CN1783509B - Organic electroluminescent device having a polarizer - Google Patents
Organic electroluminescent device having a polarizer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1783509B CN1783509B CN2005101270916A CN200510127091A CN1783509B CN 1783509 B CN1783509 B CN 1783509B CN 2005101270916 A CN2005101270916 A CN 2005101270916A CN 200510127091 A CN200510127091 A CN 200510127091A CN 1783509 B CN1783509 B CN 1783509B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- electroluminescent device
- organic electroluminescent
- electrode layer
- light
- substrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003738 black carbon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241001025261 Neoraja caerulea Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/86—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent device having a circular polarizer. The organic electroluminescent device according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a substrate (10), an anode electrode layer (40), an organic layer (100), a cathode electrode layer (120), an insulation film (60) and a circular polarizer (200). The insulation film is formed on the anode electrode layer and contains a black substance. The circular polarizer is adhered to the surface of the substrate opposite to the upper side of the substrate on which the anode electrode layer is formed and polarizes a light incident from outside, wherein the polarizer contains a dye-based substance or a mixed substance of dye-based substance and iodine-based substance. Therefore, the organic electroluminescent device may improve contrast and decrease power consumption.
Description
The present invention requires the korean patent application No.2004-99065 that submits on November 30th, 2004,2004-99067, and the priority of 2004-99070 and 2004-99071 comprises it fully and is incorporated herein by reference at this.
Technical field
The present invention relates to organic electroluminescent device.Specifically, the present invention relates to have the organic electroluminescent device of circular polarisers capable of reducing power consumption.
Background technology
Organic electroluminescent device has the light of predetermined wavelength in emission when voltage is determined in its application.
Fig. 1 is the sectional view that existing organic electroluminescent device has been described.
In Fig. 1, organic electroluminescent device 100 comprises substrate 10, anode electrode layer 40, dielectric film 60, wall 80, organic layer 100, negative electrode layer 120, unit cap (cell cap) 140 and circular polarisers 160.
Positive voltage and negative voltage are being added to respectively in the situation of anode electrode layer 40 and negative electrode layer 120, are having the light of definite wavelength from organic layer 100 emissions.Be transmitted into the outside by circular polarisers 160 from the light of organic layer 100 emissions.
In this case, because circular polarisers 160 comprises the material based on iodine, circular polarisers 160 is for the transmissivity of the light of launching from organic layer 100, and just, the perspective rate of organic electroluminescent device maintains about 45%.Therefore, circular polarisers 160 has the even transmissivity for the whole zone of redness, green and blue wavelength.
But in this case, the energy that is added to red and blue wavelength is higher than the energy that is added to green wavelength.In other words, the power consumption that is used for launching the pixel of red and blue ray should be higher than the power consumption of the pixel that is used for transmitting green light to keep same brightness in each pixel.
Therefore, need to reduce the power consumption of organic electroluminescent device.
Summary of the invention
Feature of the present invention provides a kind of organic electroluminescent device that can improve contrast and reduce the polarizer of power consumption that has.
Organic electroluminescent device comprises substrate, anode electrode layer, organic layer, negative electrode layer, dielectric film and circular polarisers according to an embodiment of the invention.Form dielectric film at anode electrode layer, and it comprises atrament.Circular polarisers is adhered to the substrate upside facing surfaces that substrate and its are gone up the formation anode electrode layer, and polarization is from the light of outside incident, wherein polarizer comprises the material based on dyestuff.
Organic electroluminescent device according to another embodiment of the present invention comprises substrate, anode electrode layer, organic layer, negative electrode layer, dielectric film and circular polarisers.Form dielectric film at anode electrode layer, and it comprises atrament.Circular polarisers is adhered to the substrate upside facing surfaces that substrate and its are gone up the formation anode electrode layer, and polarization is from the light of outside incident, wherein polarizer comprises based on the material of dyestuff with based on the compounding substances of the material of iodine.
As mentioned above, organic electroluminescent device of the present invention comprises based on the material of dyestuff or based on the material of dyestuff with based on the circular polarisers of the compounding substances of the material of iodine by use, can reduce power consumption.
In addition, organic electroluminescent device of the present invention can comprise that the dielectric film of atrament improves contrast by use.
Description of drawings
Following detailed description in conjunction with the drawings can be understood above-mentioned and further feature and advantage of the present invention more easily, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the sectional view that existing organic electroluminescent device has been described;
Fig. 2 has illustrated the sectional view of organic electroluminescent device according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the view of transmissivity that the organic electroluminescent device of Fig. 2 has been described;
Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B have illustrated by using according to an embodiment of the invention circular polarisers to block the view of catoptrical process.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in further detail.
Fig. 2 has illustrated the sectional view of organic electroluminescent device according to an embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 3 is the view of perspective rate that the organic electroluminescent device of Fig. 2 has been described.
In Fig. 2, organic electroluminescent device of the present invention comprises substrate 10, anode electrode layer 40, dielectric film 60, wall 80, organic layer 100, negative electrode layer 120, unit cap 140 and circular polarisers 200.
Can form negative electrode layer 120 with metal, and it is set on the organic layer 100 such as aluminium (Al).
Hereinafter, the emission process of organic electroluminescent device will be described in detail.
HIL injects from hole that anode electrode layer 40 provides glibly to HTL, and EIL injects the electronics that provides from negative electrode layer 120 glibly to ETL.
HTL will be transferred to EML from the HIL injected holes, and ETL will be transferred to EML from the EIL injected electrons.
The hole and the electronics of transmission are compound in EML, and therefore have the light of predetermined wavelength from the EML emission.
Be transmitted into the outside by substrate 10 and circular polarisers 200 from the light of EML emission.
Circular polarisers is at substrate 10 and form on it on upside facing surfaces of substrate 10 of anode electrode layer 40, in other words, forms on the downside of substrate 10.And circular polarisers 200 is to determine the light of transmissivity transmission from the EML emission.
Hereinafter, with the element of describing according to organic electroluminescent device of the present invention.
At first, with the organic electroluminescent device of describing according to first embodiment of the invention.
Comprise material according to the circular polarisers 200 of first embodiment of the invention, and existing polarizer 160 comprises the iodine material based on dyestuff.Usually, compare the iodine material, can not absorb redness and blue light well based on the material of dyestuff.In other words, comprise based on the circular polarisers 200 of the material of dyestuff and compare existing polarizer 160 transmits red and the blue light better that comprises the iodine material.
Therefore, even energy in will be than existing situation still less is added in the situation of pixel of the red and blue light of emission, the organic electroluminescent device of first embodiment can be with same brightness emission redness, blueness and green light.In other words, reduced the power consumption of the pixel of emission redness and blue light.
Can control the transmissivity of red and blue light by control based on the chemical combination of the material of dyestuff according to the organic electroluminescent device of first embodiment of the invention.Therefore, can control the power consumption of pixel.
With the organic electroluminescent device of describing according to second embodiment of the invention.
According to the circular polarisers 200 of first embodiment of the invention than existing circular polarisers 160 transmitted ray better.Therefore, even do not have in the situation of complete polarized reflection light in circular polarisers 200, the reverberation that is transmitted into the outside is more than existing reverberation.
In other words, comprise circular polarisers 200, reduce according to the contrast of the organic electroluminescent device of first embodiment of the invention based on the material of dyestuff by use.
Therefore, according to the organic electroluminescent device of second embodiment dielectric film 60 is formed atrament, to prevent to reduce contrast.
For example, atrament uses black carbon, etc.
Because dielectric film 60 has black, sidelight and from the reverberation of negative electrode layer 120 reflection is radiated at situation on the dielectric film 60 absorbs those light outside.As a result, the catoptrical amount that is transmitted into the outside after being reflected to negative electrode layer 120 reduces, and has improved the contrast of above-mentioned organic electroluminescent device.
Organic electroluminescent device according to second embodiment can reduce power consumption, keeps or improve contrast simultaneously.
With the organic electroluminescent device of describing according to third embodiment of the invention.
Comprise based on the material of dyestuff with based on the compounding substances of the material of iodine according to the circular polarisers 200 of the 3rd embodiment, and existing polarizer 160 comprises the iodine material.Generally speaking, compare the iodine material based on the material of dyestuff and can not absorb redness and blue light well.In other words, the circular polarisers 200 that comprises compounding substances is than the existing polarizer 160 that comprises the iodine material transmits red and blue light better.
Therefore, even in comparing the situation of pixel that existing situation will energy still less be added to the red and blue light of emission, the organic electroluminescent device of the 3rd embodiment can be with same brightness emission redness, blueness and green light.In other words, reduce the power consumption of the pixel of emission redness and blue light.
And, can be according to the organic electroluminescent device of the 3rd embodiment by the chemical combination control redness of control compounding substances and the transmissivity of blue light.Therefore, the power consumption of control pixel.
With the organic electroluminescent device of describing according to fourth embodiment of the invention.
According to the organic electroluminescent device of the 3rd embodiment than existing circular polarisers 160 Transflective light better.Therefore, do not have in the situation of complete polarized reflection light in circular polarisers 200, the reverberation that is transmitted into the outside is more than existing reverberation.
In other words, comprise the circular polarisers 200 of compounding substances, reduce according to the contrast of the organic electroluminescent device of the 3rd embodiment by use.
Therefore, according to the organic electroluminescent device of the 4th embodiment dielectric film 60 is formed atrament, to prevent to reduce contrast.
For example, black carbon etc. is as atrament.
Because dielectric film 60 has black, sidelight and from the reverberation of negative electrode layer 120 reflection is radiated at situation on the dielectric film 60 absorbs those light outside.As a result, the catoptrical amount that is transmitted into the outside after being reflected to negative electrode layer 120 reduces, and has improved the contrast of organic electroluminescent device.
Organic electroluminescent device according to the 4th embodiment can reduce power consumption, keeps or improve contrast simultaneously.
Hereinafter, will describe circular polarisers 200 in detail.
The central shaft of the central shaft of delayer 200b and linear polarization 200a becomes 45 degree.Therefore, the about λ of phase delay/4 (λ is a wavelength) of the outer sidelight by linear polarization 200a.
In Fig. 3, in organic electroluminescent device of the present invention, be greater than about 50% according to the transmissivity of the circular polarisers 200 of red and blue light, and according to the transmissivity of the circular polarisers 200 of green light between about 45% and 50%.The centre wavelength of blue light is about 460nm, green glow be 520nm, and that ruddiness is 620nm.
Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B have illustrated by using according to an embodiment of the invention circular polarisers to block the view of catoptrical process.
In Fig. 4 A, there is not the outer sidelight of polarization to incide linear polarization 200a.
Here, vertically form the axis of homology of linear polarization 200a.Afterwards, the linear polarizer 200a of the transmittance of vertical direction in the sidelight outside.
And the outer sidelight that passes linear polarization 200a incides delayer 200b.Afterwards, because the central shaft of the central shaft of delayer 200b and linear polarization 200a becomes 45 degree, the about λ of outside light delay/4, and change into the circular polarization state.
Afterwards, the outer sidelight that passes delayer 200b is reflected to negative electrode layer 120, and reverberation transmission delayer 200b once more.
As a result, the reverberation of circular polarization state is changed and is linear polarization state.Because no matter when the about λ of outside transmittance delayer 200b outside light delay/4 in other words, postpone λ/2 because of twice of its transmission, only once more again the reverberation of transmission delayer 200b perpendicular to the outer sidelight that does not have transmission delayer 200b fully.
And the reverberation of linear polarization state incides linear polarization 200a, and disappears afterwards.Because form the reverberation of linear polarization state, all reverberation of polarization linear polarization state perpendicular to the axis of homology of linear polarization 200a.
In Fig. 4 B, there is not the outer sidelight of polarization to incide linear polarization 200a.
Here, form the absorption axes of linear polarization 200a with vertical direction.Therefore, the light radiotransparency polarizer 200a of horizontal direction in the only outer sidelight.
And, the outside transmittance delayer 200b of radiotransparency polarizer 200a.As a result, outer sidelight enters the inboard of organic electroluminescent device with the circular polarization state propagation, shown in Fig. 4 B.
Afterwards, the outer sidelight of Chuan Boing passes through from negative electrode layer 120 reflection, transmission delayer 200b once more like this.
And the reverberation of transmission delayer 200b incides linear polarization 200a, and all light are polarized and disappear.
By transmission circular polarisers shown in Fig. 4 A and 4B 200 twice, outer sidelight disappears.Therefore, compare the organic electroluminescent device with circular polarisers 200, organic electroluminescent device of the present invention has high-contrast.
From the preferred embodiments of the present invention, notice that those of ordinary skills can make multiple modifications and changes by above-mentioned instruction.Therefore, should be appreciated that these modifications of making for specific embodiment of the present invention in the spirit of scope of the present invention are comprised by appended claim.
Claims (4)
- One kind wherein on substrate order form the organic electroluminescent device of anode electrode layer, organic layer and negative electrode layer, it comprises:Circular polarisers, it adheres to the substrate upside facing surfaces that substrate and its are gone up the formation anode electrode layer, and wherein this polarizer polarization is from the light of outside incident and comprise material based on dyestuff; WithThe dielectric film that forms on anode electrode layer, wherein this film comprises atrament.
- 2. organic electroluminescent device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, this circular polarisers comprises:Delayer, the substrate upside facing surfaces that it adheres to substrate and forms anode electrode layer on it is to postpone incident light; WithLinear polarization, it adheres to delayer and substrate upside facing surfaces, and comprises the material based on dyestuff.
- 3. organic electroluminescent device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, this circular polarisers is the light of transmission predetermined wavelength from the light that organic layer produces better alternatively.
- 4. organic electroluminescent device as claimed in claim 3, wherein, this circular polarisers is from the light that organic layer produces, with greater than about 50% transmissivity transmit red light and blue light, and with the transmissivity transmit green between about 45% and 50%.
Applications Claiming Priority (12)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR10-2004-0099070 | 2004-11-30 | ||
| KR1020040099070A KR20060060169A (en) | 2004-11-30 | 2004-11-30 | Organic electroluminescent device having a polarizer |
| KR1020040099067 | 2004-11-30 | ||
| KR1020040099067A KR20060060166A (en) | 2004-11-30 | 2004-11-30 | Organic electroluminescent device having a polarizer |
| KR10-2004-0099071 | 2004-11-30 | ||
| KR1020040099071A KR20060060170A (en) | 2004-11-30 | 2004-11-30 | Organic electroluminescent device having a polarizer |
| KR1020040099065A KR20060060164A (en) | 2004-11-30 | 2004-11-30 | Organic electroluminescent device having a polarizer |
| KR1020040099070 | 2004-11-30 | ||
| KR1020040099065 | 2004-11-30 | ||
| KR10-2004-0099065 | 2004-11-30 | ||
| KR1020040099071 | 2004-11-30 | ||
| KR10-2004-0099067 | 2004-11-30 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1783509A CN1783509A (en) | 2006-06-07 |
| CN1783509B true CN1783509B (en) | 2011-03-23 |
Family
ID=36773432
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2005101270916A Active CN1783509B (en) | 2004-11-30 | 2005-11-30 | Organic electroluminescent device having a polarizer |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR20060060164A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1783509B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100829756B1 (en) * | 2007-03-02 | 2008-05-16 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Polarizer and organic light emitting display apparatus comprising the same |
| CN105810843B (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2018-03-13 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | Luminescent device, backlight module and display device |
| CN108305891A (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-07-20 | 上海天马微电子有限公司 | Display panel, manufacturing method thereof and display device |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5926310A (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 1999-07-20 | Talex Optical Co., Ltd. | Polarizing film and polarizing composites |
| CN1368656A (en) * | 2001-01-15 | 2002-09-11 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Light-emission device and light-emission display |
| CN1412581A (en) * | 2001-10-16 | 2003-04-23 | 日东电工株式会社 | Method for mfg. polaroid and liquid crystal display device |
-
2004
- 2004-11-30 KR KR1020040099065A patent/KR20060060164A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2005
- 2005-11-30 CN CN2005101270916A patent/CN1783509B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5926310A (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 1999-07-20 | Talex Optical Co., Ltd. | Polarizing film and polarizing composites |
| CN1368656A (en) * | 2001-01-15 | 2002-09-11 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Light-emission device and light-emission display |
| CN1412581A (en) * | 2001-10-16 | 2003-04-23 | 日东电工株式会社 | Method for mfg. polaroid and liquid crystal display device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20060060164A (en) | 2006-06-05 |
| CN1783509A (en) | 2006-06-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN1627876B (en) | Light-emission device | |
| US7732809B2 (en) | Light emitting display providing with compensated cholesteric reflective polarizer for improved contrast even in high ambient light or large viewing angle | |
| US9690025B2 (en) | Polarizer and display device | |
| CN100533809C (en) | Organic light-emitting display device | |
| CN100505369C (en) | Display device | |
| WO2017049678A1 (en) | Polarizer | |
| US20040164292A1 (en) | Transflective display having an OLED backlight | |
| US20040070809A1 (en) | Self light emitting display device | |
| EP3200233A1 (en) | Light-emitting diode display panel and manufacturing method therefor | |
| CN1783509B (en) | Organic electroluminescent device having a polarizer | |
| KR100601381B1 (en) | Flat panel display apparatus and fabricating method of the same | |
| CN102842271A (en) | Organic light emitting display device | |
| US20060001362A1 (en) | Top emission type organic electro luminescence device and fabrication method thereof | |
| CN105717688A (en) | Cassette aligning substrate, reflection type display panel, display device and driving method of display device | |
| EP1662589A2 (en) | Organic electroluminescent device having a polarizer | |
| CN105093617A (en) | Liquid crystal display panel and manufacturing method thereof | |
| US20150131032A1 (en) | Compensation film and optical film and display device | |
| KR20100025227A (en) | Organic light emitting diode display | |
| WO2005101107A1 (en) | Liquid crystal panel, manufacturing method thereof, and electronic device using the liquid crystal panel | |
| US8810114B2 (en) | Optical unit and organic light emitting diode display having the same | |
| KR100713639B1 (en) | Reflective Liquid Crystal Display and Method of Fabricating the Same | |
| KR100759669B1 (en) | Dyes polarization film and organic light emitting display device having the same | |
| CN100414379C (en) | Light recycling in a transflective LCD | |
| JP2005292597A (en) | Display device | |
| Mandle | OLED; What is it and How Does it Work? |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: LG DISPLAY CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: LG ELECTRONIC CO., LTD. Effective date: 20080627 |
|
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20080627 Address after: Seoul, South Kerean Applicant after: LG Display Co., Ltd. Address before: Seoul, South Kerean Applicant before: LG Electronics Inc. |
|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |