CN1777748A

CN1777748A - Anti-detonation fuel delivery system.

Info

Publication number: CN1777748A
Application number: CNA2004800074601A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吉勒斯·德理塞尔
Original assignee: Better Burn LLC
Current assignee: Better Burn LLC
Priority date: 2003-03-19
Filing date: 2004-01-27
Publication date: 2006-05-24
Anticipated expiration: 2024-01-27
Also published as: EP1611337A4; EP1611337A1; CA2519355A1; WO2004094810A1; CN100434686C; AU2004233193A1

Abstract

The present invention provides an apparatus sealably incorporating a fuel metering device and fuel processing device [200, 200a, 200b] for producing a stabilized fog of fuel droplets sized 50 microns and less that when mixed with combustion air burn completely, reduce or eliminate detonation (knock) in internal combustion engines and reduce fuel octane requirements. The apparatus [200, 200a, 200b] may include a carrier gas reservoir [216, 216a] closed to external carrier gasses. A heater [205] may be employed to flash into vapor a portion of the liquid fuel to develop a carrier gas. In embodiments for jet or turbine engines, bleed gas from the engine may be used to provide carrier gas through a fuel processor [254], or the fuel may be heated -by -heater [260] to flash some of the fuel into vapor to provide carrier gas through the fuel processor to produce the stabilized fog of fuel droplets.

Description

The fuel supply system of anti-detonation

The cross reference of related application

The application is the part continuation application of the unsettled PCT application PCT/US03/08635 that submitted on March 19th, 2003; PCT application PCT/US03/08635 has required the preference of No. the 10/101st, 250, the unsettled U.S. Patent application submitted on March 19th, 2002.

Technical field

The present invention relates to fuel supply system, and be specifically related to a kind of like this fuel supply system, promptly this fuel supply system comprises a fuel nozzle, and this fuel nozzle comprises a star pipe ^TM, this system provides and has been of a size of 50 microns or mist littler and that mainly form in the fuel droplet of 10-30 micrometer range, makes the generation of vapour become minimum simultaneously.

Background technique

A large amount of known methods is arranged; the reciprocal internal combustion engine and other compression type engines that are used for such as four stroke cycle engine, diesel motor, 2 stroke engines, Wankel formula engine produce fuel-air mixture, and much these methods have all obtained patent protection.Yet just known to the applicant, many methods of announcing in the past except diesel oil and ramjet, all attempt to produce the fuel vapor of thoroughly mixing with air.In many methods in these methods, fuel is heated, and is heated to the boiling point near fuel in some example, to convert the fuel into gas before fuel is incorporated into burning cavity.Nearly all generation that makes fuel droplet reaches minimum and makes the generation of fuel vapor reach maximum effort, and all based on such conviction, that is, the fuel droplet in the fuel/air mixture has caused inefficient burning, and has produced the more multi-pollutant in the waste gas.In most of engines, the fuel that ejects from vaporizer or fueling charger is injected into the influent stream manifold of engine.

In gasoline engine, provide fuel wherein to be in a major defect of the stoichiometry fuel/air mixture of steam state, be the mixture that stripping has supplied a kind of easy blast.Be enough to the temperature of fuel/air mixture is increased under the situation of the temperature that is equal to or higher than its ignition point when being carried in of an engine produced in the burning cavity, this will have problems.This can make fuel/air mixture explode immediately (rather than along outside direction equably burn from spark plug), " detonation " in usually said " pinking " that Here it is or the old engine, it is owing to the piston bearing that is connecting bar is gained the name with the bent axle Strike note that produces that clashes under the effect of the power of blast.Can imagine that such situation is destructive to bearing and other parts of engine, and can shorten engine life widely.Be the application's purpose, " pinking " and " detonation " all be used to represent fuel vapor/air mixture be different from controlled combustion, with explosive like a kind of situation.

When gasoline just from such as vaporizer or fueling charger when being injected into the engine manifold, the drop of all sizes has all entered burning cavity.At this, the applicant finds, can perfect combustion greater than about 50 microns fuel droplet, thus produced unburned hydrocarbon pollution thing.For diesel oil and jet fuel, partial combustion has also produced the carbon granule pollutant except gaseous contaminant.

Summary of the invention

In the present invention, the mist that mainly is limited in 50 microns or littler fuel droplet by size has constituted the propellant composition of fuel/air mixture; According to the present invention, such equipment is provided, the fuel of the metering that to be it provided by a fueling charger, fuel valve (or other nozzles) or any other fuel metering device is processed into the gas mist that drips and have the grain that suspends having of minimum vapour that has less than 50 micron diameters.As will be described, purpose of the present invention is to make the work pollutant more effective, that produce of other engines of compressing such as the internal combustion engine of four stroke cycle engine, diesel motor, 2 stroke engines, Wankel formula engine with to air/fuel mixture that former contingent detonation still less and not take place.It is slower than the fuel vapor/air mixture of blasting to have been found that diameter is approximately equal to or less than 50 microns the velocity of combustion of fuel droplet, but the bigger liquid fuel droplet that is provided than the traditional fuel supply system that uses at present is faster.In addition, have been found that the fuel droplet that these are less, when thoroughly mixing, burn more to meet stoichiometric mode than bigger fuel droplet with air.It is believed that bigger fuel droplet can exhaust the oxygen in the microenvironment around it before the perfect combustion, thereby produce the unburned hydrocarbon pollution thing in the waste gas.On the contrary, diameter is less than about 50 microns fuel droplet, because its very little size, the oxygen around when burning, can consuming in a kind of stoichiometric mode, thus make clean fuel/air mixture heap(ed) capacity in the burning cavity by fully, rapidly and do not have that hydrocarbon pollution thing ground is burned to be fallen.Also thinkablely be, because fuel (is called as " star pipe in this application by initial injection to a sealing, that comprise a eddy current initiating device substantially pipe in one embodiment of the invention ^TM") in, the saturated further vaporization that has stoped fuel droplet of the vapour of the air in this pipe, thus in the process that fuel droplet is advanced by this pipe, mechanically rather than in the mode of vaporizing make the size of fuel droplet obtain reducing.At this, fuel and particularly gasoline and other volatile fuel under the pressure of burning line, discharged and through the influent stream valve opened and near the piston being exposed to move downward the partial vacuum that is produced the time, in the fuel light, have more volatile composition and vaporize immediately and increased the interior hydrocarbon vapor pressure of this pipe, thereby suppressed the further vaporization of fuel droplet.In addition, because the cooling that rapid expansion caused of the light composition of the vaporization of fuel, cool off and stablized the star pipe ^TMEnclosed environment in fuel droplet.This fuel is subjected to the star pipe subsequently ^TMIn the machine treatment of eddy current initiating device, reach enough little size up to these, thereby under the situation of the fuel saturated air that regional area is arranged, advance towards burning cavity.Fuel/air mixture is thoroughly mixed to be incorporated in the burning cavity during by the influent stream valve at it and is compressed, and has caused the burning rapidly and uniformly of fuel.

Except above-mentioned, it is also known that when a cold engine was activated, 1/5 the fuel of only having an appointment was burned.Only in this engine heat after, it can be with stoichiometric mode combustion fuel.Between warming up period, the amount of the unburned hydrocarbon pollution thing that engine produced will be much larger than the good engine of preheating.The applicant's fuel processing system has also reduced this pollutant that is produced by cold engine widely by the air/fuel mixture that burning rapidly and fully is provided.

Directly inject the engine of engine such as diesel oil or other, also can obtain advantage from being processed into 50 microns or the littler fuel that drips.At this, the gas mist that has the grain that suspends with 50 microns or littler diesel fuel that drips, burner oil than bigger is burnt and easier igniting quickly, and this fuel fog has improved efficient and has reduced unburned hydrocarbon pollution thing and particle in the waste gas of diesel motor.In addition, such ignition quality makes it possible to adopt and more meets stoichiometric diesel fuel/AIR Proportional.Similarly; turbo machine or other ramjets also can obtain advantage from being of a size of 50 microns or the littler fuel that drips the mist form of forming, and such engine usually can since poor fuel management particularly afterbunring device mode of operation become the generation source of unburned hydrocarbons pollutant and particle.These droplet burnings get faster and easier igniting.This makes the burning of jet fuel more meet stoichiometry, has reduced particle and the hydrocarbon pollution thing in the waste gas, has improved the efficient of engine, even can prolong the life-span of ramjet.

According to above-mentioned, one object of the present invention provides a kind of fuel supply system, and it becomes to comprise the fuel fog of the fuel droplet with a maximum predetermined size to fuel treatment.Another object of the present invention, provide a kind of equipment that is used to generate fuel/air mixture, wherein this fuel has a kind of form of mist, and this mist constitutes by being of a size of 50 microns or littler dripping on big as far as possible degree, and the vapour in this fuel is few as much as possible.A further object of the present invention, thus provide as single integral unit or assembly, have the star pipe of suitable size as a kind of a kind of sealing that directly substitutes of traditional fueling charger ^TMWith fueling charger or other fuel nozzles.By reading the following description book, be appreciated that other purposes of the present invention.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic representation of fuel supply system of the present invention under its working environment;

Fig. 1 a is a schematic representation, has shown the details of the structure relevant with a different embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 1 b is a schematic representation, has shown the details of the structure relevant with an alternative embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a star pipe of the present invention ^TMAn embodiment's sectional view;

Fig. 2 a is a star pipe that receives a fueling charger ^TMThe view of an end;

Fig. 2 b is the sectional view that shows the details of an alternative embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 3 is the top view of a star rotation-shear plate of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the side view of star rotation-shear plate shown in Figure 3;

Fig. 5 is the sectional view of star rotation-shear plate, has shown the details of operation;

Fig. 6 is equipped with star pipe of the present invention ^TMThe cylinder of a diesel motor and the cross-sectional schematic of burning cavity;

Fig. 7 is the star pipe ^TM, air storage area and fuel metering valve be integrated into the one embodiment of the present of invention in the single integrated unit;

Fig. 7 a is a star pipe ^TM, a littler air storage area and a fuel-metering system be integrated into an another embodiment of the present invention in the single integrated unit;

Fig. 7 b is another embodiment of the present invention, wherein a star pipe ^TMBe integrated in the single integrated unit with a fuel metering valve and do not have independent air storage area, and carrier gas is by the star pipe ^TMInterior air provides.

Fig. 8 shows a star pipe ^TMHow to be installed into a schematic representation in the ramjet;

Fig. 8 a shows a star pipe ^TMBe installed into the schematic representation of an another kind of mode in the ramjet.

Embodiment

The basic principle of operation of the present invention relates to a kind of fuel fog is provided, and this fuel fog comprises fuel droplet, and this fuel droplet has from the maximum predetermined size of about 50 micron diameters little of the size just greater than the sub-micron fuel particle that is considered to vapour usually.Though in some fuel, for example in gasoline, because the high volatile volatile of the light composition of fuel and can't avoid the generation of some vapour, what still can be sure of is that the fuel vapor saturation region of a feature by a cooling producing fuel fog wherein and be transferred of the applicant's system makes the generation of fuel vapor drop to minimum and to greatest extent fuel remained on state, the cooling in this district and the saturated further vaporization of having stablized fuel fog and having stoped fuel droplet of drop.Under this state, dripping of known mist is stable especially, and diffusion is the main mode of droplets dissipate.At this, the surface tension of the fuel droplet in such fuel fog also is believed to be helpful in the vaporization that stops fuel droplet and dissipates burned up to these.

In a embodiment the most basic of the present invention, and as shown in Figure 1, throttling bodies or influent stream manifold 1 have been provided a device 2, and this device 2 can receive from the liquid fuel of a fuel pot 3 and the petrolift 4 of being correlated with and this fuel treatment and become about 50 microns or littler of diameter.These add in internal combustion engine or the introducing air stream such as any other device of the fuel that can advantageously adopt this form of heater or stove with forms of mist.Can be sent back to jar 3 through pipeline 6 greater than dripping of about 50 microns equidimensions.This oversize drip can be in a vortex or other controlled flow path by centrifugal force and separated, also can adopt have can allow less drip by and catch the screen net of the bigger mesh that drips.As described, have been found that the mist be made up of 50 microns or littler fuel droplet gets faster more cleaning than the combustion of fuel injected that traditional fueling charger or vaporizer provide, and be with a kind of controlled way burning.In fact, such fuel fog has stoped in the engine of the higher compression of the octane fuel of having relatively high expectations the detonation than low ron fuel unexpectedly, as will be described further.

According to the applicant's system, the device outside the equipment that can specifically note with the applicant produces fuel fog, these device such as piezoelectric atomizer, receive the pottery sieve of pressurized fuel, such as SIMPLEX ^TMThe employing ink-jet of the special nozzle of nozzle and LASKIN nozzle, the atomizer of calming the anger, rotary cup type atomizer, similar ink discharge device or the device of bubble jet technology, desinsection spray nozzle and other nozzles are (such as the SPRAYTRON that can obtain from the CHARGEDINJECTION CORPORATION company of New Jersey ^TMThe type nozzle).These replacement device can be set in a throttling bodies or the influent stream manifold, and can have or not have the designed star pipe of the inventor ^TMIn addition, also have such as the NEBUROTOR that can obtain from the IGEBAGERAETEBAU CORPORATION company of Germany ^TMDevice.This device has adopted the rotor blade of motor driven to come liquid fuel is broken into the drop of desirable size.Yet, may be desirable be the benefit that in the environment of a sealing, produces and the cooling saturated of this fuel fog with the vapour that utilizes the environment that wherein produces this fuel fog.Therefore, these devices can be installed in the pipe or shell of some form that is connected with described introducing air stream.The applicant's star pipe ^TMOther application comprised spraying pigment, sprayed other application that Insecticides (tech) ﹠ Herbicides (tech) or chemical fertilizer, powder coated and hope are divided into liquid the drop of more uniform preliminary dimension.Further, the generation of this drop mist can be by carrying with conduct and handling by the star pipe ^TMThe delivery of drop or the gas of transported substance combine, and advantageously accomplished.An example of this processing is that wherein a kind of product is formed by binary compound, and wherein a kind of compound is a liquid and another kind is gas or vapour.At this, utilize the applicant's star pipe ^TM, the mixing of these two kinds of compounds almost can take place immediately and be to take place in very uniform mode.A kind of like this being applied in can be useful in the drug manufacture, and a kind of liquid precursor of its Chinese traditional medicine is used the gas such as hydrogen or oxygen to handle.In this application, this gas and liquid precursor can pass through a star pipe ^TMApply with stoichiometric ratio, and in currently used method this gas just with the form of bubble by comprising the solution of this liquid precursor.

The applicant's star pipe ^TMThe size of the drop that is produced obtains by a kind of Laboratory Furniture measuring, wherein as at this star pipe of announcing ^TMBe set in the simulated throttle body of making by a kind of transparent material with a relevant fueling charger.An aspirator is used to make air to introduce the flow of air stream by described simulated throttle body with representative.Traditional laser interference device is measured the sort of of pesticide drop size such as being used to, and is used to measure from the star pipe ^TMThe size of the fuel droplet of going out.As described, maximum fuel droplet size is found to be about 50 microns, and most drop is in the scope of 10-30 micron.

In a specific embodiment of the present invention, and as an example, the part of the introducing air stream of the influent stream manifold by an engine can be shunted with being used for and becomes the fuel treatment of being sprayed by one or more fueling charger 50 microns of sizes and littler drop so that fuel fog to be provided.This embodiment has adopted two or more a plurality of dish, and is each star pipe ^TMAdopt five dishes generation have in the most scope about the 10-30 micron and 50 microns be best results on the mist of maximum sized drop size.Each dish all has a central opening, a series of seam or blade from this central opening along extending radially outwardly, and each blade along the angle of circumference setting so that the introducing air stream of shunting and fuel droplet rotation.Seam between the blade forces air and fuel droplet along the flow path by the seam between described central opening and the blade along with the increase of the distance of central opening and restrain.For the application's purpose, these plates are called as " star rotation-shear plate " or abbreviate " starboard " as.In addition, though some embodiment in this announcement has adopted traditional fueling charger or similar device, but it should be understood that fueling charger just is used for the metering valve of liquid fuel, and provide any fuel measuring apparatus of a selected amount of fuel can the replacing fuel injection syringe and with the applicant's star pipe ^TMBe used in combination.

At this, fueling charger can be by any other fuel management device, as a cam-actuated piston, a solenoid-actuated piston or a variable speed petrolift, replace.Such petrolift can be specially adapted to the ramjet of turbo machine or other types.In addition, above-mentioned any device can be used alone with generation be used for introduce that air stream mixes mutually, be used at an internal combustion engine burnt fuel mist, and preferably should be installed in a shell that described introducing air stream is connected in to carry out saturated to the environment that wherein produces described fuel fog and cooling.

The blade of starboard produces eddy current in flow path, mechanically make fuel be divided into littler drop.In these combinations on, the path of rotation or spiral has produced the centrifugal force on fuel droplet, forces them at the star pipe ^TMIn move along radially outward, they have passed through the narrow part of the seam between the blade there, and stronger at this narrow part place eddy current, thereby make bigger dripping be fractured into littler drop.Passing through each star pipe at drop ^TMAnd become more and more hour, centrifugal and shearing force has overcome the surface tension in the liquid fuel droplet, up to reached a balance between the surface tension of centrifugal and shearing force and drop.Therefore, this mixture can have around the star pipe ^TMA kind of eddy current rotation that causes of axle, and because the rotation that causes by blade.Leaving the star pipe ^TMAfterwards, the gas mist that has the grain that suspends that is produced is provided for the remaining part of introducing air stream, and this fuel/air mixture is introduced into burning cavity.

In addition, and for the engine that uses gasoline, utilize the gasoline that adopts in the engine of fueling charger under bigger pressure (normally 30PSI scope), to be provided for this fueling charger.At this star pipe ^TMIn, the composition that some of gasoline are low weight such as pentane and hexane, and some heptane, has been transformed into vapour rapidly when being released and be exposed to the vacuum of influent stream manifold under the pressure of burning line.This provides duration of work to the star pipe ^TMThe cooling of interior environment.Such cooling has stoped the further vaporization of fuel droplet, and at fuel fog by the star pipe ^TMThe time make fuel fog stable.Such cooling greater than utilize traditional fueling charger itself the cooling that can obtain because such traditional fuel injection syringe provides drop the big and less burner oil of vaporizing, and be in the environment of an opening, and do not resemble at a star pipe ^TMThe environment of base closed in.Though some cooling of fuel fog is considered to favourable under normal operating temperature, fuel is particularly such as may the needing to be heated carrying out than heavy fuel and suitable flow or a kind of carrier gas is provided of diesel fuel, as will be further explained in cold weather.In addition, fuel can be heated, and has reached its normal operating temperature up to engine, and this helps to reduce cold engine produced pollution thing.

As described, method and apparatus described here has produced a kind of stable fuel fog, and this makes the Fuel Petroleum with lower octane value nominal can unexpectedly be used in the high compression engine of the octane value nominal of having relatively high expectations originally rather than detonation takes place.In the present invention, for gasoline, it is believed that the degree that the engine detonation reduces or eliminates depends on the degree that fuel droplet is controlled substantially.As described, in the microenvironment of anoxic, burn, caused the generation of distinctive power loss and hydrocarbon by-product under " richness " fuel condition greater than about about 50 microns fuel droplet.On the other hand, if generated too many vapour, the increase of engine compression or because compression ratio spontaneous detonation (detonation) of engine when vapour can load owing to engine greater than the value of the octane value nominal defined of fuel.As described, the result that experience derives shows that the acceptable fuel droplet size of spark ignition engine is 50 microns of diameters or is less to little of the size just greater than the sub-micron fuel particle that is considered to vapour usually.In this scope, the drop size between about about 10-30 micron shows as the best.

The applicant's star pipe is being housed ^TMAnd waste gas by a traditional engine controller closely in the engine of monitoring, the star pipe ^TMMore complete, the quicker and more effective burning that is caused makes engine controller provide near stoichiometric fuel/air mixture and loads.By contrast, provide the traditional fueling charger or the carburetor-type devices of the burner oil that comprises bigger drop to produce the unburned hydrocarbon in the waste gas, this makes engine controller reduce the fuel in the fuel-air loading again, produced poor, less than stoichiometric mixture, make the engine can not produce the power of nominal.

In having the modern engine of monitoring exhaust gas products, through the star pipe with the computer of the fuel quantity of the air of determining to offer introducing and detector system ^TMAnd the above-mentioned gas or the vapour that add to the air of introducing are compensated by engine controller, fuel/air mixture is remained on the level near stoichiometric ratio.Further, each burning cavity all has the occasion of a fueling charger therein, and the manifold of a kind of market (aftermarket), back or OEM can have suitable setting and hold fueling charger and corresponding star pipe with a near position each injection port of burning cavity ^TM, and can cast or install a suction port in influent stream manifold inside or independently introduce air passageways with the guiding proper proportion the introducing air by the star pipe ^TMPerhaps, can use, to keep or to help to keep near stoichiometric fuel/air mixture or increase or to reduce by the star pipe such as the computer control of engine controller a certain amount of gas or vapour as carrier gas ^TMThe change of the air stream introduced with compensation of moving gas stream, as when accelerator pedal is stepped on more or less.In addition, can be for by the star pipe ^TMMoving gas stream this increase and reduce to adopt the mechanical linking device that is coupled with control valve unit.

Become in the gasoline engine of " poor burning " engine in specialized designs, in fuel/air mixture loads, mixed excessive air.In these engines, quicker and complete under other situations of combustion ratio of the fuel fog of forming by 50 microns or littler drop.Therefore, by the star pipe ^TM, these engine work get more effective and the pollutant that produces still less, and few or do not have a detonation.

As described herein, Fig. 1 a has shown a star pipe with the form of example ^TMA kind of embodiment of 10.The star pipe ^TMBetween the 10 traditional fueling charger 12 and injection port 14 that are installed in the throttling bodies 16 (dotted line), or be installed in the port near an influent stream manifold of each influent stream valve of an internal combustion engine, perhaps under the situation of two stroke engines, be installed in the influent stream port.Traditionally, a fueling charger 12 matches with an injection port 14, thereby provides burner oil to introducing air as shown in arrow 18, that flow through this throttling bodies and influent stream manifold.As shown, star pipe ^TMAn end B of 10 is configured to the injection end of a fueling charger port with reception fueling charger 12, and the star pipe ^TMThe other end A be configured to a fueling charger end can being installed in the fuel injection port 14, and this fuel injection port 14 is to receive fueling charger in other cases.In some engine of producing at present, in each port of a throttling bodies, more than one fueling charger is installed, this throttling bodies provides fuel to all cylinders of engine.In the case, provide a star pipe for each corresponding injection syringe ^TMThe introducing air 18 that flows through throttling bodies (or influent stream manifold) 16 enters the star pipe ^TMEnd B on opening 0 in, producing a carrier gas flow, this carrier gas flow produces described eddy current and shearing force so that fuel droplet is smashed mist formation.In other engines of fueling charger that is useful on each burning cavity and corresponding injection port, these ports are usually located near a corresponding influent stream port or the valve the influent stream manifold, and the fueling charger body is installed in outside this influent stream manifold.At this, as described, the star pipe ^TMEnd A can be configured to a fueling charger matching with the fueling charger port, and the other end B can be configured to a fueling charger port to receive the injection end of a fueling charger.In the case, the part of air of introducing can be conducted through the star pipe ^TMTo produce by the star pipe ^TMA motion air stream, perhaps can provide and independently a kind of mutually carrier gas of the air stream of this introducing.This carrier gas can be separated with the air stream of introducing, and can be the inert gas such as the atmospheric gas of the nitrogen of drying or filtration, or such as the combustible gas of propane or butane.Doing with propane and butane under the situation of carrier gas, because the higher octane value nominal of propane and butane, comprising the octane value nominal that the fuel/air mixture of the liquid fuel of low octane rating nominal loads and advantageously improved.In other embodiments, carrier gas can be or comprise a kind of oxidizing gas such as nitrogen oxides that it can be by the star pipe ^TMAnd provide, this stream have sufficiently high flow with produce fuel droplet machinery be broken into the size that has in the above-mentioned prespecified range than the eddy current of droplet and these fuel particles from the star pipe ^TMDrain.When an external source provides a moving gas stream, this gas stream can be continuous, or utilizes the on-off signal that offers fueling charger and with the mode pulse of on-off, and the delay of a weak point can be arranged so that fuel droplet can be by from the star pipe ^TMRemove.Similarly, this part of introducing air stream can correspondingly be switched by on-off with the fuel impulse from fueling charger.

As shown in the embodiment of Fig. 1 b, gas source 22 can be by a metering valve 24 and the star pipe of sealing ^TMBe coupled and can be in response to being encouraged by on-off to the signal of fueling charger.The gas that annular hollow collar 20 receives from valve 24, and can be open bottom it, perhaps can have and the star pipe ^TMThe inside opening 0 that is connected of last the inner.Injection syringe 12 be installed in closed mode on this opening of annulus 20 and with the star pipe ^TMInside be connected.As described, valve 24 can discharge gas pulses explicitly with being subjected to encouraging the fueling charger to discharge burner oil.In other examples, such as in the ramjet of turbo machine and other types, this gas can flow explicitly Continuous Flow with the continuous metering fuel from the fuel nozzle of ramjet and cross the star pipe ^TMIn this embodiment, referring to Fig. 8, fuel source 250 and a petrolift 252 are coupled, and petrolift 252 provides to the star pipe ^TM254 burner oil; The star pipe ^TM254 configuration is identical with shown in Fig. 1 b basically, just this star pipe ^TMStructure be for turbo machine and ramjet optimization and use the material that is consistent with ramjet design to make.At this, the star pipe ^TM254 can be installed in the general location at the fuel nozzle place of ramjet on the burning cavity 256.A spot of compressor bleed air can be taken out from the compressor section 258 of ramjet and as carrier gas through the star pipe ^TMAnd be applied in, shown in Fig. 1 b.In having the ramjet of many fuel nozzles, for each fuel nozzle all is provided with a star pipe ^TMIn some example, can adopt a different compressed gas source, such as ram-air.In addition, and as mentioned above, a kind of gas with favourable or selected character, such as nitrogen oxides, can be by temporarily as part or all of carrier gas, so that interim power ascension to be provided, perhaps, can reduce or a kind of gas of pollution abatement can be included in the place that throws into question with the pollution at ramjet in the carrier gas temporarily and promote burning more completely temporarily.In addition, when being exposed to the heat of burning cavity, can become some liquid of vapour rapidly,, can be used to produce carrier gas such as alcohol.Other gases or the liquid (such as water) that can have favorable properties also can continue or be used provisionally.Ideally, but be not definitely, the gas-fuel ratio in jet or turbine engine should be such, and promptly the fuel/air mixture ratio is too high and can not be at the star pipe ^TMInternal combustion, and will produce dense jet fuel mist, this fuel fog can be realized with the existing burner oil management method than ramjet more effective and completely mode burn.In addition, optimization drop size jet or turbine engine can be different from the drop size of spark ignition engine.At this, can be by the bigger star pipe that has more or less star rotation-shear plate be provided ^TMWith the size of regulating central opening and seam, and regulate the drop size that is used for jet or turbine engine.This adjusting of the size of starboard and pipe also is suitable for other engines and fuel.At this, less seam and more starboard can produce less fuel droplet, and bigger seam and less plate produce bigger drop.In addition, flow through the star pipe ^TMThe flow rate effect drop size of carrier gas, flowing faster produces less drop and the slower bigger drop of mobile generation.Fig. 8 a has shown a star pipe that is installed in the ramjet ^TM254, this star pipe wherein ^TMExternal carrier gas is sealed.At this, fuel flows through a heater 260, and this heater 260 is heated by the combustion temperature in the burning cavity 256 of ramjet.Be subjected to such heating, a part of fuel is being added to the star pipe ^TMBecame vapour when last fast, thereby provide the remaining part that makes liquid fuel by the star pipe ^TMCarrier gas.

By in ramjet, adopting the star pipe ^TMAnd convert the fuel into mist, thereby fuel obviously can be controlled produce more effective with meet stoichiometric burning, and then raise the efficiency, reduce pollutant and fuel saving.

In a further embodiment,, have been found that outside carrier gas is optional such as in gasoline engine, and by the star pipe ^TMMoving gas stream by ambient gas or star pipe ^TMInterior air provides, and perhaps light composition by the liquid fuel that becomes vapour fast providing.Do not provide among the embodiment of external carrier gas at these, have been found that fast transition is that the light composition of Fuel Petroleum of vapour is the star pipe ^TMInterior environment cools is between about Fahrenheit 35-45 degree.As described, this is stablized fuel fog.In addition, to help to make the light composition fast transition of fuel be vapour to the vacuum that produces of engine.At this, because burner oil is provided by fueling charger, relevant piston begins its advancing in the influent stream stroke downwards, has produced partial vacuum in the influent stream manifold, and this vacuum is by the star pipe ^TMIn air body experience.Advance downwards when increasing owing to piston continues it in this partial vacuum, air and fuel vapor are outwards inhaled together with the fuel droplet from fueling charger, and fuel droplet is pulled through the star pipe ^TMAfter the influent stream valve cut out, this partial vacuum disappeared, and makes the air in the influent stream manifold can reenter the star pipe ^TMCertainly, this effect is to be additional to the fuel vapor of described any generation, and carrier gas flow is had contribution.This embodiment is useful in retrofit application, because only need to install the star pipe of a sealing between each fueling charger and corresponding ports thereof ^TMIn all examples, the star pipe ^TMInstall and support by support or other similar structure (dotted line among Fig. 1 a) with the fueling charger assembly, should be appreciated that as those skilled in the art.

Again referring to Fig. 1 a, and as mentioned above, the star pipe ^TMIn 10 throttling bodies or influent stream manifold 16 that can be installed between a corresponding fueling charger and the relevant injection port.Usually, liquid fuel is pumped to a high pressure fuel pump 28 in the magnitude of about 30PSI and so on by the low-pressure fuel pump 26 in the fuel pot, and this high pressure fuel pump 28 produces fuel pressure and flowing to fueling charger 12 as shown in a conventional manner.Fueling charger 12 produces the pulse of burner oil under the control of an engine controller (not shown), and this engine controller is determined the endurance and the sequential of fuel impulse.The pulse of the fuel of these injections is directly feed into the star pipe ^TMIn 10, the fuel of Pen Sheing is processed into the fuel fog that 50 microns of diameters or littler drop are formed there, and is fed into other zones that described throttling bodies, influent stream manifold or fuel can suitably be injected subsequently.The star pipe ^TMThis fuel fog that is produced and introducing air are sent to a burning cavity (not shown) subsequently.The fuel of presenting to described fueling charger can be adjusted to a constant pressure according to traditional approach by fuel pressures regulator 30; This fuel pressures regulator 30, by by a return line 32 fuel under high pressure being turned back to fuel pot 34 together with any vapour that has formed in high pressure supply line or burning line as shown in arrow 36ly, and discharge excessive pressure with controllable mode.Certainly, and as described, can be the star pipe ^TM10 replace all devices shown in Figure 1 and that describe, preferably with introduce the enclosed environment that air stream is connected.

Fig. 2 has shown a star pipe ^TM10 cross-sectional view.Receiving a star pipe that injects end 38 of fueling charger ^TMAn end B, can have an opening 41 as one of Fig. 2 a institute magnifying show lid or other parts 40; Opening 41 can be gradually thin, is complementary with a gradually thin part with fuel injection end 38.Locate around being positioned at injection end 38 on the lid 40, a plurality of openings 0 (shown is 9) are arranged, these openings 0 can have suitable size and think that concrete engine processing is by the star pipe ^TMAir stream.Though announced a plurality of openings 0, also can adopt the opening of other sizes and type.For example, as shown in Fig. 2 b, can provide round a single annular opening 37 of the end 38 of fueling charger 12, it may be outwards to the star pipe ^TMInternal diameter, perhaps can be at the star pipe ^TMEnd B go up to form the less opening 0 of number.As described, these openings also can be omitted, and injection syringe and lid are closed and be formed up to the star pipe ^TMA closed end.In this embodiment, star pipe ^TMVolume inside formed gas and fuel vapor storage area, it provides in response to the flowing of the suction of the piston of influent stream stroke, and the light composition fast transition of fuel is a vapour.In some example, the star pipe ^TMDiameter can strengthen, perhaps its length is extended, thus at the star pipe ^TMIn form bigger gas/vapor storage area.

In the example of Fig. 2, shown in one 350 cubic inches displacement engine, using the star pipe of constructing ^TMIn a kind of popular traditional model of this engine, four fueling chargers have been installed in the port in the air stream of the throttling bodies that is located immediately at engine.Using the star pipe ^TMDuring repacking, these fueling chargers and star pipe ^TMInstall and support by support (the with dashed lines signal shows in the drawings), thereby a star pipe all is installed between each fueling charger and fueling charger port ^TMUtilize the star pipe of the part of introducing air stream as carrier gas ^TMEmbodiment in the time of in being installed in a throttling bodies, can show better, this be since the action of low-voltage pulse that the influent stream stroke of piston is produced owing to the distance between influent stream valve and the throttling bodies has been attenuated.By contrast, sealing star pipe ^TMCan work finely with near the relevant fuel metering valve being positioned at the influent stream valve, because the star pipe ^TMIn liquid fuel/gas experience the action of low-voltage pulse relevant more consumingly with the influent stream valve of an opening.

Shown a kind of star pipe that is found good among Fig. 2 to above-mentioned 350 cubic inch engine work ^TMIn this embodiment, the external diameter of tubular portion 42 is about 1.5 inches, and about 1 inch of internal diameter is about 3 to 4 inches.Lid 40 has a plurality of (demonstration the be 9) opening 0 on the periphery of lid, and each diameter of these openings 0 all is about 0.187 inch.The diameter of the central opening 44 of lid on 40 about 0.5 inch to receive fuel injection end 38.Thereby cover the occasion that has only formed an annular opening on 40 round an opening of fuel injection end 38 therein, perhaps in the lid 40 whole occasions that are omitted, the injection syringe body will be at the star pipe ^TMOutside supported, thereby make end 38 substantially and the star pipes ^TMObtain the location coaxially.

With the tight zone of adjacent tubular portion 42 of thick about 0.250 inch lid 40, in the inboard of this tubular portion on about 0.5 inch length, can be gradually thin (as shown), think that opening 0 provides a space, and provide a feed region for the fuel that sprays from injection syringe.In addition, thisly gradually carefully compressed the air that flows through opening 0 to a certain extent, flow through the star pipe thereby advantageously improved ^TMThe speed of air.Perhaps, this star pipe ^TMCan make with thinner material.Like this, the fuel that sprays from fueling charger is introduced into the star pipe with an air stream earlier ^TMThat the fuel droplet of this air stream and injection runs into subsequently is a plurality of (demonstration be 5) eddy current initiating device, the i.e. star rotation-shear plate 46 that is provided with at a distance of about 0.75 inch ground series connection each other is apart from apart about 0.75 inch of the inner transformation part of the nearest starboard of injection syringe and thin part gradually.As described, this space, and the space between the star rotation-shear plate have to a certain extent formed its culminant star pipe ^TMIn air and the fuel vapor storage area (under the situation that does not have opening 0) that constitutes carrier gas.

These starboards, edge that can be by each plate and the interference fit of the inboard of pipe, by along the flange of the internal surface structure of the pipe that plate leaned on or supporting portion, by plate engaging in pipe, by fixture or by plate being fixed on any means known in managing, and be installed in the pipe, as in Fig. 2 by piece 48 representatives.Further, in order to deal with plate at the star pipe ^TMIn unexpectedly loosening situation, the star pipe ^TMOne end of the most close influent stream manifold ports or throttle body port can be narrower slightly or be had other structure, thereby star rotation-shear plate is not drawn onto in the influent stream manifold.

Each all has multiple opening (Fig. 3) star rotation-shear plate 46, these openings be about 0.5 an inch central opening 50 of diameter and a plurality of (being 6 in this example) be connected with central opening 50 and from central opening 50 along the spoke shape that the narrows down seam or the opening 52 that extend radially outwardly.As shown in Figure 3, opening 52 can be than broad at central opening 50 places, and along with converging to a point 54, point 54 about 50% to 85% places that are positioned at along the diameter that radially is in plate 46 with the increase of the distance of central opening 50.The ratio of the diameter of plate 46 and central opening 50 can be about 3 to 1, but about 1.5 to 1 all are found to be and can work up to about 5 to 1 scope.

As a feature of the present invention, Fig. 3-5 has also shown the outstanding blade 56 on the edge that is positioned at each opening 52 downwards.Blade 56 can be down with plane Cheng Congyue several years of plate to the angles of 90 degree almost, as shown in Figures 4 and 5.Yet, in one is worked good embodiment, adopted the blade angles of about 40 degree.Blade 56 with the opposed edges 58 of opening 52, is used to provide edge 60 (Fig. 5), and edge 60 produces eddy current during by a corresponding opening 52 when air stream.When the starboard 46 of fuel droplet by in succession, this eddy current is bigger fuel droplet shearing and split into less drop, up to having reached about 50 microns desirable drop size.In addition, air stream flows along identical direction because all blades 56 can suitably be orientated, and can provide by the star pipe ^TMA kind of clean rotation (being in Fig. 3) of aerosolized mixture along clockwise direction, make bigger fuel droplet since centrifugal force and outwards drift to the star pipe ^TMPeriphery, at the star pipe ^TMThe bigger fuel droplet of periphery be compelled to narrower part by opening 52, and stronger by the eddy current of this narrower part.At this, by the narrower regional this stronger eddy current that produces of opening 52, combine with edge 60 sharp-pointed or sudden change, make that bigger drop is split into less drop.Like this, the not big like that less fuel droplet of influence that is subjected to centrifugal force is passed through the part near central opening 50 of opening 52 easily, perhaps by central opening 50.

In addition, find that the angle that blade both can be upwards also can be downward angle, and almost be identical in the performance that bigger drop is split on the less drop.At this, except above-mentioned shear action around the edge of opening 52, the rotation that causes of the blade that extends has downwards caused by the star pipe ^TMThe axial rotation of fuel/air mixture, and upwardly extending blade has also produced by the star pipe ^TMRotation.

Though announced a kind of star rotation-shear plate, also tested other structures of the plate that opening is arranged, and found that they also can work, though slightly elementary errors is a little but still be practical degree for degree.For example, in a test, star rotation-shear plate is replaced by traditional plain washer.In this embodiment, the rotation of air stream has been eliminated, and provides in packing ring around the edge of central opening, that produce eddy current, relatively more sharp-pointed or sudden change.This embodiment's effect is about 40% of the described star rotation-shear plate that has radially the seam that extends.In another test, star rotation-shear plate is replaced by the quick attaching nut of TENON formula who disposes similarly with starboard.These work effect is about the 70-80 of star rotation-shear plate.This shows that any opening form on the plate can be used.This comprises the opening of opening, rectangular aperture, square openings or any other form of star.In addition, these openings on the plate in succession can change, thereby first plate can have a kind of opening of concrete form and can have multi-form opening on the next plate, and the rest may be inferred.In addition, have been found that the packing ring or the washer-shaped device of other types, also work well such as star formula lock packing ring (its also have similarly construct) with starboard.Be found in available to a certain extent another kind of device and be a dish or plate, to lock packing ring similar but lack central opening with the star formula for it.In one embodiment of back, fuel limit is a problem, but can improve performance than radial opening broad, outward extending, that terminate at the periphery place of plate.

Though shown the seam 52 that 6 spoke shapes are arranged in star rotation-shear plate, can adopt still less or more these seams all 3 or more according to appointment.Similarly, be found to be optimization, can adopt more or less plate, such as from 1 or 2 to 7 or the like though shown 5 starboards and 5.In addition, star pipe ^TMWith starboard can be according to the displacement of engine and the fueling charger of each cylinder/star pipe ^TMThe number of assembly and the strategic point is scaled as required.As described, more plate and less opening and seam produce less drop, and less plate and bigger opening and seam produce bigger drop.In addition, bigger flowing velocity produces less drop, and slower flowing velocity produces bigger drop.

Because the major function of fueling charger provides by the determined a selected amount of fuel of engine controller, fueling charger has been the effect in response to a variable fuel metering control valve unit of engine controller.Therefore, can come the replacing fuel injection syringe, and this response valve is in from the signal of an engine controller and Xiang Xingguan with a metering valve ^TMThe fuel of desired amount is provided, and normally sprays or pattern, and described star pipe ^TMFuel fission is become drop with about 50 microns or littler preliminary dimension.

Have been found that the occasion that has adopted carrier gas therein, by all star pipes of an engine ^TMThe carrier gas maximum can as many as by throttling bodies and influent stream manifold total introducing air stream about 5%.At any star pipe ^TMIn the system, the process that bigger drop is smashed can be smashed additive outside the selected minimum dimension (for example 1-10 micron) to drop by add restriction in fuel, and is further promoted or regulate.At this, this additive can suitably be selected increasing the surface tension of fuel droplet, thus make fuel fog minimum drop be not broken into littler drop.For example, in gasoline, add a spot of heavy oil or fuel oil, or in alcohol, add a spot of glycerine (glycerin) or castor oil, can increase surface tension or reduce the volatility of fuel, thus the formation of convenient droplet and make the generation of vapour reach minimum.

As described, when lighter fuel, such as gasoline, by from fueling charger or similarly nozzle ejection to the star pipe ^TMIn the time, fuel have more volatile composition since the pressure (can be about 30PSI etc.) from burning line or fuel system down release and be exposed to vacuum pulse near the influent stream manifold of influent stream valve, and vaporize immediately.This fast transition to vapour makes the star pipe ^TMIn environment by saturated and the cooling, thereby the further vaporization of the fuel droplet of remaining heavier composition is prevented from.Further, when being inhaled into the introducing air stream, the light composition fuel vapor that comprises heavier composition fuel droplet has formed the gas and the vapour group of an air cold, that hydrocarbon fuels is saturated, and it has been stablized the fuel droplet of heavier composition and has stoped these fuel droplet to be vaporized when being admitted to burning cavity.Therefore, in the embodiment to outside carrier gas source sealing, the loading fuel of each influent stream stroke is made of the fuel droplet (50 microns or littler) that is suspended in the airborne heavier composition fuel that gently composition fuel vapor part is saturated that is cooled.Like this vapour and the drop heavier composition, that size is restricted that fuel are divided into light composition are propagated by fuel vapor/drop/air mixture more quickly by making flame front, help more effective and fuel combustion fast.

On several testing engines, adopted the present invention, with test star pipe ^TMFeasibility, practicability and operability.For example, on a kind of such engine, adopted the present invention, and its performance on power meter is as follows:

Engine:

Chevrolet 350 CID engines, thorax hole 0.030 (bored out 0.030) is to provide about 355CID and about 10.6: 1 compression ratio.

Total experiment number: 160.

4 star pipes ^TM: (by the staged atomization device plate of star rotation enhancing) is installed on the throttling bodies,

Six star spoked openings, base is to basic: 3/4 inch.

This engine has reached peak value anti-detonation effect under the situation that adopts 5 to 7 starboards.Under the situation more than 7 plates, power begins to descend, and may be because the restriction of fuel.Under the situation of 3 starboards, its effect is still at more than 80% of effect that adopts 5 starboards.In this engine:

Starboard external diameter: 15/16 inch.

Bore: 13/16 inch.

External diameter of pipe: 1.25 inches.

Length of tube is about 4 inches

Starboard that size is littler and pipe still can tell on, but the power of engine reduces pro rata.Thereby the determining dimensions of starboard should be the function (almost being similar to engine size) by the air stream of engine.Applicable scope presents bigger adaptation leeway, but the larger area starboard is worked better in the bigger engine of displacement, and vice versa.As a general rule, when the star pipe ^TMReceive total introducing air stream by throttling bodies about 5% o'clock, they worked well.The size of one or more opening on the lid 12 around the end of fueling charger needs only the gas stream of the described pipe of not restricted passage substantially.Usually, engine is to reduce to 2500rpm from 5000rpm, and data read is undertaken by traditional engine monitoring equipment.

The engine measurement is to carry out with the interval of every 250rpm between about 4500rpm at 1500rpm.Critical detonation data appear at usually 3000 and 3500rpm between.Peak torque appear at usually 3000 and 4000rpm between.Spark is advanced and is set (there not being under the situation of detonation the words that if possible have) for the moment of the best.To C-12 (being used to set up the fuel of 108 octane value nominals of a benchmark), though spark amount of travel how (this is no more than 36 degree), all without any detonation.Utilize the octane value nominal to be about 80 gasoline, adopt the star pipe ^TMThe time peak torque under about 30 degree sparks are having the situation of detonation when advancing, do not occur usually.Adopt the star pipe ^TMAlways be equal to or better than the peak torque of C-12 and traditional fuel injection syringe with the peak torque of 80 octane value gasoline.Adopt the star pipe ^TMThe time obtain peak torque less spark advance, show that 80 octane fuel mists burn sooner than C-12.Further, have been found that and utilize the star pipe ^TMWith the gasoline of 80 octane values, under the spark of setting for peak torque was advanced the situation that the spark that is in the 28-30 degree advances, waste gas was colder, showed that how available power has been converted into mechanical energy rather than has been wasted as heat.

In aerospace applications, a ROTORWAY in a helicopter ^TMHelicopter engine star pipe ^TMRepacking has also been carried out deep test.At the star pipe ^TMThis embodiment in, these the pipe with at described Chevroet ^TMThe tubing that adopts in the engine is that they are closed all external carrier gas seemingly.This star pipe ^TMGasoline feed region be used as a gas/vapor storage area.This ROTORWAY ^TMEngine is that the fuel of 145 horsepowers of nominals injects aeronautical engine, and each cylinder of engine all has a fueling charger, and the injection end of each fueling charger is installed in just in a fueling charger port of a corresponding influent stream valve upstream.These fueling chargers are removed, and a star pipe ^TMBe installed in each fueling charger port.This fueling charger is installed in the star pipe subsequently ^TMThe other end, and as described, all external carrier gas sources are closed, thereby the little air storage area of about 3/4 " 1 " are arranged between the end of fueling charger and first starboard.In flat-out power meter test, the star pipe is housed ^TMThe ROTORWAY engine produced and surpassed 200 horsepowers, and under the full power test of this engine of traditional model, have only 145 horsepowers.In a test of spiraling of 30 minutes, the star pipe is housed ^TMThis ROTORWAY helicopter under 1/3 power throttle is set, used and be less than 3 gallons gasoline slightly, and in same 30 minutes spiral test, do not use the star pipe ^TMIdentical helicopter under 2/3 power throttle is set, used 4 gallons gasoline.Obviously, adopt the star pipe that all external carrier gas are closed ^TMThis embodiment, concerning this ROTORWAY engine, improved about 25% power and efficient at least.

Star pipe of the present invention ^TMCan also be used to wherein fuel by some diesel oil or the diesel-type engine of ignition by compression.The schematic sectional view that has shown in the case, and referring to Fig. 6, a cylinder of diesel engine and burning cavity 60.In the diesel motor of this particular type, in the head 64 of burning cavity, be provided with a swirl chamber 62 in a conventional manner, and in a piston 68, be provided with a swirl cutout part 66 in a conventional manner.Passage 70 is communicated with between swirl chamber 62 and burning cavity 72.A fueling charger 74 has been installed so that fuel is injected in the swirl chamber 62, and star pipe of the present invention ^TM76 are installed in the passage 70 to receive and are sent to burning cavity 72 from the fuel of fueling charger 74 and fuel fog.It should be noted the star pipe ^TM76 size makes its not complete filling passage 70, thereby makes that some combustion air can bypass star pipe ^TM76.As described, the star pipe that is used for diesel motor ^TMCan be adjusted with the size of starboard, be to optimize under the situation of size with the particle size beyond finding less than 50 microns, obtains different particle sizes.

The embodiment's of Fig. 6 work is as follows.In compression stroke, all combustion airs all are compressed in the swirl chamber basically.In the suitable moment, to diesel motor normally before the upper dead center 2 the degree about, fuel is injected into the star pipe ^TMIn.When fuel injects beginning, believe at the star pipe ^TMIn little burning has taken place, exhausted the oxygen in this pipe and made remaining fuel droplet can be injected into the star pipe ^TMIn.These remaining fuel droplet are subjected to the star pipe ^TMAforesaid processing, and passed through this star pipe from some gas of swirl chamber ^TM, and from this star pipe ^TMSpray and in air the burnt fuel mist through passage 70 and bypass described star pipe ^TMIn cold, engine can be by being positioned at the star pipe ^TMA traditional glowing plug 80 of 76 belows starts.

Other, specifically be applicable among the embodiment of gasoline or other spark ignition engines, and example referring to Fig. 7, in conjunction with fueling charger or fuel nozzle and star pipe formed a whole assembly 200, its on length such as the sealing fueling charger and the star pipe of the above ground combination ^TMCompacter.This is by fuel nozzle or other supply of fuel holes 212 being moved upwards up in this assembly 200 position near a burning line 230, and accomplished.The star pipe ^TM208 are suitably installed, receiving fuel end from fuel port or nozzle 212, and the star pipe ^TMThe other end be configured to can be installed in the fueling charger port of an influent stream manifold or throttling bodies 236.Assembly 200 by as O shape ring 209, and obtains the sealing of traditional approach at burning line 230 and port 238 places.Importantly, in order to provide by the star pipe ^TMMoving gas stream, can provide an air/vapor storage area 216, and itself and star pipe ^TMA top of 208 can be coupled with sealing, and nozzle or manage 212 and extend near the star pipe by storage area 216 as shown ^TMInlet a bit.In other embodiments, pipe 212 and storage area 216 can be shortened or omit fully, shortening assembly 200, and fuel directly is provided to the star pipe from metering valve ^TMIn.Such embodiment can combine employing with fuel being heated the means that are used as the vapour of carrier gas with generation, as will be described further.

Assembly 200 has the shell 202 of a hollow, and shell 202 has a port 232, and port 232 is connected with burning line 230 in closed mode, and the fuel valve of combination and star pipe ^TMAssembly 204 is installed in the shell 202.Shell 202 can have suitable structure, firmly is supported in the bonding land 206 in inside with handle component 204, though also can adopt other inner installations to be provided with, conspicuous as those skilled in the art.Between shell 202 and assembly 204, provide an armature assembly 218, and this armature assembly 218 has the magnet segment of reacting in magnetic field that solenoid 222 is produced 220.Therefore, armature assembly 218 is enhanced in response to the control electric current that is applied to solenoid 222 or reduces.The pin part 224 of a needle-valve also is connected to the top 223 of armature 218; It is to discharge a fuel stream for an inlet 226 by nozzle 212 when armature is enhanced that this needle-valve is installed.A spring 228 is pressed in armature 218 biased downward to pin 224 on the pintle valve seat 229 at inlet 226 places, and an exciting current pulse that is provided to solenoid 222 up to this armature is lifted.On the internal surface of armature 218 and shell 202, can be provided with vertically or other guiding device (not shown), thereby when armature is activated up and down, pin 224 be remained on an accurate position with respect to seat 229.As described, burning line 230 provides fuel by opening 232 to shell 202 inside, and the fuel that pressurizes from opening 232 flows to opening 226.Hydrostatics resistance when moving up and down in order to reduce armature, this armature can have opening, perhaps can have cage structure, and is conspicuous from the applicant's open institute as those skilled in the art.Further, the outer rim of armature can be shortened, and extending on described storage area hardly, thereby reduces its quality.In this example, coil 222 suitably is provided with.Conspicuous as the open institute from the applicant, described armature and fuel valve can adopt various ways, and main feature is and a star pipe ^TMThe fuel metering valve that combines, it has or does not have the air storage area, and all is the form of single, whole, compact unit.

In operation, and as described, the pulse with electric current of suitable polarity is added on the solenoid 222; This pulse can be magnitude of about 1-15 millisecond and so on and the fuel requirement of depending on engine.In response to these pulses, the biasing of armature 218 antagonistic springs 228 and being raised, thus in during of the endurance that approximates each pulse greatly, discharge fuel by opening 226.Just before each pulse or with each pulse side by side, the piston that an influent stream valve is opened and is relevant in the engine begins advancing of influent stream stroke downwards, has produced an interim vacuum pulse in the influent stream manifold.This interim vacuum pulse makes the air in the air storage area 216 (when this storage area is provided) break through the star pipe downwards ^TMWith external port 238.In addition, so interim vacuum pulse combines with the pressure in burning line, helps the light composition in the vaporized fuel, and this has produced more carrier gas and vapour as described above and has made the star pipe ^TMIn air cooling and saturated.Fuel droplet from nozzle 212 is together delivered together with the air of breaking through with the light composition of the fuel of vaporizing from storage area 216, and obtains the aforesaid processing of starboard 210.After the influent stream valve cut out, this partial vacuum pulse was eliminated, and fills with air the star pipe ^TMTherefore, in this embodiment, do not need to the star pipe ^TMProvide outside gas or air source, and whole assembly 200 can have more compact form, may be long as a traditional fueling charger.In not adopting these embodiments of external carrier gas, may be after the operating time of a weak point, particularly when the RPM of engine is higher, the fuel vapor of vibration before and after storage area 216 can be filled in each stroke of engine, and in fact the fuel vapor in the described storage area can not be eliminated.In the case, light composition in the described storage area, the environment that fuel is saturated help to stop the further vaporization of the fuel droplet of heavier composition.Certainly, when the light composition of fuel when fast transition is vapour being released under the pressure of burning line, the new fuel vapor that forms has been drained the star pipe ^TMIn remaining fuel vapor and the drop of heavier composition.

Fig. 7 a and 7b have respectively shown the similar single unit system with Fig. 7, just in Fig. 7 a storage area narrower and with the star pipe ^TMAim at.In Fig. 7 b, have only a very little storage area or do not have storage area, the star pipe ^TMBe located immediately at the fuel valve below.This embodiment on function with ROTORWAY ^TMThe test case of helicopter is identical.Except design described here, those skilled in the art it is evident that from disclosing of the applicant, in conjunction with the fuel nozzle/star pipe ^TMCan have various ways.For example, fuel supply pipe can with the star pipe ^TMVertically extend substantially, perhaps at an angle at the star pipe ^TMOver top extend, to inject liquid fuel at a some place above first starboard just.At the star pipe ^TMThe gas/vapor storage area of sealing of over top carrier gas and vapour will be as described above be provided when the influent stream stroke, thereby perhaps fuel can be heated so that some fuel fast transition provides carrier gas for vapour.In addition, can be at the star pipe ^TMThe top near a fueling charger nozzle is installed, fuel is delivered to the star pipe ^TMThe top and along with this star pipe ^TMVertical substantially direction.In this embodiment, fueling charger part can with the star pipe ^TMSide by side, thus this assembly wideer and shorter than the embodiment of Fig. 7,7a and 7b.Certainly, in these embodiments, one the pipe or nozzle can extend with the star pipe ^TMGuide fuel substantially coaxially.

Fig. 7 b has shown little heater or the heating element 205 that is positioned at or is installed to an exterior upper of assembly 204 in the mode of example, is used for liquid fuel within and just will heats fuel by before the needle-valve.This or similar embodiment can be used in the cold environment, and fuel fast transition less in cold environment is a vapour, and this flows through minimizing the star pipe in other cases ^TMCarrier gas.At this, such an embodiment can be used to the occasion of aviation, and wherein the heater such as heater 205 can be used constantly and be switched off under lower, warmer height above sea level at colder, higher height above sea level.Certainly, on the surface car that such heater can be used to advance between cold, warm climate.Such heater can be used to start a cold engine generating more carrier gas/vapour, and this can make more flow by the star pipe ^TM, cold liquid fuel is broken into drop littler, easier igniting.As mentioned above, when cold engine is activated,, can produce relatively large pollutant because the combustion characteristic of the cold fuel in the cold engine is poor.In addition, the heating of such fuel can be not easy fast transition favourable as the engine than heavy fuel (such as jet fuel) of vapour to using, so that more fuel fast transition is vapour or otherwise makes the easier igniting of fuel.In this embodiment, fuel can be continued heating, perhaps only is heated when needed, to realize fuel combustion faster and still less or do not have a pollutant generation.

Though in the assembly 200 that Fig. 7 b shows a heater is arranged, those skilled in the art it is evident that from disclosing of the applicant, can implement to comprise some kinds of embodiments of fuel heating.For example, whole assembly 200 can be by being insulated and heating such as twining this assembly with the external heat element, and perhaps fuel can be heated in a connection area between burning line or burning line and the assembly 200.Perhaps, the fuel of the larger volume in the assembly 200 can be heated, and as by being arranged on a near heating element the solenoid 222, perhaps comprises a heating element in solenoid 222.In addition, pipe 212 can be heated, and generates carrier gas so that a part of fast transition of fuel is a vapour, perhaps the star pipe ^TMPart itself can be heated so that a part of fuel fast transition is a vapour.Perhaps, shown in the dotted line among Fig. 7 b, some or all fuel can directly be injected into one from fuel metering valve and add heat shielding net, plate with holes or similarly on the heater 207 so that the part of fuel just the remaining part of liquid fuel within by the star pipe ^TMVaporization takes place and generate carrier gas before.

Other ratio gasoline have more volatile fuel also can with the star pipe ^TMSystem adopts together.For example, low temp fuel or even hydrogen such as liquefied propane or liquefaction nature gas can be used.At this, can adopt a kind of liquid-liquid regulator step by step to be adjusted to about 40psi etc. with output pressure fuel, and the burning line that transports this low-pressure fuel by thermal insulation low-pressure fuel is remained on the extremely low liquid state of temperature.All vapour that generate in burning line all can be sent back to jar.In the case, a reference fuel injection syringe or similar metering valve can be used to send the extremely low liquid fuel of temperature.Operation will be identical with the situation of gasoline, and the liquid fuel fast transition of a part is a vapour, makes the star pipe ^TMEnvironment saturated and further make the fog cooling of drop by hydrocarbon gas, thereby stable droplet and stop drop in the further vaporization when they burn.

Conspicuous as those skilled in the art from the applicant's open institute, comprise the star pipe ^TMWith fueling charger or fuel valve or can have multiplely such as the configuration mode of an integral unit of other droplet generators of describing in the past, and can have also and can not have independent air storage area.In addition, the size of this storage area and the distance between the starboard can be adjusted to the size and the distance of a setting, thereby utilize the concrete RPM scope of an engine, perhaps can " according to actual conditions " thus and adjustedly can on the whole RPM scope of an engine, obtain adjusting to help or the expansion of the power range of convenient this engine.The size of storage area and/or this variation or the adjustment of the distance between the starboard can be according to the star pipes ^TMThe harmony or the resonance of interior air column, and can combine with the resonance of storage area, so that gas more effectively flows through the star pipe ^TM, increase fuel and flow or increase or reduce the star pipe ^TMAnd the gas pressure intensity drastic change in the storage area (when adopting).Tuning cardinal principle like this is tuning similar with waste gas system, so that air more effectively flows through engine.

More than described the present invention and usage mode thereof, what it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art is in the scope of the present invention that claims limited, can change situation described above.

Claims

1. liquid fuel supply system is used for to the equipment feed fluid fuel that utilizes from the energy that described fluid combustion produced, and described liquid fuel supply system comprises:

A source of described liquid fuel,

A liquid fuel measuring apparatus, the described source of itself and described liquid fuel are coupled and are used to provide the described liquid fuel of the amount of metering,

The liquid fuel mist generating device of a sealing, itself and described liquid fuel measuring apparatus are coupled and receive the described liquid fuel of the amount of described metering, the described liquid fuel that described liquid fuel mist generating device suitably is configured to the amount of described metering is processed into the mist of being made up of the fuel droplet with a maximum predetermined size, and the described mist of being made up of the fuel droplet with a maximum predetermined size is offered described equipment.

2. according to the liquid fuel supply system of claim 1, the described maximum predetermined size of wherein said fuel droplet is about 50 microns an of diameter, and most fuel droplet from about 10 microns to about 30 microns scope.

3. according to the liquid fuel supply system of claim 2, of being comprised in that with described equipment one introduces that stream is connected of the liquid fuel mist generating device of wherein said liquid fuel measuring apparatus and described sealing single, in the monolithic case.

4. according to the liquid fuel supply system of claim 2, wherein said liquid fuel measuring apparatus and described liquid fuel mist generating device are independent, the discrete parts to outside gas source sealing.

5. according to the liquid fuel supply system of claim 3, wherein said liquid fuel mist generating device comprises a pipe with a plurality of eddy current initiating devices.

6. according to the liquid fuel supply system of claim 5, each eddy current initiating device of wherein said eddy current initiating device all comprises a dish with a central opening.

7. according to the liquid fuel supply system of claim 6, wherein each described dish further comprises from the outward extending seam of described central opening.

8. according to the liquid fuel supply system of claim 6, further comprise an atmosphere storage part that is connected with described pipe.

9. liquid fuel supply system according to Claim 8, wherein said liquid fuel is injected into an end of the described pipe that partly is connected with described atmosphere storage.

10. according to the liquid fuel supply system of claim 6, further comprise a liquid fuel heat device, the part that this heater makes described liquid fuel is a vapour in fast transition when described liquid fuel measuring apparatus discharges.

11. according to the liquid fuel supply system of claim 2, the part that wherein said liquid fuel measuring apparatus and described liquid fuel mist generating device are gasoline engines.

12. according to the liquid fuel supply system of claim 2, wherein said liquid fuel measuring apparatus and described liquid fuel mist generating device are the parts of a turbine or ramjet.

13. a kind of liquid fuel that is used in combination with an internal combustion engine is handled and supply arrangement, comprising:

At least one zone of combustion that is used for described internal combustion engine,

An introducing air stream that is used for described at least one zone of combustion of described internal combustion engine,

A source of described liquid fuel,

At least one the liquid fuel measuring apparatus that is coupled with the described source of described liquid fuel, described liquid fuel measuring apparatus is the described liquid fuel that the amount of metering is transmitted in described at least one zone of combustion to become near stoichiometric pass with described introducing air stream

The liquid fuel droplets generation device that size limits, its described liquid fuel and stable mist of being made up of the liquid fuel droplets with a maximum predetermined size that receives the amount of described metering is sent to described introducing air stream,

Hold a shell of the liquid fuel droplets generation device of described liquid fuel measuring apparatus and described size qualification, the liquid fuel droplets generation device that its described liquid fuel measuring apparatus and described size limit constitutes single, a discrete part,

Thereby when the described stable mist of being made up of the liquid fuel droplets with a maximum predetermined size was lighted a fire in described zone of combustion, described liquid fuel droplets was fully burnt near stoichiometric relation with described.

14. the liquid fuel according to claim 13 is handled and supply arrangement, the liquid fuel droplets generation device that wherein said size limits produces diameter less than about 50 microns liquid fuel droplets.

15. the liquid fuel according to claim 13 is handled and supply arrangement, the liquid fuel droplets generation device that wherein said size limits produces the diameter liquid fuel droplets in the scope of about 10-30 micron mostly.

16. the liquid fuel according to claim 13 is handled and supply arrangement, the mist of wherein said liquid fuel droplets obtains cooling by the vaporization of some described liquid fuel, so that it is stable.

17. the liquid fuel according to claim 13 is handled and supply arrangement, the liquid fuel droplets generation device that wherein said size limits further comprises a pipe that comprises at least one eddy current initiating device, an end of described pipe receives the described liquid fuel of the amount of described metering, and a relative end of described pipe provides the described stable mist of being made up of the liquid fuel droplets with a maximum predetermined size.

18. the liquid fuel according to claim 17 is handled and supply arrangement, the described end of the described liquid fuel of the amount of the described metering of reception of wherein said pipe has an atmosphere storage part.

19. the liquid fuel according to claim 18 is handled and supply arrangement, a described end of wherein said atmosphere storage part and described pipe is sealed extraneous gas.

20. the liquid fuel according to claim 17 is handled and supply arrangement, wherein said eddy current initiating device further comprises a dish, and this dish has an opening of the central authorities that are positioned at described dish substantially.

21. a liquid fuel according to claim 20 is handled and supply arrangement, wherein said dish has from the outward extending a plurality of seams of described opening.

22. the liquid fuel according to claim 21 is handled and supply arrangement, the edge that wherein forms the described dish of described seam is suitably disposed, thereby makes described gas stream and described drop along spiral path pass through described pipe by certain angle by described seam with guiding gas stream.

23. the liquid fuel according to claim 14 is handled and supply arrangement, further comprise a fuel heater, thereby to be used for described liquid fuel is heated the part that makes heated described liquid fuel fast transition when being discharged by described liquid fuel measuring apparatus be vapour to this heater.

24. be used for a kind of fuel supply system of internal combustion engine, this internal combustion engine has an engine controller that is used for controlling according to the introducing air stream liquid fuel flow, described fuel supply system comprises:

A pressurized liquid fuel source,

At least one fuel metering and processing equipment, it further comprises:

A shell that is coupled with described pressurized liquid fuel source,

A liquid fuel measuring apparatus in described shell, thus it provides the described liquid fuel of the amount of metering in response to described engine controller to become approaching stoichiometric relation with described introducing air stream,

A liquid fuel mist generating device in described shell, described liquid fuel mist generating device receives the described liquid fuel of the amount of described metering from described liquid fuel measuring apparatus, and the described liquid fuel of the amount of described metering is processed into the mist of being made up of the liquid fuel droplets with a maximum predetermined size, the described mist of being made up of liquid fuel droplets is provided for described introducing air stream.

25. fuel supply system according to claim 24, the described maximum predetermined size of wherein said liquid fuel droplets is about 50 microns, the size of the described fuel droplet in the described mist that liquid fuel droplets is formed mostly from about 10 microns to about 30 microns scope.

26. fuel supply system according to claim 25, wherein said liquid fuel mist generating device comprises a pipe, this pipe comprises at least one eddy current initiating device, an end of described pipe receives the described liquid fuel of the amount of described metering, and the other end of described pipe provides the described mist of being made up of the liquid fuel droplets with a maximum predetermined size to described introducing air stream.

27. according to the system of claim 26, wherein said pipe is configured to have a carrier gas storage area, and the described liquid fuel of the amount of described metering is provided in this carrier gas storage area.

28., further comprise a fuel heater that is used to heat described liquid fuel according to the fuel supply system of claim 27.

29. according to the fuel supply system of claim 28, wherein said fuel heater is an intermittently used.

30. according to the fuel supply system of claim 28, wherein said fuel heater is continuous operation.