CN1789498A - Metal modified active carbon fiber electrode and method for removing nitrate thereby - Google Patents

Metal modified active carbon fiber electrode and method for removing nitrate thereby Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1789498A
CN1789498A CN 200410098590 CN200410098590A CN1789498A CN 1789498 A CN1789498 A CN 1789498A CN 200410098590 CN200410098590 CN 200410098590 CN 200410098590 A CN200410098590 A CN 200410098590A CN 1789498 A CN1789498 A CN 1789498A
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nitrate
water
carbon fiber
electrode
hour
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CN100460567C (en
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曲久辉
王颖
武荣成
刘会娟
雷鹏举
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Research Center for Eco Environmental Sciences of CAS
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Research Center for Eco Environmental Sciences of CAS
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Abstract

The invention, belonging to water treatment technical field, discloses the electric pole used for removing nitrate in water. The invention uses one of noble metals (palladium, platinum, gold, rhodium, and ruthenium) and one of non noble metals (copper, tin, indium, zinc and silver) to modify the activated carbon fiber and make the electric pole. The method uses the said electric pole as negative pole, and uses graphite and lead oxide as anode, deoxidizing the nitrate at the condition of energisation. The electric pole is cheap and high activity, and the invention is simple operation, convenient management and suits for small-scale decentralized feedwater treatment.

Description

Metal modified active carbon fiber electrode and remove the method for nitrate with this electrode
Invention field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of removing the electrode of nitrate in the water and using nitrate in this electrode removal water, it specifically is a kind of metal-modified Activated Carbon Fiber Electrodes, under the situation of energising,, belong to the Application Areas of water technology with the nitrate reduction in the water.
Background of invention
Owing to being extensive use of and the reasons such as a large amount of dischargings of municipal effluent and trade effluent of agrochemical, causing global pollution of nitrate nitrogen in underground water, and be the trend that goes from bad to worse.At present, the most of areas of China are subjected to azotate pollution to some extent as the underground water of drinking water source, and its concentration of indivedual areas has surpassed 100mg-N/L.The nitrate of Excessive Intake has a lot of harm to HUMAN HEALTH, can cause methemoglobinemia, can cause hypoxia death when serious.And effect such as that the inferior ammonium nitrate that forms in the nitrate conversion process etc. also have is carcinogenic, teratogenesis and mutagenesis.Therefore the pollution of nitrate nitrogen in the purifying drinking water becomes crucial environmental problem.
The method of removing nitrate in the water at present mainly contains physics method, biological denitrification method and chemical reduction method.The physics method is the nitrate in the former water to be shifted or concentrate, and in fact it is not removed up hill and dale, so be subjected to certain restriction on using; The biological denitrification method is converted into nitrogen by the reductive action of microorganism with nitrate, is present main method of denitration, but still the shortcoming that exists some to be difficult to overcome, low as capacity of resisting impact load, have secondary pollution, complex process is not suitable on a small scale and disperses to water treatment etc.Chemical reduction method comprises metal simple-substance reduction method, hydrogen catalysis reduction method and electrochemical reducing.The metal simple-substance reduction method is to be that reductive agent is a nitrogen with nitrate reduction with metal simple-substances such as iron, aluminium, zinc, and its reaction conditions is difficult to control, easily produces by product and causes secondary pollution.The hydrogen catalysis reduction method is to be reductive agent with hydrogen, under the effect of catalyzer nitrate is reduced, and its speed of response is fast, can avoid the secondary pollution to water.But the solubleness of hydrogen in water is low, and inflammable and explosive, and the transportation difficulty has inconvenience when using.Electrochemical reducing is a kind of method of denitration that just develops out in recent years, and the present electrode of studying mostly is precious metal material, as palladium, platinum.Gold electrode; The perhaps noble metal electrode of surface modification, it costs an arm and a leg, and is difficult to practical application.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: prepare that a kind of cost is low, high reactivity, in order to removing the metal modified active carbon fiber electrode of nitrate in the water, and utilize this electrode to set up a kind of method of removing nitrate nitrogen in the water safely and efficiently.
Electrode involved in the present invention is to utilize a kind of (A) in palladium, platinum, gold, rhodium, the ruthenium precious metal and a kind of transition metal (B) activated carbon fiber (ACF) electrode (A-B/ACF) as copper, tin, indium, zinc, silver particles modification, A: B=1 wherein: (0.125-1), A: ACF=1: (20-100) (weight ratio).
Electrode adopts the preparation of iso volumetric impregnation method.At first the corresponding solubility lead compound of the precious metal (A) of metering is dissolved in the hydrochloric acid soln, activated carbon fiber is impregnated in carry out the periodicity stirring in this solution; Drying, high-temperature calcination is cooled to room temperature, impregnated in then to carry out the periodicity stirring in the gauge water solution that contains transition metal (B); Drying again, high-temperature calcination is cooled to room temperature, at last with its thorough reduction.
Described dipping time is 12-24 hour, periodically mixing chamber was divided into 1 hour, bake out temperature is 105-120 ℃, drying time is 10-18 hour, calcining temperature is 400-500 ℃, and calcination time is 1-3 hour, and reduction temperature is 200-300 ℃, recovery time is 1-3 hour, and used reducing atmosphere is a hydrogen.
The method of nitrate is as follows in the removal water that the present invention set up:
The Activated Carbon Fiber Electrodes of modification is as negative electrode with prepared metal (A) with (B), and inactive, conductive material such as graphite, plumbous oxide separate with proton exchange membrane between the anode and cathode as anode.Under the situation of energising, the electrical catalyze reduction reaction takes place in the water that contains nitrate in the cathodic area, with nitrate reduction; The electrolysis of water or the reaction of carbon dioxide process carbon electrode stripping take place in the positive column.The strength of current that is applied between anode and cathode is 20-60mA, and the initial pH value of institute's treating water is 5-10.
Characteristics of the present invention are:
(1) prepared metal modified active carbon fiber electrode cost is low, the active height of reduction nitrate, and speed of response is fast.
(2) adopt electrochemical method reduction nitrate, need not add any medicament, can avoid going out the water generates secondary pollution.
(3) proton exchange membrane is divided into cathodic area and positive column with reaction, helps at cathodic area formation reductibility environment; Proton can be delivered to the cathodic area from the positive column on the other hand, can cushion the pH value in cathodic area.
(4) technology is simple, and is low to the operational management requirement, is applicable to small-scale and disperses to give water treatment.
Embodiment
Example 1
At first the 0.04619g Palladous chloride is dissolved in the appropriate hydrochloric acid solution, adopt the iso volumetric impregnation method, the 0.554g activated carbon fiber is immersed in the above-mentioned Palladous chloride hydrochloric acid soln, carry out periodicity and stir, through 105 ℃ of oven dry 12 hours, under argon shield, calcined 2 hours again in 500 ℃; After naturally cooling to room temperature, impregnated in again in an amount of tin chloride hydrochloric acid soln, make Sn/ACF=1.25% (weight ratio), carry out periodicity and stir,, under argon shield, calcined 2 hours again in 500 ℃ through 105 ℃ of oven dry 12 hours; After naturally cooling to room temperature, be reductive agent with hydrogen, promptly get metal-modified Activated Carbon Fiber Electrodes at 200 ℃ of following reductase 12s hour.
Adopt this electrode as the nitrate in the cathodic reduction water, the useful volume 400mL in cathodic area, electrode area 36cm 2, anode is a graphite, and annode area equals cathode area, and received current intensity is 40mA.Cathodic area nitrate radical starting point concentration is 110mg/L, and initial pH is 7.6, after 240min is carried out in reaction, and nitrate concentration 3.4mg/L, nitrite anions concentration 3mg/L, ammonium concentration 4.7mg/L.
Example 2
Electrode preparation and use this electrode to remove the method such as the example 1 of nitrate in water, different is Sn/ACF=2.5% (weight ratio) wherein.Cathodic area nitrate radical starting point concentration is 110mg/L, and initial pH is 7.6, after 240min is carried out in reaction, and nitrate concentration 8.37mg/L, nitrite anions concentration 3.1mg/L, ammonium concentration 8.6mg/L.
Example 3
Electrode preparation and this electrode of use are removed the method such as the example 1 of nitrate in water.Cathodic area nitrate radical starting point concentration is 113mg/L, and initial pH is 5.1, after 240min is carried out in reaction, and nitrate concentration 1.13mg/L, nitrite anions concentration 0.1mg/L, ammonium concentration 4.9mg/L.

Claims (6)

1. electrode of removing nitrate in the water, it is characterized in that, with activated carbon fiber (ACF) is carrier, on this carrier load have precious metal (A) as a kind of and a kind of base metal (B) in palladium, platinum, gold, rhodium, the ruthenium as copper, tin, indium, zinc, silver particles as active constituent, A: B=1 wherein: (0.125-1), A: ACF=1: (20-100) (weight ratio).
2. an electrode method for preparing nitrate in the removal water as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the corresponding solubility lead compound with precious metal (A) is dissolved in the hydrochloric acid soln earlier, activated carbon fiber be impregnated in carry out the periodicity stirring in this solution; Drying, high-temperature calcination is cooled to room temperature, impregnated in then to carry out the periodicity stirring in the gauge water solution that contains transition metal (B); Drying again, high-temperature calcination is cooled to room temperature, at last with its thorough reduction.
3. according to the described electrode preparation method of claim 2, it is characterized in that nitrate, acetate, chlorate that the corresponding solubility lead compound of described precious metal (A) is precious metal (A).
4. according to the described electrode preparation method of claim 2, it is characterized in that, described dipping time is 12-24 hour, and periodically mixing chamber was divided into 1 hour, and bake out temperature is 105-120 ℃, drying time is 10-18 hour, calcining temperature is 400-500 ℃, and calcination time is 1-3 hour, and reduction temperature is 200-300 ℃, recovery time is 1-3 hour, and used reducing atmosphere is a hydrogen.
5. the method for nitrate in the electrochemical reduction water, it is characterized in that, is negative electrode as a kind of and a kind of base metal (B) in palladium, platinum, gold, rhodium, the ruthenium as the activated carbon fiber of copper, tin, indium, zinc, silver particles modification with precious metal (A), inactive, conductive material such as graphite, plumbous oxide is as anode, separate with proton exchange membrane between the anode and cathode, under the condition of airtight anoxia, make the nitrate reduction in the cathode compartment.
6. according to the method for nitrate in the described a kind of electrochemical reduction water of claim 5, it is characterized in that the strength of current that is applied is 20-60mA between anode and cathode, the initial pH value of institute's treating water is 5-10.
CNB2004100985902A 2004-12-15 2004-12-15 Metal modified active carbon fiber electrode and method for removing nitrate thereby Expired - Fee Related CN100460567C (en)

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Cited By (13)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101624226A (en) * 2008-07-11 2010-01-13 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 Method and reactor for removing nitrate through catalytic electrochemical biological hydrogen autotrophic denitrification
CN102039125A (en) * 2009-10-13 2011-05-04 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 Preparation and application method of supported bimetallic catalyst for removing nitrate in water
CN101537353B (en) * 2009-04-29 2011-05-11 安徽师范大学 Preparation method of single-dimensional nano composite material
CN101700924B (en) * 2009-11-30 2011-06-29 重庆大学 Device for removing nitrate in water
CN102992543A (en) * 2012-11-27 2013-03-27 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 Method and device for biochemically removing nitrate in drinking water
CN103304038A (en) * 2013-05-14 2013-09-18 南京大学 Electrochemical-biological membrane synergistic reactor and application thereof in nitrogen-containing organic wastewater
CN105000636A (en) * 2015-07-10 2015-10-28 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 Method for removing cyanide from water by using copper electrode strengthened electrochemistry
CN107140716A (en) * 2017-06-22 2017-09-08 河海大学 A kind of Electrochemical adsorption combination process handles the equipment and processing method of waste water from dyestuff
CN108751358A (en) * 2018-07-06 2018-11-06 广东益诺欧环保股份有限公司 A kind for the treatment of method and apparatus of high concentrated organic wastewater
CN111204848A (en) * 2020-01-12 2020-05-29 大连理工大学 Method for removing pollutants through non-uniform cathodic electro-reduction of metal loaded on conductive substrate
CN112110522A (en) * 2020-09-09 2020-12-22 清华大学 Electrochemical Fenton device and electrochemical Fenton method for treating pollutants
CN114106343A (en) * 2020-08-28 2022-03-01 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Preparation method of metal organic framework material
CN114212860A (en) * 2021-12-14 2022-03-22 宁波职业技术学院 Method for treating wastewater by using nano-silver modified carbon paper anode to electrically activate persulfate

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US5935392A (en) * 1995-06-01 1999-08-10 Upscale Water Technologies, Inc. Electrodes for electrolytic removal of nitrates from water, methods of making same, and apparatus incorporating said electrodes
US5958196A (en) * 1995-06-01 1999-09-28 Upscale Water Technologies, Inc. Planar carbon fiber and noble metal oxide electrodes and methods of making the same
JP2000325956A (en) * 1999-05-19 2000-11-28 Meidensha Corp Electrochemical water cleaner
JP2004137593A (en) * 2002-10-17 2004-05-13 Kenji Shinohara Porous ceramic-water electrode

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101624226A (en) * 2008-07-11 2010-01-13 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 Method and reactor for removing nitrate through catalytic electrochemical biological hydrogen autotrophic denitrification
CN101537353B (en) * 2009-04-29 2011-05-11 安徽师范大学 Preparation method of single-dimensional nano composite material
CN102039125A (en) * 2009-10-13 2011-05-04 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 Preparation and application method of supported bimetallic catalyst for removing nitrate in water
CN101700924B (en) * 2009-11-30 2011-06-29 重庆大学 Device for removing nitrate in water
CN102992543A (en) * 2012-11-27 2013-03-27 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 Method and device for biochemically removing nitrate in drinking water
CN102992543B (en) * 2012-11-27 2014-07-23 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 Method and device for biochemically removing nitrate in drinking water
CN103304038A (en) * 2013-05-14 2013-09-18 南京大学 Electrochemical-biological membrane synergistic reactor and application thereof in nitrogen-containing organic wastewater
CN105000636A (en) * 2015-07-10 2015-10-28 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 Method for removing cyanide from water by using copper electrode strengthened electrochemistry
CN107140716A (en) * 2017-06-22 2017-09-08 河海大学 A kind of Electrochemical adsorption combination process handles the equipment and processing method of waste water from dyestuff
CN107140716B (en) * 2017-06-22 2020-09-01 河海大学 Equipment and method for treating dye wastewater by electrochemical-adsorption composite process
CN108751358A (en) * 2018-07-06 2018-11-06 广东益诺欧环保股份有限公司 A kind for the treatment of method and apparatus of high concentrated organic wastewater
CN111204848A (en) * 2020-01-12 2020-05-29 大连理工大学 Method for removing pollutants through non-uniform cathodic electro-reduction of metal loaded on conductive substrate
CN114106343A (en) * 2020-08-28 2022-03-01 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Preparation method of metal organic framework material
CN112110522A (en) * 2020-09-09 2020-12-22 清华大学 Electrochemical Fenton device and electrochemical Fenton method for treating pollutants
CN114212860A (en) * 2021-12-14 2022-03-22 宁波职业技术学院 Method for treating wastewater by using nano-silver modified carbon paper anode to electrically activate persulfate
CN114212860B (en) * 2021-12-14 2023-04-25 宁波职业技术学院 Method for treating wastewater by nano-silver modified carbon paper anode electro-active persulfate

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