CN1780277A - Channel evaluation and evaluating device for orthogonal frequency division duplex telecommunication system - Google Patents
Channel evaluation and evaluating device for orthogonal frequency division duplex telecommunication system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The method includes following steps: system receiver makes Fourier transform for time domain pilot frequency signal to get frequency domain pilot frequency signals; makes LS estimation to get channel estimation of pilot frequency carrier; the time frequency filter is made for channel estimation of pilot frequency carrier to get new channel estimation result of pilot frequency carrier; the interpolation is made for the acquired pilot frequency channel estimation result to get channel estimation of data carrier. The invention also provides a relating device. The invention not only considers correlation of channel on frequency domain, but also considers correlation of channel on time domain so that the accuracy of channel estimation is remarkably improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the channel estimating in the mobile radio system, relate to the channel estimating in the orthogonal FDM communication system particularly.
Background technology
As a kind of multi-carrier transmission pattern, OFDM (OFDM) is converted to one group of low-speed parallel data flow transmitted by the data flow with a high-speed transfer, system is reduced greatly to the susceptibility of multidiameter fading channel frequency selectivity, and the introducing of Cyclic Prefix has further strengthened the ability of the anti-intersymbol interference of system (ISI) again.In addition bandwidth availability ratio height, realize that characteristics such as simple make OFDM more and more wider in the application in radio communication basin, and channel estimating also becomes the focus of communications field research as the key technology of ofdm system, receives increasing concern.
A simple realization of channel estimating is: utilize LS (least square) principle after the channel estimating that obtains pilot frequency carrier wave, obtain the channel estimating of data carrier by linear interpolation.This method realizes simple, but responsive especially to noise, its performance generally can't satisfy the requirement of contemporary wireless communication system.
Chinese patent CN1437338, " channel estimation methods in the ofdm system ", the LMMSE principle of giving chapter and verse at first obtains the channel estimating of pilot frequency carrier wave, obtains the channel estimating of all data carriers then with an interpolation filter.But in order to guarantee the enforcement of algorithm, this method need obtain the autocorrelation matrix of wireless channel in advance, and becomes when usually wireless channel is, its accurately autocorrelation matrix be difficult to obtain.This has been subjected to certain limitation with regard to the application that makes this method.In addition, this method has only been considered the correlation of channel at frequency domain, does not consider the correlation of channel in time domain, and this has also influenced the further raising of channel estimating performance.
United States Patent (USP) 20020150037, " Iterative maxmium likehood channel estimation andsignal detection for OFDM systems ". this patent proposes a kind of method of ofdm system being carried out channel estimating from time domain.Its thinking is at first to utilize pilot tone to try to achieve the impulse response of channel, utilizes FFT (fast fourier transform) to obtain the frequency domain response of all carrier waves then, and this process can recursion be carried out.But this method requires all than higher computing capability and memory space, each time in the recursion, all needing to count for twice is the IFFT (contrary fast fourier transform) of N (carrier wave total number), count for twice and be the DFT (Fourier transform) of L (L is the sampling point number of Cyclic Prefix), once count and be the IDFT (inverse Fourier transform) of L, in recursive process, this method also requires demodulated data is carried out hard decision.Because it is this method is too complicated, also difficult in practice to use.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that will solve of the present invention is the contradiction that overcomes existing implementation complexity, estimates accuracy in detection, proposes with a kind of new function admirable, realizes simple channel estimation methods.
The present invention also provides the device of realizing said method.
The method that the present invention proposes is:
Produce the used pilot signal of channel estimating by system transmitter, comprise that pilot tone inserted mode and pilot value choose two parts content; The pilot signal that produces becomes time-domain pilot signal through inverse Fourier transform; This time-domain pilot signal of emission on the wireless multipath fading channel; By system receiver time-domain pilot signal is obtained the pilot tone signal through Fourier transform; It is characterized in that,
1.1 carry out the channel estimating that LS estimates to obtain pilot frequency carrier wave;
1.2 when carrying out-frequency filtering, obtain the new channel estimation results of pilot frequency carrier wave for the channel estimation results of pilot frequency carrier wave;
Carry out interpolation 1.3 previous step is obtained the pilot channel estimation result, obtain the channel estimating of data carrier.
Device among the present invention can be one of following two kinds of schemes:
One of scheme: channel estimator comprises:
Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the LS estimator that LS estimates;
Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the time domain filtering of time-domain filtering, to same carrier wave, the channel estimation results of different time is weighted on average;
Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the frequency domain filter of frequency domain filtering, to the same time, the channel estimation results of different carrier is weighted on average;
Be used for determining the time-domain and frequency-domain filter coefficient calculator of time domain filtering and frequency domain filter coefficient;
Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the interpolation device of interpolation.
The LS estimator carries out the LS estimation to the channel response of pilot carriers, and output signal is used for time domain filtering and frequency domain filter respectively to time domain frequency domain filter coefficient calculator calculating time domain filtering coefficient and frequency domain filter coefficient; Time domain filtering outputs signal to frequency domain filter and carries out frequency domain filtering after the dateout of LS estimator is carried out time-domain filtering; At last the result is exported to interpolation device; Interpolation device obtains final channel estimation results, and channel estimation results is exported to channel compensation block.
Two of scheme: channel estimator, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the LS estimator that LS estimates;
Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the time domain filtering of time-domain filtering, to same carrier wave, the channel estimation results of different time is weighted on average;
Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the frequency domain filter of frequency domain filtering, to the same time, the channel estimation results of different carrier is weighted on average;
Be used for determining the time domain filtering coefficient calculator of time domain filtering coefficient;
Be used for determining the frequency domain filter coefficient calculator of frequency domain filter coefficient;
Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the interpolation device of interpolation.
The LS estimator carries out the LS estimation to the channel response of pilot carriers, output signal is to time domain filter coefficient calculator and frequency domain filter coefficient calculator respectively, and they calculate the time domain filtering coefficient respectively and the frequency domain filter coefficient uses for time domain filtering and frequency domain filter; Time domain filtering outputs signal to frequency domain filter and carries out frequency domain filtering after the dateout of LS estimator is carried out time-domain filtering; Frequency domain filter is exported to interpolation device with the result at last; Interpolation device obtains final channel estimation results, and channel estimation results is exported to channel compensation block.
The present invention had both considered the correlation of channel at frequency domain, had considered the correlation of channel in time domain again, thereby can improve the accuracy of channel estimating significantly.Simultaneously, the present invention does not need the autocorrelation matrix of extra input channel, does not relate to complicated matrix inversion and FFT computing etc., and it is little to have amount of calculation, realizes characteristics such as easy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 comprises receiver structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is an example structure figure of the channel estimator among the present invention;
Fig. 3 is another example structure figure of the channel estimator among the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of the channel estimation methods among the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of the calculating time-domain and frequency-domain filter coefficient in the channel estimation methods of the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the receiver structure schematic diagram that comprises channel estimator of the present invention.Front-end processing module 101 is by the reception antenna received RF signal, carries out down-conversion, analog-to-digital conversion then to received signal, goes processing such as Cyclic Prefix.At last, data are output to FFT module 102.The data of 102 pairs of inputs of FFT module are carried out fast fourier transform, like this data by spatial transform to frequency domain.FFT module 102 outputs to channel compensation block 104 to the data from data carrier, outputs to channel estimation module 103 from the data of pilot frequency carrier wave.Channel compensation block 104 receives the user data of FFT modules 102 outputs and the data carrier channel estimating of channel estimation module 103 outputs, and the channel estimating of utilizing data carrier is carried out compensation on amplitude and the phase place to user data.At last, data are output to demodulating and decoding module 105 and carry out subsequent treatment.
Fig. 2 is an example structure figure of the channel estimator among the present invention.Pilot signal that LS estimation module 201 utilization receives and local reference signal carry out LS to the channel response of pilot frequency carrier wave to be estimated, obtains one of pilot frequency carrier wave channel response result according to a preliminary estimate.Time-domain and frequency-domain filter coefficient calculator 202 determines that according to 201 result the coefficient of time domain and frequency domain filter uses for time domain filtering and frequency domain filter.The data of foundation can be the nearest output of LS estimation module 201 during time-domain and frequency-domain filter coefficient calculator 202 calculating filter coefficients, or the history of LS estimation module 201 output, even can the fixed filters coefficient and do not rely on the output of LS estimation module 201.The output result of 203 pairs of LS estimation module 201 of time domain filtering module carries out time-domain filtering, and the function of this filter is to same carrier wave, and the channel estimation results of different time is weighted on average.The output result of 204 pairs of time-domain filtering modules 203 of frequency domain filtering module carries out frequency domain filtering, and the function of this filter is to the same time, and the channel estimation results of different carrier is weighted on average.205 output results to frequency domain filtering module 204 of interpolating module carry out interpolation, obtain the channel estimation results of data carrier.It is pointed out that time-domain filtering and frequency domain filtering do not have strict order in this device,, carry out time-domain filtering then such as also can the territory filtering of advanced line frequency; Perhaps, time-domain filtering and frequency domain filtering are combined etc., this all comprises within the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is another example structure figure of the channel estimator among the present invention.Pilot signal that LS estimation module 301 utilization receives and local reference signal carry out LS to the channel response of pilot frequency carrier wave to be estimated, obtains one of pilot frequency carrier wave channel response result according to a preliminary estimate.Time domain filtering calculator 302 determines that according to 301 result the coefficient of time domain filtering uses for time domain filtering 304.Frequency domain filter calculator 303 determines that according to the result of LS estimation module 301 coefficient of frequency domain filter uses for frequency domain filter 305.The function of time domain filtering 304, frequency domain filter 305 and interpolating module 306 is described with Fig. 2, repeats no more herein.It is to be noted in this device, can be embedded into time domain filtering coefficient calculator 302 in the time domain filtering 304, frequency domain filter coefficient calculator 303 is embedded in the frequency domain filter 305, time domain filtering and frequency domain filter do not have strict order yet, such as also can the territory filtering of advanced line frequency, carry out time-domain filtering then; Perhaps, time-domain filtering and frequency domain filtering are combined or the like.These distortion also all comprise within the scope of the present invention.
The base unit of OFDMA system reverse link allocation of carriers is a subchannel, and each subchannel is made up of 6 Tile (sheet).Pilot tone and data carrier are allocated as follows table among each Tile.As can be seen, each Tile is made up of 4 carrier waves of frequency domain, 3 symbols of time domain from following table.For the convenience that describes below, definition (m, n) m carrier wave among Tile of expression, n symbol.Pilot frequency carrier wave set P among the definition of T ile:
P＝{(0，0)，(3，0)，(0，2)，(3，2)} (1)
When (the LS channel estimating that defines corresponding pilot frequency carrier wave is Y for m, n) P
M, n
| Symbol 0 | | Symbol 2 | |
| Carrier wave 0 | × ○ ○ × | ○ ○ ○ ○ | × ○ ○ × |
* pilot frequency carrier wave
Zero data carrier
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of the channel estimation method that proposes of the present invention.Step 401 is used to calculate the LS estimation of pilot frequency carrier wave.If Z
M, nBe illustrated in m carrier wave in the Tile, the reception data on the n symbol; X
M, nThe local reference data that expression is corresponding is then as (m, n) P, the LS channel estimating Y of pilot frequency carrier wave
M, nFor:
Y
m，n＝Z
m，n/X
m，n (2)
The result of step 405 pair step 404 carries out interpolation, obtains the channel estimating of data carrier.
Fig. 5 is the flow chart that calculates the time-domain and frequency-domain filter coefficient in the example of the present invention.The average power of step 501 pair channel response estimates that in a Tile, average power estimates that Power is:
Step 505 is calculated the frequency domain filter coefficient, and the frequency domain filter factor beta is frequency domain correlation coefficient F
cA normalization result,
Be the description to one embodiment of the present of invention above, those skilled in the art that should be understood that the various corrections of embodiments of the invention and change and drop in design of the present invention and the claims limited range.Such as, usually, a user can be assigned with a plurality of Tile, and we can ask on average the result who utilizes formula (8) and formula (9) to obtain, thereby obtain better α and β.Again such as, the variation of frequency domain correlation coefficient and time domain coefficient correlation is very slowly, is reaching under the situation of certain accuracy, we do not need each symbol to calculate α and β or the like.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of channel estimation methods of orthogonal FDM communication system is received time-domain pilot signal and is obtained the pilot tone signal through Fourier transform by system receiver; Then:
1.1 carry out the channel estimating that LS estimates to obtain pilot frequency carrier wave;
1.2 when carrying out-frequency filtering, obtain the new channel estimation results of pilot frequency carrier wave for the channel estimation results of pilot frequency carrier wave;
Carry out interpolation 1.3 previous step is obtained the pilot channel estimation result, obtain the channel estimating of data carrier.
2, the channel estimation methods of the described orthogonal FDM communication system of claim 1 is characterized in that, described when carrying out for the pilot channel estimation result-frequency filtering further comprises:
2.1 calculate the time domain and the frequency domain filter coefficient of each pilot tone according to system's characteristics and pilot distribution;
2.2 pilot tone is carried out time-frequency domain filtering according to the coefficient that obtains above.
3, the channel estimation methods of the described orthogonal FDM communication system of claim 2 is characterized in that, the time domain of described each pilot tone and frequency domain filter coefficient are fixed coefficient that draws by statistics or the adaptation coefficient that draws according to each system features.
4, the channel estimation methods of the described orthogonal FDM communication system of claim 2 is characterized in that, calculates the time domain of each pilot tone and the method for frequency domain filter coefficient to be:
4.1 the average power of calculating channel response;
4.2 estimate the time domain coefficient correlation;
4.3 estimation frequency domain correlation coefficient;
4.4 calculate the time domain filtering coefficient;
4.5 calculate the frequency domain filter coefficient correlation.
5, a kind of channel estimator is characterized in that, comprising:
Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the LS estimator that LS estimates; Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the time domain filtering of time-domain filtering, to same carrier wave, the channel estimation results of different time is weighted on average; Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the frequency domain filter of frequency domain filtering, to the same time, the channel estimation results of different carrier is weighted on average; Be used for determining the time-domain and frequency-domain filter coefficient calculator of time domain filtering and frequency domain filter coefficient; Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the interpolation device of interpolation;
The LS estimator carries out the LS estimation to the channel response of pilot carriers, and output signal is used for time domain filtering and frequency domain filter respectively to time domain frequency domain filter coefficient calculator calculating time domain filtering coefficient and frequency domain filter coefficient; Time domain filtering outputs signal to frequency domain filter and carries out frequency domain filtering after the dateout of LS estimator is carried out time-domain filtering; At last the result is exported to interpolation device; Interpolation device obtains final channel estimation results, and channel estimation results is exported to channel compensation block.
6, a kind of channel estimator is characterized in that, comprising:
Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the LS estimator that LS estimates; Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the time domain filtering of time-domain filtering, to same carrier wave, the channel estimation results of different time is weighted on average; Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the frequency domain filter of frequency domain filtering, to the same time, the channel estimation results of different carrier is weighted on average; Be used for determining the time-domain and frequency-domain filter coefficient calculator of time domain filtering and frequency domain filter coefficient; Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the interpolation device of interpolation;
The LS estimator carries out the LS estimation to the channel response of pilot carriers, and output signal is used for time domain filtering and frequency domain filter respectively to time domain frequency domain filter coefficient calculator calculating time domain filtering coefficient and frequency domain filter coefficient; Frequency domain filter outputs signal to time domain filtering and carries out time-domain filtering after the dateout of LS estimator is carried out frequency domain filtering; At last the result is exported to interpolation device; Interpolation device obtains final channel estimation results, and channel estimation results is exported to channel compensation block.
7, a kind of channel estimator is characterized in that, comprising:
Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the LS estimator that LS estimates; Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the time-domain and frequency-domain filter of time-domain filtering and frequency domain filtering; Be used for determining the time-domain and frequency-domain filter coefficient calculator of time domain filtering and frequency domain filter coefficient; Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the interpolation device of interpolation;
The LS estimator carries out the LS estimation to the channel response of pilot carriers, and output signal is used for the time-domain and frequency-domain filter to time domain frequency domain filter coefficient calculator calculating time domain filtering coefficient and frequency domain filter coefficient; The time-domain and frequency-domain filter is exported to interpolation device with the result after the dateout of LS estimator is carried out time-domain and frequency-domain filtering; Interpolation device obtains final channel estimation results, and channel estimation results is exported to channel compensation block.
8, a kind of channel estimator is characterized in that, comprising:
Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the LS estimator that LS estimates; Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the time domain filtering of time-domain filtering, to same carrier wave, the channel estimation results of different time is weighted on average; Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the frequency domain filter of frequency domain filtering, to the same time, the channel estimation results of different carrier is weighted on average; Be used for determining the time domain filtering coefficient calculator of time domain filtering coefficient; Be used for determining the frequency domain filter coefficient calculator of frequency domain filter coefficient; Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the interpolation device of interpolation;
The LS estimator carries out the LS estimation to the channel response of pilot carriers, output signal is to time domain filter coefficient calculator and frequency domain filter coefficient calculator respectively, and they calculate the time domain filtering coefficient respectively and the frequency domain filter coefficient uses for time domain filtering and frequency domain filter; Time domain filtering outputs signal to frequency domain filter and carries out frequency domain filtering after the dateout of LS estimator is carried out time-domain filtering; Frequency domain filter is exported to interpolation device with the result at last; Interpolation device obtains final channel estimation results, and channel estimation results is exported to channel compensation block.
9, a kind of channel estimator is characterized in that, comprising:
Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the LS estimator that LS estimates; Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the time domain filtering of time-domain filtering, to same carrier wave, the channel estimation results of different time is weighted on average; Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the frequency domain filter of frequency domain filtering, to the same time, the channel estimation results of different carrier is weighted on average; Be used for determining the time domain filtering coefficient calculator of time domain filtering coefficient; Be used for determining the frequency domain filter coefficient calculator of frequency domain filter coefficient; Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the interpolation device of interpolation;
The LS estimator carries out the LS estimation to the channel response of pilot carriers, output signal is to time domain filter coefficient calculator and frequency domain filter coefficient calculator respectively, and they calculate the time domain filtering coefficient respectively and the frequency domain filter coefficient uses for time domain filtering and frequency domain filter; Frequency domain filter outputs signal to time domain filtering and carries out time-domain filtering after the dateout of LS estimator is carried out frequency domain filtering; Time domain filtering is exported to interpolation device with the result at last; Interpolation device obtains final channel estimation results, and channel estimation results is exported to channel compensation block.
10, a kind of channel estimator is characterized in that, comprising:
Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the LS estimator that LS estimates; Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the time-domain and frequency-domain filter of time-domain filtering and frequency domain filtering; Be used for determining the time domain filtering coefficient calculator of time domain filtering coefficient; Be used for determining the frequency domain filter coefficient calculator of frequency domain filter coefficient; Be used for the pilot frequency carrier wave channel response is carried out the interpolation device of interpolation;
The LS estimator carries out the LS estimation to the channel response of pilot carriers, output signal is to time domain filter coefficient calculator and frequency domain filter coefficient calculator respectively, and they input to the use of time-domain and frequency-domain filter after calculating time domain filtering coefficient and frequency domain filter coefficient respectively; The time-domain and frequency-domain filter is exported to interpolation device with the result after the dateout of LS estimator is carried out time-domain and frequency-domain filtering; Interpolation device obtains final channel estimation results, and channel estimation results is exported to channel compensation block.
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