CN1782910A - Image forming apparatus and process cartridge - Google Patents

Image forming apparatus and process cartridge Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1782910A
CN1782910A CN 200510127064 CN200510127064A CN1782910A CN 1782910 A CN1782910 A CN 1782910A CN 200510127064 CN200510127064 CN 200510127064 CN 200510127064 A CN200510127064 A CN 200510127064A CN 1782910 A CN1782910 A CN 1782910A
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China
Prior art keywords
toner
image processing
processing system
image
voltage
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CN 200510127064
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
内谷武志
雨宫贤
小池寿男
小野博司
藤城宇贡
大慈弥笃哉
荒井裕司
川隅正则
米田拓司
水石治司
横野政治
冨田正实
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Publication of CN1782910A publication Critical patent/CN1782910A/en
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Abstract

The invention relates to an image formation device used for the electrophotography processing and adopted by a duplicator, a facsimile, a printer, etc., as well as a processing card box thereof. The image formation device is provided with an image carrier 1, a charging device, a current detection device 313, an exposure device, a developing device, a transfer device and a cleaning device, wherein, the charging device enables the surfaces of the image carrier to be uniformly charged by applying the AC bias voltage on the DC bias voltage to serve as a charging bias voltage, the current detection device 313 detects the AC current flowing through the image carrier when the charging bias voltage is applied, the developing device supplies toner to latent images formed on the image carrier so as to enable the latent images to become visual images, the transfer device transfers the visual images on the surfaces of the image carrier onto a transfer medium, the cleaning device cleans the surfaces of the image carrier after the transfer, and the current detection device detects the AC current at the grounding side of the image carrier. Without being influenced by the environment or stray capacitance caused by the cable distribution, the image formation device can correctly detect the AC current of the charging device to enable all surfaces of the image carrier to be charged uniformly, and the skin formation cannot happen even if undergoing a long period.

Description

Image processing system and cartridge processing
Technical field
The present invention relates to duplicating machine, facsimile recorder, image processing system and cartridge processing that printer etc. use electrofax to handle.More particularly, relate in particular to the image processing system and the cartridge processing that are provided with charging device, described charging device with AC bias superimposed on Dc bias as the charging bias voltage, charge.
Background technology
In the image processing system of electrofax mode, give electric charge to carrying out charging process by discharge as photosensitive surface as the mounting body, again charged photosensitive surface is exposed, form electrostatic latent image, supply with the toner that has with charged polarity identical polar by developing apparatus to this electrostatic latent image, form the toner picture.After this, this toner that is formed on the photoreceptor is for example noted down on the paper at recording medium as transfer printing, made its photographic fixing on record paper by heat and pressure.
The residual toner that whether is transferred on the photosensitive surface behind the transfer printing toner picture, before the charging operation that enters after this, by cleaning balde, cleaning members such as cleaning brush cleaning photosensitive surface.
As the method that makes that photosensitive surface is charged, in recent years, form the roller shape with electroconductive component, constitute charging roller, make this charging roller near to or in contact with photosensitive surface, under this state, voltage is applied between charging roller and the photoreceptor, make photosensitive surface charged, this charging device has the advantage of low-ozone and low electric power, obtains practicability.
In order to carry out the charging process of photosensitive surface more equably, employing will exchange the superimposed mode that applies the charging bias voltage on direct current (DC) voltage of (AC) voltage.Image processing system is in this way compared with the charging modes that only applies DC,, need be flow through the AC electric current of volume in order to obtain desirable charged current potential.
Have again, between experience is long-term after, as one of image deterioration, can enumerate because charging roller dirty dirty, cause charged current potential lowly or inhomogeneity, cause image blurring or vertical black streaking etc.Dirty dirty about this charging roller compared with the charging modes that only applies DC, and the charging modes that AC voltage is superimposed is better, considers long-standing picture steadiness, has to select the charging modes that AC voltage is superimposed.
For example, open in the 2002-108059 communique (following brief note is " patent documentation 1 ") the spy, following technology is disclosed: with picture mounting surface subtend, separate the gap configuration charging unit that sets, this charging unit is applied voltage, between charging unit and picture mounting surface from supply unit, discharge, make this charged, constitute charging device, apply the superimposed voltage of voltage-controlled surely DC voltage and fixed voltage-controlled alternating voltage to charging unit as the mounting surface.
Open in the 2001-109238 communique (following brief note is " patent documentation 2 ") the spy, disclose following technology: Vpp (voltage between peak value) is made as more than 2 times of discharge ionization voltage.But, if flow through necessary above AC electric current, conjunctiva etc. easily takes place on the photoreceptor, the photoreceptor life-span is obviously low.Therefore, need correct the detection and control AC electric current.
Open in the 2003-302813 communique (following brief note is " patent documentation 3 ") the spy, following technology is disclosed: be provided with the detection means that two or more being used to detects AC signal output and charging alternating current at least, combination by cartridge processing and image forming device body, can provide can not charge bad, the image processing system that discharge capacity is little.
But along with adopting the AC charging modes, the most difficult spinoff is, photoreceptor is applied AC cause the photoreceptor conjunctiva.
Means as being used to remove this photoreceptor film proposed cleaning device, and it is provided with the clearer that cleaning balde and surface attachment have lapping compound, perhaps were provided with to be used to the cleaning balde removing the cleaning balde of toner and be used to remove the photoreceptor film.But the lapping compound of clearer surface attachment easily peels off, poor durability.In addition, the scheme that two cleaning baldes are set takes up space greatly, is difficult to realize such scheme.
Partition distance occasion between the power supply unit of charging device and the charging roller because of stray capacitance produces electric current, can not correctly detect because of the electric current of stray capacitance inflow and original AC electric current in the feed cable.This stray capacitance is difficult to infer the inflow current that produces because of stray capacitance because environment or distribution cable etc. change, and existence can not detection by quantitative AC electric current prevents the problem of conjunctiva.
Summary of the invention
The present invention puts forward for solving the existing problem of above-mentioned prior art, first purpose of the present invention is, image processing system and cartridge processing are provided, be not subjected to the influence of the stray capacitance that environment or cable wiring cause, can correctly detect the AC electric current of charging device, make that the photoreceptor homogeneous is charged, even experience for a long time conjunctiva does not take place yet.
Second purpose of the present invention is, image processing system and cartridge processing are provided, and is minimum with the AC Current Control of photoreceptor conjunctiva reason, even experience conjunctiva does not take place yet between long-term.
To achieve these goals, the present invention proposes following scheme:
(1) a kind of image processing system is provided with:
Picture mounting body is used for the mounting sub-image;
Charging device, the stack AC bias makes that as the charging bias voltage described picture mounting surface homogeneous is charged on Dc bias;
AC current detection device detects the alternating current that flows through picture mounting body when applying the charging bias voltage;
Exposure device to charged exposing as the mounting surface, writes sub-image according to view data;
Developing apparatus is supplied with the sub-image that is formed on the picture mounting surface with toner, but is made sub-image become video;
Transfer device, but with the video transfer printing of described picture mounting surface on offset medium;
Cleaning device, the picture mounting surface after the cleaning transfer printing;
Wherein, described AC current detection device detects alternating current in the ground connection side of picture mounting body.
(2) in above-mentioned (1) described image processing system, it is characterized in that:
Further comprise controller, when applying by fixed voltage-controlled mutually different crest voltage, detect the minimum value of the roughly certain alternating current of described picture mounting surface current potential, the crest voltage of expression minimum value is set at controlling value described charging device.
(3) in above-mentioned (1) or (2) described image processing system, it is characterized in that, detect the minimum value of alternating current described in each cycle, from little side, be made as Imin1, Imin2, Imin3, Imin4, Imin5 ..., when the surface potential that can not obtain necessity, when the dirty dirty electric current of generation background is made as Ith, more than Ith, the crest voltage that minimum IminX represents is set at controlling value.
(4) in above-mentioned (2) or (3) described image processing system, it is characterized in that, detect near the absolute humidity of described charging device, when near the absolute humidity the charging device changes, carry out the action of AC Control of Voltage.
(5) in above-mentioned (4) described image processing system, it is characterized in that, detect the time that does not have imaging, when not having imaging more than the certain hour, carry out the action of AC Control of Voltage.
(6) in above-mentioned (4) described image processing system, it is characterized in that, make that according to the operation number described control is variable.
(7) in above-mentioned (1)-(6), in any described image processing system, it is characterized in that, be provided with lubricant coating device, with lubricant applying to described picture mounting surface.
In above-mentioned (7) described image processing system, it is characterized in that (8) described lubricant coating device is provided with brush shape roller, this brush shape roller swiping lubricant formed body is scraped and is got lubricant applying to described picture mounting body.
(9) in above-mentioned (7) described image processing system, it is characterized in that, described lubricant is sneaked in the employed toner.
In above-mentioned (8) or (9) described image processing system, it is characterized in that (10) described lubricant is fatty acid metal salts or fluorine particle.
(11) in above-mentioned (1)-(10) in any described image processing system, it is characterized in that, the volume average particle size (Dv) of the toner that described developing apparatus uses is in the 3.0-8.0 mu m range, and the ratio Dv/Dn of volume average particle size (Dv) and number average particle diameter (Dn) is in 1.00～1.40 scopes.
In any described image processing system, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned (1)-(11) that (12) the shape coefficient SF-1 of the toner that described developing apparatus uses is in 100～180 scopes, shape coefficient SF-2 is in 100～180 scopes.
(13) in above-mentioned (1)-(12) in any described image processing system, it is characterized in that, the toner that described developing apparatus uses is that the toner composition material that will comprise polyester prepolyer, vibrin, colorant and release agent at least is dispersed in the organic solvent, preparation toner material liquid, above-mentioned polyester prepolyer comprises the functional group of containing nitrogen-atoms, in water-medium, make above-mentioned toner material liquid that crosslinked and/or lengthening reaction takes place, make toner.
(14) in above-mentioned (1)-(13) in any described image processing system, it is characterized in that, the toner shape roughly spherical in shape that described developing apparatus uses, this shape major axis r1, minor axis r2, thickness r3 regulation, and r1 〉=r2 〉=r3, minor axis is in 0.5～1.0 scope with the ratio (r2/r1) of major axis, and thickness is in 0.7～1.0 scope with the ratio (r3/r2) of minor axis.
(15) a kind of toner, supply with the developing procedure that electrofax is handled, this toner is the toner that uses in any described image processing system in (1)-(10), its volume average particle size (Dv) is in the 3.0-8.0 mu m range, and the ratio Dv/Dn of volume average particle size (Dv) and number average particle diameter (Dn) is in 1.00～1.40 scopes.
In above-mentioned (15) described toner, it is characterized in that (16) described toner shape coefficient SF-1 is in 100～180 scopes, shape coefficient SF-2 is in 100～180 scopes.
(17) in above-mentioned (15) or (16) described toner, it is characterized in that, described toner is that the toner composition material that will comprise polyester prepolyer, vibrin, colorant and release agent at least is dispersed in the organic solvent, preparation toner material liquid, above-mentioned polyester prepolyer comprises the functional group of containing nitrogen-atoms, makes above-mentioned toner material liquid take place crosslinked in water-medium and/or lengthening reaction makes.
(18) in above-mentioned (15)-(17) in any described toner, described toner shape roughly spherical in shape, this shape major axis r1, minor axis r2, thickness r3 regulation, and r1 〉=r2 〉=r3, minor axis is in 0.5～1.0 scope with the ratio (r2/r1) of major axis, and thickness is in 0.7～1.0 scope with the ratio (r3/r2) of minor axis.
(19) a kind of cartridge processing comprises:
Picture mounting body is grounded, and is used for the mounting sub-image;
Charging device, the stack AC bias charges as the mounting body to described as the charging bias voltage on Dc bias;
Current sensing means detects the alternating current that flows through picture mounting body in the ground connection side as the mounting body;
Wherein, described picture mounting body, charging device and current sensing means become one, image forming device body loading and unloading relatively.
(20) a kind of image forming method may further comprise the steps:
The stack AC bias makes that as the charging bias voltage picture mounting surface is charged on Dc bias;
Ground connection side at picture mounting body detects alternating current;
To charged exposing, write sub-image according to view data as the mounting surface;
Toner is supplied with the sub-image that is formed on the picture mounting surface, but make sub-image become video.
In above-mentioned (20) described image forming method, it is characterized in that (21) further comprise and carry out AC Control of Voltage step, this AC Control of Voltage step comprises:
When applying by fixed voltage-controlled mutually different crest voltage, detect described as the roughly certain minimum alternating current that is not less than threshold current Ith of mounting surface current potential to described charging device;
To be set at controlling value with the corresponding crest voltage of this minimum alternating current.
22. in above-mentioned (20) described image forming method, it is characterized in that further comprise and carry out AC Control of Voltage step, this AC Control of Voltage step comprises:
Detect the minimum value of alternating current described in each cycle;
Can not obtain necessary surface potential, and the dirty dirty electric current of background take place be made as Ith, in detected each value, the above corresponding crest voltage of minimum value of Ith is set at controlling value.
According to image processing system of the present invention and cartridge processing, be not subjected to the influence of the stray capacitance that environment or cable wiring cause, can correctly detect the AC electric current of charging device, make that the photoreceptor homogeneous is charged, even experience conjunctiva does not take place yet between long-term.
According to image processing system of the present invention and cartridge processing, be minimum with the AC Current Control of photoreceptor conjunctiva reason, even experience conjunctiva does not take place yet between long-term.
Description of drawings
The summary pie graph of the image processing system that Fig. 1 relates to for the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 forms the summary pie graph of assembly for image.
The sectional view of the charging roller that Fig. 3 relates to for the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 represents the power-supply circuit and the AC current detecting means of charging device.
Fig. 5 represents that the AC electric current of charging roller changes.
Fig. 6 represents near the absolute humidity the charging roller and does not take place to concern between the AC electric current of abnormal image.
Fig. 7 is illustrated in the design sketch that adds lubricant in the toner.
Fig. 8 is the figure of pattern ground expression toner shape, and wherein, Fig. 8 A is used to illustrate shape coefficient SF-1, and Fig. 8 B is used to illustrate shape coefficient SF-2.
Fig. 9 is a toner outer shape skeleton diagram, and wherein, Fig. 9 A represents the toner outside drawing, and Fig. 9 B and Fig. 9 C represent the toner sectional view.
Embodiment
Below, illustrate in greater detail the embodiment of the invention with reference to accompanying drawing.
The summary pie graph of the image processing system 100 that Fig. 1 relates to for the embodiment of the invention at this, illustrates an embodiment who the present invention is applicable to the image processing system 100 of electrofax mode.
Image processing system 100 is from yellow (following brief note be " Y "), cyan (following brief note is " C "), and magenta (following brief note is " M "), black (following brief note is " K "), the formation coloured image is the tandem type image processing system.This image processing system 100 is provided with four photoreceptor 1Y, 1C, and 1M, 1K is as sub-image mounting body.Each photoreceptor 1Y, 1C, 1M, 1K contact with intermediate transfer belt 6a as surperficial moving-member respectively, are driven revolution by the diagram direction of arrow.
Fig. 2 is the summary pie graph that is provided with the image formation assembly 2 of photoreceptor 1.Form assembly 2Y at image, 2C, 2M, among the 2K, each photoreceptor 1Y, 1C, 1M, 1K constitute identical on every side, therefore, only illustrate an image and form assembly 2, are used for the symbol Y that look is distinguished, C, M, K omits.Around photoreceptor 1, make the developing apparatus 5 of the visual formation toner of sub-image picture along its surperficial moving direction arranged in order, be used for the lubricant coating device 21 of lubricant applying on photoreceptor 1, be used to remove the cleaning device 7 of the residual toner on the photoreceptor 1, make the charging device 3 that photoreceptor 1 is charged.
See figures.1.and.2 the formation of image processing system 100 of the present invention is described.
In developing apparatus 5, expose a part from the opening of developing apparatus housing as the developer roll 5a of developer mounting body.At this, use the two-component developing agent of forming by toner and carrier, but also can use the monocomponent toner that does not comprise carrier.Developing apparatus 5 obtains the supply of the toner of corresponding look from the toner jar, and it is accommodated in inside.
This developer roll 5a is by constituting as the magnetic roller of field generator for magnetic and around the development cover of this magnetic roller coaxial rotating.Carrier in the developer is transported to the zone (following brief note be " developing regional ") relative with photoreceptor 1 because the magnetic force that above-mentioned magnetic roller produces erects on developer roll 5a as fringe.At this, developer roll 5a moves towards the equidirectional surface of carrying out with the linear velocity faster than photoreceptor 1 linear resonance surface velocity at above-mentioned developing regional.And above-mentioned fringe stands in carrier swiping photoreceptor 1 surface on the developer roll 5a, will supply with photoreceptor 1 attached to the toner of carrier surface, develops.At this moment, the development bias voltage is applied on the developer roll 5a, forms the development electric field at developing regional from power supply (not diagram).
In transfer device 6, intermediate transfer belt 6a volume hangs over three backing roll 6b, and 6c on the 6d, moves by direction as shown.Each photoreceptor 1Y, 1C, 1M, the toner picture on the 1K pass through the mutual superimposed transfer printing of static printing mode on this intermediate transfer belt 6a.Above-mentioned static printing mode can realize by using the transfer printing charger, at this, adopt transfer printing dirt that few transfer roll 6e takes place.Specifically, with each photoreceptor 1Y, 1C, 1M, the back side of the intermediate transfer belt 6a part of 1K contact disposes primary transfer roller 6eY respectively, 6eC, 6eM, 6eK is as transfer device 6.At this, formed the primary transfer zone by the intermediate transfer belt 6a part of primary transfer roller 6e pushing and photoreceptor 1.And as each photoreceptor 1Y, on intermediate transfer belt 6a the time, 6e applies positive polarity bias to the primary transfer roller as transfer printing for 1C, 1M, the toner on the 1K.Like this, (following brief note is " transfer area ") forms transfer electric field in each primary transfer zone, each photoreceptor 1Y, and 1C, 1M, the toner picture on the 1K adheres to statically, is transferred on the intermediate transfer belt 6a.
Be provided with band cleaning device 6f at contiguous intermediate transfer belt 6a place, be used to remove the residual toner on intermediate transfer belt 6a surface, with hairbrush and cleaning balde recovery unwanted toner attached to intermediate transfer belt 6a surface.By conveyer (not having diagram) toner that reclaims is transported to useless toner jar (not diagram) from band cleaning device 6f.
In the part of setting up by backing roll 6d of intermediate transfer belt 6a, configuration secondary transfer roller 6g, it contacts with intermediate transfer belt 6a.Between this secondary transfer roller 6g and intermediate transfer belt 6a, form the secondary transfer printing zone, fix time, will send into this secondary transfer printing zone as the transfer paper of recording-member.
Above-mentioned transfer paper is accommodated in the paper feeding cassette 9 that is positioned at above-mentioned exposure device 4 downsides, and by pickup roller 10, a pair of registration roller 11 grades are sent to above-mentioned secondary transfer printing zone with transfer paper.In this secondary transfer printing zone, above-mentioned superimposed toner on intermediate transfer belt 6a as transfer printing on this transfer paper.When secondary transfer printing, positive polarity bias is applied on this secondary transfer roller 6g, form transfer electric field, with the toner on the intermediate transfer belt 6a as transfer printing on this transfer paper.
In the present embodiment, lubricant coating device 21 is brushed shape roller 21a mainly by lubricant formed body 21b, and pressing spring 21c constitutes.Above-mentioned lubricant formed body 21b is incorporated in the stationary housing, and above-mentioned brush shape roller 21a contacts with this lubricant formed body 21b, scrapes and gets lubricant, is coated on the photoreceptor 1, and above-mentioned pressing spring 21c pushes lubricant formed body 21b towards brush shape roller 21a direction.Above-mentioned lubricant formed body 21b forms rectangular parallelepiped, and brush shape roller 21a is along photoreceptor 1 axially extended shape.By the pressurization of pressing spring 21c, make above-mentioned lubricant formed body 21b almost can all use up.Lubricant formed body 21b is consumables, and along with machine run, its thickness reduces, because the pressurization of above-mentioned pressing spring 21c makes lubricant formed body 21b often join with brush shape roller 21a.
Above-mentioned lubricant coating device 21 also can be arranged in the cleaning device 7 with the cleaning balde 7a as cleaning means.Like this, when brush roll 21a swiping photoreceptor 1, the residual toner of the transfer printing on the photoreceptor 1 is attached on the brush roll 21a, when this attached to the toner on the brush roll 21a because of meet lubricant formed body 21b or because of vibration when being shaken off, be easy to be recovered.
As lubricant, can enumerate fatty acid metal salts, silicone oil, fluorine resin etc., these lubricants can be used alone or as a mixture.Wherein, fatty acid metal salts is especially suitable.Fatty acid as in the fatty acid metal salts is preferably, straight chain shape hydrocarbon, and myristic acid for example, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid etc. wherein, are more preferably stearic acid.As the metal in the fatty acid metal salts, can enumerate lithium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, zinc, cadmium, aluminium, cerium, titanium, iron etc.Wherein, be preferably, zinc stearate, dolomol, aluminium stearate, ferric stearate etc., especially zinc stearate is best.
Lubricant can be with zinc stearate, and calcium stearate etc. are made into powder, and itself or fluorine particle are coated with into solid shape formed body, forms the lubricant formed body.
Cleaning device 7 comprises cleaning balde 7a, support unit 7b, and toner reclaims spiral pipe 7c, scraper plate pressing spring 7d.Cleaning balde 7a is used to remove the toner that remains in after the transfer printing on the photoreceptor 1, and this cleaning balde 7a is bonded on the support unit 7b, is configured in the cleaning device 7.Above-mentioned support unit 7b is not particularly limited, can uses metal, plastics, pottery etc.As cleaning balde 7a, be preferably, use to have thermosetting urethane resin, from the antifriction consumption, ozone resistance, stain resistance angle see that polyurethane elastomer is especially good, above-mentioned elastic body comprises rubber.
Below, describe charging device 3 in detail.Charging device 3 is made of charging roller 3a and charging cleaning member 3b, described charging roller 3a is as charging unit, be configured in photoreceptor 1 subtend position, described charging cleaning member 3b is configured to join with charging roller 3a, and this joint is positioned at the opposition side of charging roller 3a and photoreceptor 1 subtend face.Between the surface of charging roller 3a and photoreceptor 1, can be configured to have minim gap near mode, or contact with each other mode.
The sectional view of the charging roller that Fig. 3 relates to for the embodiment of the invention.Charging roller 3a comprises cylindrical metal-cored 31 as the electric conductivity supporting mass, forms the electric resistance adjusting layer 32 of homogeneous thickness on metal-cored 31 outer peripheral faces, and coats electric resistance adjusting layer 32 surfaces and prevent the protective seam 33 that leaks electricity.
Charging roller 3a is connected with power supply, is applied in the voltage that sets.This voltage by applying AC voltage, can make that more homogeneous is charged on photoreceptor 1 surface for AC voltage being superimposed upon the voltage on the dc voltage.But, as mentioned above, if the AC electric current is excessive, on photoreceptor 1 surface conjunctiva can take place, need correct control AC current value.
Fig. 4 represents the power-supply circuit and the AC current detecting means of charging device.Power-supply circuit applies high voltage to one of described four photoreceptors.Therefore, in the tandem type image processing system of described formation, be provided with four power-supply circuits.This power-supply circuit is made of AC output circuit 311 and DC output circuit 312, gives birth to the pressure means by being provided with two voltages, can obtain stable charging bias voltage.Also can only establish voltage and give birth to the pressure means, but consider output stability, give birth to the pressure means for well to be provided with two voltages.
If the charging bias voltage that the AC bias voltage is superimposed upon on the DC bias voltage is applied on the charging roller 3a, the AC electric current is through charging roller, and photoreceptor flows into the AC current feedback circuit.More at this moment, AC current detecting means 313 only detect the AC electric current in the GND side as the mounting body, should detected AC electric current input control substrate 314, be in the current value range that sets.If be in outside the scope, control applies the AC bias voltage, and it is in the current value range that sets.Therefore, even partition distance between the power-supply circuit of charging roller 3a and charging device, the electric current that produces because of stray capacitance in the feed cable flows into photoreceptor 1 occasion from charging roller 3a, also can adjust, make the AC charging current that sets that applies the generation of AC bias voltage be in the current value range that sets.
In the present embodiment, apply the AC bias voltage, make the AC charging current value of 1.1kHz frequency between 650～750 μ A, change.As a result, at 650～690 μ A, conjunctiva not taking place, at 720～750 μ A, conjunctiva takes place.Like this, AC current detecting means are connected between the ground connection side and control substrate of photoreceptor 1, guarantee not take place the scope of the AC current value of conjunctiva quantitatively, even the electric current that produces because of stray capacitance in the cable flows into, can guarantee that also electric current in above-mentioned scope, is easy to prevent conjunctiva.
In the present embodiment, consider that AC current detecting means 313 are located on the same substrate with the power-supply circuit of charging device, but the present invention is not limited thereto, also AC current detecting means 313 can be contained on the control substrate 314 from the maintenance aspect.
Charging roller 3a is applied voltage-controlled surely crest voltage occasion, and because of the irregular impedance variation that causes of the circumferencial direction resistance of charging roller 3a, or the minim gap between charging roller 3a and photoreceptor 1 changes the impedance variation that causes, the variation of AC electric current.The AC electric current of this variation becomes the minimum value place and is equivalent between charging roller 3a and the photoreceptor 1 impedance greatly, by being suitable current with this AC current settings, it is roughly certain to make that the surface potential of this part becomes, and can not flow through superfluous AC electric current, abnormal image can not take place.
Control with above-mentioned minimum value, when detecting the AC current minimum, radiation noise etc. is sneaked into the AC current applications, has the possibility that is detected. as minimum value.In order to make that detected minimum value is not exceptional values such as noise, Yi Xia current value occasion need be removed this detected value to a certain degree.
If the AC electric current diminishes, surface potential descends, and background takes place dirty dirty, therefore, needs to set current value, so that dirty dirty being in the allowed band of background.In the present embodiment, the dirty dirty current value of the background that allows area occupation ratio 1% is made as Ith, specifically, is set at 300 μ A.Fig. 5 represents that the AC electric current of charging roller 3a changes.Therefore, charging roller 3a occasion, the variation of AC electric current generating period, the minimum value in each cycle is near real minimum value, minimum value (Imin1 to the alternating current in each cycle, Imin2, Imin3, Imin4, Imin5 ...) and Ith relatively, Imin value more than the Ith as setting value, can be suppressed to Min. with superfluous AC electric current, abnormal image can not take place.
Fig. 6 represents near the absolute humidity the charging roller and does not take place to concern between the AC electric current of abnormal image.Near the charging roller 3a absolute humidity and the minimum AC electric current that abnormal image do not take place have relation shown in Figure 6, and absolute humidity is low more, and the minimum AC electric current that abnormal image does not take place is big more.Therefore, near the absolute humidity the charging roller 3a changes relatively, makes controlling value change, and the minimum AC electric current that abnormal image can will not take place is made as controlling value.That is, the photoreceptor conjunctiva does not take place for a long time in energy.
Also can not distinguish environment, according to absolute humidity with do not take place between the minimum AC electric current of abnormal image relevantly, set controlling value.
Absolute humidity and atmosphere related occasion near the charging roller 3a also can be controlled by atmosphere.
Below, be envisioned for following occasion: when logical continuously paper finished, the change controlling value was promptly implemented the processing controls about charging, after this, did not lead to paper, i.e. not imaging between long-term.
Because energising continuously, the resistance variations of short-term takes place in charging roller 3a, and power supply device output changes, and compares controlling value generation deviation with laying state (steady state (SS)).Therefore, place occasion between logical continuously paper (3a applies voltage to charging roller) back is long-term, the minimum AC electric current that abnormal image does not take place changes sometimes.So, detect time of not imaging, do not have the imaging occasion when surpassing certain hour, add control, long-time place for example placed in 6 hours after, carry out charging AC control, can the minimum AC electric current of abnormal image will not take place as setting value.That is, can provide the image processing system that the photoreceptor conjunctiva does not take place for a long time.
Operation number (logical paper number) for example behind vertical 200 the logical paper of A4 size, is carried out charging AC control, and the minimum AC electric current that can abnormal image will not take place is as setting value, and the image processing system that the photoreceptor conjunctiva does not take place between long-term can be provided.
If by brush shape roller with lubricant applying to photosensitive surface, then the lubricant applying amount of the solid image portion of photoreceptor reduces.As its countermeasure, by adding lubricant (in the present embodiment, use zinc stearate) in toner, scraping plate part to photoreceptor, can suppress the conjunctiva that lowly takes place because of the lubricant applying amount with the lubricant applying on the residual toner of transfer printing surface.Fig. 7 is illustrated in the design sketch that adds lubricant in the toner.As shown in Figure 7, do not compare, when sneaking into 0.15 part (100 parts of toners), conjunctiva is had remarkable result with sneaking into the zinc stearate occasion in the toner.Among the figure, conjunctiva grade 1 expression situation is the poorest, and grade is high more, and situation is good more.
Charging device 3 described above and photoreceptor 1 can support and be one, form cartridge processing, and the image forming device body loading and unloading freely relatively.Cartridge processing can also comprise developing apparatus 5 and/or cleaning device 7 and/or lubricant coating device 21.By this cartridge processing, can will be from power-supply circuit to charging roller 3a, and get fixingly to a certain degree to the cable wiring of AC current detecting means from photoreceptor, can make the minimum deviation of stray capacitance can make that the AC voltage range that applies is narrow.
By cartridge processingization, favourable in the maintenance, when photoreceptor 1, charging device 3, cleaning device 7, lubricant coating device 21, developing apparatus 5 grades are the cause occasion that breaks down, only change cartridge processing, just can be returned to duty very soon, can shorten servicing time.Photoreceptor 5 spatter properties are good, can improve the life-span of cartridge processing.
In image processing system of the present invention, use small particle diameterization shown below, the toner of spheroidization is very effective.
Be preferably, the toner volume average particle size of using in developing apparatus 5 (Dv) is 3～8 μ m, and volume average particle size (Dv) is in 1.00～1.40 scopes with the ratio Dv/Dn of number average particle diameter (Dn).
By using the toner of small particle diameter, can make that toner is attached on the sub-image well.When volume average particle size less than above-mentioned scope occasion, in developing apparatus, the long-term two-component developing agent that stirs, toner can melt and adhere to the magnetic carrier surface, make that the charged ability of magnetic carrier is low, when using the monocomponent toner occasion, toner can be on developer roll conjunctiva, or toner can melt on the parts such as adhering to scraper plate.On the contrary, when volume average particle size greater than above-mentioned scope occasion, be difficult to obtain the image of high resolving power high image quality, and toner particle diameter change is big.
By making size distribution narrow, toner carried charge distribution homogeneous can obtain the few high quality graphic of blurred background, can improve transferring rate.But greater than 1.40, carried charge distributes wide as if Dv/Dn, and resolution is low, and is improper.
The mean grain size of toner and size distribution can be used Coulter counter TA-11, and Coultermultisize counter (being all the Coulter corporate system) is measured.In the present invention, use Coulter counter TA-11, connect, measure the output number and distribute volume distributed median with interface (day science and technology is ground society's system) and personal computer (PC9801, NEC society system).
Toner in that developing apparatus 5 uses is preferably, and shape coefficient SF-1 is in 100～180 scopes, and SF-2 is in 100～180 scopes.
Fig. 8 is the figure of pattern ground expression toner shape, and wherein, Fig. 8 A represents to be used to illustrate the figure of shape coefficient SF-1, and Fig. 8 B represents to be used to illustrate the figure of shape coefficient SF-2.
Shape coefficient SF-1 represents the ratio of the circularity of toner shape, represents with following formula (1):
SF-1＝{(MXLNG) 2/A}×(100π/4)(1)
In the formula, " MXLNG " represents toner is projected in the maximum length of gained shape on the two dimensional surface, and " A " represents above-mentioned projection gained shape area of graph.
When " SF-1 " value is 100 occasions, the toner shape becomes proper sphere shape, and " SF-1 " value is big more, and is far away more from sphere.
Shape coefficient SF-2 represents the concavo-convex ratio of toner shape, represents with following formula (2):
SF-2＝{P 2/A}×(100π/4) (2)
In the formula, " P " represents toner is projected in the peripheral length of gained shape on the two dimensional surface, and " A " represents above-mentioned projection gained shape area of graph.
When " SF-2 " value is 100 occasions, the toner surface does not exist concavo-convex, and " SF-1 " value is big more, and the toner concave-convex surface is remarkable more.
If toner shape subglobular, toner and toner, or toner becomes a contact with contacting of photoreceptor 1, absorption affinity between the toner dies down, therefore, mobile high, and owing to absorption affinity between toner and the photoreceptor 1 also dies down, transferring rate uprises, and easily removes the residual toner on the photoreceptor 1.
On the other hand, spherical toner easily enters the gap between cleaning balde 7a and the photoreceptor 1, therefore, the shape coefficient SF-1 of toner and SF-2 with more than 100 for well.But big if the shape coefficient SF-1 of toner and SF-2 become, shape becomes unsetting, and the carried charge of toner distributes wide, and unloyal to the development of sub-image, also unloyal in transfer printing, therefore, picture quality is low.
Have, transferring rate is low again, and the residual toner of transfer printing becomes many, needs big cleaning device 7, and is upward unfavorable to image processing system 100 designs.Therefore, SF-1 and SF-2 are to be no more than 180 for well.
The mensuration of above-mentioned shape coefficient specifically is to take the toner photo with scanning electron microscope (S-800, Hitachi's system), again its importing image analysis apparatus (LUSEX3, Nireco corporate system) is carried out analytical calculation and obtains.
Preferably prepare the toner that uses in the image processing system of the present invention with following method: the toner composition material that will comprise polyester prepolyer, vibrin, colorant and release agent at least is dispersed in the organic solvent, preparation toner material liquid, above-mentioned polyester prepolyer comprises the functional group of containing nitrogen-atoms, in water-medium, make above-mentioned toner material liquid that crosslinked and/or lengthening reaction takes place, make toner.
Below, toner composition material and manufacture method are described.
Modified polyester resin
Toner of the present invention comprises modified polyester resin (i), as binder resin.Modified polyester resin (i) is meant and has the group that is different from ester group in vibrin, or constitute the state of different resinous principles by combinations such as covalent bond or ionic links in vibrin.Specifically, modified polyester resin is meant by the functional group in for example isocyanate group of vibrin end binding energy and carboxyl, hydroxyl reaction etc., then, and with this vibrin and the prepared modified polyester resin of compound reaction that contains active hydrogen atom.
As modified polyester resin (i), can enumerate the polyester of the urea modification that amine (B) and the polyester prepolyer (A) with above-mentioned isocyanate group is reacted and get etc.As the polyester prepolyer with isocyanate group (A), can enumerate that (polyalcohols PO) and the condensed polymer of poly-carbonic acid (PC), and makes the polyester with reactive hydrogen react the polymkeric substance that obtains with polyisocyanate compounds (PIC) again by polyvalent alcohol.The group of the reactive hydrogen that contains as above-mentioned polyester can be enumerated hydroxyl (alcoholic hydroxyl and phenolic hydroxyl), amino, carboxyl, sulfydryl etc., wherein, is preferably, and uses the alcohols hydroxyl.
The urea modified poly ester generates by the following method.
As polyol compound (PO), can enumerate the above polyvalent alcohol (TO) of dibasic alcohol (DIO) and trivalent.Be preferably, dibasic alcohol (DIO) separately or the potpourri of itself and a spot of (TO).As dibasic alcohol (DIO), can enumerate as aklylene glycol (ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1, ammediol, 1,4-butylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol etc.); Inferior hydrocarbyl ether glycol (diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polyglycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene ether glycol etc.); Alicyclic ring class glycol (1,4 cyclohexane dimethanol, hydrogenation bisphenol-A etc.); Bisphenols (bisphenol-A, Bisphenol F, bisphenol S etc.); The epoxide of described alicyclic ring class glycol (oxirane, epoxypropane, epoxy butane etc.) addition polymer; The epoxide of above-mentioned bisphenols (oxirane, epoxypropane, epoxy butane etc.) addition polymer etc.Wherein, be preferably the aklylene glycol of carbon number 2-12 and the epoxide addition polymer of bisphenols.Good especially is the epoxide addition polymer of bisphenols, and and the aklylene glycol of carbon number 2-12 and use.
The above polyvalent alcohol (TO) of trivalent can be enumerated 3-8 valency or its above multivalence aliphatic alcohol (and triol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythrite, D-sorbite etc.); The phenol (triphenol PA, linear phenol-aldehyde resin etc.) that trivalent is above; The olefin epoxide addition polymer of the Polyphenols that above-mentioned trivalent is above etc.
As polybasic carboxylic acid (PC), can enumerate the above polybasic carboxylic acid (TC) of dicarboxylic acid (DIC) and trivalent, be preferably, (DIC) independent, and (DIC) and the potpourri of a spot of (TC).As dicarboxylic acid (DIC), can enumerate alkene dicarboxylic acid (succinic acid, hexane diacid, decanedioic acid etc.); Chain docosene dicarboxylic acid (maleic acid, good fortune horse acid etc.); Aromatic dicarboxylic acid (phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid (TPA), naphthalene dicarboxylic acids etc.).Wherein, being preferably chain docosene dicarboxylic acid and the carbon number that carbon number is 4-20 is the aromatic dicarboxylic acid of 8-20.As the polybasic carboxylic acid more than the trivalent (TC), can enumerate the aromatic series polybasic carboxylic acid (trimellitic acid, Pyromellitic Acid etc.) of carbon number 9-20.As polybasic carboxylic acid (PC), also can use acid anhydrides or the lower alkyl esters (methyl ester, ethyl ester, isopropyl esters etc.) and polyvalent alcohol (PO) reaction of carboxylic acid again.
The ratio of polyvalent alcohol (PO) and polybasic carboxylic acid (PC), the equivalent proportion (OH)/(COOH) as hydroxyl (OH) and carboxyl (COOH) is generally 2/1～1/1, is preferably, 1.5/1～1/1, be more preferably 1.3/1～1.02/1.
As polyisocyanate (PIC), can enumerate aliphatic polymeric isocyanate (two isocyanic acid tetramethylene esters, two isocyanic acid hexa-methylene esters, 2,6-diisocyanate, methylhexanoic acid ester etc.); Alicyclic polymeric isocyanate (isophorone diisocyanate, cyclohexyl methyl diisocyanate etc.); Aromatic diisocyanate (toluene diisocyanate, methyl diphenylene diisocyanate etc.); Aromatic-aliphatic diisocyanate (α, α, α ', α '-tetramethylxylene diisocyanate etc.); The isocyanuric acid ester class; The block polyisocyanate that above-mentioned polyisocyanate forms with phenol derivatives, oxime, caprolactam block etc.These compounds can use separately, also can more than two kinds and use.
The ratio of polyisocyanate (PIC) as isocyanate group (NCO) with have the equivalent proportion (NCO)/(OH) of hydroxyl (OH) of the polyester of hydroxyl (OH), is generally 5/1～1/1, is preferably, and 4/1～1.2/1, be more preferably 2.5/1～1.5/1.Surpass 5 as (NCO)/(OH), then low-temperature fixing deterioration.Less than 1, then the urea content in the modified poly ester is lower as (NCO)/(OH) ratio, and heat-resisting adhesion property worsens.
Content with polyisocyanate (PIC) constituent in the polyester prepolyer (A) of isocyanate group is preferably usually at 0.5-40 weight %, and 1-30 weight % is more preferably 2-20 weight %.Less than 0.5 weight %, then heat-resisting adhesion property worsens as its content, and simultaneously, heat-resisting keeping quality and low-temperature fixing are difficult to two and stand.When its content surpasses 40 weight %, then low-temperature fixing deterioration.
Have each molecule contained in the polyester prepolyer (A) of isocyanate group isocyanate group usually more than one, be preferably, 1.5～3 of average out to are more preferably, 1.8～2.5 of average out to.As have each molecule contained in the prepolymer (A) of isocyanate group isocyanate group less than one, and then the molecular weight of urea modified poly ester is lower, and heat-resisting adhesion property worsens.
As with the amine (B) of polyester prepolyer (A) reaction, can enumerate diamines (B1), the polyamine (B2) that trivalent is above, amino alcohol (B3), amineothiot (B4), amino acid (B5), and the block amine (B6) of the amino block (block) of B1～B5 formation etc.
As diamines (B1), can enumerate aromatic diamine (phenylenediamine, diethyl toluene diamine, 4,4 '-diaminodiphenylmethane etc.); Alicyclic diamine (4,4 '-diamido-3,3 '-dimethyl dihexyl methane etc., diamines basic ring hexane, isophorone diamine etc.); And aliphatic diamine (ethylenediamine, tetra-methylenedimine, ring methylene diamine etc.).As the polyamine more than the trivalent (B2), can enumerate Diethylenetriamine, triethyl tetramine etc.As amino alcohol (B3), can enumerate monoethanolamine, ethoxylaniline etc.As amino methanol (B4), can enumerate aminoothyl mercaptan, amino propanethiol etc.As amino acid (B5), can enumerate amino alanine, amino n-caproic acid etc.As block amine (B6), can enumerate ketoamine compound, oxazoline (oxazolidine) compound that amine and ketone (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methylisobutylketone) by above-mentioned B1-B5 obtain etc.In these amines (B), be preferably the potpourri that diamines (B1) and diamines (B1) and a small amount of polyamine (B2) mix.
The ratio of amine (B), as equivalent proportion (NCO)/(NHx) ratio of isocyanate group (NCO) in the polyester prepolyer with isocyanate group (A) and the amino (NHx) in the amine (B) usually 1/2～2/1; Be preferably 1.5/1～1/1.5, be more preferably, 1.2/1～1/1.2.Surpass 2 as (NCO)/(NHx) ratio, or less than 1/2, then the molecular weight of urea modified poly ester is low, heat-resisting adhesion property worsens.
In the urea modified poly ester, also can contain urethane bond with the urea key.The mol ratio of urea linkage content and urethane bond content is usually 100/0～10/90; Be preferably 80/20～20/80; Be more preferably 60/40～30/70.Less than 10%, then heat-resisting adhesion property worsens as the mol ratio of urea key.
The modified poly ester (i) that the present invention uses is by for example single-step process or prepolymer method preparation.The weight-average molecular weight of modified poly ester (i) is preferably 20,000～1,000 ten thousand usually more than 10,000, is more preferably 30,000～1,000,000.At this moment peak molecular weight is preferably 1000～10000, if be discontented with 1000, is difficult to lengthening reaction, and toner elasticity is little, the result, and heat-resisting adhesion property worsens.If surpass 10000, fixation performance is low, and in particlized or in pulverizing, has the problem on making.
Modified poly ester of the present invention (i) is using unmodified polyester occasion (ii) as mentioned below, and there is no particular restriction for its number-average molecular weight, but be advisable with the number-average molecular weight that obtains above-mentioned weight-average molecular weight easily.Using modified poly ester (i) occasion separately, its number-average molecular weight below 20000, is preferably 1000-10000 usually, is more preferably 2000-8000.Surpass 20000 as the number-average molecular weight of above-mentioned modified poly ester (i), then low-temperature fixing and the glossiness variation when being used for the autochromy device.
In the cross-linking reaction and/or lengthening reaction of polyester prepolyer (A) and amine (B) preparation modified poly ester (i), can use reaction suppressor to be used to adjust the molecular weight of gained modified poly ester as required.Can enumerate monoamine (for example, diethylamide, dibutylamine, butylamine, lauryl amine etc.) as above-mentioned reaction suppressor, and the block amine that above-mentioned monoamine block is prepared (for example, ketimine compound) etc.
Unmodified polyester
In the present invention, not only use above-mentioned modified poly ester (i) separately, and, unmodified polyester can also be contained (ii), as the adhesive resin composition.By and with above-mentioned modified poly ester (i) and unmodified polyester (ii), raising low-temperature fixing and the glossiness when being used for colour apparatus, better than independent use occasion.
As unmodified polyester (ii), can enumerate the polyvalent alcohol (PO) identical with the polyester composition of above-mentioned modified poly ester (i) and the condensed polymer of polybasic carboxylic acid (PC), compound is identical with above-mentioned modified poly ester (i) occasion preferably.
In addition, only not unmodified polyester, and also can carry out modified resins by the chemical bond beyond the urea key, for example, carry out modified resins (ii) as above-mentioned unmodified polyester by urethane bond.
The (ii) middle at least a portion of above-mentioned modified poly ester (i) and unmodified polyester mixes, and helps low-temperature fixing and heat-resisting adhesiveness.Therefore, be preferably, the polyester composition and the unmodified polyester composition (ii) of above-mentioned modified poly ester (i) are similar.Contain unmodified polyester (ii) the time (i) and weight ratio (ii) usually 5/95～80/20; Be preferably 5/95～30/70; Be more preferably 5/95～25/75, good especially is 7/93～20/80.Less than 5%, then heat-resisting adhesion property worsens, and can't obtain heat-resisting keeping quality and low-temperature fixing simultaneously as the weight ratio of (i).
Unmodified polyester peak molecular weight (ii) is generally 1000～10000, is preferably 2000～8000, is more preferably 2000～5000.If be discontented with 1000, heat-resisting keeping quality is poor, if surpass 10000, the low-temperature fixing deterioration.
Unmodified polyester hydroxyl value (ii) is preferably more than 5, is preferably 10～120, is more preferably 20～80.During less than 5, can't obtain heat-resisting keeping quality and low-temperature fixing simultaneously.
Unmodified polyester acid number (ii) is preferably 1～5, is more preferably 2～4.Since use the wax of high acid value, the preferably low acid value binder of adhesive resin, favourable to charging ability and high volume resistance, easily be complementary with the toner that is used for double component developing.
In the present invention, the glass temperature of toner adhesive resin (Tg) is preferably 55～65 ℃ usually at 35～70 ℃.Glass temperature (Tg) is less than 35 ℃ as described, and then the heat-resisting keeping quality of toner worsens, and glass temperature (Tg) surpasses 70 ℃ as described, and then low-temperature fixing is not enough.The urea modified polyester resin easily is present in gained toner parent look grain surface, in toner of the present invention, with known polyester be toner relatively, even glass temperature is low, also shown good heat-resisting keeping quality.
Colorant
As colorant, can use all known dye well pigment.For example, can use carbon black, the nigrosine based dye, iron black, Naphthol Yellow S, hansa yellow (10G, 5G, G), cadmium yellow, yellow iron oxide, loess, yellow plumbous, titan yellow, poly-azophosphine, oil yellow, hansa yellow (GR, A, RN, R), paint yellow L, biphenyl ammonia Huang (G, GR), permanent yellow (NCG), Wu Erkang fast yellow (5G, R), the Ta Telajin yellow lake, quinoline yellow lake, the yellow BGL of anthrene, isoindoline-1-ketone Huang, iron oxide red, the red lead, plumbous Zhu, cadmium red, cadmium mercury is red, crimson antimony, permanent red 4R, para is red, red as fire (fire red), p-chloro-o-nitroaniline red, lithol that fast scarlet G, gorgeous fast scarlet, gorgeous carmine BS, permanent red (F2R, F4R, FRL, FRLL, F4RH), fast scarlet VD, the strong rubine of Wu Erkang, gorgeous scarlet G, lithol that rubine GX, permanent red F5R, gorgeous carmine 6B, pigment scarlet 3B, purplish red 5B, toluidine is brown red, permanent purplish red F2K, He Liao bordeaux B L, purplish red 10B, nation is brown red, the brown matchmaker of nation is situated between, eosine lake, rhodamine B lake, rhodamine Y color lake, alizarine lake, the red B of Di Aoyingdige, Di Aoyingdigehe is red, oil red, quinoline a word used for translation ketone is red, pyrazolone red, azophloxine, chromium cinnabar, the connection aniline orange, the perynone orange, the oil orange, cobalt blue, it is blue, alkali blue lake, peacock blue lake, the Victoria blue color lake, metal-free phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine blue, fast sky blue indigo plant, indanthrene blue (RS, BC), indigo, ultramarine, dark purple, anthraquinone blue, Fast violet, the methyl violet color lake, cobalt violet, manganese violet diox purple, the anthraquinone purple, chrome green, zinc green, chromium oxide, meagre profit Dean dyestuff, emerald, pigment green B, the green B of Naphthol, proof gold, the acid green color lake, the peacock green color lake, phthalocyanine green, anthraquinone green, titanium dioxide, zinc white, lithopone and composition thereof.The use amount of colorant is 1～15 weight % to toner usually, is preferably 3～10 weight %.
Colorant of the present invention also can be used as the parent look grain with resin compoundedization.
As the manufacturing of described parent look grain and can enumerate as polystyrene with the adhesive resin that described parent look grain mixes simultaneously, poly-to chlorostyrene, the styrene of polyvinyl toluene etc. and the polymkeric substance of replacement thereof; Styrene based copolymer; As polymethylmethacrylate, poly-n-butyl methacrylate, Polyvinylchloride, polyvinyl acetate, tygon, polypropylene, polyester, epoxy resin, epoxy polyol resin, polyurethane, polyamide, polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylate, rosin, modified rosin, terpene resin, aliphatics or alicyclic hydrocarbon resin, aromatic series through-stone oleoresin, chlorinated paraffin, paraffin wax etc., above-mentioned resin both may be used alone, can also be used in combination.
Charge control agent
Toner of the present invention can contain charge control agent as required.Can use known controlling agent as charge control agent, for example, can use Ni Geruoxin based dye, triphenylmethane based dye, the metal complex dyes that contains chromium, molybdic acid chelating dyes, rhodamine based dye, alcoxyl base system amine, quaternary amine (comprising fluorine modification quaternary amine), the monomer of the monomer of alkylamide, phosphorus and compound, tungsten and compound, fluorine are activating agent, salicylic acid metal salt, and the slaine of salicyclic acid derivatives.Tool ground is said, can enumerate: as BONTRON 03, the BONTRON P-51 of quaternary amine, the BONTRON S-34 of containing metal azo dyes, E-82, the E-84 that salicylic acid is metallized dye, the E-89 (above is Orient Chemical Ind's system) of phenol condensation product that the hydroxyl naphthoic acid is metallized dye of Ni Geruoxin based dye; TP-302, TP-415 (above is hodogaya chemical industrial group system) as quaternary amine molybdenum complexing dye; COPY CHARGE PSY V P-2038, the blue PR of COPY of triphenylmethane derivative, COPY CHARGE NEG V P-2036, the COPY CHARGE NX V P434 of quaternary amine, (above is the Hoechst corporate system) as quaternary amine; The LR-147 of LRA-901, boron coordination thing (Japanese Carlit corporate system); Copper phthalocyanine, perylene, 2,3-quinoline a word used for translation ketone, azo pigment, and other contain the macromolecular compound of functional groups such as sulfonic group, carboxyl, quaternary amine.Wherein, to have a material of negative polarity especially suitable for the control toner.
The use amount of charge control agent can be depending on the kind of adhesive resin, optionally has or not and use adjuvant, whether comprise process for dispersing and decide, and can not decide without exception.But be preferably, the use amount of above-mentioned charge control agent is for the adhesive resin of 100 weight portions, and the scope at 0.1～10 weight portion is more preferably, in the scope of 0.2～5 weight portion.Surpass 10 weight portions as its use amount, then the charging property of toner is excessive, and the effect of charge control agent reduces, and the electrostatic attraction of developer roll is increased, and the flowability of developer reduces, and causes image concentration low.
Release agent
In the present invention, fusing point low-melting wax of 50～120 ℃ with the dispersion of adhesive resin in can be used as release agent, between fixing roller and toner surface, effectively play a role, thus, needn't on fixing roller, be coated with, show effect for high temperature resistant adhesion as the wet goods release materials.
As spendable wax among the present invention, for example, can enumerate following material:
Can enumerate vegetable wax as the wax class as Brazil wax, cotton wax, haze tallow, Rice's wax etc.; Animal as beeswax, wool grease etc. is a wax; Mineral as ceresine, ceresine etc. are wax; Reach the pertroleum wax of alkene wax, microcrystalline wax, paraffin wax etc. etc.Except that these natural waxs, also can enumerate the synthetic alkene wax of expense-holder synthetic wax, Tissuemat E etc. again; The synthetic wax of ester, ketone, ether etc. etc.Have again, also can use 1, the fatty acid amide of 2-hydroxyl stearmide, acid phthalic anhydride acid amides, chlorinated hydrocabon etc., the homopolymer of the polymethacrylate of positive stearate such as the polymethylacrylic acid of low-molecular-weight crystalline polymer resin etc., the positive Lauryl Ester of polymethylacrylic acid etc. or multipolymer are (for example, the multipolymers of the positive stearate-Jia Jibingxisuanyizhi of methacrylic acid etc.) etc., its side chain has the crystalline polymer of long alkyl etc.
Above-mentioned charge control agent, release agent also can and parent look grain, adhesive resin together fusion mix, certainly also can be, add when being dispersed in the organic solvent in dissolving.
External additive
For improving flowability, development, the charging property of toner particle of the present invention, can use external additive.Described external additive is preferably, and can use inorganic particle.The primary particle size of described inorganic particle is preferably 5 * 10 -3～2 μ m, good especially is 5 * 10 -3～0.5 μ m.Again, the specific surface area that records according to the BET method is preferably at 20～500m 2/ g.The usage ratio of this inorganic particle is preferably 0.01～5 weight % into toner, and that good especially is 0.01～2.0 weight %. that accounts for toner
As inorganic particle concrete example of the present invention, can enumerate silicon dioxide for example, aluminium oxide, titanium dioxide, barium titanate, magnesium titanate, calcium titanate, strontium titanates, iron oxide, cupric oxide, zinc paste, tin oxide, silica sand, clay, mica, wollastonite, zeyssatite, chromium oxide, cerium oxide, iron oxide red, antimony trioxide, magnesium oxide, zirconia, barium sulphate, barium carbonate, titanium lime carbonate, silit, silicon nitride etc.Wherein, give agent, be preferably and use hydrophobic silica particulate and hydrophobicity titanium dioxide fine particles as flowability.Particularly, use the mean grain size of two particulates 5 * 10 -2When the following particulate of μ m mixes, owing to especially improve with electrostatic force, the Van der Waals for of toner, when reaching the mixing of developer inside that desirable level carries out, flowability gives agent and also can not deviate from from toner, the preferable image image quality of firefly sample can be obtained can not taking place, also the transfer printing residual toner can be reduced.
Titanium dioxide fine particles has excellent environmental stability, image color stability, and still, there is the deterioration tendency in its charged starting characteristic.Thus, greater than the hydrophobic silica particulate, then side effects increases as the addition of titanium dioxide fine particles.Yet the addition of hydrophobic silica particulate and hydrophobicity titanium dioxide fine particles is when 0.3～1.5 weight %, and its charged climb performance is not subjected to very macrolesion, can obtain required charged rising, that is, carry out repeatedly, also can obtain stable image quality even duplicate.
Toner manufacturing method
Below, toner manufacturing method is described, at this, represent a preferable manufacture method, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
(1) with colorant, unmodified polyester resin contains the polyester prepolyer and the release agent dissolving of isocyanate group or is dispersed in the organic solvent preparation toner material liquid.
Be preferably, the organic solvent boiling point is lower than 100 ℃, has volatility, and like this, toner parent look particle shape is easy to remove after becoming.
Specifically, can enumerate for example toluene, dimethylbenzene, benzene, phenixin, methylene chloride, 1,2-ethylene dichloride, 1,1,2-trichloroethanes, chloroform, monochloro benzene, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone etc.These solvents can be used singly or in combination.Wherein, especially suitable is toluene, aromatic series series solvents such as dimethylbenzene, and methylene chloride, 1,2-ethylene dichloride, chloroform, halogenated hydrocarbons such as phenixin.
About the use amount of organic solvent, employed relatively polyester prepolyer 100 weight portions, usually, the organic solvent use amount is 0～300 weight portion, is preferably 0～100 weight portion, is more preferably the scope of 25～70 weight portions.
(2) exist under surfactant and the granular resin, in aqueous medium, making the emulsification of above-mentioned toner material liquid.
As aqueous medium, can be independent water, also can be water and alcohol (methyl alcohol for example, isopropyl alcohol, ethylene glycol etc.), dimethyl formamide, tetrahydrofuran, cellosolve (for example methyl cellosolve), the potpourri of organic solvent such as rudimentary ketone (for example acetone, methyl ethyl ketone).
About the use amount of aqueous medium, relative toner material liquid 100 weight portions, usually, the use amount of aqueous medium is 50～2000 weight portions, is preferably 100～1000 weight portions.If discontented 50 weight portions, the disperse state of toner material liquid is poor, can not obtain decide the toner particle of particle diameter; But it is, then uneconomical if surpass 2000 weight portions.
In order to be dispersed in well in the aqueous medium, can suitably add spreading agents such as surfactant, resin particle.
As surfactant, can enumerate anionic surfactant, for example alkyl benzene sulfonate, alpha-alkene sulfonate, phosphate etc.; Cationic surfactant, ammonium salt type (alkylammonium salt for example for example, amino alcohol fatty acid derivatives, polyamine derivative of fatty acid, imidazoline etc.), and quaternary (for example alkyl trimethyl ammonium salt, dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salt, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium salt, pyridiniujm, alkyl isoquinolinium salt, benzethonium chloride etc.); Non-ionics, for example fatty acid amide derivant, multivalence 01 derivatives etc.; Amphoteric surfactant, for example alanine, 12 (amino-ethyl) glycocoll, two (octyl group amino-ethyl) glycocoll, N-alkyl-N, N dimethyl betaine ammonium etc.
Have the surfactant of fluorinated alkyl by use, even it is use low quantity of surfactant, also very effective.The surfactant with fluorinated alkyl that can preferably use can be enumerated: fluorinated alkyl carboxylic acid and the slaine thereof of carbon number 2-10, perfluoro capryl sulphonyl disodium glutamate, 3-[ω-fluorinated alkyl (C6-C11) oxygen]-1-alkyl (C3-C4) sodium sulfonate, 3-[ω-alkyl fluoride alcohol radical (C6-C8)-N-ethylamino]-1-propane sulfonic acid sodium, fluorinated alkyl (C11-C20) carboxylic acid and slaine, the carboxylic acid and the slaine of perfluoro carboxylic acid (C7-C13), the perfluorooctane alkyl sulfonic acid diglycollic amide, N-propyl group-N-(2-hydroxyethyl) PFO base sulfonamide, perfluoroalkyl (C6-C10) sulfonamide propyl group front three amine salt, perfluoroalkyl (C6-C10)-N-ethyl sulfonyl glycine salt, single perfluoroalkyl (C6-C16)-N-ethyl phosphonic acid ester etc.
As trade name, can enumerate SURFLON S-111, S-112, S-113 (Asahi Glass Co., Ltd's system), FRORARD FC-93, FC-95, FC-98, FC-129 (Sumitomo 3M corporate system), UNIDYNE DS-101, DS-102 (Daikin Industries corporate system), MEGAFACE F-110, F-120, F-113, F-191, F-812, F-833 (big Japanese ink corporate system), ECTOP EF-102,103,104,105,112,123A, 123B, 306A, 501,201,204 (Tohchem Products Co., Ltd systems), FUTARGENT F-100, F105 (Noes corporate system) etc.
As cationic surfactant, can enumerate fatty acid primary with fluoroalkyl, the second month in a season or tertiary amine acid, the fatty acid quaternary amine of perfluoroalkyl (C6-C10) sulfonamide propyl group front three amine salt etc., zephiran salt, benzethonium chloride, pyridiniujm, imidazoline salt, trade name has SURFLON S-121 (Asahi Glass Co., Ltd's system), FRORARD FC-135 (Sumitomo 3M corporate system), UNIDYNE DS-202 (Daikin Industries corporate system), MEGAFACE F-150, F-824 (big Japanese ink corporate system), ECTOPEF-132 (Tohchem Products Co., Ltd system), FUTARGENT F-300 (Noes corporate system) etc.
Adding resin particle is the toner parent look grain stabilization that forms in aqueous medium in order to make., be preferably for this reason, make that the clad ratio on toner parent look grain surface is 10～90% scopes.For example, polymethyl methacrylate resin particulate 1 μ m and 3 μ m, ps particle 0.5 μ m and 2 μ m, poly-(styrene-acrylonitrile) particulate 1 μ m, trade name has PB-200H (KAO. Corp. SA's system), SGP (always grinding corporate system), TECHNO POLYMER SB (ponding changes into product industrial group system), SGP-3G (always grinding corporate system), MICROPEARL (ponding FINE CHEMICAL corporate system) etc.
As the mineral compound spreading agent, can use for example tricalcium phosphate, lime carbonate, titania, silica gel, hydroxyapatite etc. again.
As can with the spreading agent of above-mentioned mineral compound spreading agent, resin particle and usefulness, also can make the dispersant liquid drop stabilization by the macromolecular protecting colloid.For example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, alpha-cyanoacrylate, the alpha-cyano methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, or the acids of maleic anhydride etc., or contain (methyl) acrylic monomer by hydroxyl, for example, senecioate-hydroxy methacrylate, metering system-beta-hydroxy ethyl ester, senecioate-hydroxy propyl ester, methacrylic acid-beta-hydroxy propyl ester, acrylic acid-γ-hydroxy methacrylate, methacrylic acid-γ-hydroxy propyl ester,-beta-hydroxy ethyl ester, acrylic acid-3-chloro-2-hydroxy propyl ester, methacrylic acid-3-chloro-2-hydroxy propyl ester, diethylene glycol one acrylate, diethylene glycol monomethyl acrylate, glycerine one ethyl acrylate, glycerine monomethyl ethyl acrylate, N-methylol-acrylic acid amides, N-methylol-methacrylic acid acid amides etc.; Vinyl alcohol or with the ethers of vinyl alcohol, for example, vinyl acetate, propionate, vinyl butyrate etc.; Acrylamide, Methacrylamide, diacetone acrylamide or its methylol compound, the sour chloride-based of chloracrylic acid, chloromethyl propylene acid etc.; Vinylpyridine, vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl imidazole, second are embraced the homopolymer with nitrogen-atoms or its heterocycle or the multipolymer of imines etc.; The polyethylene oxide system of polyethylene oxide, polypropyleneoxide, polyethylene oxide alkyl amine, polypropyleneoxide alkyl amine, polyethylene oxide alkylamide, polypropyleneoxide alkylamide, polyethylene oxide nonylplenyl ether, polyethylene oxide lauryl phenyl ether, polyethylene oxide stearic acid phenylester, polyethylene oxide nonyl phenylester etc.; Cellulose family as methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose etc.
The method of disperseing is also without particular limitation, can use the known dispersing apparatus of low velocity shear formula, high speed shear formula, friction-type, high-pressure injection formula, ultrasound wave etc.For the particle diameter with dispersion makes 2-20 μ m, be preferably and use high speed shear formula dispersion machine.When using high speed shear formula dispersion machine, rotating speed is also without particular limitation, but usually at 1000-30000rpm, is preferably at 5000-20000rpm.Jitter time also has no particular limits, and is generally 0.1-5 minute in the occasion of batch type.Temperature during dispersion is generally 0-150 ℃ (add and depress), is preferably 40-98 ℃.
(3) when the preparation emulsion, simultaneously amine (B) is added in the aqueous medium, make itself and polyester prepolyer (A) reaction that contains isocyanate group.
What be accompanied by this reaction is the crosslinked of polyester prepolyer (A) strand and or lengthening reaction.Though can determine the reaction time according to the amine (B) and the reactivity of employed polyester prepolyer, the reaction time is preferably from 2 hours to 24 hours usually from 10 minutes to 40 hours.Temperature of reaction is 0～150 ℃, is preferably 40～98 ℃.
If desired, can use known catalyzer in the reaction, dibutyl tin laurate for example, dioctyltin laurate.
(4) after reaction finishes, from emulsification dispersion (reaction product), remove organic solvent, flushing then, drying makes toner parent look grain.
In order to remove organic solvent, can under the laminar flow stirring, total system slowly be heated up, after the uniform temperature district carried out the brute force stirring, desolventizing made spindle toner parent look grain.Again, use occasion synthos etc., that be dissolvable in water acid, alkali, by the acid of hydrochloric acid etc., after the dissolving phosphoric acid calcium salt, by methods such as washings, from toner parent look grain removal synthos as dispersion stabilizer.Also can remove by other decomposition methods that ferments.
(5) make charge control agent adhere on the above-mentioned gained toner parent look grain, then, with external additive silica microparticle for example, inorganic particles such as oxidation phthalein particulate add, and obtain toner of the present invention.Above-mentioned adding charge control agent and inorganic particles can use known methods such as stirrer.
By using above-mentioned manufacture method, the toner of generation has relatively little particle diameter and steep particle diameter distribution.By vigorous stirring in removing dissolving agent process, may command toner shape forms the various needed shape from rugby shape to proper sphere shape.Also may command toner surface appearance forms the various needed surface from smooth surface to the dried plum shape.
The toner shape that the present invention relates to is roughly spherical in shape, can be according to following shape regulation expression.
Fig. 9 is the toner shape figure that modal representation the present invention relates to, in Fig. 9, use major axis r1, minor axis r2, (wherein, the above-mentioned toner roughly spherical in shape of the regulation of r1 〉=r2 〉=r3) is preferably thickness r3, minor axis is 0.5～1 (with reference to Fig. 9 B) with the ratio (r2/r1) of major axis, and thickness is 0.7～1 (with reference to Fig. 9 C) with the ratio (r3/r2) of minor axis.When ratio (r2/r1) less than 0.5 of minor axis and major axis, the shape of toner is away from proper sphere shape, and the some repeatability is poor, and transfer efficiency is low, can not obtain high-quality image.When ratio (r3/r2) less than 0.7 of thickness and minor axis,, can not obtain the such high transferring rate of spherical toner near flat pattern.Especially, when the ratio (r3/r2) of thickness and minor axis was 1.0, becoming with the major axis was the solid of revolution of revolving shaft, can improve the flowability of toner.
With scanning electron microscope (SEM), by changing field-of-view angle, take pictures, measure above-mentioned r1, r2, r3 while observe.
Above-mentioned prepared toner can be as the magnetic toner or the non magnetic toner of the single component of not using magnetic carrier.
Toner of the present invention also can be used for the two-component system developer.At this moment, can mix use with magnetic carrier.Be preferably as magnetic carrier, contain for example iron, manganese, zinc, the ferrite of divalent metals such as copper, volume average particle size is 20～100 μ m.When volume average particle size less than 20 μ m, on photoreceptor 1, easily adhere to carrier during development, and when volume average particle size surpassed 100 μ m, low with the Combination of toner, the toner carried charge was insufficient, easily took place charged bad when using continuously.
In addition, contain the Cu ferrite saturated magnetization height of Zn, very desirable, can suitably select according to the processing of image processing system 100.
Resin as the coated magnetic carrier is not particularly limited, and for example can use silicone resin, styrene-propene acid resin, fluorine resin, paraffin resin etc.Can adopt following method for making:
Coating resin is dissolved in the solvent, and the preparation coating liquid is coated in coating liquid on the carrier particles by the injection of for example using fluidized bed again.Perhaps also resin can be adhered to the carrier particle surface with static, make its coated carrier by heat fusing again.
Formed resin thickness is 0.05～10 μ m on carrier particle, is preferably 0.3～4 μ m.
Above with reference to description of drawings embodiments of the invention, but the present invention is not limited to the foregoing description.Can do all changes in the technology of the present invention thought range, they all belong to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (22)

1. image processing system is provided with:
Picture mounting body is used for the mounting sub-image;
Charging device, the stack AC bias makes that as the charging bias voltage described picture mounting surface homogeneous is charged on Dc bias;
Current sensing means detects the alternating current that flows through picture mounting body when applying the charging bias voltage;
Exposure device to charged exposing as the mounting surface, writes sub-image according to view data;
Developing apparatus is supplied with the sub-image that is formed on the picture mounting surface with toner, but is made sub-image become video;
Transfer device, but with the video transfer printing of described picture mounting surface on offset medium;
Cleaning device, the picture mounting surface after the cleaning transfer printing;
Wherein, described current sensing means detects alternating current in the ground connection side of picture mounting body.
2. image processing system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Further comprise controller, when applying by fixed voltage-controlled mutually different crest voltage, detect the minimum value of the roughly certain alternating current of described picture mounting surface current potential, the crest voltage of expression minimum value is set at controlling value described charging device.
3. image processing system as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, detects the minimum value of alternating current described in each cycle, from little side, be made as Imin1, Imin2, Imin3, Imin4, Imin5 ..., when the surface potential that can not obtain necessity, when the dirty dirty electric current of generation background is made as Ith, more than Ith, the crest voltage that minimum IminX represents is set at controlling value.
4. as claim 2 or 3 described image processing systems, it is characterized in that, detect near the absolute humidity of described charging device, when near the absolute humidity the charging device changes, carry out the action of AC Control of Voltage.
5. image processing system as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, detects the time that does not have imaging, when not having imaging more than the certain hour, carries out the action of AC Control of Voltage.
6. image processing system as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, makes that according to the operation number described control is variable.
7. as any described image processing system among the claim 1-6, it is characterized in that, be provided with lubricant coating device, with lubricant applying to described picture mounting surface.
8. image processing system as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described lubricant coating device is provided with brush shape roller, and this brush shape roller swiping lubricant formed body is scraped and got lubricant applying to described picture mounting body.
9. image processing system as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described lubricant is sneaked in the employed toner.
10. image processing system as claimed in claim 8 or 9 is characterized in that described lubricant is fatty acid metal salts or fluorine particle.
11. as any described image processing system among the claim 1-10, it is characterized in that, the volume average particle size (Dv) of the toner that described developing apparatus uses is in the 3.0-8.0 mu m range, and the ratio Dv/Dn of volume average particle size (Dv) and number average particle diameter (Dn) is in 1.00～1.40 scopes.
12., it is characterized in that the shape coefficient SF-1 of the toner that described developing apparatus uses is in 100～180 scopes as any described image processing system among the claim 1-11, shape coefficient SF-2 is in 100～180 scopes.
13. as any described image processing system among the claim 1-12, it is characterized in that, the toner that described developing apparatus uses is that the toner composition material that will comprise polyester prepolyer, vibrin, colorant and release agent at least is dispersed in the organic solvent, preparation toner material liquid, above-mentioned polyester prepolyer comprises the functional group of containing nitrogen-atoms, in water-medium, make above-mentioned toner material liquid that crosslinked and/or lengthening reaction takes place, make toner.
14. as any described image processing system among the claim 1-13, it is characterized in that, the toner shape roughly spherical in shape that described developing apparatus uses, this shape major axis r1, minor axis r2, thickness r3 regulation, and r1 〉=r2 〉=r3, minor axis is in 0.5～1.0 scope with the ratio (r2/r1) of major axis, and thickness is in 0.7～1.0 scope with the ratio (r3/r2) of minor axis.
15. toner, supply with the developing procedure that electrofax is handled, this toner is the toner that uses in any described image processing system in claim 1-10, its volume average particle size (Dv) is in the 3.0-8.0 mu m range, and the ratio Dv/Dn of volume average particle size (Dv) and number average particle diameter (Dn) is in 1.00～1.40 scopes.
16. toner as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, described toner shape coefficient SF-1 is in 100～180 scopes, and shape coefficient SF-2 is in 100～180 scopes.
17. as claim 15 or 16 described toners, it is characterized in that, described toner is that the toner composition material that will comprise polyester prepolyer, vibrin, colorant and release agent at least is dispersed in the organic solvent, preparation toner material liquid, above-mentioned polyester prepolyer comprises the functional group of containing nitrogen-atoms, makes above-mentioned toner material liquid take place crosslinked in water-medium and/or lengthening reaction makes.
18. as any described toner among the claim 15-17, it is characterized in that, described toner shape roughly spherical in shape, this shape major axis r1, minor axis r2, thickness r3 regulation, and r1 〉=r2 〉=r3, minor axis is in 0.5～1.0 scope with the ratio (r2/r1) of major axis, and thickness is in 0.7～1.0 scope with the ratio (r3/r2) of minor axis.
19. a cartridge processing comprises:
Picture mounting body is grounded, and is used for the mounting sub-image;
Charging device, the stack AC bias charges as the mounting body to described as the charging bias voltage on Dc bias;
Current sensing means detects the alternating current that flows through picture mounting body in the ground connection side as the mounting body;
Wherein, described picture mounting body, charging device and current sensing means become one, image forming device body loading and unloading relatively.
20. an image forming method may further comprise the steps:
The stack AC bias makes that as the charging bias voltage picture mounting surface is charged on Dc bias;
Ground connection side at picture mounting body detects alternating current;
To charged exposing, write sub-image according to view data as the mounting surface;
Toner is supplied with the sub-image that is formed on the picture mounting surface, but make sub-image become video.
21. the image forming method described in claim 20 is characterized in that, further comprises carrying out AC Control of Voltage step, this AC Control of Voltage step comprises:
When applying by fixed voltage-controlled mutually different crest voltage, detect described as the roughly certain minimum alternating current that is not less than threshold current Ith of mounting surface current potential to described charging device;
To be set at controlling value with the corresponding crest voltage of this minimum alternating current.
22. the image forming method described in claim 20 is characterized in that, further comprises carrying out AC Control of Voltage step, this AC Control of Voltage step comprises:
Detect the minimum value of alternating current described in each cycle;
Can not obtain necessary surface potential, and the dirty dirty electric current of background take place be made as Ith, in detected each value, the above corresponding crest voltage of minimum value of Ith is set at controlling value.
CN 200510127064 2004-11-30 2005-11-30 Image forming apparatus and process cartridge Pending CN1782910A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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JP345971/04 2004-11-30
JP022453/05 2005-01-31

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102841522A (en) * 2011-06-21 2012-12-26 株式会社理光 Power supply module and image forming apparatus including same
CN101825858B (en) * 2007-06-29 2013-07-17 佳能株式会社 Image forming apparatus and developing apparatus
CN103226298A (en) * 2012-01-30 2013-07-31 株式会社理光 Toner and image forming apparatus

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101825858B (en) * 2007-06-29 2013-07-17 佳能株式会社 Image forming apparatus and developing apparatus
CN102841522A (en) * 2011-06-21 2012-12-26 株式会社理光 Power supply module and image forming apparatus including same
US8948644B2 (en) 2011-06-21 2015-02-03 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Power supply module and image forming apparatus including same
CN102841522B (en) * 2011-06-21 2015-06-10 株式会社理光 Power supply module and image forming apparatus including same
CN103226298A (en) * 2012-01-30 2013-07-31 株式会社理光 Toner and image forming apparatus

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