Background technology:
N (2)-L-alanyl-L-glutamine belongs to amino acid whose derivative, is relatively more popular both at home and abroad at present amino acid dipeptide product, is called for short glutamine dipeptide, is mainly used in the body-care industry; It is the ideal substitute of the rich in amino acid glutamine of body burden.Glutamine occupies very big ratio at muscle protein and plasma proteins, and content is respectively 75% and 26%.
Glutamine has the important physical effect.Glutamine is the essential precursor substance of biosynthesizing nucleic acid, is the instrumentality of protein synthesis and decomposition, and being amino acid turns to the carrier of internal organ from peripheral tissues, is the important matrix of renal excretion ammonia.Glutamine is the significant energy material of intestinal epithelial cell, renal tubular cell, scavenger cell synthon cell, keeping the enteron aisle function, promote immunologic function, keep soda balance in the body and improve body to stress aspects such as adaptation all bringing into play important role.
Severe infections clinically, compound fracture, under the emergent and high de-agglomeration metabolism state such as wound, major operation, large-area burns and malignant tumour later stage, the needs of glutamine have substantially exceeded the ability of the synthetic glutamine of body, the content of glutamine in the body is reduced, thereby nucleic acid, protein synthesis are reduced.If adopt traditional total intravenous nutrition liquid (TPN), then may cause the intestinal mucosa atrophy, intestinal mucosal permeability raises and bacterial translocation, even causes septicemia and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.A large amount of experimental results show that: the TPN of additional GLN has remarkable effect to the prevention and the recovery of numerous disease, if in TPN, add a certain amount of glutamine, to improve the concentration of glutamine in the tissues such as blood and muscle, then play an important role to keeping or recovering the intestinal mucosa function.Import the TPN that replenishes GLN for the patient of severe infections, can obviously keep the expression of positive nitrogen balance and promotion cell GLN synthetic enzyme, the reduction that alleviates interior GLN concentration of myocyte and rrna concentration.
Because glutamine important physical function and pharmacological action make its application in parenteral nutrition be subjected to the general attention of people.But because its solubleness is low, and unstable in the solution, under the condition of heat sterilization, generate deleterious burnt glutaric acid and ammonia, so do not contain GLN in the commodity amino acid preparation.Only being translated into stable derivative could work to human body.
For glutamine, the solubleness of glutamine dipeptide is 20 times of glutamine, and is also very stable in storage and heat sterilization, can directly be prepared into infusion preparation and be used for clinical.Glutamine dipeptide enters and promptly resolves into glutamine rapidly behind the human body and play a role.Verify bright factually, glutamine dipeptide is divided into it very soon and forms amino acid in vivo, transformation period is very short, can only detect a spot of dipeptides in the blood, only there is the dipeptides of trace from urine, to discharge, illustrate that glutamine dipeptide can effectively be utilized and can not gather in blood, avoided the infringement of issuable pharmacology and physiological.The long-term intravenous drip glutamine dipeptide of healthy human body does not influence normal renal function without any side effect and untoward reaction.
Have only German Fresenius company to adopt prior synthesizing method to produce glutamine dipeptide at present in the world,, adopted some extremely expensive catalysts because the technology synthesis step of the said firm is many, thereby the cost height, the every gram bulk drug of its explant price just needs 2 dollars.And my company through in a few years grope and improve process, grasped comparatively advanced and the perfect synthetic and purification techniques of this product finally.Our company has grasped following advantage to N (2)-L-alanyl-L-glutamine: this product operational path advanced person, and raw material is easy to get, synthesis step is simple, and product content 〉=99.0% is safe and reliable, environmentally safe in the production process; Cost is reduced to 1/4 to 1/3 of external product explant price, has bigger profit margin.The present the finished product of this technology are high-capacity injections, and product has 7,600,000,000 yuan great market share present every year, and by 20 tons of calculating of annual production, can realize 2.2 hundred million yuan of sales revenue every year after this project industrialization.Can take part in international competition by substituting import one, can change the situation that the ordinary consumer that costs an arm and a leg is difficult to bear again, significant to improving the physique of the nation people.
The glutamine dipeptide synthetic method has following 4 kinds:
1. at first the amino of GLN (glutamine) is protected, formed Cbz-Gln; Second step is with the amido protection formation Cbz-Gln (OC13H9) of Cbz-Gln; The 3rd step is with carboxy protective formation Cbz-Gln (OC13H9) OMe of Cbz-Gln (OC13H9); In the 4th step, logical hydrogen forms Gln (OC13H9) OMe; In the 5th step, add CBZ-ALA; In the 6th step, CBZ-ALA is activated; In the 7th step, CBZ-ALA and Gln (OC13H9) OMe is combined into peptide; The 8th step, saponification piptonychia ester; In the 9th step, whole protections are sloughed in acidifying, form dipeptides.(document Yasutsugu Shimomishi, Studies on the Synthesis of PeptidesContaining Glutamine as the C-Terminal.Y.Bull.Chem.Soc.Jpn.1962,35,1966) this method reactions steps is too many, and the reagent costliness, no actual application value.
2. utilize Z-ALA and HOSu under the DCC effect,, cross the elimination dicyclohexylurea (DCU), in the aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, synthesize then with for the Gln that protects in 20~25 ℃ of reaction 5h.Product reduces hydrogenation in methyl alcohol, slough protecting group, can obtain glutamine dipeptide.(M.Eur.pat 311,057 for document katoh, T.Kurauchi, and 12Apr.1989) this method reagent costliness, and the reacted product of DCC is difficult to remove, and the production process complexity.
3. utilize COCl2 and Ala reaction to generate and mix acid anhydride, react in water with Gln then, PH remains on 10.2.In acid solution, slough protection at last, can obtain glutamine dipeptide.(document Frerst, P.Pfaendetr, P.Ger.Offen.DE 3206,784.01 Sep 1983) this method reactions steps is simple, but phosgene is hypertoxic gas, and this reaction is difficult to react completely, and is bigger to human body harm.
4. utilize the amino acid and the triphenyl phosphorus of the protection of N-end, hexachloroethane reacts in organic solvent and generates active ester; React in organic solvent and mineral alkali water mixed liquid with active ester and Gln then, PH is controlled 8.5~13; Use the mineral acid acidifying at last, slough N end blocking group again, can obtain glutamine dipeptide.(document: Zhao Yufen, Tang fruit, Zhouning County; Xiamen University; Application number 02123369.1 Chinese patent on January 22nd, 2003) this method steps is simple, but reagent is expensive rare and toxicity is very big, and is bigger to human body harm.
The object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of raw material is easy to get, synthesis step is simple, cost is low, productive rate is high, safe and reliable, the glutamine dipeptide manufacture method of environmentally safe in the production process.
Embodiment:
Example (1): get 250g L-ethyl lactate,, drip the 287.5g sulfur oxychloride then adding 2g catalyzer pyridine (or picoline, piperidines, triethylamine, DMF) below 0 ℃, temperature control is below 10 ℃, drip off and stirring below 5 ℃ 1 hour, be warming up to 65 ℃ then, refluxed again 3 hours, stopped reaction, reaction solution is cooled to 35 ℃, and HCl, SO2 are taken out in decompression, SOCl2, treat that gas exhausts substantially after; Add 50g10%NaCl (or KCl) aqueous solution, stirred 10 minutes, tell water, triplicate; Use NaHCO
3(or NaOH, KOH, KHCO
3, K
2CO
3, Na
2CO
3) transfer PH to neutral, use the siccative drying.Get 2-ethyl propionate 273g, yield is 95%.
Example (2): get 104g L-methyl lactate, adding 1g catalyzer pyridine (or picoline, piperidines, triethylamine, DMF) below 0 ℃, drip the 140g sulfur oxychloride then, temperature control drips off and was stirring below 7 ℃ 1 hour below 10 ℃, be warming up to 65 ℃ then, refluxed 3 hours, stopped reaction is cooled to 35 ℃ with reaction solution again, the decompression take out HCl, SO2, SOCl2, treat that gas exhausts substantially after; Add 25g10%NaCl (or KCl) aqueous solution, stirred 10 minutes, tell water, triplicate; Use NaHCO
3(or NaOH, KOH, KHCO
3, K
2CO
3, Na
2CO
3) transfer PH to neutral, use the siccative drying.Get 2-methyl propionate 111g, yield is 90%.
Example (3): get the 136.5g2-chloropropionate, stir under 0 ℃ of condition, drip 480ml2.5NaOH (or KOH) aqueous solution, temperature control drips off and was stirring below 10 ℃ 8 hours below 10 ℃; Add 400ml vinyl acetic monomer (or toluene, ethylene dichloride, methylene dichloride, sherwood oil, hexanaphthene, L-ethyl lactate, L-methyl lactate) again, stir evenly; With dense HCl (or HNO
3, H
2SO
4, H
3PO
4) to be acidified to PH be 1.5; Layering uses 100ml vinyl acetic monomer (or toluene, ethylene dichloride, methylene dichloride, sherwood oil, hexanaphthene, L-ethyl lactate, L-methyl lactate) to extract once again; Merge the vinyl acetic monomer phase twice.Decompression (0.07~-0.09MPa) branch removes 110 ℃ of cuts in the past, collects the residue cut and gets 2-chloropropionic acid 98g, and yield is 90%.
Example (4): get the 122.5g2-methyl chloropropionate, stir under 3 ℃ of conditions, drip 480ml2.5NaOH (or KOH) aqueous solution, temperature control drips off and was stirring below 10 ℃ 10 hours below 10 ℃; Add 400ml vinyl acetic monomer (or toluene, ethylene dichloride, methylene dichloride, sherwood oil, hexanaphthene, L-ethyl lactate, L-methyl lactate) again, stir evenly; With dense HCl (or HNO
3, H
2SO
4, H
3PO
4) to be acidified to PH be 1; Layering uses 100ml vinyl acetic monomer (or toluene, ethylene dichloride, methylene dichloride, sherwood oil, hexanaphthene, L-ethyl lactate, L-methyl lactate) to extract once again; Merge the vinyl acetic monomer phase twice.(cuts before 0.09MPa) branch goes 110 ℃ are collected the residue cut in decompression.Get 94g, yield is 86%.
Example (5): get the 136.5g2-chloropropionate, stir under 0 ℃ of condition, drip the 480ml2.5NaOH aqueous solution, temperature control drips off and was stirring below 10 ℃ 8 hours below 10 ℃; Add 400ml toluene again, stir evenly; Being acidified to PH with dense HCl is 1.5; Layering is used the 100ml methylbenzene extraction once again; Merge the toluene phase twice.Decompression (0.91MPa) divides the fraction collection before going 110 ℃ to remain cut.Get 2-chloropropionic acid 93g, yield is 85%.
Example (6): get the 136.5g2-chloropropionate, stir under 0 ℃ of condition, drip the 480ml2.5KOH aqueous solution, temperature control drips off and was stirring below 10 ℃ 8 hours below 10 ℃; Add the 400ml sherwood oil again, stir evenly; Use dense HNO
3Being acidified to PH is 1.5; Layering is used the 100ml Petroleum ether extraction once again; Merge the sherwood oil phase twice.(cuts before 0.90MPa) branch goes 110 ℃ are collected the residue cut in decompression.Get 2-chloropropionic acid 88g, yield is 80%.
Example (7): get the 136.5g2-chloropropionate, stir under 0 ℃ of condition, drip the 480ml2.5KOH aqueous solution, temperature control drips off and was stirring below 10 ℃ 10 hours below 10 ℃; Add the 400ml hexanaphthene again, stir evenly; Being acidified to PH with the H2SO4 of 5N is 1.3; Layering is used the 100ml cyclohexane extract once again; Merge the hexanaphthene phase twice.(cuts before 0.90MPa) branch goes 110 ℃ are collected the residue cut in decompression.Get 2-chloropropionic acid 89g, yield is 80%.
Example (8): get the 136.5g2-chloropropionate, stir under 0 ℃ of condition, drip the 480ml2.5KOH aqueous solution, temperature control drips off and was stirring below 10 ℃ 8 hours below 10 ℃; Add the 400ml methylene dichloride again, stir evenly; Being acidified to PH with the H3PO4 of 4N is 1.0; Layering is used the 100ml dichloromethane extraction once again; Merge the methylene dichloride phase twice.(cuts before 0.90MPa) branch goes 110 ℃ are collected the residue cut in decompression.Get 2-chloropropionic acid 80g, yield is 75%
Example (9): get the 136.5g2-chloropropionate, stir under 0 ℃ of condition, drip the 480ml2.5KOH aqueous solution, temperature control drips off and was stirring below 10 ℃ 8 hours below 10 ℃; Add the 400ml2-chloropropionate again, stir evenly; Being acidified to PH with dense HNO3 is 1.5; Layering is extracted once with the 100ml2-chloropropionate again; Merge 2-chloropropionate phase twice.(cuts before 0.90MPa) branch goes 115 ℃ are fast collected the residue cut in decompression.Get 2-chloropropionic acid 98g, yield is 90%.
Example (10): get the 136.5g2-methyl chloropropionate, stir under 0 ℃ of condition, drip the 480ml2.5KOH aqueous solution, temperature control drips off and was stirring below 10 ℃ 8 hours below 10 ℃; Add the 400ml2-methyl chloropropionate again, stir evenly; Being acidified to PH with dense HNO3 is 1.5; Layering is extracted once with the 100ml2-methyl chloropropionate again; Merge 2-methyl chloropropionate phase twice.(cuts before 0.90MPa) branch goes 110 ℃ are collected the residue cut in decompression.Get 2-chloropropionic acid 95g, yield is 85%.
Example (11): get 108.5g 2-chloropropionic acid, at 0 ℃ of following dripping thionyl chloride 1.5mol, temperature control drips off and is stirring half an hour below 10 ℃ below 10 ℃, is warming up to 80 ℃ then, refluxes stopped reaction again 2 hours.Begin fractionation then, collect 100~120 ℃ cut, get product 2-chlorpromazine chloride 90g, yield is 70%.
Example (12): get 108.5g 2-chloropropionic acid, dripping PCl below 0 ℃
30.5mol temperature control drips off and stirring half an hour below 10 ℃ below 10 ℃, is warming up to 70 ℃ then, refluxes 2 hours again, stopped reaction boils off PCl
3, tell reaction solution.Begin fractionation then, collect 100~120 ℃ cut, get product 2-chlorpromazine chloride 85g, yield is 65%.
Example (13): get 150ml water, add the 50g L-glutaminate, stir; At 0 ℃ of aqueous solution that adds 164g5N NaOH, temperature control is below 10 ℃, treat that L-glutaminate dissolves fully after; Add 150ml toluene again; Dropwise 5 2g2-chlorpromazine chloride/100ml toluene mixture liquid then, temperature control are below 10 ℃, and the PH control drips off control 9 more than 10 in the dropping process; Reacted again one hour; Static, tell water; Adding NaCl at aqueous phase makes solution saturated; Add HCl and transfer PH to 2.5, stirred one hour, transferring to PH again is 1; Normal temperature was placed one hour, drained.Remove moisture, salinity, get N-(2-chlorine)-propionyl-glutamine, yield about 75%.
Example (14): get 150ml water, add the 50gL-glutamine, stir; At 0 ℃ of aqueous solution that adds 164g5N NaOH, temperature control is below 10 ℃, treat that L-glutaminate dissolves fully after; Add the 150ml ethyl acetate again; Dropwise 5 2g2-chlorpromazine chloride/100ml ethyl acetate mixed solution then, temperature control are below 10 ℃, and the PH control drips off control 9 more than 10 in the dropping process; Reacted again one hour; Static, tell water; Adding NaCl at aqueous phase makes solution saturated; Add HCl and transfer PH to 2.5, stirred one hour, transferring to PH again is 1; Normal temperature was placed one hour, drained.Get damp product N-(2-chlorine)-propionyl-glutamine 110g, remove moisture, salinity, yield about 65%.
Example (15): get 150ml water, add the 50gL-glutamine, stir; At 0 ℃ of aqueous solution that adds 164g5N KOH, temperature control is below 10 ℃, treat that L-glutaminate dissolves fully after; Add the 150ml ethylene dichloride again; Dropwise 5 2g2-chlorpromazine chloride/100ml ethylene dichloride mixed solution then, temperature control are below 10 ℃, and the PH control drips off control 10 more than 10 in the dropping process; Reacted again one hour; Static, tell water; Adding KCl at aqueous phase makes solution saturated; Add HCl and transfer PH to 2.5, stirred one hour, transferring to PH again is 1; Normal temperature was placed one hour, drained.Get N-(2-chlorine)-propionyl-glutamine tide product 115g, remove moisture, salinity, yield about 70%.
Example (16): get 150ml water, add the 50g L-glutaminate, stir; At 0 ℃ of aqueous solution that adds 164g5N NaOH, temperature control is below 10 ℃, treat that L-glutaminate dissolves fully after; Add the 150ml sherwood oil again; Dropwise 5 2g2-chlorpromazine chloride/100ml sherwood oil mixed solution then, temperature control are below 10 ℃, and the PH control drips off control 9.5 more than 10 in the dropping process; Reacted again one hour; Static, tell water; Adding NaCl at aqueous phase makes solution saturated; Add HNO3 and transfer PH to 2.5, stirred one hour, transferring to PH again is 1; Normal temperature was placed one hour, drained.Get damp product N-(2-chlorine)-propionyl-glutamine 112g, remove moisture, salinity, yield about 68%.
Example (17): get 150ml water, add the 50g L-glutaminate, stir; At 0 ℃ of aqueous solution that adds 164g5N NaOH, temperature control is below 10 ℃, treat that L-glutaminate dissolves fully after; Add the 150ml methylene dichloride again; Dropwise 5 2g2-chlorpromazine chloride/100ml methylene dichloride mixed solution then, temperature control are below 10 ℃, and the PH control drips off control 10.5 more than 10 in the dropping process; Reacted again one hour; Static, tell water; Adding NaCl at aqueous phase makes solution saturated; Add H2SO4 and transfer PH to 2.5, stirred one hour, transferring to PH again is 1; Normal temperature was placed one hour, drained.Get damp product N-(2-chlorine)-propionyl-glutamine 105g, remove moisture, salinity, yield about 65%.
Example (18): get 150ml water, add the 50g L-glutaminate, stir; At 0 ℃ of aqueous solution that adds 164g5N NaOH, temperature control is below 10 ℃, treat that L-glutaminate dissolves fully after; Add the 150ml hexanaphthene again; Dropwise 5 2g2-chlorpromazine chloride/100ml hexanaphthene mixed solution then, temperature control are below 10 ℃, and the PH control drips off control 9 more than 10 in the dropping process; Reacted again one hour; Static, tell water; Adding NaCl at aqueous phase makes solution saturated; Add HCl and transfer PH to 2.5, stirred one hour, transferring to PH again is 1; Normal temperature was placed one hour, drained.Get damp product N-(2-chlorine)-propionyl-glutamine 120g, remove moisture, salinity, yield about 72%.
Example (19): get 150ml water, add the 50g L-glutaminate, stir; At 0 ℃ of aqueous solution that adds 83g5NNaOH, temperature control is below 10 ℃, treat that L-glutaminate dissolves fully after; Add 150ml toluene again; Dropwise 5 2g2-chlorpromazine chloride/100ml toluene mixture liquid then, the aqueous solution of Dropwise 5 NNaOH simultaneously, temperature control is below 10 ℃, and the PH control drips off control 9 more than 9~10 in the dropping process; Reacted again one hour; Static, tell water; Adding NaCl at aqueous phase makes solution saturated; Add HCl and transfer PH to 2.5, stirred one hour, transferring to PH again is 1; Normal temperature was placed one hour, drained.Get damp product N-(2-chlorine)-propionyl-glutamine 123g, remove moisture, salinity, yield about 74%.
Example (20): get 1mol N-(2-chlorine)-propionyl-glutamine, join in 30% ammoniacal liquor of 2000ml, after stirring and dissolving is complete, sealing, (pressure is 2~2.5MPa) reactions 10 hours to be warming up to 60 ℃.Reaction finishes, and the ammonia that has reacted is separated liquid be cooled to normal pressure, and depressurization is warming up to 70 ℃, and ammoniacal liquor is removed in decompression; Be condensed into 600ml, add gac, stirred 30 minutes, reduce to normal temperature, filter; In filtrate, slowly be added dropwise to the methyl alcohol of 1500g, to be crystallized fully after; Suction filtration with methanol rinse several times, is drained.Get proglu-dipeptide crude product 200g, remove moisture, yield is 75%.
Example (21): get 1mol N-(2-chlorine)-propionyl-glutamine, join in 26% ammoniacal liquor of 2000ml, after stirring and dissolving is complete, sealing, (pressure is 2~2.5MPa) reactions 10 hours to be warming up to 60 ℃.Reaction finishes, and the ammonia that has reacted is separated liquid be cooled to normal pressure, and depressurization is warming up to 70 ℃, and ammoniacal liquor is removed in decompression; Be condensed into 600ml, add gac, stirred 30 minutes, reduce to normal temperature, filter; In filtrate, slowly be added dropwise to the ethanol of 1500g, to be crystallized fully after; Suction filtration with the ethanol rinsing several times, is drained.Get proglu-dipeptide crude product 194g, remove moisture, yield is 73%.
Example (22): get 1mol N-(2-chlorine)-propionyl-glutamine, join in 28% ammoniacal liquor of 2000ml, after stirring and dissolving is complete, sealing, (pressure is 2~2.5MPa) reactions 10 hours to be warming up to 60 ℃.Reaction finishes, and the ammonia that has reacted is separated liquid be cooled to normal pressure, and depressurization is warming up to 70 ℃, and ammoniacal liquor is removed in decompression; Be condensed into 600ml, add gac, stirred 30 minutes, reduce to normal temperature, filter; In filtrate, slowly be added dropwise to the acetone of 1500g, to be crystallized fully after; Suction filtration with the acetone rinsing several times, is drained.Get proglu-dipeptide crude product 190g, remove moisture, yield is 70%.
Example (23): get 1mol N-(2-chlorine)-propionyl-glutamine, join in 30% ammoniacal liquor of 2000ml, after stirring and dissolving is complete, sealing, (pressure is 2~2.5MPa) reactions 10 hours to be warming up to 63 ℃.Reaction finishes, and the ammoniacal liquor that has reacted is cooled to normal pressure, and depressurization is warming up to 70 ℃, and ammoniacal liquor is removed in decompression; Be condensed into 600ml, add gac, stirred 30 minutes, reduce to normal temperature, filter; In filtrate, slowly be added dropwise to the Virahol of 1500g, to be crystallized fully after; Suction filtration with isopropyl alcohol several times, is drained.Get proglu-dipeptide crude product 190g, remove moisture, yield is 70%.
Example (24): get proglu-dipeptide crude product 25g, add 50 ℃ of following stirring and dissolving of 41.7g water, use filtering with microporous membrane,, stirred below 30 ℃ 2 hours, drip 91.7g methyl alcohol in filtrate, slowly dripping 27.5g methyl alcohol below 30 ℃, to be crystallized complete after; Suction filtration; 40 ℃ of decompressions of filter cake (0.09MPa) dry ten hours, be qualified product.Yield is 95%.
Example (25): get proglu-dipeptide crude product 25g, add 50 ℃ of following stirring and dissolving of 41.7g water, use filtering with microporous membrane,, stirred below 30 ℃ 2 hours, drip 91.7g ethanol in filtrate, slowly dripping 27.5g ethanol below 30 ℃, to be crystallized complete after; Suction filtration; 45 ℃ of decompressions of filter cake (0.09MPa) dry ten hours, be qualified product.Yield is 93%.
Example (26): get proglu-dipeptide crude product 25g, add 50 ℃ of following stirring and dissolving of 41.7g water, add gac, stirred 30 minutes, and refiltered, in filtrate, slowly dripping 27.5g acetone below 30 ℃, stirred below 30 ℃ 2 hours, and dripped 91.7g acetone, to be crystallized fully after; Suction filtration; 30 ℃ of decompressions of filter cake baking oven (0.09MPa) dry 4 hours, be qualified product.Yield is 90%.
Example (27): get proglu-dipeptide crude product 25g, add 50 ℃ of following stirring and dissolving of 41.7g water, add gac, stirred 30 minutes, and refiltered, in filtrate, slowly dripping the 30g Virahol below 30 ℃, stirred below 30 ℃ 2 hours, and dripped the 91.7g Virahol, to be crystallized fully after; Suction filtration; Filter cake soaked 30 minutes with Virahol, drained triplicate; Filter cake is dried.50 ℃ of decompressions of filter cake (0.09MPa) dry ten hours, be qualified product.Yield is 85%.