CN1780031A - Anode of lithium ion cell and lithium ion cell - Google Patents
Anode of lithium ion cell and lithium ion cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN1780031A CN1780031A CNA2004100523299A CN200410052329A CN1780031A CN 1780031 A CN1780031 A CN 1780031A CN A2004100523299 A CNA2004100523299 A CN A2004100523299A CN 200410052329 A CN200410052329 A CN 200410052329A CN 1780031 A CN1780031 A CN 1780031A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
A positive electrode of Li ion battery features that it contains Li salt chosen from lithium phosphate, dilithium hydrogen phosphate, lithium sulfate, lithium molybdate, lithium titanate, etc. A Li ion battery with high high-temp cycle performance and storage nature is composed of said positive electrode, diaphragm, negative electrode and non-water electrolyte.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lithium ion battery, particularly relate to and a kind ofly contain the lithium ion cell positive of lithium salts and adopt this anodal lithium ion battery.
Background technology
The positive electrode that uses in the present commercial lithium ion battery is still with cobalt acid lithium (LiCoO
2) be main, yet, because wherein cobalt metals resources rareness, costliness, poisonous and poor stability, in lithium ion battery, take very high cost, so the high capacity cell field of condemned material large usage quantity (as instrument battery, cells in notebook computer, automobile batteries, bicycle battery etc.).By comparison, manganese cathode material is (as LiMn2O4 LiMn
2O
4) but preparation easily, relative cobalt and nickel, the low price of manganese, wide material sources and avirulence.The lithium rechargeable battery security performance of such positive electrode is also very excellent in addition, is with a wide range of applications.Yet, under higher temperature, be that the capacity of lithium ion battery of positive pole is decayed rapidly with the manganese based material, high temperature cyclic performance and storge quality are poor, have seriously restricted the application of such battery, wherein H
+Be the immediate cause that causes the manganese dissolving, its reaction is as follows:
In following formula, the Mn that reaction generates
2+Dissolve in electrolyte, and be deposited on the electrolyte interface film after reduction at negative pole, cause the internal resistance of cell to increase, capacity reduces, and cycle performance and storge quality descend.
Therefore how solving with the manganese based material is that the high temperature circulation and the high-temperature storage performance of the lithium ion battery of positive pole becomes the difficult problem that can this type of low-cost battery be applied.
Improvement with the manganese based material be the lithium ion battery of positive pole store and the research of cycle performance a lot, its technical measures mainly are to coat layer of metal carbonate on the surface of material, as lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potash etc.But these class methods can be introduced metal ions such as sodium ion, potassium ion in battery system, these ions can embed the carbon material used as anode interlayer altogether with lithium ion, cause battery capacity to descend the cycle performance variation.This external coating is uniformity coefficient and the very difficult control of covering amount in preparation process, and manufacturing cycle is long, cost is high.
U.S. Pat 5869207 discloses a kind of method: add carbonate, metal oxide, hydroxide, amine, aluminate or silicate in lithium manganese oxygen material, then composite material is carried out high-temperature process, the salt of adding is partly or entirely decomposed.This method also is that material is handled, and the catabolite of above-mentioned additive absorbs water in air part easily in battery manufacturing process, is difficult to reach its initial purpose.In addition, the part additive because of with may generate bad accessory substance after acid in the battery system combines, the chemical property of battery is worsened.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to address the above problem, and a kind of lithium ion cell positive that contains lithium salts is provided, with the high temperature cyclic performance and the storge quality of effective raising lithium ion battery.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of lithium ion battery, it has adopted the positive plate that contains lithium salts, so that lithium ion battery possesses superior high temperature cyclic performance and storge quality.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of lithium ion cell positive, this lithium ion cell positive is to contain lithium salts in the slurry of the positive plate of lithium ion battery or making positive pole, lithium salt content is 0.01～15% of a positive active material weight, and its preferred content is 0.1～5% of a positive active material weight.
Described lithium salts contains at least two lithium ions, and lithium salts is lithium phosphate, phosphoric acid hydrogen two lithiums, lithium sulfate, lithium sulfite, lithium molybdate, lithium oxalate, lithium titanate, lithium tetraborate, lithium metasilicate, the mixture of one or more in LiMn2O4, lithium tartrate, citric acid three lithiums partially.
It is lithium salt solution to be sprayed on positive plate surface or pole piece is immersed in the lithium salt solution that lithium salts is introduced lithium ion cell positive, then pole piece is carried out vacuumize; Or above-mentioned lithium salts is blended in the anode sizing agent, and then be uniformly coated on the plus plate current-collecting body, plus plate current-collecting body is a metal material, preferred aluminium foil.
It is lithium transition-metal oxide that positive active material contains the manganese shown in the formula 1, or is the mixture of one or more in the lithium transition-metal oxide shown in formula 1, formula 2, the formula 3:
Formula 1:Li
1+xM
yMn
2-yO
4
In the formula ,-0.1≤x≤0.2,0≤y≤1.0, M is at least a in the elements such as lithium, boron, magnesium, aluminium, titanium, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, yttrium, fluorine, iodine, sulphur;
Formula 2:Li
mNi
nCo
1-nO
2
In the formula, 0.9≤m≤1.1,0≤n≤1.0
Formula 3:Li
aL
bMn
1-bO
2
In the formula, 0.9≤a≤1.1,0≤b≤1.0, L is at least a in the elements such as cobalt, nickel.
The present invention also provides a kind of lithium ion battery that adopts above-mentioned lithium ion cell positive, it comprises positive pole, barrier film, negative pole and nonaqueous electrolytic solution, described positive pole is to contain lithium salts in the slurry of the positive plate of lithium ion battery or making positive pole, lithium salt content is 0.01～15% of a positive active material weight, and its preferred content is 0.1～5% of a positive active material weight.
Described negative pole is to make on the negative current collector by adhesive being dissolved in the solvent, adding negative electrode active material again, being coated on after disperseing fully.Negative electrode active material of the present invention is not particularly limited, can disengage the negative electrode active material of lithium for embedding of this area routine, such as native graphite, electrographite, petroleum coke, organic cracking carbon, carbonaceous mesophase spherules (MCMB), carbon fiber (MCF), ashbury metal, silicon alloy etc., can select one of them or its mixture for use, preferred electrographite.Described solvent can be selected from N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethyl formamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (DMSO), oxolane (THF) and water and alcohols etc., can use one of them or its mixture, preferred NMP.Described adhesive comprises fluorine resin and polyolefin compound such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR) etc., can select one of them or its mixture for use.
Described nonaqueous electrolytic solution is the mixed solution of electrolyte lithium salt and nonaqueous solvents, and it is not particularly limited, and can use the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of this area routine.Can be lithium perchlorate (LiClO such as electrolyte lithium salt
4), lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF
6), LiBF4 (LiBF
4), hexafluoroarsenate lithium (LiAsF
6), lithium halide, chlorine lithium aluminate and fluorocarbon based sulfonic acid lithium etc., can use one of them or its mixture, preferred LiPF
6Organic solvent is selected chain acid esters and ring-type acid esters mixed solution for use, the chain acid esters can be dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl-methyl carbonic ester (EMC), carbonic acid first propyl ester (MPC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), methyl acetate (MA), ethyl acetate (EA), propyl acetate (PA), dimethoxy-ethane and other are fluorine-containing, sulfur-bearing or contain at least a in the chain organosilane ester of unsaturated bond, the ring-type acid esters can be ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate ester (PC), vinylene carbonate (VC), gamma-butyrolacton (γ-BL), sultone and other are fluorine-containing, sulfur-bearing or contain at least a in the ring-type organosilane ester of unsaturated bond.
Described barrier film and positive and negative electrode collector body are not particularly limited, and can be barrier film and positive and negative electrode collector body conventional in the lithium rechargeable battery, barrier film preferred polyolefm micro-porous film, the preferred aluminium foil of positive electrode collector, the preferred Copper Foil of negative electrode collector.
Compare with existing lithium ion cell positive, the present invention has following distinguishing feature:
One, can reduce H in the electrolyte
+Content, effectively suppress the dissolving of anodal Mn; Can also improve the quality of negative pole solid interface film, improve the battery charging and discharging performance.
Two, can suitably replenish lithium ion in the charge and discharge process, thereby improve battery capacity, obviously improve circulation, storge quality under the battery high-temperature.
Three, simple and reliable process, with short production cycle, cost is low.
Embodiment
The following example is to further explanation of the present invention and explanation, and the present invention is not constituted any limitation.
Embodiment 1
A certain amount of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) is dissolved among the NMP (N-methyl pyrrolidone), with LiMn by certain ratio
2O
4(LiMn2O4) and acetylene black add in this solution, fully are mixed and made into slurry, and its percentage by weight consists of LiMn
2O
4: acetylene black: PVDF=91: 5: 4.This slurry is coated on equably on the aluminium foil of 20 μ m, carries out drying in 120 ℃, the lithium phosphate aqueous solution of 0.1% weight is sprayed on the surface of this positive plate, vacuumize, calendering obtains positive plate.
A certain amount of PVDF is dissolved among the NMP with certain ratio, Delanium is added in this solution, fully be mixed and made into slurry, its weight % consists of Delanium: PVDF=95: 5.Again this slurry is coated on the Copper Foil of 20 μ m equably, carries out drying in 120 ℃, obtain negative plate after the calendering.
Above-mentioned positive and negative plate and polypropylene screen are wound into the pole piece of a square lithium ion battery and are accommodated in the rectangular cell shell, subsequently with LiPF
6(lithium hexafluoro phosphate) presses 1mol/dm
3Concentration be dissolved in that formed electrolyte injects battery case and sealing in the mixed solvent that weight portion is EC (ethylene carbonate)/DMC (dimethyl carbonate)=1: 1, make the square lithium ion battery of thick 5mm, wide 34mm, high 50mm.
Embodiment 2
Positive plate prepares as follows:
A certain amount of PVDF is dissolved among the NMP by certain ratio, with LiMn
2O
4Add in this solution with acetylene black, fully be mixed and made into slurry, its percentage by weight consists of LiMn
2O
4: acetylene black: PVDF=91: 5: 4.This slurry is coated on equably on the aluminium foil of 20 μ m, carries out drying in 120 ℃, then this positive plate is immersed in the lithium phosphate aqueous solution of 0.1% weight, take out vacuumize after 20 minutes, calendering obtains positive plate.
Other step is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Positive plate prepares as follows:
A certain amount of PVDF is dissolved among the NMP by certain ratio, with LiMn
2O
4Add in this solution with acetylene black, fully mix, its percentage by weight consists of LiMn
2O
4: acetylene black: PVDF=91: 5: 4, add the lithium phosphate powder of 2% weight then, be uniformly dispersed and make anode sizing agent.This slurry is coated on equably on the aluminium foil of 20 μ m, carries out drying in 120 ℃, calendering obtains positive plate.
Other step is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
Basic step is with embodiment 3, and different is that the lithium phosphate addition is 0.05% of a positive active material.
Embodiment 5
Basic step is with embodiment 3, and different is that the lithium phosphate addition is 20%.
Embodiment 6
Basic step is with embodiment 1, and different is that lithium salts is a lithium sulfate.
Embodiment 7
Basic step embodiment 1, and different is that lithium salts is a lithium oxalate.
Comparative example 1
Basic step is not just introduced lithium salts with embodiment 1 in positive plate.
The present invention has carried out following test to the battery behavior of the foregoing description and comparative example preparation:
1, high temperature cyclic performance test
Under 60 ℃ of temperature conditions, with embodiment and comparative example battery respectively with the 1CmA current charges to 4.2V, with constant-potential charge, cut-off current is 0.05CmA after voltage rises to 4.2V, shelves 5 minutes; Battery, was shelved 5 minutes to 3.0V with the 1CmA current discharge, and the gained capacity is designated as initial capacity.Repeat above step 300 time, obtain the capacity of 300 circulation backs of battery 1CmA current discharge, be designated as residual capacity to 3.0V.Capacity sustainment rate before and after the computation cycles, test result is as shown in table 1:
Table 1
| Initial capacity | Residual capacity | Capacity sustainment rate (%) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 721 | 613 | 85.3 |
| Embodiment 2 | 719 | 597 | 83.4 |
| Embodiment 3 | 722 | 602 | 83.8 |
| Embodiment 4 | 703 | 549 | 78.4 |
| Embodiment 5 | 655 | 524 | 80.5 |
| Embodiment 6 | 720 | 591 | 82.2 |
| Embodiment 7 | 715 | 580 | 81.7 |
| Comparative example 1 | 687 | 469 | 68.3 |
2, high-temperature storage performance test
At ambient temperature, with embodiment and comparative example battery respectively with the 1CmA current charges to 4.2V, with constant-potential charge, cut-off current is 0.05CmA after voltage rises to 4.2V, shelve 5 minutes after, accurately measure cell thickness; Then above-mentioned battery is stored a week under 60 ℃ of conditions, measure battery with the capacity of 1CmA current discharge, and measure cell thickness once more to 3.0V, counting cell capacity sustainment rate and change value of thickness, test result is as shown in table 2:
Table 2
| Capacity sustainment rate (%) | Change value of thickness (mm) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 92.3 | 0.06 |
| Embodiment 2 | 91.5 | 0.07 |
| Embodiment 3 | 94.2 | 0.05 |
| Embodiment 4 | 87.7 | 0.10 |
| Embodiment 5 | 80.5 | 0.12 |
| Embodiment 6 | 93.1 | 0.06 |
| Embodiment 7 | 90.6 | 0.08 |
| Comparative example 1 | 78.8 | 0.20 |
According to above test result, adopt positive pole of the present invention and battery thereof, compare with comparative example, battery at high temperature cycle performance and storge quality be improved significantly.
Claims (12)
1, a kind of lithium ion cell positive is characterized in that, at the positive plate of lithium ion battery or make in the anodal slurry and contain lithium salts, lithium salt content is 0.01～15% of a positive active material weight.
2, lithium ion cell positive as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described lithium salts contains at least two lithium ions.
3, lithium ion cell positive as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that described lithium salts is lithium phosphate, phosphoric acid hydrogen two lithiums, lithium sulfate, lithium sulfite, lithium molybdate, lithium oxalate, lithium titanate, lithium tetraborate, lithium metasilicate, the mixture of one or more in LiMn2O4, lithium tartrate, citric acid three lithiums partially.
4, lithium ion cell positive as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, it is lithium salt solution to be sprayed on positive plate surface or pole piece is immersed in the lithium salt solution that lithium salts is introduced lithium ion cell positive, then pole piece is carried out vacuumize; Or above-mentioned lithium salts is blended in the anode sizing agent, and then be uniformly coated on the plus plate current-collecting body.
5, lithium ion cell positive as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described plus plate current-collecting body is a metal material, preferred aluminium foil.
6, lithium ion cell positive as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, it is lithium transition-metal oxide that described positive active material contains the manganese shown in the formula 1, or the mixture of one or more in the lithium transition-metal oxide shown in the formula 1, formula 2, formula 3:
Formula 1:Li
1+xM
yMn
2-yO
4
In the formula ,-0.1≤x≤0.2,0≤y≤1.0, M is at least a in the elements such as lithium, boron, magnesium, aluminium, titanium, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, yttrium, fluorine, iodine, sulphur;
Formula 2:Li
mNi
nCo
1-nO
2
In the formula, 0.9≤m≤1.1,0≤n≤1.0
Formula 3:Li
aL
bMn
1-bO
2
In the formula, 0.9≤a≤1.1,0≤b≤1.0, L is at least a in the elements such as cobalt, nickel.
7, lithium ion cell positive as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the preferred content of lithium salts is 0.1～5% of a positive active material weight.
8, a kind of lithium ion battery that adopts the described positive pole of claim 1, it comprises positive pole, barrier film, negative pole and nonaqueous electrolytic solution, it is characterized in that, described positive pole is to contain lithium salts in the slurry of the positive plate of lithium ion battery or making positive pole, and lithium salt content is 0.01～15% of a positive active material weight.
9, lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described lithium salts contains at least two lithium ions.
10, lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that described lithium salts is lithium phosphate, phosphoric acid hydrogen two lithiums, lithium sulfate, lithium sulfite, lithium molybdate, lithium oxalate, lithium titanate, lithium tetraborate, lithium metasilicate, the mixture of one or more in LiMn2O4, lithium tartrate, citric acid three lithiums partially.
11, lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, it is lithium salt solution to be sprayed on positive plate surface or pole piece is immersed in the lithium salt solution that lithium salts is introduced lithium ion cell positive, then pole piece is carried out vacuumize; Or above-mentioned lithium salts is blended in the anode sizing agent, and then be uniformly coated on the plus plate current-collecting body.
12, lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, the preferred content of lithium salts is 0.1～5% of a positive active material weight.
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