear velocity of development carrier is increased.

And the present invention is a kind of image processing system, have the latent image carrier and form device at the latent image that forms latent image on this latent image carrier, the latent image on this latent image carrier is developed and be made as the toner picture developing apparatus, duplicate the middle copying body of the toner picture on this latent image carrier, the toner on this latent image carrier looked like to duplicate a copy device on the middle copying body, the toner on this middle copying body looked like to duplicate the secondary copy device of parts; As this image processing system, contain the equipment of the developing apparatus that adopts described invention.

In this image processing system, even when the linear velocity of development carrier is increased, also can suppress dispersing of toner, will there be image that " rear end deinking " the figure matter of etc.ing worsens simultaneously by the middle copying body, be formed on the duplicating parts.

And according to the present invention, a kind of image formation process unit is provided, it is characterized in that with the latent image carrier, make the same charged Charging system in this latent image carrier surface, and at least one clean this latent image carrier surface cleaning device, make the developable latent image on this latent image carrier and be made as the developing apparatus of hyperchromic map shadow, with respect to image forming device body, formation is as demountable, integrative-structure thing, as this developing apparatus, adopt the developing apparatus of described invention.

In image formation process of the present invention unit, to have on the image processing system main body that the image formation process unit of described developing apparatus is installed in and use, even when the linear velocity of developer carrier is increased, also dispersing of toner can be suppressed, the image that does not have shoddyization such as " rear end deinking " figure can be formed simultaneously.

The 3rd purpose of the present invention is, a kind of toner is provided, contain toner developer, and adopt the image processing system of developer; Make toner fully charged, the image that do not have the magnification error that duplicates, middle deinking being provided, duplicating skew, and be stranded clean the bad image contamination that causes, preferable image.

In addition, can provide a kind of toner that can obtain the repeatability excellent images of fine rule, medium tone, contain toner developer, and adopt the image processing system of developer.A kind of environmental stability is provided in addition, stable outstanding toner when using duration for a long time, contain toner developer, and adopt the image processing system of developer.And provide a kind of toner, developer that does not need the small-sized and cheap image processing system of toner supply device and toner concentration sensor and be used for image processing system.

As the photocopying roll that duplicates member, constitute by metal axle and the elastic bodys such as conductive foaming polyurethane around it usually.Adaptation between image carrier and the photocopying roll is influential to duplicating performance, so the external diameter tolerance of photocopying roll is by strict control, in general this photocopying roll is made with following method, will be on described metal shaft than the big elastomer bonded of aimed dia, use wheel grinding afterwards, to specification value to external diameter.Surface at the photocopying roll of making like this as shown in figure 26, by grinding process, produces small concavo-convex grinding hole 102, and grinding hole 102 is relative with the direction of described Surface Vertical, has the directivity of the direction of the regulation that tilts to predetermined angular.

The characteristics that come off from the centre that prevents duplicating, the direction in the grinding hole 102 that this is concavo-convex, rotate with the state that forms the opposite direction (hereinafter referred to as positive dirction) opposite with copy paper 103, copy paper 103 arrow B direction in as for example figure of recording materials is advanced; In arrow D direction, the peripheral speed of the photocopying roll 101 that move on the surface, with the surface in the arrow C direction, move as comparing as peripheral speed carrier, for example photoreceptor 1, speed is fast.But if there is difference in translational speed, it is bad to cause the precision of images, and the depth of parallelism, magnification error worsen, and produce the image of fidelity shortcoming sometimes.This be because, because the area ratio of toner on the photoreceptor 1, the slippage between photoreceptor and the paper changes and along with the slip quantitative change between photoreceptor and the paper is big, is subjected to duplicating the influence of upstream, downstream rollers easily, small deviation will amplification.

The present inventor can solve following problem simultaneously, be that described toner under the big condition of the linear velocity of developer carrier disperses and the image when duplicating comes off and cleans the problem of image quality deteriorations such as bad, rear end deinking, the problem that the translational speed difference on described photocopying roll and image carrier surface causes.

Promptly according to the present invention, provide a kind of image that is used for image processing system to form and use toner, it is characterized in that, this image processing system, the latent image that has the latent image carrier and form latent image on the latent image carrier form device, this latent image carrier is formed the developable latent image of latent image and be made as the developing apparatus of toner picture, the toner on this latent image carrier looked like to duplicate the copy device of parts; In this copy device, has the duplicating member that utilizes the method for making comprise grinding process to obtain, make the surface of this duplicating member do to circulate mobile, do not move between this duplicating member, not producing surperficial translational speed official post surface, and make the picture carrier subtend of this duplicating portion material and load image, form the clamping section between this image carrier and the duplicating portion material, make and duplicate parts by this clamping section, from above-mentioned image carrier to duplicating the parts copy image, this toner is the magnetic color tuner that is made of binding resin and magnetic at least, and contain the inorganic fine particles of handling by silicone oil, the ionization rate of this silicone oil is 10%～70%, and the magnetization of toner (1) is magnetized to 10～25emu/g, (2) magnetization 7～20emu/g's in 1K oersted magnetic field in 5K oersted magnetic field.

According to the present invention, provide a kind of described image to form and use toner, it is characterized in that described magnetic color tuner contains the inorganic fine particles of carrying out heat treated with silicone oil at least, the ionization rate of this silicone oil after the heat treated is 10%～70%.

According to the present invention, provide a kind of image formation of described arbitrary record to use toner, it is characterized in that the inorganic fine particles in the described magnetic color tuner is made up of monox and/or titanium dioxide.

According to the present invention, provide a kind of image formation of described arbitrary record to use toner, it is characterized in that the size distribution of described magnetic color tuner, (1) weight average particle diameter are 6.0～10.0 μ m, the following toner particle of (2) 5 μ m has 20～80% number.

According to the present invention, provide a kind of image formation of described arbitrary record to use toner, it is characterized in that the size distribution of described magnetic color tuner, (1) weight average particle diameter are 6.0～8.0 μ m, the following toner particle of (2) 5 μ m has 40～80% number.

According to the present invention, provide a kind of two constitutional diagram pictures to form and use developer, it is characterized in that the image formation that contains described arbitrary record is with toner and the magnetic carrier that is made of magnetic.

According to the present invention, provide a kind of two constitutional diagram pictures to form and use developer, it is characterized in that described magnetic carrier has dyed layer, dyed layer is principal ingredient at least with the silicones.

According to the present invention, a kind of image processing system is provided, it is characterized in that the latent image that has the latent image carrier and form latent image on this latent image carrier forms device; Be a kind of image processing system, have developing apparatus and copy device; Developing apparatus develops the latent image on this latent image carrier, is made as the toner picture; Copy device looks like to duplicate the toner on this latent image carrier on the parts; This developing apparatus inside has field generator for magnetic, has developer carrier, first limiting member, developer collecting receiving part, toner resettlement section; The developer carrier transmits the two-component developer of being made up of magnetic color tuner and magnetic carrier; Magnetic color tuner is made up of binding resin and magnetic at least, and magnetic carrier is made up of magnetic carrier at least; The amount of the described developer that the first river bend system member is used for being limited in described developer carrier carrying, transmit; The developer collecting receiving part is accommodated by the developer limiting member and is taken off the described developer that falls; The toner resettlement section is adjacent with described developer collecting receiving part, and toner supply is arrived described developer carrier; Utilize the variation of the concentration of the toner of developer on the described developer carrier, the contact condition of this developer and described toner is changed, and then make the toner of developer on the described developer carrier adopt state variation; Described developer collecting receiving part has second limiting member, and second limiting member is configured in the direction of transfer upstream side of comparing developer on the described developer carrier with first limiting member; Second limiting member is exactly, the concentration of the toner of developer rises on the described developer carrier, when this developer bed thickness increases, should limit this developer and increase passing through of part, gap between setting and the described developer carrier, and this copy device has the duplicating member that is obtained by the manufacture method that comprises grinding process, make the surface of duplicating member make shuttling movement, do not move between this duplicating member, making the surface with not producing surperficial translational speed difference, and make and duplicate parts and the image carrier subtend that is loaded with image, between this image carrier and duplicating member, form the clamping section, make and duplicate parts, image is duplicated on the parts from described image carrier by this clamping section; And the developer that adopts is exactly the two constitutional diagram pictures formation developer of described arbitrary record.

In general, for surperficial translational speed as this photocopying roll between carrier and the clamping section at photocopying roll, surperficial translational speed than image carrier is big, and utilization is sent to driving force the conveyer of photocopying roll from the image carrier, even the centre of literal comes off during for duplicating, also observed improvement; If but had surperficial translational speed poor, the precision of images, the depth of parallelism, magnification error variation just could not obtain preferable image.Therefore for duplicating translational surface with not producing surperficial translational speed difference between the member, and duplicating member and the image carrier subtend that is loaded with image, between this image carrier and duplicating member, form the clamping section, make the duplicating parts pass through the clamping section, from described image carrier image is duplicated parts, with this copy method the precision of images, the depth of parallelism, magnification error are improved, obtain correct image.Owing to have the convex-concave shape,, can transmit the duplicating parts so protuberance is non-slip.On the other hand, because literal come off (centre come off image) when duplicating, contain the inorganic fine particles of silicone oil ionization rate at proper range, and adopt the magnetic color tuner that saturated magnetization is controlled at proper range, so can improve, in addition, can obtain not having toner to disperse simultaneously and the high quality images of surface contamination.Resembling this class development pipe of small-sized developing apparatus and photoreceptor especially is path, the elastic caoutchouc doctor can only be used in the such situation of purging system, and described effect is big.

These effects have the reason of the following stated to infer

Can be if moderately exist from the free silicone oil of external additive, so, the silicone oil of denier supplies to photoreceptor etc. constantly, because its surface energy is low, spread at photosensitive surface in the short time at the utmost point, the friction factor of photoreceptor is descended, can prevent photoreceptor scraped finish and abrasion.Adhesion decline with photoreceptor improves to the duplicating rate of duplicating parts, and toner residual on the photoreceptor reduces, and the load of cleaning reduces, and consequently, it is bad to have suppressed cleaning, can obtain image cleaning, preferable image.In addition, the adhering to of contaminant restraining matter and contrary charged, low charge species, polluter comprises developer and paper etc. and duplicates coal body; Developer is the reason that imaging surface pollutes; Form the non-staining high-grade image in surface.

At the ionization rate of the silicone oil of the present invention regulation, its meaning is exactly the ratio (percentage by weight) of the shared silicone oil total amount of being handled by inorganic fine particles of the silicon ion that dissociates.Therefore, though the free silica oil mass suitable with the inorganic fine particles per unit weight equate because the particle diameter of inorganic fine particles is different with surface area, the ionization rate difference.If ionization rate is few, its effect just can not be brought into play; Too much in addition, the negative effect that a large amount of silicone oil causes just shows consumingly, therefore compares with merely specifying a large amount of silicone oil liquid component amounts, no matter to what kind of first machine particulate, may have ubiquity with the corresponding this point of its quality always.

Use toner in image formation of the present invention, it is characterized in that, contain the inorganic fine particles that useful silicone oil is handled, the ionization rate of this silicone oil is 10%～70%; The magnetization of toner (1) is magnetized to 10～25emu/g in 5K oersted magnetic field; (2) the magnetization 7～20emu/g in 1K oersted magnetic field.

At toner of the present invention, preferably contain the inorganic fine particles of carrying out heat treated with silicone oil.

And toner of the present invention, with the inorganic fine particles of silicone oil processing, preferably monox and/or titanium dioxide.

Toner of the present invention, the size distribution of its toner, (1) weight average particle diameter are 6.0～10.0 μ m, more satisfactory is 6.0～8.0 μ m; The following toner particle of (2) 5 μ m has 20～80% number.More satisfactory is to account for 40～80% number.Therefore can obtain high-resolution and the high image of degree mutually of separating more.

Weight average particle diameter is more than 6 μ m, and the therefore long-time toner charge of using is stable, can not produce image color and reduce, and particularly is difficult to be created in the problems such as image color reduction under the wet environment.In addition, therefore weight average particle diameter can improve the Xie Xiangdu of the tiny dots of 1200dpi below 10 μ m, also few to dispersing of non-image portion, and the good tendency of image quality is arranged.In addition, the following particle number of 5 μ m accounts for below 80%, therefore can suitably keep the flowability as toner, can carry out mixing of toner glossily, can suppress to take place because the image color inequality that the toner concentration inequality causes.The following particle number of other 5 μ m accounts for 20% when above, and the minuteness particle that can verily reproduce latent image exists in a large number, so when the image of Gao Xiexiang degree was exported, the repeatability of fine rule was good especially especially.

In addition, be that developing apparatus has toner of the present invention, inside has field generator for magnetic, have developer carrier, first metering unit, developer collecting receiving part and toner resettlement section; The developer carrier will contain two-component developer carrying, the carrying of toner, carrier; First limiting member, the restriction carrying is transmitted in the amount of the developer on the developer carrier; The developer collecting receiving part is accommodated and is used first limiting member, takes off the described developer that falls; Toner resettlement section and described developer collecting receiving part adjacency arrive described developer carrier with toner supply; Utilize the variation of the concentration of developer on the described developer carrier, the contact condition of this developer and described toner is changed, and then make the toner of developer on the described developer carrier adopt state variation; Described developer collecting receiving part has with first limiting member to be compared, and is configured in second limiting member of the direction of transfer upstream side of developer on the described developer carrier; Second limiting member is that the concentration of the toner of developer on the described developer carrier rises, when this developer bed thickness increases, should limit this developer and increase passing through of part, be used to set and described developer carrier between during the image processing system in gap, described magnetic color tuner is magnetized to 10～25emu/g in 5K oersted magnetic field, magnetization 7～20emu/g in 1K oersted magnetic field, even, can prevent that also image color from reducing so developer can add the many images of toner consumption of toner effectively and duplicates repeatedly when adding toner.In addition, utilize the magnetic binding force that generates to toner self magnetization to developer carrier direction, can prevent effectively with the toner of developer carrier rotation disperse and toner to the development of surface portion.In addition, can prevent effectively that developer breaks away from development sleeve and attached on the photoreceptor.And make and constitute the carrier particle diameter place on the developer in the development and diminish, the retention of toner is raise, even also can realize drawing a portrait fully concentration and line reproducibility at high speed copier.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the summary construction diagram of the developing apparatus of the embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is the summary construction diagram with inker of same developing apparatus;

Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b) are the key diagrams at self toner control gear of same developing apparatus;

Fig. 4 is the key diagram that acts on the power on the magnetic brush leading section toner;

Fig. 5 (a) is the key diagram that distributes at the axial magnetic brush of the development sleeve of developing regional;

Fig. 5 (b) is the key diagram with the full images of the inker output of present embodiment;

Fig. 6 (a)～Fig. 6 (c) is the key diagram that reduces rear end deinking mechanism;

Fig. 7 (a) is the key diagram of angle amplitude θ 1 between the OmT pole-changing point of the normal direction magnetic flux density Bn that caused by the development magnetic pole;

Fig. 7 (b) be the normal direction magnetic flux density Bn that causes by the development magnetic pole, at the key diagram of the half-angle degree amplitude θ 2 of development sleeve surface moving direction;

Fig. 8 is the figure that is illustrated in normal direction magnetic flux density attenuation rate and the relation between the rear end deinking amplitude of embodiment 11-1;

Fig. 9 is the figure that is illustrated in normal direction magnetic flux density attenuation rate and the relation between the lines amplitude aspect ratio of embodiment 11-1;

Figure 10 is the figure that is illustrated in the relation between the angle amplitude θ 1 and rear end deinking amplitude between the normal direction magnetic flux density OmT point of embodiment 11-2;

Figure 11 is the figure that is illustrated in the relation between the angle amplitude θ 1 and line thickness aspect ratio between the normal direction magnetic flux density OmT point of embodiment 11-2;

Figure 12 is illustrated in the normal direction magnetic flux density half-angle degree amplitude θ 2 of embodiment 11-3 and the figure of the relation between the rear end deinking amplitude;

Figure 13 is illustrated in the normal direction magnetic flux density half-angle degree amplitude θ 2 of embodiment 11-3 and the figure of the relation between the lines amplitude aspect ratio;

Figure 14 is the figure that is illustrated in development sleeve linear velocity and the relation between the toner amount of dispersing of embodiment 11-4;

Figure 15 is illustrated in the surface potential of embodiment 11-5 and the figure of the relation between the rear end deinking amplitude;

Figure 16 is illustrated in the surface potential of embodiment 11-5 and the figure of the relation between the lines amplitude aspect ratio;

Figure 17 is expression with respect at the ratio of the development sleeve linear velocity of the photoreceptor magnetic drum linear velocity of embodiment 11-6 and the figure of the relation between the rear end deinking amplitude;

Figure 18 is expression with respect at the ratio of the development sleeve linear velocity of the photoreceptor magnetic drum linear velocity of embodiment 11-6 and the figure of the relation between the lines amplitude aspect ratio;

Figure 19 is an artistic box figure summary construction diagram;

Figure 20 is the key diagram of the development section in the developing apparatus that develops that neutralizes in two component video picture modes;

Figure 21 (a)～Figure 21 (c) is the mechanism key diagram that produces the rear end deinking;

Figure 22 (a) is the key diagram that distributes at the axial magnetic brush of the development sleeve of the developing regional of routine at present developing apparatus;

Figure 22 (b) is the key diagram in the magnetic brush distribution of the development sleeve surface of same developing regional moving direction;

Figure 23 (a) is the key diagram that distributes at the axial magnetic brush of the development sleeve of the developing regional of routine at present developing apparatus;

Figure 23 (b) is the key diagram that produces the full images of rear end deinking;

Figure 24 is the key diagram in the magnetic color tuner distribution of magnetic brush leading section;

Figure 25 is illustrated in the development sleeve linear velocity among embodiment 1-4 and the comparative example 1-4 and the figure of the relation between the toner amount of dispersing;

Figure 26 is the key diagram of the subtend portion between photoreceptor and the photocopying roll;

Figure 27 is the summary pie graph with image processing system of imaging portion, duplicating portion, cleaning part;

Figure 28 is the skeleton diagram of the developing apparatus part of a routine image processing system of the present invention;

Figure 29 is the dynamic cross-sectional side view of an explanation example of the present invention at the developer of image processing system;

Figure 30 is the dynamic cross-sectional side view of an explanation example of the present invention at the developer of image processing system;

Figure 31 is the dynamic cross-sectional side view of an explanation example of the present invention at the developer of image processing system.

Embodiment

Below just be applicable to as the embodiment of the developing apparatus of the laser printer (hereinafter referred to as printing machine) of electro photography image processing system, the present invention is described.

At first, first purpose of the present invention is described, and is used in the summary of the printing machine of the embodiment corresponding with second purpose with Fig. 2.Photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 arrow A direction rotation in figure as the latent image carrier, and after the charged roller by contacting its surface charging with photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 50 is same charged, utilize light writing unit 51 according to the image information scan exposure, form electrostatic latent image on the surface.In the present embodiment, utilize described charged roller 50 and light writing unit 51 to constitute latent images and form devices, but utilize the Charging system of other kinds and exposure device also passable.The electrostatic latent image that forms on photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 utilizes developing apparatus 2 described later to develop, and forms the toner picture on photoreceptor magnetic drum 1.The toner picture utilization that forms on photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 has the copy unit as the photocopying roll 53 of copy device, from give carton 54 through feed roll 55, protection roller to 56, duplicate the conduct that is transferred duplicate parts with on the paper 52.Utilize fixation unit 57 fusing toner pictures with paper 52 after duplicate finishing, arrange outside machine.In addition, the remaining toner on the photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 that does not have to duplicate utilizes cleaning unit 58 to remove from photoreceptor magnetic drum 1.Residual charge on the photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 is removed with removing brush 59.

Secondly, illustrate and the one-piece construction of the developing apparatus of present embodiment.

Fig. 1 is the whole summary construction diagram of developing apparatus 2.This developing apparatus 2 is configured in the side of photoreceptor magnetic drum 1, the two-component developer (hereinafter referred to as developer) 3 that will contain magnetic color tuner 3a and magnetic particle (hereinafter referred to as magnetic carrier) 3b has nonmagnetic development sleeve 4 as the developer carrier that is carried on the surface.This development sleeve 4 is mounted to from the peristome of photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 side that is formed on chest 2a and exposes a part, utilization does not have illustrated drive unit, with the developing regional D of photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 subtend, developer is driven by the direction rotation that arrow B direction among 1 figure of below moves.In addition, in the inside of development sleeve 4, the magnetic roller 5 that configuration is made of the fixed magnet group as field generator for magnetic.

In addition, this developing apparatus has, scraper 6, developer collecting tank 7, as the toner funnel 8 of toner resettlement section; Scraper 6 is limited in the amount of development sleeve 4 to the developer of the developing regional D of carrying transmission as the developer limiting member; Developer collecting tank 7 is being provided with developer collecting receiving part S, is housed in scraper 6, the developer 3 between developer throughput direction upstream side, development sleeve 4 surfaces and scraper 6.Toner funnel 8 with the upstream side adjacency at the developer collecting receiving part S of the developer throughput direction of development sleeve 4, has the toner replenishing relative with the development sleeve surface with opening (hereinafter referred to as the toner replenishing mouth) 8a.Stirrer 9 as the toner agitating member is being set in the inside of toner funnel 8, the clockwise direction rotation that it is represented with arrow C in scheming on one side, on one side magnetic color tuner 3a is stirred to toner replenishing mouth 8a, send on one side.

Leading section (hood portion) near the development sleeve 4 of developer collecting tank 7 is used for as plate 7a, as second limiting member, and from toner funnel 8 supply magnetic color tuners, the amount of the developer that restriction will be advanced in developer collecting receiving part S.Accommodate developer with described developer collecting tank 7 at the developer collecting receiving part S that forms in addition, do not supply with, advance and stop with scraper at the developing regional relative with photoreceptor magnetic drum 1.

The surface of left magnetic roller 5 at the magnetic pole that extends along the rotation center direction of this roller, to the diametric(al) outside, is provided with a plurality of magnet, forms a plurality of.Specifically, form the development magnetic pole P1 (the N utmost point) that makes developer separate, be used to develop in the position relative with developing regional D, the half-angle value narrowed width of the normal direction field flux distribution density that this development magnetic pole causes, so P1 is relative with this development magnetic pole, respectively from the upstream and downstream of development sleeve sense of rotation, have auxiliary magnetic pole P1a (the S utmost point), P1b (the S utmost point) with development magnetic pole opposite polarity at adjoining position.In addition, at described developer collecting receiving part S, from the position relative with plate 7a to having magnetic pole P4 (the N utmost point) the described developing regional, to reach the magnetic force in magnetic field.And, the same on the surface of above-mentioned magnetic roller 5 with general developing apparatus, have be used for developer on one side continuous bearing at development sleeve 4, on one side the conveying magnetic pole P2 (the N utmost point), the P3 (the S utmost point) that carry.

The curve that dots around the development sleeve 4 in Fig. 1 is expression, is formed by each magnetic pole, in the lip-deep normal direction magnetic flux distribution of development sleeve of the direction of principal axis central portion of development sleeve 4.

Magnetic roller 5 forms the magnetic pole of 6 utmost points, to the auxiliary magnetic pole P1a magnetic pole is increased from described auxiliary magnetic pole P1b again, also can be with 8 utmost points and 10 utmost points as the magnetic roller that constitutes.

In addition, the area (hereinafter referred to as area of section) of the development magnetic pole P1 of magnetic roller 5 in the transversal section vertical with rotary middle spindle utilizes small magnet to constitute.If this transversal section diminishes, usually magnetic force weakens, if but the magnetic force on development sleeve surface is too small, and keep the power of carrier just insufficient, adhere to photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 so produce magnetic carrier sometimes.Therefore the magnet of should development magnetic pole P1 using utilizes the strong rare earth metal alloy magnet of magnetic force to make.

In the representational Fe-Nd-B alloy magnet, Maximum Energy Product is 358KJ/m among the rare earth metal alloy magnet ³, in Fe-Nd-B alloy Bond magnet, Maximum Energy Product is at 80KJ/m ³About.Therefore, with the Maximum Energy Product that adopts at present usually at 36KJ/m ³About, 20K/m ³About ferrite lattice, ferrite Bond magnet compare, can guarantee strong magnetic force, so, even adopt the little magnet in transversal section, also can guarantee the magnetic force on development sleeve surface.In order to ensure magnetic force, in addition can also adopt samarium-cobalt alloy magnet.

In addition, in the developing apparatus of present embodiment, at development sleeve 4, utilize developing bias voltage power supply 10 during development,, apply the bias voltage of DC voltage and alternating voltage overlapped vibration as developing bias voltage VB as the developing bias voltage bringing device.Surface element voltage (background portion voltage) VD and the voltage VL of image portion branch place between the maximal value and minimum value of described vibration bias voltage VB in addition.Utilization applies this vibration bias voltage, forms the mutual electric field that changes of direction at developing regional D.In this mutual electric field, the fierce vibration of the toner 3a of developer and magnetic carrier 3b, magnetic color tuner 3a overcomes to the electrostatic confinement power of development sleeve 4 and magnetic carrier 3b and magnetic confinement power, on the electrostatic latent image of the surface selectivity ground of photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 attached to formation.

The maximal value of the developing bias voltage VB that is made of described vibration bias voltage and poor (voltage between peak value) of minimum value are preferably 0.5～5KV, and the most desirable be 1.0～3.0KV, frequency is preferably 1～10KHz, and the most desirable be 2～5KHz.Waveform as the vibration bias voltage can use square wave, sine wave, triangular wave etc.The DC voltage composition of vibration bias voltage is exactly a value between surface element voltage VD and the voltage VL of image portion, but compares with the voltage VL of image portion, and the side near the value of surface element voltage VD prevents that preferably the toner that covers from adhering to surface element current potential zone.

In addition, when the waveform of described vibration bias voltage was square wave, No Load Ratio was preferably in 10～40% below 50%.Here so-called " No Load Ratio " is exactly that toner will be in the face of the ratio of time of photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 in a circulation of vibration bias voltage.Utilize the setting of this No Load Ratio can make toner become big towards the difference of the time average of the peak value of photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 and developing bias voltage, so, the motion of toner activates more, toner is reliably on the Potential distribution attached to electrostatic latent image, improve development capability, can improve flickering sense and resolving power.The magnetic carrier 3b that can make toner 3a in addition and have a reversed polarity electric charge diminishes towards the difference of the time average of the peak value of photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 and developing bias voltage, so, can make sedateization of motion of magnetic carrier 3a.Therefore prevent the confusing of toner of image rearward end, the repeatability of rear end deinking, line reproducibility, isolated point improves.But also adhere to the effect that probability significantly reduce of carrier that be magnetic at the surface element of electrostatic latent image.

Secondly, the developing operation of the developing apparatus of described structure is described according to Fig. 1.Developer 3 on the development sleeve 4 utilizes scraper 6 restrictions and thin layerization along with the rotation of the arrow B direction of this development sleeve 4 transmits.By the developer 3 of thin layerization be transported to the relative developing regional D of the photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 of arrow A direction rotation.At this developing regional D, magnetic color tuner supplies to the electrostatic latent image that is formed on the photoreceptor magnetic drum 1, and electrostatic latent image carries out visualization processing.Be transmitted again by the rotation of the developer on the development sleeve 4 of developing regional D, arrive the position relative with toner replenishing mouth 8 with development sleeve 4.At this toner replenishing mouth 8a, the magnetic carrier 3a in the toner funnel 8 send, are detained with stirrer, to contact with developer on the development sleeve 4.At toner replenishing mouth 8a, adopt after the new magnetic carrier 3a, return developer collecting receiving part S.And the developer 3 that contains new magnetic carrier 3a is pressed in the restrictions that is formed by scraper 6 increases.Press in this in developer that increases, utilization makes toner charged with the frictional electrification of magnetic carrier.Do not supply with to described developing regional on the other hand, the part of the developer 3 that stops with scraper 6 circulate mobile in developer collecting receiving part S.

Secondly, adopt Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b), the control of self toner concentration is described when the developing operation of this developing apparatus.In addition, the two-dot chain line among Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b) represents, represents the interface between the developer of mutual Different Dynamic.

At first, in the early stage agent of developing apparatus conduct, setting has the toner concentration of regulation and the developer of weight, if the development sleeve rotation is driven, developer 3 is divided into transmission developer 3-1 and accommodates developer 3-2 two parts.Transmit developer 3-1 and carry with magnetic force, for bringing back to the developer that transmit on this surface on the surface of development sleeve 4.Accommodate developer 3-2 and accommodate developer collecting receiving part S exactly, with described transmission developer 3-1 move in developer collecting receiving part S the developer that circulation is moved.

In developer collecting receiving part S, produce as shown in Figure 34 kinds of developer streams F1, F2.First kind of developer stream F1 is the stream by the transmission developer 3-1 that flows through between development sleeve 4 and the stripper roll 11.Second kind of developer stream F2 makes developer along rising the circular flow of accommodating developer 3C that the space between scraper 6 and stripper roll 11 produces on the back side of scraper 6 with scraper 6.

To produce the state of described developer stream F1, F2 in described developer collecting receiving part S, if magnetic color tuner 3a is arranged on toner funnel 8, from toner replenishing mouth 8a, magnetic color tuner 3a supplies to the transmission developer 3-1 of carrying and development sleeve 4.Supplied with the developer on the development sleeve 4 of magnetic color tuner, be sent to developer collecting receiving part S with magnetic color tuner.And in transmitting the way, the magnetic color tuner of supplying with to transmission developer 3-1 enters some to the axle center position of development sleeve 4.The transmission developer 3-1 that has supplied with magnetic color tuner by the restriction site that forms by plate 7a after, its part is mixed accommodating between the developer 3-2.Utilize the mixing of this developer, replace mutually between two developers, it is charged etc. to carry out toner that frictional electrification that toner in developer disperses to stir the homogenising, magnetic color tuner and the magnetic carrier that cause causes.

Then, if because the supply of described magnetic color tuner, toner concentration in the developer 3 rises gradually, the volume that transmits developer 3-1 increases, therefore from the position of toner replenishing mouth 8a subtend to the restriction site interval that scraper 6 forms, the bed thickness thickening of the transmission developer 3-1 on the development sleeve 4.With this simultaneously, the ratio of the magnetic carrier of the transmission developer 3-1 on the development sleeve 4 reduces, and therefore the magnetic force that transmits developer 3-1 is weakened, therefore, the translational speed that transmits developer 3-1 reduces, and the bed thickness of the transmission developer 3-1 on the development sleeve 4 in described interval becomes more and more thicker.The transmission developer 3-1 of this bed thickness thickening is subjected to strongly from the power (damping force) of described scraper 6 prevention direction of transfers, and the translational speed that transmits developer 3-1 becomes more and more lower.

And, with the position of toner replenishing mouth 8a subtend, the upper layer part of the transmission developer 3-1 of bed thickness thickening takes off with described plate 7a, as shown in Figure 3, is detained at the developer direction of transfer upper reaches of described plate 7a.Below the developer that will be detained is called " delay developer " 3-3.This delay developer 3-3 is with the mobile shuttling movement that carries out of the transmission developer 3-1 that is in contact with it.The magnetic color tuner 3a that sends into toner replenishing mouth 8a is attracted in the part that transmission developer 3-1 exposes, and introduces from the junction of two streams P that transmits developer 3-1 and delay developer 3-3 simultaneously, guides in the developer.

If the toner concentration of developer 3 rises, shown in Fig. 3 (b), the amount of the delay developer 3-3 that is detained at toner replenishing mouth 8a increases, be detained developer 3-3, the face that exposes of the transmission developer 3-1 that contacts with magnetic color tuner blocks, and the junction of two streams P of two developers also moves to the developer throughput direction upstream extremity of toner replenishing mouth 8a.With this simultaneously, delay developer 3-3 self the circulation translational speed of described toner replenishing mouth 8a also reduces.At this constantly, magnetic color tuner roughly finishes to the employing of developer, and toner concentration can not rise again.

Adopt described magnetic color tuner, the part (upper layer part) of the transmission developer 3-1 by gap between plate 7a and the development sleeve 4 mixes with accommodating developer 3-2, and its part is carried to development sleeve 4 once more.Transmission developer 3-1 by gap between development sleeve 4 and the scraper is transported to the developing regional D with photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 subtend.And at developing regional D, magnetic color tuner supplies to the electrostatic latent image that forms on the photoreceptor magnetic drum 1, is used for the development of electrostatic latent image.

Utilize the development of the electrostatic latent image of photoreceptor magnetic drum 1, if the magnetic color tuner on the development sleeve 4 is consumed, the toner concentration of this part just reduces, and the conveying capacity that utilizes development sleeve 4 to affact developer just increases, simultaneously, the volume of the developer of this part just reduces.And the bed thickness of the transmission developer 3-1 of described leading section restriction by plate 7a reduces, and the amount that is trapped near the delay developer 3-3 the toner replenishing mouth 8a reduces, and the circulation translational speed of being detained developer 3-3 also rises.And at toner replenishing mouth 8a, utilize transmission developer 3-1 that development sleeve 4 carries and contact from the magnetic color tuner 3a in the toner funnel 8, adopt magnetic color tuner once again, the toner concentration of developer 3 increase as mentioned above.

As mentioned above, variation according to the toner concentration on the development sleeve 4, the restriction state that is caused by the described plate 7a of the transmission developer 3-1 on the development sleeve 4 changes, the toner concentration of the developer of the part that described magnetic color tuner is consumed, and self controls within the limits prescribed.Therefore the toner concentration of the transmission developer 3-1 on the development sleeve 4 often remains on roughly in the certain limit.So the toner concentration control gear of complexity such as toner concentration sensor and toner replenishing portion material has not just been wanted.

In addition, the part of the transmission developer 3-1 on the development sleeve 4 is peeled off, also can with developer collecting receiving part S in accommodate the peeling member that developer 3-2 mixes usefulness, in developer collecting receiving part S with development sleeve 4 on surperficial subtend setting.When this peeling member is provided with, can promotes to transmit developer 3-1 and accommodate developer 3-2 replacement, so, can prevent that the charged ability of magnetic carrier in the developer 3 from reducing developer 3 premature deterioration that cause.In addition, the mixing that utilize to transmit developer 3-1 and accommodate developer 3-2, the toner of developer disperse to stir, with the image width direction of developer throughput direction quadrature, the toner concentration homogenising is not so can there be the mottled good development of figure concentration.

Secondly, illustrate be used for the embodiment corresponding with the 3rd purpose of the present invention, as the laser printer of image processing system.

Figure 27 is the structural drawing with image processing system of imaging of the present invention portion, duplicating portion and cleaning part.This image processing system has, contact with surface as the photoreceptor magnetic drum 201 of carrier rotation charged rotary body charged roller 202 and with 201 frictions of photoreceptor magnetic drum, the cleaning unit 206 on the surface of cleaning photoreceptor magnetic drum 201.And have photocopying roll 205, when transmitting copy paper T, the developed image with photoreceptor magnetic drum 201 duplicates copy paper T simultaneously.

Photoreceptor magnetic drum 201 is the visual carriers with optical conductive layer such as OPC, when imaging is moved, presses clockwise direction rotation among the figure.Apply high-tension electricity during charged roller 202 imaging, give electric charge equally on the surface of photoreceptor magnetic drum 201 and charged.Negative charge by eliminating from the laser of light writing unit on the photoreceptor magnetic drum 201 forms electrostatic latent image.The 204th, developer, toner is being accommodated by portion within it, by the rotation of development sleeve 204, attached to the visual carrier surface on the photoreceptor magnetic drum 201, makes at the electrostatic latent image of this formation visual toner.And the image that forms on photoreceptor magnetic drum 201 utilizes the rotation of photoreceptor magnetic drum 201, is sent to the clamping section of photocopying roll 205 and photoreceptor magnetic drum 201.Then, by the paper feeding wheel, be transported to protection roller 202, the copy paper T of standby cooperates with the image of photoreceptor magnetic drum 201 in good time, sends with protection roller 205.Photocopying roll 205 applies simultaneously when the front end of T enters the clamping section and duplicates biasing, gives the electric charge of toner and reversed polarity on the photoreceptor on photocopying roll 205, and toner looks like to duplicate copy paper T.In addition for copy paper T is separated with photoreceptor magnetic drum 201, so applying bias voltage or ground connection except that on the acusector 205A.If do not duplicate copy paper T, the clean plate that remains in the usefulness 206A such as toner of photoreceptor magnetic drum 201 is peeled off, and delivers to the used toner recoverer of cleaning unit 206 afterwards.At last, residual electric charge on the magnetic drum is eliminated in burn-out that photoreceptor magnetic drum 201 utilizes does not have illustrated QL (removing electric light), prepares printing next time.In addition, the copy paper T that has been duplicated the toner picture by photocopying roll 205 removes electric charge by removing acusector 205A, carries out hot photographic fixing by fixing roller, is discharged to outside the machine with ejector roller.

Photocopying roll 205 is installed in the outstanding claw of structure under the main body by compression spring, electric conductivity bearing, can move to the photoreceptor direction.Photocopying roll 205 utilizes photoreceptor magnetic drum 201 not have illustrated driving gear drives, transmits copy paper T.In the present invention, for example the linear velocity of photoreceptor magnetic drum 201 is made as 120mm/s, and the target of the linear velocity of copy paper T is exactly and the same speed of photoreceptor.This is in order to improve visual precision.But, be used for the influence of diameter of the transfer roller in photocopying roll skin-friction coefficient, upstream, downstream, may not be same speed, actual linear differential with about ± 0.4% transmits.

Photocopying roll 205 is arranged on elastomer layer on the metal axial region, with this elastomer layer grinding, forms the diameter (for example diameter is 16mm) of regulation.As the material of these photocopying roll 205 elastomer layers, can adopt the polyurathamc of electric conductivity.Hardness is preferably 28 °～33 ° (AsKer-C), and the amount of nipping that for example has 0.2～0.5mm with photoreceptor magnetic drum 201 contacts.And for example before and after the power that applies of photoreceptor, all being made as 10N～18N, resistance is 10 ⁵～10 ⁷Ω, elastic body particle diameter 50 μ m～200 μ m.

In addition, relative by the grinding generation as previously mentioned on described photocopying roll 205 surfaces with the direction of Surface Vertical, the small concavo-convex grinding hole 102 of directivity of the prescribed direction at regulation angle of inclination is arranged.Photocopying roll 205 transmits paper with the grinding hole along the hole direction, as open 2000-66535 the spy, in the hope of preventing magnification error, duplicating dislocation.

Secondly, the developer that embodiments of the invention adopt is described.

Be used for magnetic color tuner of the present invention, be magnetized to 10～30emu/g in the magnetic field of 1000Oe, that desirable is 15～20emu/g.More than 10emu/g, the magnetic bias effect of toner is just big, has not take place that toner disperses and the advantage of surface contamination, and in addition, below the 30emu/g, the magnetic bias effect of toner is not excessive, has the advantage that image concentration does not reduce.

In addition, be used for other routine magnetic color tuners of the present invention, this magnetic color tuner contains the inorganic fine particles of being handled by silicone oil at least, the ionization rate of this silicone oil is 10%～70%, magnetic color tuner is magnetized to 10～25emu/g in 5K oersted magnetic field, it is desirable to is 15～20emu/g, and the magnetization 7～20emu/g in 1K oersted magnetic field it is desirable to 10～17emu/g; Why being magnetized to 10emu/g and being magnetized to more than the 7emu/g in 1K oersted magnetic field in 5K oersted magnetic field, is because the magnetic bias effect of toner is big, and the difficult toner that takes place disperses and surface contamination; In addition, why being magnetized to 25emu/g and being magnetized to below the 20emu/g in 1K oersted magnetic field in 5K oersted magnetic field, is that image concentration does not reduce because the magnetic bias effect of toner is not excessive.Owing to satisfy the magnetization (hysteresis curve rising height) of 1K oersted and 5K oersted two aspects, so the condition in the developing machine (magnetization and linear speed etc.) even change, also can obtain stable development capability.

Described toner can be with present known method manufacturing.Specifically, for example, utilizing binding resin, magnetic, the potpourri that constitutes of release agent, charge control agent, colorant and adjuvant arbitrarily as required, with the defibrator melting mixing, cooling curing afterwards, with its crushing and classification, external additives such as inorganic micro powder body are mixed obtaining as required.

As this binding resin, known can both the use.For example, styrene, polyvinyl toluene, the styrene of tygon benzene first and so on and the substance zoarium of replacement thereof, styrene-p-chlorostyrene copolymer, styrene-ethylene base toluene copolymer, styrene-ethylene base naphthalene copolymer, styrene-propene acid fat copolymer, styrene-methacrylate fat copolymer, styrene-α-An Jinai sulfonic acid methyl copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile styrene copolymer, styrene-ethylene ylmethyl ether copolymer, styrene-ethylene benzyl ethyl ether copolymer, styrene-ethylene base toluene, styrene-ethylene base toluene ketone copolymer, the styrene-butadiene copolymer, the styrene-isoprene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile-isoprene copolymer, the phenylethylene copolymer of styrene-acrylonitrile-indenes copolymer and so on, Polyvinylchloride, cresol resin, natural modified cresol resin, this property Mali dark purple of natural resin, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, polyvinyl acetate, silicones, notes type resin, polyurethane, polyamide, furane resin, epoxy resin, xylene resin, butyral resin, rosin, sex change rosin, terpene resin, tonka-bean-indene resin, aliphatics or aliphatic hydrocarbon, aromatic petroleum resin, chlorinated paraffin, paraffin etc. can be as independent or mix and use.

The spy is in addition in the heating and pressurizing fixed form, as binding resin, owing to use notes type resin, so the melt and dissolved property of the carrier fluid of anti-chlorine is good, can obtain heat is taken turns the good toner of anti-print through.

In adopting the pressure fixing mode, polypropylene, naphthenic hydrocarbon, polyurethane elastomer, ethene-ethylacrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate resin copolymer, ionic bond fluoropolymer resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-isoprene copolymer, wire saturated ester, paraffin etc. are for example arranged.

In the present invention, in order to have improved charged stability, development, flowability, permanance, so preferably adopt adjuvant.As these adjuvants, for example have, metal oxides such as cerium oxide, zirconia, monox, titanium dioxide, aluminium oxide, zinc paste, antimony oxide, tin oxide, with micropowder fluidity improving agent and for example resin microparticles such as fluorine series plastics particulate, silicon series plastics particulate, allyl series plastics particulate such as silit, silicon nitrides.With cleaning additives such as metal base series smoothing preparation such as zinc stearate, calcium stearate, aluminium stearate, dolomols.Wherein, particularly as mobile improver, monox, titanium dioxide are best; As clean-out system, zinc stearate is best.

The fluidity enhancers of using in the present invention is preferably share processing with silicon varnish, various modification silicon varnish, silicone oil, various modified silicon oil, silane coupling agent, the silane coupling agent with functional group, other treating agent such as organo-silicon compound or various treating agent as required.

For example have as inorganic fine particles in the example of the described inorganic fine particles of use among the present invention: silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide, titanium dioxide, barium titanate, magnesium titanate, calcium titanate, strontium titanates, iron oxide, cupric oxide, zinc paste, tin oxide, silica sand, clay, mica, wollastonite, zeyssatite, chromium oxide, cerium oxide, iron oxide red, antimony trioxide, magnesium oxide, zirconia, barium sulphate, barium carbonate, lime carbonate, silit, silicon nitride etc.The present invention considers to have good charged stability when having the mobile effect of good enhancing, and preferred monox or titanium dioxide, the relative toner of addition are 0.1 to 5 weight %, preferably use 0.3 to 5 weight %.

In the present invention, be that Japanese gasoloid company produces MOX80 (an about 30nm of mean grain size), MOX50 (an about 40nm of mean grain size) and TT600 (an about 40nm of mean grain size) as the best material that adopts; The emerging product of bright dipping society produces, and IT-PB (an about 40nm of mean grain size), reaches IT-PC (an about 60nm of mean grain size); Fuji titanium industry society produces, TAF110A (mean grain size is about 40～50nm), and TA510 (mean grain size about 40～50nm) etc. can both be used well.When these inorganic fine particles were used as toner, no matter separately usefulness, or two or more mixing used could.

The silicone oil that the present invention uses can use dimethyl silicon oil, methyl phenyl silicone oil, fluoro phenyl silicone oil, methyl hydrogenation diene silicone oil, alkyl modified silicon oil, fluorine modified silicon oil, polyether modified silicon oil, pure modified silicon oil, amino-modified silicone oil, epoxide modified silicone oil, epoxidized polyether modified silicon oil, phenol modified silicon oil, carboxy-modified silicone oil, sulfhydryl modified silicone oil, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid modified silicon oil, αJia Jibenyixi modified silicon oil etc.

Use hundreds of ℃ in baking oven in advance, the inorganic fine particles that fully dehydrates is contacted equably, with silicone oil attached to the inorganic particles sub-surface.When adhering to, inorganic fine particles powder and silicone oil are utilized the mixer of rotating vane etc., and powder shaped is directly mixed fully, and utilization can be diluted the lower dissolution with solvents silicone oil of boiling point of silicone oil, the inorganic fine particles powder is immersed in the liquid, utilizes solvent is removed dry method making.When the viscosity of silicone oil is high, is preferably in the liquid and handles.

Afterwards, the inorganic particle that silicone oil is adhered to makes the water acidic group that adopts inorganic powder surface to implement thermal treatment from 100 ℃ to hundreds of ℃ baking oven, forms silane oxygen knot between metal and the silicone oil, and can make more producing high-molecular and crosslinked of silicone oil self.In silicone oil, contain bronsted lowry acids and bases bronsted lowry, slaine, tin octoate, dibutyl tin catalyst such as () in advance, promote reaction also can.Inorganic fine particles also can be carried out the processing undertaken by hydrophobing agents such as silane coupling agents in advance before silicone oil is handled in addition.One side of the inorganic particle of hydrophobization processing in advance, the absorption quantitative change of silicone oil is many.Utilize this thermal treatment, roughly stipulate the free silica oil mass, but do not have free silicone oil not necessarily to combine, locate to comprise the material of physisorption at the pore on particulate surface etc. with the inorganic fine particles surface chemistry of the present invention.Be exactly to contact more in detail, from the simple composition that breaks away from of inorganic fine particles, by determination method definition described later.

The mensuration of silicone oil ionization rate can be measured by following sizing technique.

1. the extraction of free silicone oil

Sample is soaked in methenyl choloride, stirs, places.In the solid constituent that utilizes after clear liquid is removed in centrifuging, add new methenyl choloride, stir and place.Repeat this operation, remove free silicone oil.

2. the carbon amount is quantitative

The carbon amount quantitatively, utilize CHN Atomic Absorption SpectrophotometerICP (CHN coding-MT-5 type (～make))

The mensuration of 3 silicone oil ionization rates

The silicone oil ionization rate is obtained by following formula.

(2) silicone oil ionization rate=(C0-C1)/C0 * 100%

CO: carbon amount in the sample before the draw out operation

C1: carbon amount in the sample behind the draw out operation

In the present invention, also can with flowing agent of the present invention will not implement the known inorganic fine particles of surface-treated and/or, utilize the hydrophobization treating agent beyond the silicone oil to carry out the known inorganic fine particles of surface-treated, be combined into more than one uses.As the hydrophobization treating agent, can for example list has, and the couplant of organosilane couplant, the agent of first silicomethane, the organosilane couplant with fluorinated alkyl, organic titanate series couplant aluminium series etc. are as desirable surface conditioning agent.

And the inorganic fine particles of usefulness, use littler than the inorganic fine particles mean particle diameter of handling by silicone oil.Because this little inorganic fine particles, the coverage rate of toner surface rises, and can give developer with suitable flowability, can guarantee faithful reappearance and development amount for the latent image when developing.Can prevent in addition toner when developer is preserved cohesion, curing,

Be used for flowability of the present invention and give agent, for toner, preferably the operating weight ratio is 0.1～2%.When weight ratio less than 0.1%, lack the effect of improving the toner cohesion, surpass at 2% o'clock in weight ratio, the toner between fine rule disperses, and has the tendency that is easy to generate machine internal contamination, photoreceptor damage and wearing and tearing.Be in main points of the present invention, even addition is few, also can guarantee the flowability stipulated, even in the duplicating of long-time, many numbers, when printing, also can keep the image quality of high image resolution, this effect is exactly that the quantitative change of the following toner of 5 μ m is many, add the mobile situation that gives agent according to volume, just can clear and definite effect.

In addition, in developer of the present invention, in the scope that does not cause substantial baneful influence, can also add other adjuvant, for example polytetrafluorethylepowder powder, zinc stearate powder, Kynoar powdery type lubricant powder; Or lapping compound such as ceria oxide powder, silicon carbide powder, strontium titanate powder; Perhaps electric conductivity such as hydrocarbon black powder, Zinc oxide powder, stannic oxide powder invest agent; In addition, also can use white particles of reversed polarity and black particle as the developer reinforcing agent on a small quantity.

The magnetic thing that uses in the magnetic color tuner of the present invention can use magnetic iron oxide such as tri-iron tetroxide, haematite, ferrite, iron, cobalt, nickel class magnetic metal; The composite metal oxide alloy or the potpourri of iron oxide or magnetic metal and cobalt, tin, titanium, copper, lead, zinc, magnesium, manganese, aluminium, silicon metalloid.In addition, can be that bonding agent coats colorants such as carbon black also on these surfaces with silane coupling agent.

The amount of organosilane couplant, with respect to magnetic iron oxide particles, operating weight number percent is 0.3～3.0%, it is desirable to be used in 0.3～1.5%, when less than 0.3%, colorant is insecure to adhering to of iron oxide particles, so the colorant on the dispersion step magnetic surface of magnetic comes off when making toner, produces problems such as fuzzy.In addition, if surpass 3% percentage by weight, it is inhomogeneous that the colorant overlayer on iron oxide particles surface becomes, and the dispersed variation in toner, opposite extreme situations are to produce the problem of combined oxidation iron particle self granulation.

And, the amount of colorant, with respect to magnetic iron oxide particles, percentage by weight is 3～2%, it is desirable to be used in 5～15%, when less than 5%, can produce this problem, i.e. the degree of staining variation of magnetic self, therefore, the image concentration of output reduces.In addition, if surpass 20% percentage by weight, the flowability of magnetic reduces, the dispersed variation of magnetic when toner is made, and, be easy to generate disengaging from the carbon black of magnetic, form the bottom surface fuzzy wait visual unusually.

The particle surface of magnetic iron oxide particles powder coats with silane coupling agent, must on one side silane coupler solution be sprayed on the magnetic iron oxide particles, on one side the mixing stirring.As the silane coupling agent that uses in the bonding agent, for example have: hexamethyldisilazane, trimethyl silane, trimethyl chlorosilane, trimethylethoxysilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, methyl trichlorosilane, allyldimethylcholrosilane, the allyl phenyl dichlorosilane, the benzyl methyl chlorosilane, the bromomethyl dimethylchlorosilane, α-chloroethyl trichlorosilane, β-chloroethyl silicofluoroform, CMDMCS chloromethyl dimethyl chlorosilane, three organosilane mercaptan, trimethyl silyl mercaptan, three Organosilyl acrylate, ethene dimethyl acetoxylsilane, dimethylethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysil,ne, the diphenyl diethoxy silane, HMDO, 1, the 3-divinyl tetramethyl disiloxane, 1,3-diphenyl tetramethyl disiloxane.

As the magnetic that adopts in the present invention, particularly as magnetic oxide tri-iron tetroxide preferably, with known manufacture method manufacturing.For example, ferric sulfate aqueous solution is neutralized with alkaline aqueous solution, obtain ferric hydroxide.Afterwards pH value is adjusted to the ferric hydroxide suspending liquid more than 10,, obtained tri-iron tetroxide to contain the gas cyaniding of aerobic.Afterwards, with slurry washing, filtration, dry, pulverizing, obtain the tri-iron tetroxide particle.

As the best form of these ferromagnetism bodies, be actually not siliceous spherical magnetic, each averaged particles directly is that 0.2～0.4 μ m it is desirable to 0.2～0.3 μ m.Amount as containing in the magnetic color tuner it is desirable to 5～80wt% for toner, it is desirable to especially, is preferably 10～30wt% for toner.

As the shape of particle of magnetic, 8 bodies, 6 bodies, sphere, needle-like, flakey are arranged, spherical anisotropy is few, is desirable.

In addition, be used for the magnetic of magnetic color tuner of the present invention, the content of FeO it is desirable to 5～50wt%, and comparatively ideal is 10～30wt%, and that better is 10～25wt%, it would be desirable 15～25wt%, and specific surface area it is desirable to 1～60m ²/ g, comparatively ideal is 3～20m ²/ g.

Magnetized mensuration adopts REM-1 type magnetization determinator (eastern English industry society system), puts into the container of internal diameter φ 6mm, high 2mm with measuring sample, makes to apply magnetic field and slowly change, until maximum 10000 oersteds.Make then to apply the magnetic field minimizing, finally obtain being recorded in the B-H loop on the paper.Therefore can obtain saturated magnetization, residual magnetization, coercive force.

At toner, preferably adopt with add in the charge control agent to toner particle or outside add to toner particle.Form quantity of electric charge control by charge control agent, particularly in the present invention, adopted charge control agent, so effective when being used for the described developing method of not controlling toner concentration according to the best of toning system.

As the charge polarity controlling agent that is used for toner, just can with at present known.

As the positive polarity controlling agent, the modifier that obtains by nigrosine and fatty acid metal salts etc.; Level Four amine salt such as tributyl benzyl ammonia-1-hydroxyl-4-naphthalene sulfonate, tetrabutyl ammonia tetrafluoroborate; Two organic oxidation tin such as Dibutyltin oxide, dioctyl tin oxide, dicyclohexyl tin oxide; Two organic boronic tin such as dibutyl boric acid tin, dioctyl boric acid tin, dicyclohexyl boric acid tin can use separately also and can mix use more than 2 kinds.Wherein, preferably use nigrosine based compound, the agent of organic quaternary ammonium compound salt Polarity Control.

As the negative polarity controlling agent, for example organometallics, chelate are effective.As example wherein, acetopyruvic acid aluminium, acetopyruvic acid iron (II), 3,5-tert-butyl salicylic acid chromium etc., particularly cetylacetone metallic complex, Monoazo metal complex, naphthoic acid or salicylic acid are that metal complex or salt are preferred, and more preferably salicylic acid is that metal complex, Monoazo metal complex or salicylic acid are slaine.

Described charge control agent preferably uses finely particulate, and preferred particularly 3 μ m are following, the mean grain size of preferred 0.1～2.5 μ m.

The use amount that is used for the charge control agent of toner use, the kind of binding resin, as required, method for preparing toner decision by the having or not of the adjuvant that comprises use, process for dispersing, so can not limit simply, but it is desirable to, for cementing agent 100 weight portions, scope in 0.1～20 weight portion, it is desirable to, in 0.2～10 weight portion, use.When less than 0.1 weight portion, the carried charge deficiency of toner, impracticable.If when surpassing 20 weight portion, the excessive electrostatic attraction with carrier of the carried charge of toner increases, and the flowability of developer reduces and image concentration reduces so cause.

Also can add colorants such as pigment and dyestuff as required in the magnetic color tuner of the present invention.Pigment can use carbon black, nigrosine, furnace black, dim etc.Cyan colorants for example can be used phthalocyanine blue, methylenum careuleum, Victoria blue, methyl violet, aniline blue, ultramarine blue etc.As the fuchsin colorant, can use rhodamine 6G lake, dimethyl quinacridine, C lake red CAN'T, broad-mouthed receptacle for holding liquid to add and draw rose-red (mouth-ズベ Application ガ Le), rhodamine B, alizarin lake etc.As yellow colorants, can use chrome yellow, benzidine yellow, hansa yellow, S naphthol yellow S, molybdate orange Huang, quinoline yellow, tartrazines etc.

These use amounts are for resin 100 weight portions, and the amount of adjuvant is that 0.1～20 weight portion it is desirable to 2～10 weight portions.

As dyestuff, azo group series dyes, anthraquinone series dyestuff, xanthene series dyes, methine series dyes etc. are for example arranged, for resin 100 weight portions, the amount of adjuvant is 0.05～10 weight portion, it is desirable to 0.1～3 weight portion.

The release agent that also can contain release property when improving fixedly in the toner of the present invention.Release agent can use known material, and the low molecular weight polyethylene of adhesive resin interpolation 0.1～10 weight % of preferred relative 100 weight %, low-molecular-weight polypropylene, microcrystalline wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax, Brazil wax, Sa Suoer wax, paraffins etc. and derivant thereof are in magnetic color tuner.

As with an example of toner method for making of the present invention, at first, will be as described binding resin, the pigment of colorant or dyestuff, utilize as～mixer is charge control agent, smoothing preparation, after other adjuvant fully mixes, adopt 2 rollers of hatch formula, Banbury mixer and continous way biaxial extruder, 2 extruders of the KTK type of Kobe Steel, Ltd society system for example, 2 extruders of the TEM type of toshiba machine society system, 2 extruders of KCK society system, 2 extruders of the PCM type of pond Bei Tiegongshe system, made 2 extruders of KEX type of chestnut worker ironworker society, but with a roller mixing roll of continous way for example the Buddhist nun of Bu Ci society system the hot milling machine such as reach, structured material is well mixing, after the cooling, adopt beater grinder to carry out coarse crushing.When being color toner in addition, generally being, is purpose to improve dispersing of pigments, and a part and the pigment of binding resin is melt and dissolved in advance mixing, and the high concentration thing that obtains is used as colorant.And, these meal are minced the slimer that adopts jet-stream wind and mechanical type comminutor separately or and with pulverizing.With fine powder particle that obtains, be classified as the granularity of regulation by the grader of grader that adopts the gyration airflow formula and employing wall attachment effect then.In order to obtain having the toner of size distribution of the present invention, in the middle of this, the most suitable employing utilizes the grader of wall attachment effect.And, with as～mixer give agent with flowability and fully mix, by the sieve more than 250 orders, remove oversize grain, condensed particles.

In the present invention, as the carrier that constitutes developer, saturated magnetization in the magnetic field of 1000Oe is decided to be 30～120emu/g, it is desirable to 40～100emu/g, therefore the development sleeve magnetic binding force to the developer of developing regional becomes big, so prevented the development of the carrier on photoreceptor effectively.Can obtain good image.

In the present invention, as the carrier that constitutes developer, the weight average particle diameter is 20～100 μ m, it is desirable to 20～80 μ m, therefore, can improve toner concentration, so even under the condition of high speed machine, also can obtain the high good image of image color at the developer layer of developing regional.

In the present invention, as the nucleome particle of the carrier that constitutes developer, with known just can, can list, for example ferromagnetism metals such as iron, cobalt, nickel; Alloy and compounds such as tri-iron tetroxide, di-iron trioxide, ferrite; The complex of described kicker magnet particle and resin etc.

Being used in these carriers of the present invention, it is desirable to, is purpose to prolong permanance, and the surface is covered with resin.

Resin as forming clad for example has: polyolefin-based resins such as tygon, polypropylene, haloflex, chlorosulfonated polyethylene; Polystyrene, acrylate (for example polymethylmethacrylate), polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl acetate (PVA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral, Polyvinylchloride, Polyvinyl carbazole, polyvinylether, polypyrrole alkane ketone tygon such as (Port リ PVC リト Application) and Polyvinylidene are resin; Chlorovinyl-acetate ethylene copolymer; Silicones and modifier (for example modifier of alkyd resin, vibrin, epoxy resin, polyurethane etc.) thereof that the organosiloxane key is formed; Fluororesin such as teflon, poly-ethylene fluoride, Kynoar, polychlorotrifluoroethylene; Polyamide; Polyester; Polyurethane; Polycarbonate; Amino resins such as urea-formaldehyde resin; Epoxy resin etc.Wherein, in order to prevent toner-out, preferably use at least with coat composed resin or its goods of silicones as major component.

Silicones also can be known any silicones, for example the silicones that has only linear siloxane that the organosiloxane key forms and alkyd, polyester, epoxy, carbamate etc. to make shown in the following formula (1).

(Chemical formula 1)

Following formula R ₁Alkyl or phenyl, following formula R for hydrogen atom, 1～4 carbon atom ₂And R ₃Be the group shown in (chain) alkene oxygen base, hydroxyl, carboxyl, Oxyranyle, glycidyl or the following formula (2) of the alkoxy of hydrogen, 1～4 carbon atom or phenyl, phenoxy group, (chain) thiazolinyl of 2～4 carbon atoms, 2～4 carbon atoms.

(Chemical formula 2)

Following formula R ₄, R ₅For (chain) alkene oxygen base, phenyl, k, l, m, n, o, the p of (chain) thiazolinyl of the alkoxy of the alkyl of hydroxyl, carboxyl, 1～4 carbon atom, 1～4 carbon atom, 2～4 carbon atoms, 2～4 carbon atoms is the integer more than 1.

Described each substituting group also for example can have except that unsubstituted: amino, hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulfydryl, alkyl, phenyl, Oxyranyle, glycidyl, halogen atom class substituting group.

Be used in carrier of the present invention,, also can in overlayer, give material by dispersed electro-conductive in order to control its volume intrinsic resistance.It is also passable with present material known that dispersed electric conductivity gives material, for example can enumerate tap a blast furnace, metal such as gold, copper, ferrite, tri-iron tetroxide, etc. iron oxide, pigment such as carbon black.

Even in the middle of this, a kind of as carbon black also can adopt the potpourri of furnace black and acetylene black especially, therefore, can adjust the carrier that electric conductivity can also obtain the overlayer high abrasion resistance efficiently to add a spot of conductive powders.These conductive powders particle diameters preferably about 0.01～10 μ m, for the weight portion of covering resin 100, preferably add 2～30 weight portion, and with 5～20 weight portion for the most desirable.

In addition, in the carrier overlayer, be purpose to improve with the cohesiveness of nucleome particle, to improve the dispersiveness that electric conductivity gives agent, also can add silane coupling agent, titanium couplant etc.

As being used in silane coupling agent of the present invention, be compound with following formula (3) expression.

(chemical formula 3) YRSIX3 (3)

(X is the hydrolysising group that is bonded on the silicon atom in the preceding formula, for example chloro, alkoxy, acetoxyl group, alkyl amino, third oxy alkylene, Y are and the organo-functional group of organic matrix reaction, for example vinyl, methylpropenyl, epoxy radicals, glycidoxypropyl, amino, sulfydryl etc.R is 1～20 alkyl or alkylidene).

Even among described silane coupling agent, particularly to obtain having the developer of electronegative characteristic, the amino silane couplant that preferably will have amyl group at Y will obtain having the developer of positively charged, the epoxy silane couplant that preferably will have epoxy radicals at Y.

As tectal forming method, with former the same, be preferably in the surface of carrier nucleome particle, cover layer forming liquid with device coatings such as spray-on process, infusion methods.Tectal thickness is 0.1～20 μ m, preferably 0.2～5 μ m.

Secondly, at length be illustrated with regard to developing method of the present invention, device.

Fig. 4 is illustrated in the power that produces between photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 and magnetic color tuner 3a and the magnetic carrier 3b.Magnetic color tuner 3a, and photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 between the power Fe that produces of electric field and and magnetic carrier 3b between electrostatic force Fs and with the magnetic force Fb of development sleeve 4 tractions, work to the direction of arrow respectively.The power that the drift of described toner produces can be considered as the increase component (α) of electrostatic force Fs, and in the state that the toner drift produces, Fs becomes Fs+ α, is withdrawn into magnetic carrier 3b easily.In addition, the situation of nonmagnetic toner does not have magnetic force Fb, therefore, magnetic color tuner is compared with nonmagnetic toner, owing to there is magnetic force Fb, so as described, all the change of the repeatability of the rearward end of image and medium tone image, fine rule, isolated point is unfavorable.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, by development magnetic pole P1, the attenuation rate of peak value that results from the normal direction magnetic flux density in the development sleeve outside is more than 50%, so, width (development adaptation) at the development sleeve surface of developing regional D moving direction is narrowed down, and can make the increase component α of the Fs that is produced by the toner drift is 0 (zero) or very little.And, the magnetic brush density at developing regional D is raise, simultaneously, shown in Fig. 5 (a), can developer evenly be separated, in the surperficial contact separation of photoreceptor magnetic drum 1.Therefore shown in Fig. 5 (b), whole images of not rear end deinking can be formed, the image quality when adopting magnetic color tuner can be improved.In addition, the line E among Fig. 5 (b) is exactly the rear end of visual portion.

Fig. 6 (a)～(c) be exactly, be used to illustrate will be near the developing regional of the photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 of present embodiment and development sleeve 4 key diagram that amplify, described image quality improving mechanism, represent relative with the photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 in left side, the action of the magnetic brush of close right side magnetic brush MB front end, shown in Fig. 6 (a), in the present embodiment and since the fraction time weak point of magnetic brush and photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 from the magnetic brush front end to the development sleeve surface, the toner drift reduction that toner 3a moves.Because this toner drift reduces,, shown in Fig. 6 (b), also there is toner at position A with visual rearward end subtend, the magnetic carrier surface of magnetic brush front end can not be exposed.Therefore shown in Fig. 6 (c), because the magnetic carrier surface of magnetic brush front end can not be exposed, so visual portion on photoreceptor magnetic drum 1, toner can not be once again on the magnetic carrier attached to the magnetic brush front end, so, can reduce that rear end deinking, horizontal line are thin, the image quality deterioration of the form variations of isolated point etc.

In addition, though stipulated the attenuation rate of described normal direction magnetic flux density, but, since stipulated by development magnetic pole P1 between the OmT pole-changing point of the normal direction magnetic flux density Bn that development sleeve 4 produces angle amplitude θ 1 (with reference to Fig. 7 (a)) and by development magnetic pole P1 the normal direction magnetic flux density Bn of development sleeve 4 generations at the half-angle degree amplitude θ 2 of development sleeve moving direction (with reference to Fig. 7 (b)), so, above-mentioned toner drift is reduced, also can form the structure that prevents image quality deteriorations such as rear end deinking.Specifically, make that angle amplitude θ 1 is below 40 ° between OmT pole-changing point, perhaps half-angle degree amplitude θ 2 is below 20 °.

Secondly, described in detail with regard to other routine developing methods of the present invention, device.

Figure 28 is the skeleton diagram of the developing apparatus part of image processing system example of the present invention.

Be configured in developing apparatus 13 as photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 side of latent image carrier, by support housing 14, as the developer carrier development sleeve 15, developer collecting receiving part 16, be mainly to constitute as first scraper 17 of developer limiting member etc.

Have the support housing 14 of opening in photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 side, form as the toner funnel 19 of accommodating the toner resettlement section of toner 18 in inside.In photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 side near toner funnel 19, developer containing member 16 is set to one with support housing 14; Developer containing member 16 forms the developer collecting receiving part 16a that accommodates the developer 22 that constitutes by toner 18 with as the carrier of magnetic particle.In addition, at the support housing 14 that is positioned at below the developer containing member 16, formation has the teat 14a of subtend face 14b, by the bottom of developer containing member 16 and the space between the subtend face 14b, is formed for supplying with the toner supply peristome 20 of toner 18.

In toner funnel 19 inside, by there not being illustrated drive unit, configuration is as the toner stirring apparatus 21 of the toner feed device that rotates.Toner stirring apparatus 21 to 20 stirrings of toner supply peristome, is sent the toner 18 in the toner funnel 19 on one side on one side.In addition, with photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 subtend of toner funnel 19, toner detection of end device 14c is being set, the amount of the toner 18 of toner funnel 19 is detected after a little while.

Space between photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 and toner funnel 19 is being provided with development sleeve 15.With the development sleeve 15 that does not have illustrated drive unit to drive by the rotation of the direction of arrow of figure, within it portion have dispose unchangeably with developing apparatus 13 relative positions, as field generator for magnetic, do not have illustrated magnet.

With a side of a side subtend of the support housing 14 that is installed in developer containing member 16, first scraper 17 is installed as one.First scraper 17 sets with the state that keeps certain clearance between the outer peripheral face of its front end and development sleeve 15.

The position of position sets second scraper 23 as limiting member near the toner supply peristome 20 that is positioned at developer containing member 16.Second scraper, 23 its free ends are relative with the outer peripheral face of development sleeve 15, should keep certain clearance, the laminar flow direction of the overslaugh developer 22 that forms on the surface of development sleeve 15 promptly is installed as one to free end towards the center position ground of development sleeve 15 with cardinal extremity and developer collecting receiving part 16.

The scope that developer collecting receiving part 16a relates to the magnetic force of development sleeve 15 constitutes and has sufficient space when making developer 22 circulations mobile.

In addition subtend face 14b from toner funnel 19 sides towards development sleeve 15 sides, as downward-sloping, length in accordance with regulations forms.Therefore, vibration is taking place and be arranged on magnetic force skewness development sleeve 15 inside, that do not have illustrated magnet, when rising with a part of toner concentration in the developer 22, even the carrier in the developer collecting receiving part 16a falls between the side face of second scraper 23 and development sleeve 15, the carrier that falls receives with subtend face 14b, to development sleeve 15 side shiftings, be attached on the development sleeve 15 with magnetic force magnetic, supply to once more in the developer collecting receiving part 16a.Therefore, can prevent that the carrier amount in the developer collecting receiving part 16a from reducing, when image forms, can prevent to be created in shadow sleeve 15 axial image concentration inequalities.Tilt angle alpha as subtend face 14b is about 5 °, and as the length 1 of regulation, that desirable is 2～20mm in addition, and better is the degree of 3～10mm.

In toner funnel 19, the toner 18 by toner stirring apparatus 21 is sent supplies to the developer 22 that is carried on development sleeve 15 by toner supply peristome 20 by described structure, and fortune is to developer collecting receiving part 16a.And, developer 22 in the developer collecting receiving part 16a is carried on the development sleeve 15, is sent to the position with the outer peripheral face subtend of photoreceptor magnetic drum 1, and just toner 18 carries out static with the electrostatic latent image that is formed on photoreceptor magnetic drum 1 and combines, therefore, on photoreceptor magnetic drum 1, form the toner picture.

At this, illustrate developer 22 when described toner imaging dynamically.If the startup agent of having only magnetic carrier 22a to constitute developing apparatus 13 setting, as shown in figure 29, magnetic carrier 22a is divided into magnetic and is attached to development sleeve 15 surfaces and is housed in the developer collecting receiving part 16a.Be housed in the magnetic carrier 22a in the developer collecting receiving part 16a, along with the rotation to arrow a direction of development sleeve 15, the magnetic force in the origin autography sleeve 15 for example moves with the circulation of the speed more than the 1mm/s to arrow b direction.And the interface portion on the surface of the magnetic carrier 22a that moves on the surface of the attached magnetic carrier 22a of the surperficial magnetic of development sleeve 15 with in developer collecting receiving part 16a forms interface X.

Secondly, if toner 18 is set,,, supply with toner 18 to the magnetic carrier 22a that is carried on development sleeve 15 so from toner supply peristome 20 at toner funnel 19.Therefore, development sleeve 15 carryings are as the developer 22 of the potpourri of toner 18 and magnetic carrier 22a.

In developer collecting receiving part 16a, utilize the existence of the developer 22 of accommodating, by the developer 22 of 15 pairs of transmission of development sleeve, make and want its power that stops to transmit to start.Be sent to interface X if be carried on the toner 18 that the surface of the developer 22 of development sleeve 15 exists, near the friction force of 22 in the developer the X of interface reduces so, near the X of interface developer 22 conveying capacities reduce, and near 22 conveying capacities of the developer the X of interface reduce like this.

On the other hand, from junction of two streams Y, developer 22 to the sense of rotation upstream side of development sleeve 15, do not act on the developer 22 by 15 pairs of transmission of development sleeve such in the developer collecting receiving part 16a as described, the power that its transmission is stopped is so the balance of the conveying capacity of developer 22 that transmits to junction of two streams Y and the developer 22 that transmits interface X is broken, developer 22 produces the knuckling state, as shown in figure 30, rise on the position of junction of two streams Y, the bed thickness that contains the developer 22 of interface X increases.In addition, the bed thickness of the developer 22 by first scraper 17 also slowly increases, and the developer 22 of this increase utilizes second scraper 23 to scrape.

And, if reach the toner concentration of regulation by the developer 22 of first scraper 17, as shown in figure 31, the developer 22 that is scraped, forms the increase part of stratiform by second scraper 23 blocks toner supply peristome 20, in this state, toner 18 adopts end.At this moment, in developer collecting receiving part 16a, toner concentration raises, and therefore, the volume of developer 22 increases, so the space in the developer collecting receiving part 16a narrows down, and developer 22 translational speed that the circulation of arrow b direction is moved in figure also reduces.

In the layer of the developer 22 that forms in that this toner supply peristome 20 is blocked, the developer 22 that is scraped by second scraper 23 is shown in Figure 31 arrow c, for example be that translational speed more than the 1mm/s moves with speed, 14b bears by the subtend face, but subtend face 14b is downward-sloping with angle [alpha] to development sleeve 15, and, have specified length 1, so can prevent because the layer of developer 22 moves developer 22 the dropping to toner funnel 19 of causing.Make the amount of developer 22 often keep certain, so can be regularly, the supply of self control toner quantitatively.

Embodiment 1

Below, utilize Production Example, the carrier of toner Production Example, and embodiment specifically describe the present invention, but the present invention not only is defined in these embodiment.

Toner Production Example 1-1

Polyurethane resin 100 weight portions

Carbon black 5 weight portions

Contain chromium azo dyes 3 weight portions

Ferroferric oxide particle 70 weight portions

(mean grain size: 0.2 μ m, FeO content: 20wt%, specific surface area: 8.0m ²/ g, magnetization: 61emu/g)

With the potpourri of described prescription with～after mixing, by the mixing extruder that is set in 140 ℃ mixing after, solidify cooling, with it with after blocking the stirring machine coarse crushing, use mechanical type comminutor micro mist broken, with the micro mist that obtains mince use utilized wall attachment effect cut apart more grader with injector-type mill pulverize, classification, obtain the master batch that mean grain size is 7.0 μ m.To these master batch 100 weight portions, add the colloidal silica of being handled by hydrophobization: 0.6 weight portion, the titanium dioxide of being handled by hydrophobization: 0.3 weight portion, with～mixing, obtain toner particle a.The saturated magnetization of this toner in the magnetic field of 1000Oe is 24emu/g.

Toner Production Example 1 ... 2～13

Toner is made the same with described Production Example 1-1, obtains the toner particle b～m by the characteristic of table 1 expression.

Table 1

	The toner title	Toner magnetization (emu/g)	Magnetic addition (weight portion)	σm×M	Magnetic
					Magnetic				Magnetization (emu/g)	Mean grain size (μ m)	FeO measures (wt%)	Specific surface area (m ²/g)
					Production Example 1-1	a	24	70	Magnetization (emu/g)	Mean grain size (μ m)	FeO measures (wt%)	Specific surface area (m ²/g)	2399	61	0.2	20	8.0
Production Example 1-2	b	30	70	2989	Production Example 1-1	a	24	70	76	0.23	22	7.1	2399	61	0.2	20	8.0
Production Example 1-2	b	30	70	2989	Production Example 1-3	c	18	70	76	0.23	22	7.1	1770	45	0.26	19	9.4
Production Example 1-4	d	11	70	1140	Production Example 1-3	c	18	70	29	0.33	15	3.9	1770	45	0.26	19	9.4
Production Example 1-4	d	11	70	1140	Production Example 1-5	e	26	70	29	0.33	15	3.9	2635	67	0.4	21	4.2
Production Example 1-6	f	26	70	2556	Production Example 1-5	e	26	70	65	0.14	19	13.8	2635	67	0.4	21	4.2
Production Example 1-6	f	26	70	2556	Production Example 1-7	g	19	70	65	0.14	19	13.8	1927	49	0.03	22	60
Production Example 1-8	h	25	70	2517	Production Example 1-7	g	19	70	64	0.21	11	8.3	1927	49	0.03	22	60
Production Example 1-8	h	25	70	2517	Production Example 1-9	i	9	20	64	0.21	11	8.3	938	60	0.45	26	2.3
Production Example 1-10	j	40	200	3961	Production Example 1-9	i	9	20	61	0.22	20	8	938	60	0.45	26	2.3
Production Example 1-10	j	40	200	3961	Production Example 1-11	k	24	70	61	0.22	20	8	2399	61	0.22	26	8
Production Example 1-12	l	0	0	-	Production Example 1-11	k	24	70	-	-	-	-	2399	61	0.22	26	8
Production Example 1-12	l	0	0	-	Production Example 1-13	m	31	100	-	-	-	-	3076.9	64	0.21	21	8.5

The Production Example of below representing carrier

Carrier Production Example 1-1

To the tri-iron tetroxide 100 weight portions that utilize damp process to make, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 2 weight portions, water 60 weight portions are added bowl mill, mixed the slip of adjustment tri-iron tetroxide through 12 hours, this slip at the spray drier slurry-spraying pelletizing, is formed the spheroidal particle of mean grain size 54 μ m.

This particle temperature with 1000 ℃ in nitrogen atmosphere was calcined 3 hours, and the cooling of calcining back obtains nucleome particle 1.

Silicon resin solution: 100 weight portions

Toluene: 100 weight portions

γ aminopropyl triethoxysilane: 6 weight portions

Carbon black: 10 weight portions

Described potpourri is stirred dispersion in 20 minutes with homo-mixer, adjust and cover layer forming liquid 1.

Adopt mobile column formula plater, the nucleome particle is covered layer forming liquid with this, surface coating in 1000 weight portions.Obtain silicones and cover carrier A.

The characteristic of this carrier particle is as follows

Mean grain size: 58 μ m

Saturated magnetization: 65emu/g.

(carrier Production Example 1-2)

In CuO:24moL%, ZnO:25moL%, Fe2O3:51moL%, add entry, utilize wet ball mill pulverize to mix, must carry out sintering with 1000 ℃ temperature after with this slurrying drying and crushing to slurrying through 12 hours.Pulverized 10 hours with wet ball mill behind the sintering, add spreading agent and binder, utilize spray drier granulation, drying then, pulverize and classification after 3 hours at 1100 ℃ of sintering, obtain the nucleome particle 2 of mean grain size 51 μ m with electric furnace.For this nucleome particle, the method formation overlayer with same with carrier Production Example 1-1 obtains carrier B.The characteristic of this carrier particle is as follows.

Mean grain size 55 μ m

Saturated magnetization: 51emu/g.

(carrier Production Example 1-3)

Polyurethane resin 30 weight portions

Ferroferric oxide particle (averaged particles footpath 0.8 μ m) 70 weight portions

With the melt and dissolved mixing back of described potpourri crushing and classification, obtaining mean particle diameter is the carrier particle C of 53 μ m.

The characteristic of this carrier particle is as follows.

Mean grain size 53 μ m

Saturated magnetization: 42emu/g.

(developer Production Example 1-1)

Carrier A with the Production Example manufacturing: to 100 weight portions, toner a:10 wt part is not added, with～mix obtaining developer 1.

(developer Production Example 1-2～19)

Make developer with the toner of table 2 expression and the combination of carrier with developer example 1-1 the samely.

Table 2

	Toner		Carrier
	Toner		Carrier			Kind	Magnetization	Kind	The developer title
Developer Production Example I-1	a	24	A	Developer		Kind	Magnetization	Kind	The developer title	1
Developer Production Example I-1	a	24	A	Developer	Developer Production Example I-2	b	30	A	Developer 2	1
Developer Production Example I-3	c	18	A	Developer 3	Developer Production Example I-2	b	30	A	Developer 2
Developer Production Example I-3	c	18	A	Developer 3	Developer Production Example I-4	d	11	A	Developer	4
Developer Production Example I-5	e	26	A	Developer 5	Developer Production Example I-4	d	11	A	Developer	4
Developer Production Example I-5	e	26	A	Developer 5	Developer Production Example I-6	f	26	A	Developer 6
Developer Production Example I-7	g	19	A	Developer 7	Developer Production Example I-6	f	26	A	Developer 6
Developer Production Example I-7	g	19	A	Developer 7	Developer Production Example I-8	h	25	A	Developer 8
Developer Production Example I-9	i	9	A	Developer 9	Developer Production Example I-8	h	25	A	Developer 8
Developer Production Example I-9	i	9	A	Developer 9	Developer Production Example I-10	j	40	A	Developer 10
Developer Production Example I-11	k	24	A	Developer 11	Developer Production Example I-10	j	40	A	Developer 10
Developer Production Example I-11	k	24	A	Developer 11	Developer Production Example I-12	l	0	A	Developer 12

Secondly, the embodiment of the described developer Production Example that adopts in the developing apparatus of the structure that illustrates with described Fig. 1 and Fig. 4～Fig. 6 is described.

Embodiment 1-1

Test condition is in the present embodiment set by following table 3.Here, the measurement mechanism that uses in the measurement of magnetic flux density, the gaussmeter (HGM8300) of ADS society system and the A1 profile shaft of ADS society system are to projection, with the circular chart recorder record.Following embodiment also can carry out with same condition.

Table 3

The magnetic roller
The magnetic roller		The roller footpath	φ16m
Number of magnetic poles	6 utmost points	The roller footpath	φ16m
Number of magnetic poles	6 utmost points	The peak flux density of magnetic sheet after developing	68mT
Development conditions		The peak flux density of magnetic sheet after developing	68mT
Development conditions		Developing gap Gp	0.30mm
Scraper gap Gd	0.32mm	Developing gap Gp	0.30mm
Scraper gap Gd	0.32mm	The amount of drawing	60mg/cm ²
The photoreceptor footpath	φ30mm	The amount of drawing	60mg/cm ²
The photoreceptor footpath	φ30mm	The photoreceptor linear velocity	2.46
Development sleeve differential surface speed (to photoreceptor)	295.2mm/sec	The photoreceptor linear velocity	2.46
	295.2mm/sec	The latent image condition
Bottom potential VD	-900V	The latent image condition
Bottom potential VD	-900V	The current potential VL of image portion	-100V
Developing bias voltage VB	-700V	The current potential VL of image portion	-100V

Under the condition of table 3, adopt developer 1 by described development magnetic pole (P1), the attenuation rate (%) of the peak value of the normal direction magnetic flux density (Bn) that is created in the development sleeve outside is changed, measure rear end deinking amount and the line thickness aspect ratio of full figure elephant.It when here, deinking amount in rear end is with 0～0.4mm good scope.In addition, described line thickness aspect ratio, exactly at the image of lines in length and breadth of same width on the original copy when carrying out image formation, with the width of the lines image of the longitudinal direction in the output image (development sleeve surface moving direction), the value of being divided by with the width of the lines image of transverse direction (the rotation center direction of development sleeve).The degree of this value big more (horizontal line attenuates) just becomes big more.

The test findings of table 4 expression present embodiment.

Table 4

	Attenuation rate (%)	The rear end deinking	The line aspect ratio	Toner disperses
	Attenuation rate (%)	The rear end deinking	The line aspect ratio	Toner disperses	Example I-1	30	×	×	○
40	△	△	○			30	×	×	○
40	△	△	○	50		○	○	○
60	◎	◎	○	50		○	○	○
60	◎	◎	○	Comparative Example I-1		30	×	×	×
40	○	○	×			30	×	×	×
40	○	○	×		50	◎	◎	×
60	◎	◎	×		50	◎	◎	×

Comparative example 1-1

Adopt developer 12 as developer, make the same with embodiment 1-1, by development magnetic pole (P1), the attenuation rate (%) of the peak value of the normal direction magnetic flux density (Bn) that is created in the development sleeve outside is changed, measure rear end deinking amount and the line thickness aspect ratio of full figure elephant.

The result represents at table 4.Find out that from this result adopt the magnetization in the magnetic field of 1000Oe, when σ t was the magnetic color tuner of 10～30emu/g, the attenuation rate that makes the peak value of normal direction magnetic flux density Bn was more than 50%.Therefore the degree that attenuates of rear end deinking amount and horizontal line is few, can obtain the good image of quality.

Embodiment 1-2

Under the condition of table 3, adopt developer 1 to make angle amplitude θ 1 variation between described OmT pole-changing point, estimate rear end deinking amount and the line thickness aspect ratio of full figure elephant, the result is represented at Fig. 5.

Table 5

	OmT pole-changing point angle	The rear end deinking	The line aspect ratio	Toner disperses
	OmT pole-changing point angle	The rear end deinking	The line aspect ratio	Toner disperses	Example I-2	22	◎	◎	○
40	○	○	○			22	◎	◎	○
40	○	○	○	61		×	×	○
78	×	×	○	61		×	×	○
78	×	×	○	Comparative Example I-2		22	◎	◎	×
40	◎	◎	×			22	◎	◎	×
40	◎	◎	×		61	×	○	×
78	×	×	×		61	×	○	×

Comparative example 1-2

Adopt developer 12 as developer, the same with embodiment 1-2, make angle amplitude θ 1 variation between described OmT pole-changing point, estimate rear end deinking amount and the line thickness aspect ratio of full figure elephant.

The result is represented at Fig. 5.Know the magnetization of employing the magnetic field of 1000Oe from this result, when σ t is the magnetic color tuner of 10～30emu/g, make that angle amplitude θ 1 changes below 40% between the pole-changing point of normal direction magnetic flux density OnT, therefore the degree that attenuates of rear end deinking amount and horizontal line is few, can obtain the good image of quality.

Embodiment 1-3

Under the condition of table 3, adopt developer 1, the half-angle degree amplitude θ 2 of the normal direction magnetic flux distribution that is caused by described development magnetic pole is changed, estimate rear end deinking amount and the line thickness aspect ratio of full figure elephant.

The result is represented at Fig. 6.

Table 6

	The development magnetic pole	The rear end deinking	The line aspect ratio	Toner disperses
	The development magnetic pole	The rear end deinking	The line aspect ratio	Toner disperses	Example I-3	18.2	◎	◎	○
20.2	○	○	○			18.2	◎	◎	○
20.2	○	○	○	22.3		△	△	○
23.9	×	×	○	22.3		△	△	○
23.9	×	×	○	Comparative Example I-3		18.2	◎	◎	×
20.2	◎	◎	×			18.2	◎	◎	×
20.2	◎	◎	×		22.3	○	○	×
23.9	△	△	×		22.3	○	○	×

Comparative example 1-3

Adopt developer 12 as developer, the same with embodiment 1-2, make by the development magnetic pole cause the half-angle degree amplitude θ 2 of normal direction magnetic flux distribution change, estimate rear end deinking amount and the line thickness aspect ratio of full figure elephant.

The result is represented at Fig. 6.From this result, the magnetization of employing in the magnetic field of 1000Oe when σ t is the magnetic color tuner of 10～30emu/g, changes below 20% the half-angle degree amplitude θ 2 of normal direction magnetic flux density, therefore the degree that attenuates of rear end deinking amount and horizontal line is few, can obtain the good image of quality.

Embodiment 1-4

Adopt developer 1 as developer, in table 3, make the development sleeve change of line speed, the relation between investigation development sleeve linear velocity and toner disperse.

From the test findings of present embodiment shown in Figure 25, adopt the magnetization in the magnetic field of 1000Oe, when σ t is the magnetic color tuner of 10～30emu/g, make the development sleeve linear velocity below 550mm/sec, can know, can prevent reliably that toner from dispersing.

Comparative example 1-4

Adopt developer 12 as developer, make equally, make the development sleeve change of line speed, the relation between investigation development sleeve linear velocity and toner disperse with embodiment 1-4.

The result is represented at Fig. 6.From this result, the development sleeve linear velocity is when surpassing 200mm/sec, and toner disperses and becomes serious.

In addition, in the upper limit of " good range " of the toner amount of dispersing of Figure 25, toner disperses and only is created in developing apparatus and periphery thereof, though toner has accumulation on the developing apparatus, when using usually, the degree of the toner amount of dispersing is no problem.If in this good range, taking advantage of the air-flow in the machine, the toner that is deposited in developing apparatus falls from developing apparatus, and toner is non-cohesive at other parts (charged or plate), and the toner that disperses does not appear on the image yet.In addition, have dirtyly a little on the filtrator of exhaust apparatus etc., but toner is arranged outside machine hardly.

Embodiment 1-5

Adopt developer 1 as developer, in table 3, make surface element voltage (VD) and developing bias press (VB) to change, estimate as surface element voltage (VD) and the surface potential of the absolute value of the difference of developing bias pressure (VB) and rear end deinking amount and the line thickness aspect ratio of full figure elephant.The result is represented at table 7.

Table 7

	End electromotive force IVD-VB	The rear end deinking	The line aspect ratio	Toner disperses
	End electromotive force IVD-VB	The rear end deinking	The line aspect ratio	Toner disperses	Example II-5	100	◎	◎	○
200	◎	◎	○			100	◎	◎	○
200	◎	◎	○	300		○	◎	○
400	○	◎	○	300		○	◎	○
400	○	◎	○	Comparative Example I I-5		100	○	○	×
200	×	○	×			100	○	○	×
200	×	○	×		300	×	×	×

From the test findings of present embodiment as can be known, when the magnetization σ t of employing in the magnetic field of 1000Oe is the magnetic color tuner of 10～30emu/g, make surface potential below 400V, the thin degree of rear end deinking amount and horizontal line can be reduced in the scope of permission reliably.

Comparative example 1-5

Adopt developer 12 as developer, make the same with embodiment 1-5, make surface element voltage (VD) and developing bias press (VB) to change, estimate as surface element voltage (VD) and the surface potential of the absolute value of the difference of developing bias pressure (VB) and rear end deinking amount and the line thickness aspect ratio of full figure elephant.

From the test findings at this comparative example of table 7 expression, when having adopted nonmagnetic toner, when surface potential surpassed 100V, it is serious that the rear end deinking becomes, and when surpassing 200V, horizontal line attenuates and becomes serious.

Embodiment 1-6

Adopt developer 1 as developer, in table 3, make the development sleeve linear velocity than changing, development sleeve linear velocity ratio is exactly the ratio of development sleeve linear velocity to photoreceptor magnetic drum linear velocity, estimates rear end deinking amount and the line thickness aspect ratio of full figure elephant.The result is represented at table 8.

Table 8

	The sleeve differential surface speed	The rear end deinking	The line aspect ratio	Toner disperses
	The sleeve differential surface speed	The rear end deinking	The line aspect ratio	Toner disperses	Example I-6	1.0	◎	◎	○
1.5	◎	◎	○			1.0	◎	◎	○
1.5	◎	◎	○	2.0		◎	◎	○
3.0	○	◎	○	2.0		◎	◎	○
3.0	○	◎	○	3.7		○	◎	○
4.0	○	○	○	3.7		○	◎	○
4.0	○	○	○	Comparative Example I-6		1.0	◎	◎	×
1.5	○	○	×			1.0	◎	◎	×
1.5	○	○	×		2.0	×	×	×

From the experimental result of embodiment as can be known, when the magnetization σ t of employing in the magnetic field of 1000Oe is the magnetic color tuner of 10～30emu/g, make the development sleeve linear velocity than below 3.7, therefore, the thin degree of rear end deinking amount and horizontal line can be reduced in the scope of permission reliably.

Comparative example 1-6

Adopt developer 12 as developer, make equally, make the development sleeve linear velocity than changing with embodiment 1-6,, estimate rear end deinking amount and the line thickness aspect ratio of full figure elephant.

From the experimental result of the present embodiment of table 8 expression, when having adopted nonmagnetic toner, than surpassing at 1.5 o'clock, rear end deinking and horizontal line attenuate and become serious in the development sleeve linear velocity.

Embodiment 1-7

Under the condition of table 3, adopt developer 2 to go out the image test, it is controlled to utilize following evaluation test method to estimate image concentration, surface contamination, middle tone repeatability, image concentration.The result is represented at Fig. 9.

Evaluation test method (image concentration)

From top, middle part, 3 places separately, bottom of image, measure the image concentration that amounts to 9 positions with the Macbeth reflection of the concentration.

(surface contamination)

5 sections grade evaluations are carried out in the surface contamination of non-visual portion, with grade more than 3 as the permission level.

(middle tone repeatability)

The progressive series of greys (NoQ-13) that can reach company are duplicated, and evaluation can reach the number of gray shade scale.

Metewand is as follows

◎: more than 13

○：10～12

△：7～9

×：5～7

* *: is below 5

(image concentration is controlled)

With original copy concentration is that 1.6 100% whole image duplicates 20 continuously, estimates the variation of image concentration.

Metewand is as follows

◎: the difference less than 0.1 of image concentration

More than zero: 0.1, less than 0.2

△: more than 0.2, less than 0.5

*: more than 0.5

(embodiment 1-8～embodiment 1-15, comparative example 1-7～8)

Make equally, adopt the developer of table 7 expression,, carry out same evaluation with the method the same with embodiment 1-7 with embodiment 1-7

Table 9

	Toner		Kind of carrier	The developer title
	Toner								Kind	Magnetization	Image concentration	Greasy dirt	The web plate playback accuracy	Image concentration changes
	Example I-7	b			30	A	Developer 2	1.38	Kind	Magnetization	Image concentration	Greasy dirt	The web plate playback accuracy	Image concentration changes	5	○	◎
Example I-8	Example I-7	b	c	18	30	A	Developer 2	1.38	A	Developer 3	1.54	5	◎	○	5	○	◎
Example I-8	Example I-9	d	c	18	11	A	Developer	4	A	Developer 3	1.54	5	◎	○	1.51	4	◎	○
Example I-10	Example I-9	d	e	26	11	A	Developer	4	A	Developer 5	1.44	5	○	◎	1.51	4	◎	○
Example I-10	Example I-11	f	e	26	26	A	Developer 6	1.46	A	Developer 5	1.44	5	○	◎	5	○	◎
Example I-12	Example I-11	f	g	19	26	A	Developer 6	1.46	A	Developer 7	1.50	5	◎	○	5	○	◎
Example I-12	Example I-13	h	g	19	25	A	Developer 8	1.49	A	Developer 7	1.50	5	◎	○	5	○	◎
Example I-14	Example I-13	h	i	8	25	A	Developer 8	1.49	A	Developer 9	1.53	3	◎	△	5	○	◎
Example I-14	Comparative Example I-7	j	i	8	40	A	Developer 10	1.26	A	Developer 9	1.53	3	◎	△	5	△	◎
Example I-15	Comparative Example I-7	j	k	24	40	A	Developer 10	1.26	A	Developer 11	1.52	5	○	◎	5	△	◎
Example I-15	Comparative Example I-8	l	k	24	0	A	Developer 12	1.55	A	Developer 11	1.52	5	○	◎	1	×	×

In addition, in the printing machine of described embodiment, with photoreceptor magnetic drum 1, charged roller 50, and at least one cleaning device 58 and developing apparatus 2 constitute as demountable integrative-structure thing with respect to the printing machine main body, also can be used as image and form technique unit (technology collet chuck).Figure 19 is exactly the structure example that image forms technique unit 60 (technology collet chuck), with photoreceptor magnetic drum 1, charged roller 50, and cleaning device 58 and developing apparatus 2 all form as demountable integrative-structure thing with respect to the printing machine main body.

In addition, in described embodiment, the situation that the toner picture that will form on photoreceptor directly duplicates copy paper has been described, the present invention can also be applicable to, toner on the photoreceptor is looked like to duplicate on middle copying body, afterwards, the toner picture on this middle copying body is duplicated the image processing system of copy paper and on the developing apparatus that uses.

For example also be applicable to, on a photoreceptor, form each hyperchromic elephant of all kinds successively, with hyperchromic elephant the of all kinds on this photoreceptor with a copy device, overlap to duplicate on middle copying band, this middle copying band hyperchromic resembled duplicate color image on the copy paper together with the secondary copy device and form device and be used in developing apparatus on this device as the middle copying body.

In addition, for example also be applicable to, the edge is as the linearity mobile route part of the middle copying band of middle copying body, the image that will comprise photoreceptor forms many configurations side by side in unit, on the photoreceptor of each image formation unit, form color different hyperchromic elephants the mutually, hyperchromic on each photoreceptor resembled to overlap with a copy device duplicate on this middle copying band, the hyperchromic elephant with the secondary copy device of the layer on this middle copying band duplicated the developing apparatus that tandem color image on the copy paper forms device and is used for this device together.

In addition in described embodiment, printing machine has been described and has been used for the situation of the developing apparatus of printing machine that the present invention also is applicable to, other image processing systems such as duplicating machine and FAX and be used in the developing apparatus of this device.

More than, just can be clear and definite from detailed and specific description, even adopt when having used the two-component developer of magnetic color tuner of the present invention, also can provide a kind of image processing system that the developing apparatus of excellent results is extremely arranged and have this developing apparatus, image to form technique unit and be used in the developer of this device, the toner that they can be suppressed under the big condition of development carrier linear velocity disperses, and can also prevent image quality deteriorations such as rear end deinking.

Embodiment 11

Secondly, specify and be used in toner Production Example, carrier Production Example of the present invention, as to adopt the form of various silicone oil processing external additives, the present invention not only is defined in these embodiment, and in following example, portion and % do not specify it then is weight basis in advance as long as.

(Production Example of external additive treating agent)

The dimethyl-silicon of 300cs (chemistry society of SHIN-ETSU HANTOTAI system) is dissolved in the toluene 100 weight portions of ormal weight, Yi Bian Yi Bian will handle usefulness external additive 30 weight portions and stir by ultrasonic irradiation therein and disperse.After not having coagulum, remove toluene with the rotary evaporator slide with Visual Confirmation.With the drying under reduced pressure machine solids that obtains is dried to constant temperature for 50 ℃ with design temperature.Afterwards when carrying out heat treated, flow down with set point of temperature at nitrogen with electric furnace and to carry out handling in 2 hours.It is broken that the powder that obtains utilizes injector-type mill to separate, and collects with bag filter.

The various silicone oil that obtain are like this handled external additive, represent at table 10.

Table 10

External additive title after the processing	Parent external additive title	Handle silicone oil amount (weight portion)	Heat treatment temperature (℃)	Silicone oil ionization rate (%)
External additive title after the processing	Parent external additive title	Handle silicone oil amount (weight portion)	Heat treatment temperature (℃)	Silicone oil ionization rate (%)	External additive A	Silicon dioxide OX-50 (Japanese A Erluoji society system) primary particle diameter 40nm	9.1	Do not handle	78
External additive B	The same	3.0	Do not handle	42	External additive A		9.1	Do not handle	78
External additive B	The same	3.0	Do not handle	42	External additive C	The same	9.1	100	65
External additive D	The same	9.1	200	36	External additive C	The same	9.1	100	65
External additive D	The same	9.1	200	36	External additive E	The same	9.1	300	14
External additive F	The same	9.1	400	7	External additive E	The same	9.1	300	14
External additive F	The same	9.1	400	7	External additive G	The system primary particle footpath 50nm of titanium industry society of titanium dioxide TAF110A Fuji	9.1	200	41

Then, the Production Example of below representing toner

(toner Production Example 11-1～11-15)

Toner formulation 1

Polyurethane resin: 100 weight portions

Contain the chromium azo dyes: 2 weight portions

Ferroferric oxide particle: 33 weight portions

(magnetization: 1K oersted 58.5emu/g, 5K oersted 76.3emu/g, mean grain size: 0.2 μ m, FeO content 20wt%)

Polypropylene: 6 weight portions

With the potpourri of described prescription with～after mixing, by the mixing extruder that is set in 180 ℃ mixing after, make cooling curing, be the meal of 200～400 μ m with blocking that stirring machine pulverizes, obtain the former pulverizing product ァ of portion of toner.

Toner formulation 2

Polyurethane resin: 100 weight portions

Contain the chromium azo dyes: 2 weight portions

Carbon black: 8 weight portions

Polypropylene: 6 weight portions

With the potpourri of described prescription with～after mixing, by the mixing extruder that is set in 180 ℃ mixing after, make cooling curing, be the meal of 200～400 μ m with blocking that stirring machine pulverizes, obtain the former pulverizing product of toner ィ.

Toner formulation 3

Polyurethane resin: 100 weight portions

Contain the chromium azo dyes: 2 weight portions

Ferroferric oxide particle: 17 weight portions

Polypropylene: 6 weight portions

With the potpourri of described prescription with～after mixing, by the mixing extruder that is set in 180 ℃ mixing after, make cooling curing, be the meal of 200～400 μ m with blocking that stirring machine pulverizes, obtain the former pulverizing product of toner ゥ.

Toner formulation 4

Polyurethane resin: 100 weight portions

Contain the chromium azo dyes: 2 weight portions

Ferroferric oxide particle: 52 weight portions

Polypropylene: 6 weight portions

With the potpourri of described prescription with～after mixing, by the mixing extruder that is set in 180 ℃ mixing after, make cooling curing, be the meal of 200～400 μ m with blocking that stirring machine pulverizes, obtain the former pulverizing product of toner worker.

Toner formulation 5

Polyurethane resin: 100 weight portions

Contain the chromium azo dyes: 2 weight portions

Ferroferric oxide particle: 14 weight portions

Polypropylene: 6 weight portions

With the potpourri of described prescription with～after mixing, by the mixing extruder that is set in 180 ℃ mixing after, make cooling curing, be the meal of 200～400 μ m with blocking that stirring machine pulverizes, obtain the former pulverizing product ability of toner.

Toner formulation 6

Polyurethane resin: 100 weight portions

Contain the chromium azo dyes: 2 weight portions

Ferroferric oxide particle: 57 weight portions

Polypropylene: 6 weight portions

With the potpourri of described prescription with～after mixing, by the mixing extruder that is set in 180 ℃ mixing after, make cooling curing, be the meal of 200～400 μ m with blocking that stirring machine pulverizes, obtain the former pulverizing product of toner power.

Each the former pulverizing product ァ～power that will obtain with described operation is with jet-stream wind direct collision on impingement plate, to carry out the broken reducing mechanism of fine powder and in grading room, form the stream that circles round with the fine powder comminuted powder that the broken reducing mechanism of described fine powder obtains, crushed material is carried out centrifuging, carry out crushing and classification with device 1DS-2 type crushing and classification device (the pneumatic industrial society of Japan system) with whole air classification that classification handles, classification is finished, and obtains toner.Desirable size distribution is measured with Cole's moral counter, can by change by the quantity delivered of crushed material, pulverize with high-pressure air pressure and flow and pulverize with the shape of collision member, inflow position and inflow direction, the vented drum blower pressure etc. of air obtain during air attraction in grading plant.

Classification is finished toner 100 weight portions and as external additive, (WackeChemi society system: HDK H2000) o.5 weight portion and silicone oil are handled inorganic micro powder body (containing the external additive that obtains in the external additive Production Example) with hexamethyldisiloxane siloxane treated ultrafine silica powder body, press the addition metering shown in the table 11, utilization～mixing, sieve aperture by 50 μ m, remove oversize grain and coagulum, obtain electrophoto-graphic toner a～o.Measuring magnetization and the weight average particle diameter (D4) of this toner in 1K oersted and 5K oersted magnetic field, during the following particle number % of 5 μ m, is exactly the value of table 11 expression.

Table 11

	Toner	Toner coarse crushing product	Silicone oil is handled external additive kind/addition (weight portion)	Magnetization		Weight average particle diameter (μ m)	The following particle numbers of 5 μ m (%)
				Magnetization				The 1K oersted	The 5K oersted
				Toner Production Example II-1	Toner a			The 1K oersted	The 5K oersted	ァ	B/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	11	22
Toner Production Example II-2	Toner b	ィ	B/0.5 weight portion	Toner Production Example II-1	Toner a	0	0	11	22	ァ	B/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	11	22
Toner Production Example II-2	Toner b	ィ	B/0.5 weight portion	Toner Production Example II-3	Toner c	0	0	11	22	ゥ	B/0.5 weight portion	8	10.4	11	22
Toner Production Example II-4	Toner d	ェ	B/0.5 weight portion	Toner Production Example II-3	Toner c	19	24.8	11	22	ゥ	B/0.5 weight portion	8	10.4	11	22
Toner Production Example II-4	Toner d	ェ	B/0.5 weight portion	Toner Production Example II-5	Toner e	19	24.8	11	22	ァ	C/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	11	22
Toner Production Example II-6	Toner f	ァ	D/0.5 weight portion	Toner Production Example II-5	Toner e	13.7	17.9	11	22	ァ	C/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	11	22
Toner Production Example II-6	Toner f	ァ	D/0.5 weight portion	Toner Production Example II-7	Toner g	13.7	17.9	11	22	ァ	E/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	11	22
Toner Production Example II-8	Toner h	ァ	G/0.5 weight portion	Toner Production Example II-7	Toner g	13.7	17.9	9.5	30	ァ	E/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	11	22
Toner Production Example II-8	Toner h	ァ	G/0.5 weight portion	Toner Production Example II-9	Toner i	13.7	17.9	9.5	30	ァ	D/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	7.5	50
Toner Production Example II-10	Toner j	ァ	D/0.5 weight portion	Toner Production Example II-9	Toner i	13.7	17.9	11	22	ァ	D/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	7.5	50
Toner Production Example II-10	Toner j	ァ	D/0.5 weight portion	Toner Production Example II-11	Toner k	13.7	17.9	11	22	ォ	B/0.5 weight portion	6.7	8.8	11	22
Toner Production Example II-12	Toner l	ヵ	B/0.5 weight portion	Toner Production Example II-11	Toner k	20.2	26.4	11	22	ォ	B/0.5 weight portion	6.7	8.8	11	22
Toner Production Example II-12	Toner l	ヵ	B/0.5 weight portion	Toner Production Example II-13	Toner m	20.2	26.4	11	22	ァ	Do not have	13.7	17.9	11	22
Toner Production Example II-14	Toner n	ァ	A/0.5 weight portion	Toner Production Example II-13	Toner m	13.7	17.9	11	22	ァ	Do not have	13.7	17.9	11	22
Toner Production Example II-14	Toner n	ァ	A/0.5 weight portion	Toner Production Example II-15	Toner o	13.7	17.9	11	22	ァ	F/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	11	22

The Production Example of below representing carrier.

Carrier Production Example 11-1

For the tri-iron tetroxide 100 weight portions that utilize damp process to make, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 2 weight portions, water 60 weight portions are added bowl mill, mixed the slurrying of adjustment tri-iron tetroxide through 12 hours, this slurrying at the spray drier mist projection granulating, is formed the spheroidal particle of mean grain size 54 μ m.This particle temperature with 1000 ℃ in nitrogen atmosphere was calcined 3 hours, and the cooling of calcining back obtains nucleome particle 1.

On the other hand,

Silicon resin solution: 100 weight portions

Toluene: 100 weight portions

γ polypropylene triethoxysilane: 6 weight portions

Carbon black: 10 weight portions

The characteristic of this carrier particle is as follows

Mean grain size: 58 μ m

Saturated magnetization: 65emu/g.

Carrier Production Example 11-2

In CuO:24moL%, ZnO:25moL%, Fe2O3:51moL%, add entry, utilize wet ball mill pulverize to mix, obtain slurrying and carry out sintering with 1000 ℃ temperature after with this slurrying drying and crushing through 12 hours.Pulverized 10 hours with wet ball mill behind the sintering, add spreading agent and binder, utilize the dispute granulation of mist formula dryer, drying then, pulverize and classification after 3 hours at 1100 ℃ of sintering, obtain the nucleome particle 2 of mean grain size 51 μ m with electric furnace.For this nucleome particle, the method formation overlayer with same with carrier Production Example 1-1 obtains carrier B.The characteristic of this carrier particle is as follows.

Mean grain size 55 μ m

Saturated magnetization: 51emu/g.

(carrier Production Example 11-3)

Polyurethane resin 30 weight portions

The characteristic of this carrier particle is as follows.

Mean grain size 53 μ m

Saturated magnetization: 42emu/g.

Adopt the following expression of Production Example of the developer of described toner and carrier.

(developer Production Example 11-1)

To the carrier A made from above-mentioned Production Example: 100 weight portions, toner a:10 wt part is not added, with～mix obtaining developer 1.

(developer Production Example 11-2～15)

Make developer with the toner of table 12 expression and the combination of carrier with developer example 11-1 the samely.

Table 12

	Toner				Carrier
	Toner				Carrier		Kind	Silicone oil is handled external additive kind/addition (weight portion)	Magnetization		Kind	The developer title
	1 oersted	5 oersteds							Magnetization		Kind	The developer title
	1 oersted	5 oersteds			Developer Production Example II-1	Toner a			B/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	A	Developer 1
Developer Production Example II-2	Toner b	B/0.5 weight portion	0	0	Developer Production Example II-1	Toner a	A	Developer 2	B/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	A	Developer 1
Developer Production Example II-2	Toner b	B/0.5 weight portion	0	0	Developer Production Example II-3	Toner c	A	Developer 2	B/0.5 weight portion	8	10.4	A	Developer 3
Developer Production Example II-4	Toner d	B/0.5 weight portion	19	24.8	Developer Production Example II-3	Toner c	A	Developer 4	B/0.5 weight portion	8	10.4	A	Developer 3
Developer Production Example II-4	Toner d	B/0.5 weight portion	19	24.8	Developer Production Example II-5	Toner e	A	Developer 4	C/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	A	Developer 5
Developer Production Example II-6	Toner f	D/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	Developer Production Example II-5	Toner e	A	Developer 6	C/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	A	Developer 5
Developer Production Example II-6	Toner f	D/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	Developer Production Example II-7	Toner g	A	Developer 6	E/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	A	Developer 7
Developer Production Example II-8	Toner h	G/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	Developer Production Example II-7	Toner g	A	Developer 8	E/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	A	Developer 7
Developer Production Example II-8	Toner h	G/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	Developer Production Example II-9	Toner i	A	Developer 8	D/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	A	Developer 9
Developer Production Example II-10	Toner j	D/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	Developer Production Example II-9	Toner i	A	Developer 10	D/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	A	Developer 9
Developer Production Example II-10	Toner j	D/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	Developer Production Example II-11	Toner k	A	Developer 10	B/0.5 weight portion	6.7	8.8	A	Developer 11
Developer Production Example II-12	Toner l	B/0.5 weight portion	20.2	26.4	Developer Production Example II-11	Toner k	A	Developer 12	B/0.5 weight portion	6.7	8.8	A	Developer 11
Developer Production Example II-12	Toner l	B/0.5 weight portion	20.2	26.4	Developer Production Example II-13	Toner m	A	Developer 12	Do not have	13.7	17.9	A	Developer 13
Developer Production Example II-14	Toner n	A/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	Developer Production Example II-13	Toner m	A	Developer 14	Do not have	13.7	17.9	A	Developer 13
Developer Production Example II-14	Toner n	A/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	Developer Production Example II-15	Toner o	A	Developer 14	F/0.5 weight portion	13.7	17.9	A	Developer 15

Employing utilizes the result of described developer explanation test with the developing apparatus of the structure of Fig. 1 and Fig. 4～Fig. 6 explanation.

Embodiment 11-1

Test condition is in the present embodiment set by following table 13.Here, the measurement mechanism that the mensuration of magnetic flux density is used, the gaussmeter (HGM8300) of ADS society system and the A1 profile shaft of ADS society system are to projection, with the circular chart recorder record.Following embodiment also can carry out with same condition.

Table 13

The magnetic roller
The magnetic roller		The roller footpath	φ16mm
Number of magnetic poles	6 utmost points	The roller footpath	φ16mm
Number of magnetic poles	6 utmost points	The peak flux density of development magnetic pole	68mT
Development conditions		The peak flux density of development magnetic pole	68mT
Development conditions		Developing gap Gp	0.30mm
Scraper gap Gd	0.32mm	Developing gap Gp	0.30mm
Scraper gap Gd	0.32mm	The amount of drawing	60mg/cm ²
The photoreceptor footpath	φ30mm	The amount of drawing	60mg/cm ²
The photoreceptor footpath	φ30mm	The photoreceptor linear velocity	2.46
Development sleeve differential surface speed (to photoreceptor)	295.2mm/sec	The photoreceptor linear velocity	2.46
	295.2mm/sec	The latent image condition
Bottom potential VD	-900v	The latent image condition
Bottom potential VD	-900v	The current potential VL of image portion	-100v
Developing bias voltage VB	-700v	The current potential VL of image portion	-100v

Under the condition of table 13, adopt developer 1 by described development magnetic pole (P1), the attenuation rate (%) of the peak value of the normal direction magnetic flux density (Bn) that is created in the development sleeve outside is changed, measure rear end deinking amount and the line thickness aspect ratio of full figure elephant.It when here, deinking amount in rear end is with 0～0.4mm good scope.In addition, described line thickness aspect ratio, it is exactly the image of lines in length and breadth to same width on original copy, when carrying out image formation, with the width of the lines image of the longitudinal direction in the output image (development sleeve surface moving direction), the value of being divided by with the width of the lines image of transverse direction (the rotation center direction of development sleeve).The degree of this value big more (horizontal line attenuates) just becomes big more.

The test findings of Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and table 14 expression present embodiment.

Comparative example 11-1

Adopt developer 2 as developer, make the same with embodiment 11-1, by development magnetic pole (P1), the attenuation rate (%) of the peak value of the normal direction magnetic flux density (Bn) that is created in the development sleeve outside is changed, measure rear end deinking amount and the line thickness aspect ratio of full figure elephant.The result represents at table 14.

Table 14

	Attenuation rate (%)	The rear end deinking	The line aspect ratio	Toner disperses
	Attenuation rate (%)	The rear end deinking	The line aspect ratio	Toner disperses	Example II-1	30	×	×	○
40	△	△	○			30	×	×	○
40	△	△	○	50		○	○	○
60	◎	◎	○	50		○	○	○
60	◎	◎	○	Example II-1		30	×	×	×
40	○	○	×			30	×	×	×
40	○	○	×		50	◎	◎	×
60	◎	◎	×		50	◎	◎	×

(notes) * is a reference example

Find out from this result, the magnetization of toner is adopting (1) to be magnetized to 10～25emu/g in the magnetic field of 5K oersted, (2) in the magnetic field of 1K oersted be magnetized to the magnetic color tuner of 7～20emu/g the time, the attenuation rate that makes the peak value of normal direction magnetic flux density Bn is more than 50%.Therefore the degree that attenuates of rear end deinking amount and horizontal line is few, can obtain the good image of quality.

Embodiment 11-2

Under the condition of table 13, adopt developer 1 to make angle amplitude θ 1 variation between described OmT pole-changing point, estimate rear end deinking amount and the line thickness aspect ratio of full figure elephant, the result is represented at Figure 10, Figure 11 and Figure 15.

Comparative example 11-2

Adopt developer 2 as developer, make equally, make that angle amplitude θ 1 changes between described OmT pole-changing point, rear end deinking amount and the line thickness aspect ratio of evaluation full figure elephant with embodiment 11-2.The result is represented at table 15.

Table 15

	Angle between OmT pole-changing point	The rear end deinking	The line aspect ratio	Toner disperses
	Angle between OmT pole-changing point	The rear end deinking	The line aspect ratio	Toner disperses	Example II-2	22	◎	◎	○
40	○	○	○			22	◎	◎	○
40	○	○	○	61		×	×	○
78	×	×	○	61		×	×	○
78	×	×	○	Example II-2		22	◎	◎	×
40	◎	◎	×			22	◎	◎	×
40	◎	◎	×		61	×	○	×
78	×	×	×		61	×	○	×

Annotate: ^*Be reference example

From this result as can be known, the magnetization of toner is adopting (1) to be magnetized to 10～25emu/g in the magnetic field of 5K oersted, (2) in the magnetic field of 1K oersted, be magnetized to 7～20emu/g, magnetic color tuner the time, make that angle amplitude θ 1 is below 40% between the OmT pole-changing point of normal direction magnetic flux density.Therefore the degree that attenuates of rear end deinking amount and horizontal line is few, can obtain the good image of quality.

Embodiment 11-3

Under the condition of table 13, adopt developer 1, the half-angle degree amplitude θ 2 of the normal direction magnetic flux distribution that is caused by described development magnetic pole is changed, estimate rear end deinking amount and the line thickness aspect ratio of full figure elephant.The result is represented at Figure 12, Figure 13 table 16.

Comparative example 11-3

Adopt developer 2 as developer, make the same with embodiment 11-2, make by the development magnetic pole cause the half-angle degree amplitude θ 2 of normal direction magnetic flux distribution change, estimate rear end deinking amount and the line thickness aspect ratio of full figure elephant.The result is represented at table 16.

Table 16

	Development magnetic pole half value angle amplitude	The rear end deinking	The line aspect ratio	Toner disperses
	Development magnetic pole half value angle amplitude	The rear end deinking	The line aspect ratio	Toner disperses	Example II-3	18.2	◎	◎	○
20.2	○	○	○			18.2	◎	◎	○
20.2	○	○	○	22.3		△	△	○
23.9	×	×	○	22.3		△	△	○
23.9	×	×	○	Comparative Example I I-3		18.2	◎	◎	×
20.2	◎	◎	×			18.2	◎	◎	×
20.2	◎	◎	×		22.3	○	○	×
23.9	△	△	×		22.3	○	○	×

From this result as can be known, the magnetization of toner is adopting (1) to be magnetized to 10～25emu/g in the magnetic field of 5K oersted, (2) in the magnetic field of 1K oersted be magnetized to the magnetic color tuner of 7～20emu/g the time, making the half-angle degree amplitude θ 2 of above-mentioned normal direction magnetic flux density is below 20%.Therefore the degree that attenuates of rear end deinking amount and horizontal line is few, can obtain the good image of quality.

Embodiment 11-4

Adopt developer 1 as developer, in table 13, make the development sleeve change of line speed, the relation between investigation development sleeve linear velocity and toner disperse.

Test findings from present embodiment shown in Figure 14, the magnetization of toner is adopting (1) to be magnetized to 10～25emu/g in the magnetic field of 5K oersted, (2) in the magnetic field of 1K oersted be magnetized to the magnetic color tuner of 7～20emu/g the time, make the development sleeve linear velocity below 550mm/sec.Therefore can prevent reliably that toner from dispersing.

Comparative example 11-4

Adopt developer 2 as developer, make equally, make the development sleeve change of line speed, the relation between investigation development sleeve linear velocity and toner disperse with embodiment 11-4.The result is represented at Figure 14.From this result, the development sleeve linear velocity is when surpassing 200mm/sec, and toner disperses and becomes serious.

In addition, at the last river bend of " good range " of the toner amount of dispersing of Fig. 8, toner disperses and only is created in developing apparatus and periphery thereof, and on developing apparatus, though toner has accumulation, when using usually, the degree of the toner amount of dispersing is no problem.If in this good range, taking advantage of the air-flow in the machine, the toner that is deposited in developing apparatus falls from developing apparatus on one side, and toner is non-cohesive at other parts (charged or plate), and the toner that disperses does not appear on the image yet.In addition, have dirtyly a little on the filtrator of exhaust apparatus etc., but toner is arranged outside machine hardly.

Embodiment 11-5

Adopt developer 1 as developer, in table 13, make surface element voltage VD and developing bias press VB to change, evaluation is as the surface potential of the absolute value of the difference of surface element voltage VD and developing bias pressure VB and rear end deinking amount and the line thickness aspect ratio of full figure elephant.The result is represented at Figure 15, Figure 16 table 17.

Comparative example 11-5

Adopt developer 2 as developer, make the same with embodiment 11-5, make surface element voltage VD and developing bias press VB to change, evaluation is as the surface potential of the absolute value of the difference of surface element voltage VD and developing bias pressure VB and rear end deinking amount and the line thickness aspect ratio of full figure elephant.

Table 17

From the test findings of present embodiment as can be known, the magnetization of toner is adopting (1) to be magnetized to 10～25emu/g in the magnetic field of 5K oersted, (2) in the magnetic field of 1K oersted be magnetized to the magnetic color tuner of 7～20emu/g the time, make surface potential below 400V, therefore rear end deinking amount and the thin degree of horizontal line can be reduced in the scope of permission reliably.

From the test findings at this comparative example of table 17 expression, when having adopted nonmagnetic toner, when surface potential surpassed 100V, it is serious that the rear end deinking becomes, and when surpassing 200V, horizontal line attenuates and becomes serious.

Embodiment 11-6

Adopt developer 1 as developer, in table 13, make the development sleeve linear velocity than changing, development sleeve linear velocity ratio is exactly the ratio of development sleeve linear velocity to photoreceptor magnetic drum linear velocity, estimates rear end deinking amount and the line thickness aspect ratio of full figure elephant.The result is represented at Figure 17, Figure 18, table 18.

Comparative example 11-6

Adopt developer 2 as developer, make equally, make the development sleeve linear velocity than changing with embodiment 11-6,, estimate rear end deinking amount and the line thickness aspect ratio of full figure elephant.The result is represented at Figure 18.

Table 18

	The sleeve differential surface speed	The rear end deinking	The line aspect ratio	Toner disperses
	The sleeve differential surface speed	The rear end deinking	The line aspect ratio	Toner disperses	Example II-6	1.0	◎	◎	○
1.5	◎	◎	○			1.0	◎	◎	○
1.5	◎	◎	○	2.0		◎	◎	○
3.0	○	◎	○	2.0		◎	◎	○
3.0	○	◎	○	3.7		○	◎	○
4.0	○	○	○	3.7		○	◎	○
4.0	○	○	○	Comparative Example I I-6		1.0	◎	◎	×
1.5	○	○	×			1.0	◎	◎	×
1.5	○	○	×		2.0	×	×	×

From the test findings of present embodiment as can be known, the magnetization of toner is adopting (1) to be magnetized to 10～25emu/g in the magnetic field of 5K oersted, (2) in the magnetic field of 1K oersted be magnetized to the magnetic color tuner of 7～20emu/g the time, make development sleeve linear velocity ratio below 3.7, therefore, the thin degree of rear end deinking amount and horizontal line can be reduced in the scope of permission reliably.

From the test findings of this comparative example of table 18 expression, when having adopted nonmagnetic toner, than surpassing at 1.5 o'clock, rear end deinking and horizontal line attenuate and become serious in the development sleeve linear velocity.

Embodiment 11-7

Under the condition of table 13, adopt developer 1 to go out the image test, utilize following evaluation test method to estimate image concentration, surface contamination, resolution, density unevenness, roll-in cut (duplicating bad) cleaning, the result is represented at Figure 19.

The evaluation test method

(image concentration)

From top, middle part, 3 places separately, bottom of image, with wheat fill image concentration that the bass reflection of the concentration measure to amount to 9 positions with its mean value as image concentration.If image concentration more than 1.3, sufficient concentration occurs.

(surface contamination)

Following carrying out estimated in surface contamination, after 100,000 of outputs, the blank sheet of paper original copy with the output of A3 size, is measured the image concentration of its position, any 6 place of image with mark's bass reflection of the concentration, the following judgment standard of value utilization of drawing blank sheet of paper ID from its ID divided for 5 stages estimated.The surface does not have the state of pollution fully in addition, is exactly and the equal value of the reflection density of blank sheet of paper, and its value is big more, and the result of surface contamination is abominable more.

Very: ◎: below 0.02; Zero: 0.03～0.05; : 0.06～0.08; △: 0.09～0.11; *: more than 0.12, poor

(resolution)

Ordinate, horizontal line be average out to 1mm respectively, and 2.0,2.2,2.5,2.8,3.2,3.6,4.0,4.5,5.0,5.6,6.3,7.1 line line charts equally spaced arranged side by side resemble relatively, estimates printing image and can reproduce reliably between line to which kind of degree.

(density unevenness)

Metewand is as follows.

◎: the difference less than 0.1 of image concentration

More than zero: 0.1, less than 0.2

△: more than 0.2, less than 0.5

*: more than 0.5

(cleaning)

After exporting 10,000,, estimate because of cleaning the unusual visual of bad generation with A3 output blank sheet of paper image.

It is bad not produce cleaning: zero

It is bad to produce cleaning: *

(roll-in cut (duplicating comes off))

In official's letter, carry out the duplicating of text chart (mechanically enumerating 19 literal of 1 row, 10 points, the Ming Dynasty), count the number of each row impression (duplicating comes off) literal, with its impression (duplicating comes off) literal number degree carry out relative evaluation.

Well, ◎ is extremely good; Zero: good; : general; *: poor.

(embodiment 11-8～19, comparative example 11-7～8)

Make equally, adopt the developer of table 19 expression,, carry out same evaluation with the method the same with embodiment 1-7 with embodiment 11-1.The result represents table 19.

Table 19

	Developer	Image color	Greasy dirt	Resolution	The concentration deviation	The worm cave	Clean
	Developer	Image color	Greasy dirt	Resolution	The concentration deviation	The worm cave	Clean	Example II-7	1	1.44	○	4.5	○	○	○
Example II-8	2	1.49	○	4.5	○	○	○	Example II-7	1	1.44	○	4.5	○	○	○
Example II-8	2	1.49	○	4.5	○	○	○	Example II-9	3	1.41	◎	4.5	○	○	○
Example II-10	4	1.43	○	4.5	○	◎	◎	Example II-9	3	1.41	◎	4.5	○	○	○
Example II-10	4	1.43	○	4.5	○	◎	◎	Example II-11	5	1.44	○	4.5	○	◎	◎
Example II-12	6	1.42	○	4.5	○	◎	◎	Example II-11	5	1.44	○	4.5	○	◎	◎
Example II-12	6	1.42	○	4.5	○	◎	◎	Example II-13	7	1.44	○	4.5	○	◎	◎
Example II-14	8	1.47	○	5.6	○	◎	◎	Example II-13	7	1.44	○	4.5	○	◎	◎
Example II-14	8	1.47	○	5.6	○	◎	◎	Example II-15	9	1.49	○	6.3	○	◎	◎
Comparative Example I I-7	10	1.54	×	4.5	○	○	○	Example II-15	9	1.49	○	6.3	○	◎	◎
Comparative Example I I-7	10	1.54	×	4.5	○	○	○	Comparative Example I I-8	11	1.49	△	4.5	○	○	○
Example II-16	12	1.28	◎	4.5	△	○	○	Comparative Example I I-8	11	1.49	△	4.5	○	○	○
Example II-16	12	1.28	◎	4.5	△	○	○	Example II-17	13	1.46	○	4.5	○	×	×
Example II-18	14	1.31	△	3.6	×	◎	◎	Example II-17	13	1.46	○	4.5	○	×	×
Example II-18	14	1.31	△	3.6	×	◎	◎	Example II-19	15	1.45	○	4.5	○	△	×

In addition, in the printing machine of described embodiment, with photoreceptor magnetic drum 1, charged roller 50, and at least one cleaning device 58 and developing apparatus 2, constitute as demountable integrative-structure thing with respect to the printing machine main body, also can be used as image and form technique unit (technology collet chuck).Figure 19 is exactly the structure example that image forms technique unit (technology collet chuck) 60, with photoreceptor magnetic drum 1, charged roller 50, and cleaning device 58 and developing apparatus 2 all form as demountable integrative-structure thing with respect to the printing machine main body.

For example be applicable to also that a kind of like this color image forms device and is used in the developing apparatus of this device, promptly on a photoreceptor, form every kind of hyperchromic elephant of all kinds successively, with hyperchromic elephant the of all kinds on this photoreceptor with a copy device, overlap and duplicate on middle copying band, the hyperchromic elephant with the secondary copy device of this middle copying band duplicated on the copy paper together as the middle copying body

In addition, for example be applicable to also that a kind of like this tandem color image forms device and is used for the developing apparatus of this device, promptly the edge is as the linearity mobile route part of the middle copying band of middle copying body, the image cell that will comprise photoreceptor forms many configurations side by side in unit, on the photoreceptor of each image formation unit, form color different hyperchromic elephants the mutually, hyperchromic the elephant with a copy device coincidence on each photoreceptor duplicated on this middle copying band, the hyperchromic elephant with the secondary copy device of layer on this middle copying band duplicated on the copy paper together

Image forming method, device according to the embodiment of embodiments of the invention 11 can obtain toner and not disperse the image of high-quality such as not deinking of rear end.

Embodiment 111

Below, each developer of the table 12 that employing is made according to the toner Production Example of described embodiment 11 and developer Production Example, the developing apparatus that to represent with Figure 28, the IpsioNX720 that is assembled into Ricoh's system goes up (has the duplicating member, the method for making that this duplicating member utilization comprises grinding process obtains), use durability evaluation, estimate magnification error, roll-in indentation (duplicating comes off), cleaning, image concentration, surface contamination, resolution, density unevenness about 10,000.Evaluation result is represented with table 20.In addition, comparative example 111-1 by changing the gear ratio of photocopying roll axial region, is provided with velocity contrast to the linear velocity of photoreceptor, the linear velocity that makes photocopying roll approximately fast 2%.

Table 20

			Developer	Duplicate linear speedization	Magnification error	The worm cave	Clean	Image color	Greasy dirt	Resolution	The concentration deviation
			Developer	Duplicate linear speedization	Magnification error	The worm cave	Clean	Image color	Greasy dirt	Resolution	The concentration deviation	EXAMPLE III-1	Toner Production Example 1	Toner a	1	0％	0.4％	○	○	1.44	○	4.5	○
EXAMPLE III-2	Toner Production Example 3	Toner c	3	0％	0.4％	○	○	1.49	○	4.5	○	EXAMPLE III-1	Toner Production Example 1	Toner a	1	0％	0.4％	○	○	1.44	○	4.5	○
EXAMPLE III-2	Toner Production Example 3	Toner c	3	0％	0.4％	○	○	1.49	○	4.5	○	EXAMPLE III-3	Toner Production Example 4	Toner d	4	0％	0.4％	○	○	1.41	◎	4.5	○
EXAMPLE III-4	Toner Production Example 5	Toner e	5	0％	0.4％	◎	◎	1.43	○	4.5	○	EXAMPLE III-3	Toner Production Example 4	Toner d	4	0％	0.4％	○	○	1.41	◎	4.5	○
EXAMPLE III-4	Toner Production Example 5	Toner e	5	0％	0.4％	◎	◎	1.43	○	4.5	○	EXAMPLE III-5	Toner Production Example 6	Toner f	6	0％	0.4％	◎	◎	1.44	○	4.5	○
EXAMPLE III-6	Toner Production Example 7	Toner g	7	0％	0.4％	◎	◎	1.42	○	4.5	○	EXAMPLE III-5	Toner Production Example 6	Toner f	6	0％	0.4％	◎	◎	1.44	○	4.5	○
EXAMPLE III-6	Toner Production Example 7	Toner g	7	0％	0.4％	◎	◎	1.42	○	4.5	○	EXAMPLE III-7	Toner Production Example 8	Toner h	8	0％	0.4％	◎	◎	1.44	○	4.5	○
EXAMPLE III-8	Toner Production Example 9	Toner i	9	0％	0.4％	◎	◎	1.47	○	5.6	○	EXAMPLE III-7	Toner Production Example 8	Toner h	8	0％	0.4％	◎	◎	1.44	○	4.5	○
EXAMPLE III-8	Toner Production Example 9	Toner i	9	0％	0.4％	◎	◎	1.47	○	5.6	○	EXAMPLE III-9	Toner Production Example 10	Toner j	10	0％	0.4％	◎	◎	1.49	○	6.3	○
Comparative Example I II-1	Toner Production Example 1	Toner a	1	2％	1.3％	◎	○	1.44	○	4.5	○	EXAMPLE III-9	Toner Production Example 10	Toner j	10	0％	0.4％	◎	◎	1.49	○	6.3	○
Comparative Example I II-1	Toner Production Example 1	Toner a	1	2％	1.3％	◎	○	1.44	○	4.5	○	Comparative Example I II-2	Toner Production Example 2	Toner b	2	0％	0.4％	○	○	1.54	×	4.5	○
Comparative Example I II-3	Toner Production Example 11	Toner k	11	0％	0.4％	○	○	1.49	△	4.5	○	Comparative Example I II-2	Toner Production Example 2	Toner b	2	0％	0.4％	○	○	1.54	×	4.5	○
Comparative Example I II-3	Toner Production Example 11	Toner k	11	0％	0.4％	○	○	1.49	△	4.5	○	EXAMPLE III-10	Toner Production Example 12	Toner l	12	0％	0.4％	○	○	1.28	◎	4.5	△
EXAMPLE III-11	Toner Production Example 13	Toner m	13	0％	0.4％	×	×	1.46	○	4.5	○	EXAMPLE III-10	Toner Production Example 12	Toner l	12	0％	0.4％	○	○	1.28	◎	4.5	△
EXAMPLE III-11	Toner Production Example 13	Toner m	13	0％	0.4％	×	×	1.46	○	4.5	○	EXAMPLE III-12	Toner Production Example 14	Toner n	14	0％	0.4％	◎	◎	1.31	△	3.6	×
EXAMPLE III-13	Toner Production Example 15	Toner o	15	0％	0.4％	×	×	1.45	○	4.5	○	EXAMPLE III-12	Toner Production Example 14	Toner n	14	0％	0.4％	◎	◎	1.31	△	3.6	×

Visual formation condition and image evaluation in the described table 20, as described below.

(magnification error)

Magnification error is the paper of expression with respect to theoretical value, in long the stretching of the image of direct of travel, establishes the long L2 of being of the image of copy paper on direct of travel, and the long theoretical value of image is L1, calculates with following formula.

(several 2)

(roll-in indentation (duplicating comes off))

Well, ◎ is extremely good; Zero: good; : general; *: poor.

(cleaning)

It is bad not produce cleaning: zero

It is bad to produce cleaning: *

(image concentration)

From top, middle part, 3 places separately, bottom of image, measure to amount to the image concentration of 9 positions with the Macbeth reflection of the concentration, with its mean value as image concentration.If image concentration is more than 1.3, then for sufficient concentration occurring.

(surface contamination)

Following carrying out estimated in surface contamination, after 100,000 of outputs, the blank sheet of paper original copy with A3 size output, is measured the image concentration of its position, any 6 place of image with mark's bass reflection of the concentration, will be divided for 5 stages estimated from the following judgment standard of value utilization that its ID draws blank sheet of paper ID.The surface does not have the state of pollution fully in addition, is exactly and the equal value of the reflection density of blank sheet of paper, and its value is big more, and the result of surface contamination is abominable more.

Very: ◎: less than 0.02; More than zero: 0.02, less than 0.05; : more than 0.05, less than 0.08; △: more than 0.08, less than 0.11; *: more than 0.11, poor

(resolution)

Ordinate, horizontal line be average out to 1mm respectively, and 2.0,2.2,2.5,2.8,3.2,3.6,4.0,4.5,5.0,5.6,6.3,7.1 line line charts equally spaced arranged side by side resemble relatively, estimates printing image and can reproduce line reliably between which kind of degree.

(density unevenness)

Metewand is as follows.

◎: the difference less than 0.1 of image concentration

More than zero: 0.1, less than 0.2

△: more than 0.2, less than 0.5

*: more than 0.5

Utilize the embodiment of embodiments of the invention 111, can provide to form for a long time and not duplicate deinking, cleaning, image concentration, resolution are good, do not have the image of the high quality image of surface contamination, density unevenness to form with toner, contain image and form two constitutional diagram pictographs with toner and become with developer, and adopt two constitutional diagram pictographs to become to use the image processing system of developer.

Adopt the image processing system of described developer of the present invention owing to do not need toner replenishing mechanism, toner concentration sensor, so Miniaturizable.

Claims

1, a kind of two-component developer, it is characterized in that, in developing apparatus, at developing regional, be created in normal direction magnetic flux density on the developer carrier outer peripheral face, observe from the rotary middle spindle of this developer carrier, angle is below 40 ° between the OmT pole-changing point of this developer carrier surface moving direction, developer contains magnetic color tuner (A) and the magnetic carrier (B) with magnetic at least, magnetic color tuner (A) is magnetized to σ t=10～30emu/g in the magnetic field of 1000Oe, this developing apparatus has the non magnetic developer carrier and the field generator for magnetic that can rotate driving, this field generator for magnetic is at the developing regional relative with the latent image carrier, on this developer carrier, produce the magnetic field that makes the developer dispersion that contains toner and magnetic particle, at this developing regional, by being stated from the brush and sac like developer on this developer carrier surface, equidirectional with this latent image carrier surface moving direction and more mobile and contact than this latent image carrier surface, make the developable latent image on this latent image carrier.

2, a kind of two-component developer, it is characterized in that, in developing apparatus, at developing regional, be created in normal direction magnetic flux density on the developer carrier outer peripheral face, observe from the rotary middle spindle of this developer carrier, half value angle at this developer carrier surface moving direction is below 20 °, this developer contains magnetic color tuner (A) and the magnetic carrier (B) with magnetic at least, magnetic color tuner (A) is magnetized to σ t=10～30emu/g in the magnetic field of 1000Oe, this developing apparatus has the non magnetic developer carrier and the field generator for magnetic that can rotate driving, this field generator for magnetic is at the developing regional relative with the latent image carrier, on this developer carrier, produce the magnetic field that makes the developer dispersion that contains toner and magnetic particle, at this developing regional, by being stated from the brush and sac like developer on this developer carrier surface, equidirectional with this latent image carrier surface moving direction and more mobile and contact than this latent image carrier surface, make the developable latent image on this latent image carrier.

3, a kind of developing apparatus, this developing apparatus has the non magnetic developer carrier and the field generator for magnetic that can rotate driving, this field generator for magnetic is at the developing regional relative with the latent image carrier, on this developer carrier, produce the magnetic field that makes the developer dispersion that contains toner and magnetic particle, at this developing regional, by being stated from the brush and sac like developer on this developer carrier surface, equidirectional with this latent image carrier surface moving direction and more mobile and contact than this latent image carrier surface, make the developable latent image on this latent image carrier, it is characterized in that, in this developing apparatus, described developer contains magnetic color tuner (A) and the magnetic carrier (B) with magnetic at least, magnetic color tuner (A) is magnetized to σ t=10～30emu/g in the magnetic field of 1000Oe, at described developing regional, be created in normal direction magnetic flux density on the described developer carrier outer peripheral face, observe from the rotary middle spindle of this developer carrier, angle is below 40 ° between the OmT pole-changing point of this developer carrier surface moving direction.

4, a kind of developing apparatus, this developing apparatus has the non magnetic developer carrier and the field generator for magnetic that can rotate driving, this field generator for magnetic is at the developing regional relative with the latent image carrier, on this developer carrier, produce the magnetic field that makes the developer dispersion that contains toner and magnetic particle, at this developing regional, by being stated from the brush and sac like developer on this developer carrier surface, equidirectional with this latent image carrier surface moving direction and more mobile and contact than this latent image carrier surface, make the developable latent image on this latent image carrier, it is characterized in that, described developer contains magnetic color tuner (A) and the magnetic carrier (B) with magnetic at least, and magnetic color tuner (A) is magnetized to σ t=10～30emu/g in the magnetic field of 1000Oe.At described developing regional, be created in normal direction magnetic flux density on the described developer carrier outer peripheral face, that observe from the rotary middle spindle of this developer carrier, be below 20 ° in the half value angle of this developer carrier surface moving direction.

5, a kind of image forming method, described image forming method has following developing procedure, adopt developer roll, at developing regional, the brush and sac like developer on developer carrier surface will be stated from, equidirectional with latent image carrier surface moving direction and more mobile and contact than this latent image carrier surface, make the developable latent image on this latent image carrier, described developer roll has the non magnetic developer carrier and the field generator for magnetic that can rotate driving, described field generator for magnetic is positioned at the inboard of this developer carrier, at the developing regional relative with the development carrier, on this developer carrier, produce the magnetic field that makes the developer dispersion that contains toner and magnetic particle, it is characterized in that, described developer adopts two-component developer, and at described developing regional, the attenuation rate that is created in the normal direction magnetic flux density of described developer carrier outer side surface is more than 50%, described two-component developer contains magnetic color tuner (A) and the magnetic carrier (B) with magnetic at least as developer; This magnetic color tuner (A) contains the inorganic fine particles of being handled by silicone oil at least, the ionization rate of this silicone oil is 10～70%, the magnetization of toner (1) is magnetized to 10～25emu/g in 5K oersted magnetic field, (2) are magnetized to 7～20emu/g in 1K oersted magnetic field.

6, a kind of image forming method, described image forming method has following developing procedure, adopt developer roll, at developing regional, the brush and sac like developer on developer carrier surface will be stated from, equidirectional with latent image carrier surface moving direction and more mobile and contact than this latent image carrier surface, make the developable latent image on this latent image carrier, described developer roll has the non magnetic developer carrier and the field generator for magnetic that can rotate driving, described field generator for magnetic is positioned at the inboard of this developer carrier, at the developing regional relative with the development carrier, on this developer carrier, produce the magnetic field that makes the developer dispersion that contains toner and magnetic particle, it is characterized in that, described developer adopts two-component developer, at described developing regional, be created in normal direction magnetic flux density on the development carrier outer peripheral face, observe from the rotary middle spindle of this developer carrier, angle is below 40 ° between the OmT pole-changing point of this developer carrier surface moving direction; Described two-component developer contains magnetic color tuner (A) and the magnetic carrier (B) with magnetic at least; This magnetic color tuner (A) contains the inorganic fine particles of being handled by silicone oil at least, the ionization rate of this silicone oil is 10～70%, the magnetization of described toner (1) is magnetized to 10～25emu/g, (2) magnetization 7～20emu/g in 1K oersted magnetic field in 5K oersted magnetic field.

7, a kind of image forming method, described image forming method has following developing procedure, adopt developer roll, at developing regional, the brush and sac like developer on developer carrier surface will be stated from, equidirectional with latent image carrier surface moving direction and more mobile and contact than this latent image carrier surface, make the developable latent image on this latent image carrier, described developer roll has the non magnetic developer carrier and the field generator for magnetic that can rotate driving, described field generator for magnetic is positioned at the inboard of this developer carrier, at the developing regional relative with the development carrier, on this developer carrier, produce the magnetic field that makes the developer dispersion that contains toner and magnetic particle, it is characterized in that, described developer adopts two-component developer, at described developing regional, be created in normal direction magnetic flux density on the development carrier outer peripheral face, observe from the rotary middle spindle of this developer carrier, half value angle at this developer carrier surface moving direction is below 20 °; Described two-component developer contains magnetic color tuner (A) and magnetic carrier (B) with magnetic at least as developer; This magnetic color tuner (A) contains the inorganic fine particles of being handled by silicone oil at least, the ionization rate of this silicone oil is 10～70%, the magnetization of toner (1) is magnetized to 10～25emu/g, (2) magnetization 7～20emu/g in 1K oersted magnetic field in 5K oersted magnetic field.

8, as each described image forming method of claim 5～7, it is characterized in that, described development is following carrying out, have developer limiting member, developer collecting receiving part and toner resettlement section, the amount of the developer that the restriction of described developer limiting member is carried on the developer carrier and carries to described developing regional; Described developer collecting receiving part is accommodated with this developer and has been limited the developer of member restriction to the conveying of this developing regional; Described toner resettlement section has the toner replenishing opening, it is adjacent with this developer carrier surface from developer throughput direction upstream and this developer collecting receiving part adjoining position, utilize developer along with developer is carried moving on this developer carrier, according to the concentration of the toner of developer on this developer carrier, the toner in this toner resettlement section is added in the developer.

9, a kind of image processing system, this image processing system has developing apparatus, this developing apparatus adopts developer roll, at developing regional, the brush and sac like developer on developer carrier surface will be stated from, equidirectional with latent image carrier surface moving direction and more mobile and contact than this latent image carrier surface, make the developable latent image on this latent image carrier, described developer roll has the non magnetic developer carrier and the field generator for magnetic that can rotate driving, described field generator for magnetic is positioned at the inboard of this developer carrier, at the developing regional relative with the development carrier, on this developer carrier, produce the magnetic field that makes the developer dispersion that contains toner and magnetic particle, it is characterized in that described developer contains magnetic color tuner (A) and the magnetic carrier (B) with magnetic at least; This magnetic color tuner (A) contains the inorganic fine particles of being handled by silicone oil at least, the ionization rate of this silicone oil is 10～70%, the magnetization of toner (1) is magnetized to 10～25emu/g in 5K oersted magnetic field, (2) the magnetization 7～20emu/g in 1K oersted magnetic field, at described developing regional, the attenuation rate that is created in the normal direction magnetic flux density of described developer carrier outer side surface is more than 50%.

10, a kind of image processing system, this image processing system has developing apparatus, this developing apparatus adopts developer roll, at developing regional, the brush and sac like developer on developer carrier surface will be stated from, equidirectional with latent image carrier surface moving direction and more mobile and contact than this latent image carrier surface, make the developable latent image on this latent image carrier, described developer roll has the non magnetic developer carrier and the field generator for magnetic that can rotate driving, described field generator for magnetic is positioned at the inboard of this developer carrier, at the developing regional relative with the development carrier, on this developer carrier, produce the magnetic field that makes the developer dispersion that contains toner and magnetic particle, it is characterized in that described developer contains magnetic color tuner (A) and the magnetic carrier (B) with magnetic at least; This magnetic color tuner (A) contains the inorganic fine particles of being handled by silicone oil at least, the ionization rate of this silicone oil is 10～70%, the magnetization of toner (1) is magnetized to 10～25emu/g in 5K oersted magnetic field, (2) are magnetized to 7～20emu/g in 1K oersted magnetic field; At described developing regional, be created in normal direction magnetic flux density on the described developer carrier outer peripheral face, that observe from the rotary middle spindle of this developer carrier, angle is below 40 ° between the OmT pole-changing point of this developer carrier surface moving direction.

11, a kind of image processing system, this image processing system has developing apparatus, this developing apparatus adopts developer roll, at developing regional, the brush and sac like developer on developer carrier surface will be stated from, equidirectional with latent image carrier surface moving direction and more mobile and contact than this latent image carrier surface, make the developable latent image on this latent image carrier, described developer roll has the non magnetic developer carrier and the field generator for magnetic that can rotate driving, described field generator for magnetic is positioned at the inboard of this developer carrier, at the developing regional relative with the development carrier, on this developer carrier, produce the magnetic field that makes the developer dispersion that contains toner and magnetic particle, it is characterized in that described developer contains magnetic color tuner (A) and the magnetic carrier (B) with magnetic at least; This magnetic color tuner (A) contains the inorganic fine particles of being handled by silicone oil at least, the ionization rate of this silicone oil is 10～70%, the magnetization of toner (1) is magnetized to 10～25emu/g, (2) magnetization 7～20emu/g in 1K oersted magnetic field in 5K oersted magnetic field; At described developing regional, be created in normal direction magnetic flux density on the described developer carrier outer peripheral face, that observe from the rotary middle spindle of this developer carrier, be below 20 ° in the half value angle of this developer carrier surface moving direction.

12, as each described image processing system of claim 9～11, it is characterized in that, described developing apparatus has developer roll, developer limiting member, developer collecting receiving part, toner resettlement section, and wherein said developer roll has the developer carrier and is positioned at its inboard, produces the field generator for magnetic make the magnetic field that the developer that contains toner and magnetic particle disperses at the developing regional relative with the latent image carrier, on this developer carrier; The amount of the developer that the restriction of described developer limiting member is carried on the described developer carrier, carry to described developing regional; Described developer collecting receiving part is accommodated the developer that has carried out restriction with the conveying of this this developing regional of developer limiting member subtend; Described toner resettlement section has the toner replenishing opening, and it is adjacent with this developer carrier surface from developer throughput direction upstream and this developer collecting receiving part adjoining position; Utilize developer along with developer is carried moving on this developer carrier,, the toner in this toner resettlement section is added in the developer according to the concentration of the toner of developer on this developer carrier.

13, a kind of image formation process unit, described image formation process unit with the latent image carrier, make the same charged Charging system in this latent image carrier surface, and clean this latent image carrier surface cleaning device at least one and make on this latent image carrier developable latent image and as the developing apparatus of toner picture, with respect to image forming device body, can constitute the integrative-structure thing removably, it is characterized in that described developing apparatus uses as each described developing apparatus of claim 9～12.

14, a kind of image forms and uses toner, it is used for image processing system, this image processing system has developing apparatus and copy device, described developing apparatus has the latent image carrier and form the latent image formation device of latent image on this latent image carrier, latent image on this latent image carrier is developed, form toner image; Described copy device looks like to duplicate the toner on this latent image carrier on the parts; In this copy device, has the duplicating member that obtains by the manufacture method that comprises grinding step, make the surface of this duplicating member make shuttling movement, for and duplicate that not produce surperficial translational speed between the member poor, make duplicate that component surface moves and also with the image carrier subtend that is loaded with image, between this image carrier and duplicating member, form the clamping section, make and duplicate parts, image is duplicated on the parts from described image carrier by this clamping section; It is characterized in that, described toner is the magnetic color tuner that is made of binder resin and magnetic at least, and contain the inorganic fine particles of handling by silicone oil, the ionization rate of this silicone oil is 10～70%, and the magnetization of toner (1) is magnetized to 10～25emu/g in 5K oersted magnetic field, and (2) are magnetized to 7～20emu/g in 1K oersted magnetic field.

15, image as claimed in claim 14 forms and uses toner, it is characterized in that described magnetic color tuner contains the inorganic fine particles of crossing with the silicone oil heat treated at least, and the ionization rate of this silicone oil after the heat treated is 10～70%.

16, use toner as claim 14 or 15 described images formation, it is characterized in that the inorganic fine particles in the described magnetic color tuner is made of silicon dioxide and/or titanium dioxide.

17, use toner as claim 14 or 15 described images formation, it is characterized in that the size distribution of described magnetic color tuner is: (1) weight average particle diameter is 6.0～10.0 μ m, and the following toner particle number of (2) 5 μ m has 20～80%.

18, use toner as claim 14 or 15 described images formation, it is characterized in that the size distribution of described magnetic color tuner is: (1) weight average particle diameter is 6.0～8.0 μ m, and the following toner particle number of (2) 5 μ m has 40～80%.

19, a kind of two constitutional diagram pictures form and use developer, it is characterized in that, contain each described image formation of claim 14～18 with toner and the magnetic carrier that is made of magnetic.

20, two constitutional diagram pictures as claimed in claim 19 form and use developer, it is characterized in that described magnetic carrier has dyed layer, and described dyed layer is principal ingredient at least with the silicones.

21, a kind of image processing system, it is characterized in that having developing apparatus and copy device, described developing apparatus has the latent image carrier and form the latent image formation device of latent image on this latent image carrier, latent image on this latent image carrier is developed, form the toner picture; Described copy device looks like to duplicate the toner on this latent image carrier on the parts, it is characterized in that, this developing apparatus comprises: the developer carrier, its inside has field generator for magnetic, carrying also transmits the two-component developer of being made up of magnetic color tuner and magnetic carrier, described magnetic color tuner is made up of binding resin and magnetic at least, and described magnetic carrier is made of magnetic at least; First limiting member, it is used for limiting the amount by the described developer of described developer carrier carrying, transmission; The developer collecting receiving part, it accommodates the described developer that is scraped by described first limiting member; The toner resettlement section, it is adjacent with described developer collecting receiving part, toner supply is arrived described developer carrier, variation according to the toner concentration of developer on the described developer carrier, the contact condition of this developer and described toner is changed, and then make the toner of developer on the described developer carrier adopt state variation; Described developer collecting receiving part has compares second limiting member that is configured in the direction of transfer upstream side of developer on the described developer carrier with first limiting member; Described second limiting member, toner concentration rising for developer on described developer carrier, when the bed thickness of this developer increases, limit this developer and increase passing through of part, gap between setting and the described developer carrier, and this copy device has the duplicating member that is obtained by the manufacture method that comprises grinding process, make the surface of described duplicating member make shuttling movement, for and duplicate that not produce surperficial translational speed between the member poor, make duplicate that component surface moves and also with the image carrier subtend that is loaded with image, between this image carrier and duplicating member, form the clamping section, make and duplicate parts, image is duplicated on the parts from described image carrier by this clamping section; And the developer that adopts is claim 19 or 20 described two constitutional diagram pictures formation developers.