CN1775819A - Method for preparing nano silicon dioxide-acrylate polymeric microball material - Google Patents
Method for preparing nano silicon dioxide-acrylate polymeric microball material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of nanometer silicon dioxide-methacrylate macromolecule microballoon material. It includes the following steps that the first is that oil solubility silicon dioxide with 10-100 shares quality are added into the same share methactylate monomer; then mixed liquor is gained after ultra sonic dispersion for 1-30min; The second is that anion with 1-50 shares quality or non ionic surface active agent, and peroxide initiator with 1-30 shares quality or azo genus initiator are added into the mixed liquor to form reaction system. Lipophilicity stabilizer with 1-30 shares quality is added into the 300 shares quality water to churn to form mixing water solution; then it is do super-sound emulsification for 1-30min to gain fine emulsion with average particle diameter 50-500nm. The third is that warming up to 50-90 centigrade degree, reacting for 0.5-8h, then nanometer silicon dioxide-methacrylate macromolecule microballoon material with average particle diameter 50-500nm is gained. The advantages of invention are that the cost is low; the contamination is litter; and it can gain package structure nanometer silicon dioxide-methacrylate macromolecule microballoon material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation of nano silicon dioxide-acrylate, relate in particular to the preparation method of the molten nano silicon dioxide-acrylate polymeric microball material of a kind of oil.
Technical background
The progress of polymeric microball material can be divided into preparation research progress and applied research progress, and both development are relatively independent, are again synergistic.Aspect microsphere preparation technology, preparation method and preparation system progressively improve, and have set up the preparation system of polymer microballoon of the single-size of 0.01～100 μ m.Especially in nearly ten years, aspect the technology of preparing of nano level microballoon (tens nanometer) and super large microballoon breakthrough progress is being arranged.Polymer microsphere can be that raw material prepares with the radical polymerization mode with the monomer, can be raw material to synthesize good polymkeric substance or natural polymer etc. in advance also, but must prepare with special methods.Since use the former preparation method can low price ground, prepare various required functional microspheres more simply, therefore, the former more is subjected to the favor of scientist and enterprise, this tendency can be found out from a large amount of documents.But,, also developed some special preparation methods at these special microballoon scientists because natural polymer, biodegradability polymer microballoon and polymer microsphere that some are special can't directly prepare with free radical polymerisation process.In the polymer microsphere application facet, the product of traditional Application Areas is further promoted, and as in the application of paints field, the structure of product moves towards personalized from popular, i.e. diversification of varieties and a small amount ofization, but value added is higher.
Miniemulsion (Miniemulsion) method obtains dark people's research, can not only compare the nano level microballoon and the complex microsphere of homogeneous with the monomer for the feedstock production size, can also polymkeric substance be feedstock production nano-grade medicine carrier and polymer--the inorganic composite nano microballoon.The present invention has inquired into oily molten nano silicon and the thin newborn polymeric condition of acrylate simultaneously, thereby has found contact between the two, can obtain stable emulsion system.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of low cost, pollute little, as can the to obtain package structure method that mini-emulsion polymerization obtains nano silicon dioxide-acrylate polymeric microball material of passing through.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of preparation method of nano silicon dioxide-acrylate polymeric microball material may further comprise the steps:
The first step: the oil soluble silicon-dioxide of 10～100 parts of quality is joined in 10-100 part quality acrylic ester monomer, and ultra-sonic dispersion 1-30min forms mixed solution then,
Second step: the peroxide initiator or the azo-initiator of the negatively charged ion of adding 1-50 part quality or non-ionic anion or nonionogenic tenside, 1-30 part quality form reaction system in above-mentioned mixed solution, 1-30 part quality lipophilicity stablizer is joined stir in the water of 300 parts of quality and form the lipophilicity stablizer aqueous solution, then the lipophilicity stablizer aqueous solution is joined in the above-mentioned reaction system and stir, and ultrasonic emulsification 1-30min, obtain the miniemulsion of average particle size range at 50-500nm.
The 3rd step: be warming up to 50 ℃-90 ℃, reaction 0.5-8h obtains the nano silicon dioxide-acrylate polymeric microball material of median size in the 50-500nm scope.
Ultimate principle of the present invention: utilize the free hydroxyl group of oil solubility nanometer silica sphere to reduce, more approaching with acrylic acid polarity, form package structure easily.The oily molten nano silicon dioxide-acrylate polymeric microball material that the present invention obtains is exactly a kind of package structure.So-called package structure, several exactly silicon dioxide molecules are wrapped up by acrylate monomer, and invent nucleocapsid structure often in the past, and promptly a silicon-dioxide is wrapped up by acrylate monomer, this is two kinds of diverse products, and its physics-chem characteristic also is diverse.Nucleocapsid structure mainly is that the center is a particle in general, adsorb an acrylate stratiform thing on every side, and the center particle can not be too little, and is promptly most greater than 50nm.And package structure can the center be several particles, and the periphery is a macroparticle.Can adsorb, also can not adsorb.Because package structure periphery is the acrylate of macroparticle, and size is big, and X ray is difficult for seeing through, and that nucleocapsid structure wraps up is not tight after film forming.Oil soluble silicon-dioxide joins in the monomer, through ultra-sonic dispersion, oily molten silicon-dioxide is fully disperseed in monomer, do not reunite, add assistant for emulsifying agent and emulsifying agent (being negatively charged ion or the nonionogenic tenside) aqueous solution then, ultrasonic emulsification becomes the particle of 50-500nm then, initiated polymerization under the initiator effect then, thus obtain oily molten silicon dioxide-acrylate microballoon emulsion.
Compare with existing nano silicon dioxide-acrylate polymeric microball material technology of preparing, have the following advantages:
1. the first step of the present invention joins oil soluble silicon-dioxide in the monomer, ultra-sonic dispersion then, silicon-dioxide is on average disperseed, do not occur reuniting, in order can fully to react in the subsequent step, obtain even package structure, the free hydroxyl group of oil solubility nanometer silica sphere reduces among the present invention, more approaching with acrylic acid polarity, also form package structure easily.。
2. the ultransonic effect in second step of the present invention is to adopt the method for ultrasonic emulsification and high-speed stirring can control the size and the distribution of pre-emulsion preferably, thereby the acrylic ester monomer mean drop diameter can be controlled to be 50～500nm from 1000nm, form the miniemulsion of acrylic ester monomer; In addition, ultrasonic emulsification or high-speed stirring can be dispersed in molten nano silicon of oil and acrylate monomer in the aqueous solution, and wherein the effect of ultrasonic emulsification is better than other alr mode.
3. no material transfer and exchange between particle during owing to polymerization, particle diameter number and composition keep original appearance, so when miniemulsion and oily molten silica polymerization, can be under the median size 50～500nm situation that keeps pre-emulsion, the composite emulsion that generates also can keep 50～500nm, because do not exchange material in this process between particle, particle diameter originally remains unchanged always, finishes up to reaction.
4. the present invention adopts n-hexadecane as the hydrophobic nature stablizer, and with respect to other stablizer, it possesses complete oil soluble, and its lipophilicity is more obvious than other lipophilicity stablizer effect, thereby makes miniemulsion form stable drop, stable carrying out in late phase reaction.
5. with respect to water soluble starter, the present invention adopts oil-soluble initiator, and its velocity of initiation is fast, cost is low.
6. whole process is all carried out in the aqueous solution, and environmental pollution is little like this, and industrialization after being convenient to.
The mode that in preparation, adopts of the present invention be twice ultrasonic, do not drip process, be one-time reaction, method is simple.When oil soluble silicon-dioxide is dissolved in monomer, handle and supersound process not through ultra-sonic dispersion, the result is different.Through behind the ultra-sonic dispersion, oil soluble silicon-dioxide fully disperses in monomer, is difficult for reuniting.Adsorbed by acrylate easily during the later stage polymerization and wrap up.Do not see as can be seen that from XPS Si excites, see accompanying drawing 1.Without ultra-sonic dispersion, the later stage occur to reunite, and is difficult for being wrapped up by acrylate, and film forming shows Si to excite on XPS spectrum figure through piling up, and in accompanying drawing 1, not ultransonic figure line is 1, and the figure line after ultrasonic is 2.
8. previously obtd structure is a nucleocapsid structure, does not carry out the XPS test, and what obtain specifically is package structure, and promptly silicon-dioxide is aggregated the thing parcel after film forming, does not have the absorption of silicon.
The oily molten nano silicon dioxide-acrylate polymeric microball material of the present invention's preparation has excellent comprehensive performances, in many departments such as wood working, packing, medicine, weaving, papermaking, building, machineries, can be widely used as coating, tackiness agent and seal gum etc.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is for the present invention has, the photoelectron spectrum of no the first step ultrasonic technique of the present invention measure (XPS) figure contrast
Fig. 2 is transmission electron microscope (TEM) figure of the molten silicon dioxide-acrylate composite emulsion of the present invention's oil
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The preparation method of the molten nano silicon dioxide-acrylate polymeric microball material of a kind of oil comprises following step:
The first step: the oil soluble silicon-dioxide of 10～100 parts of quality is joined in 10-100 part quality acrylate monomer, and ultra-sonic dispersion 1-30min forms mixing solutions then,
In the present embodiment, oily molten nano silicon is meant the silicon-dioxide that Degussa company produces, numbering R-974, and size is 12nm, mass fraction can be 10 parts, 20 parts, 32 parts, 45 parts, 52 parts, 70 parts, 81 parts, 90 parts.Acrylic ester monomer can be a methacrylate monomer, the ethyl propenoate monomer, the Octyl acrylate monomer, the Isooctyl acrylate monomer monomer, methyl methacrylate monomer, the hydroxyethyl methylacrylate monomer, the Rocryl 410 monomer, the Hydroxyethyl acrylate monomer, the Propylene glycol monoacrylate monomer, glycidyl methacrylate monomer one or more mixture wherein, the proportioning of mixture can be any proportioning, the mass fraction of acrylic ester monomer can be 10 parts, 15 parts, 20 parts, 32 parts, 45 parts, 52 parts, 70 parts, 81 parts, 90 parts; Adopt the method for ultra-sonic dispersion to disperse, the ultra-sonic dispersion condition: ultrasonic frequency is 200kHz～300kHz, ultrasonic power 200-1600W, and the ultra-sonic dispersion time can be chosen for 10min, 18min, 28min;
Second step: the peroxide initiator or the azo-initiator of the negatively charged ion of adding 1-50 part quality or nonionogenic tenside, 1-30 part quality form reaction system in above-mentioned mixing solutions, 1-30 part quality lipophilicity stablizer is joined stir in the water of 300 parts of quality and form the stablizer aqueous solution, then the lipophilicity stablizer aqueous solution is joined in the above-mentioned reaction system and stir (the conventional stirring), and ultrasonic emulsification 1-30min, obtain the miniemulsion of average particle size range at 50-500nm.
In the present embodiment, what the lipophilicity stablizer can be in n-hexadecane, positive hexadecanol, the methacrylic acid hexadecanol is a kind of, and its mass fraction can be 3 parts, 4.5 part, 5.3 parts, 6 parts, 7.5 part, 9 parts, 10 parts, 13.2 part, 16.7 parts, 18.5 parts, 19.2 part, 23 parts, 26.2 parts, 28 parts, 29 parts, n-hexadecane is best as the effect of lipophilicity stablizer; Initiator can be peroxide initiator or azo-initiator (benzoyl peroxide, laurylperoxide base acyl, Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate), for example a kind of in BPO (benzoyl peroxide), AIBN (Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate) laurylperoxide base acyl, the tert-butyl peroxide.Its mass fraction can be 3 parts, 7 parts, and 12.5 parts, 14.2 parts, 16 parts, 18.5 parts, 19 parts.Negatively charged ion or nonionogenic tenside can be polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether and Succinic Acid modification polyxyethylated alkylphenol, sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium laurylsulfonate, Triton X-405 (octane phenol polyethenoxy ether), Triton X-100Triton X-165 negatively charged ion such as (octane phenol polyethenoxy ethers) and nonionogenic tenside one or more mixture wherein, if mixture, its proportioning can be any proportioning, the mass fraction of negatively charged ion or nonionogenic tenside can be 3 parts, 4.5 part, 5.3 part, 6 parts, 7.5 part, 9 minutes, 10 parts, 13.2 part, 16.7 part, 18.5 parts, 19.2 parts; Water is distilled water, and its mass fraction is 30 parts, 85 parts, and 120 parts, 200 parts, 350 parts, 460 parts, 520 parts; Ultrasonic frequency is 200kHz～300kHz, ultrasonic power 200-1600W, and the ultrasonic emulsification time is 1-30 minute; Ultrasonic power can be 300W, 500W, and 850W, 1000W, 1050W, 1350W, 1450W, 1520W, the ultrasonic emulsification time can be 29 minutes, 27 minutes, 23.5 minutes, 20 minutes, 15 minutes, 12.5 minutes, 8 minutes, 3 minutes;
The 3rd step: be warming up to 50 ℃-90 ℃, reaction 0.5-8h obtains the nano silicon dioxide-acrylate polymeric microball material of median size in the 50-500nm scope.In the present embodiment, can be chosen for 50 ℃, 61 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, the reaction times can be chosen for 0.8 hour, and 1.5 hours, 3 hours, 5.1 hours, 6.4 hours, 7.3 hours.
Embodiment 2:
(1) oily molten nano silicon is in single intravital dispersion:
The first step: the oil soluble silicon-dioxide of 0.5g is joined in 20/20g methyl methacrylate/butyl methacrylate monomer, carry out ultra-sonic dispersion then, obtain mixing liquid.The ultra-sonic dispersion condition is: ultrasonic frequency is 200kHz, ultrasonic power 1000W, and the ultrasonic emulsification time is 10min.
Second step: 2.0g n-hexadecane, 0.4g Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate are joined in the mixing liquid, make it dissolving with stirring in the 1.5g sodium lauryl sulphate adding 100g water, then mixing liquid is mixed with lauryl sodium sulfate aqueous solution and stir, and ultrasonic emulsification.The ultrasonic emulsification condition of miniemulsion is: ultrasonic frequency is 200kHz, ultrasonic power 500W, and the ultrasonic emulsification time is 5min.
The 3rd step: temperature is risen to 60 ℃ of assigned temperatures, and initiated polymerization obtains the compound miniemulsion of oily molten silicon dioxide-acrylate then.
Proportioning:
Molten nano silicon 0.5 gram of A oil
B butyl methacrylate 20 grams
C methyl methacrylate 20 grams
D sodium lauryl sulphate 1.5 grams
E n-hexadecane 2.0 grams
F Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate 0.4 gram
Embodiment 3:
The first step: the oil soluble silicon-dioxide of 1g is joined in 20/20g methyl methacrylate/butyl methacrylate monomer, carry out ultra-sonic dispersion then.The ultra-sonic dispersion condition is: ultrasonic frequency is 300kHz, ultrasonic power 800W, and the ultrasonic emulsification time is 8min.
Second step: 0.8g n-hexadecane, 0.2g benzoyl peroxide are joined in the mixing liquid, make it dissolving with stirring in the 1.2g sodium lauryl sulphate adding 140g water, then mixing liquid is mixed with lauryl sodium sulfate aqueous solution and stir, and ultrasonic emulsification.The ultrasonic emulsification condition of miniemulsion is: ultrasonic frequency is 200kHz, ultrasonic power 1000W, and the ultrasonic emulsification time is 5min.
The 3rd step: temperature is risen to 70 ℃ of assigned temperatures, and initiated polymerization obtains the compound miniemulsion of oily molten silicon dioxide-acrylate then.Proportioning:
Molten nano silicon 1 gram of A oil
B butyl methacrylate 20 grams
C methyl methacrylate 20 grams
D sodium lauryl sulphate 1.2 grams
E n-hexadecane 0.8 gram
F benzoyl peroxide 0.2 gram
G water 140 grams
Embodiment 4:
The first step: the oil soluble silicon-dioxide of 2g is joined in 10/30g methyl methacrylate/butyl methacrylate monomer, carry out ultra-sonic dispersion then and obtain mixing liquid.The ultra-sonic dispersion condition is: ultrasonic frequency is 300kHz, ultrasonic power 700W, and the ultrasonic emulsification time is 15min.
Second step: 0.4g n-hexadecane, 0.4g Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate are joined in the mixing liquid, make it dissolving with stirring in the 1.2g sodium lauryl sulphate adding 110g water, then mixing liquid is mixed with lauryl sodium sulfate aqueous solution and stir, and ultrasonic emulsification.The ultrasonic emulsification condition of miniemulsion is: ultrasonic frequency is 300kHz, ultrasonic power 200W, and the ultrasonic emulsification time is 10min.
The 3rd step: temperature is risen to 80 ℃ of assigned temperatures, and initiated polymerization obtains the compound miniemulsion of oily molten silicon dioxide-acrylate then.
B butyl methacrylate 10 grams
C methyl methacrylate 30 grams
D sodium lauryl sulphate 1.2 grams
E n-hexadecane 0.4 gram
F Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate 0.4 gram
Embodiment 5:
The first step: the oil soluble silicon-dioxide of 1g is joined in 20/20g methyl methacrylate/butyl methacrylate monomer, carry out ultra-sonic dispersion then and obtain mixing liquid.The ultrasonic emulsification condition is: ultrasonic frequency is 300kHz, ultrasonic power 1200W, and the ultrasonic emulsification time is 10min.
Second step: 3.0g n-hexadecane, 0.2g benzoyl peroxide are joined in the mixing liquid, make it dissolving with stirring in the 0.4g sodium lauryl sulphate adding 80g water, then mixing liquid is mixed with lauryl sodium sulfate aqueous solution and stir, and ultrasonic emulsification.The ultrasonic emulsification condition of miniemulsion is: ultrasonic frequency is 200kHz, ultrasonic power 800W, and the ultrasonic emulsification time is 5min.
The 3rd step: temperature is risen to 70 ℃ of assigned temperatures, and initiated polymerization obtains the compound miniemulsion of oily molten silicon dioxide-acrylate then.
B butyl methacrylate 20 grams
C methyl methacrylate 20 grams
D sodium lauryl sulphate 0.4 gram
E n-hexadecane 3.0 grams
F benzoyl peroxide 0.2 gram
G water 80 grams
Obtain particle diameter 200nm at last and contain the molten nano silicon dioxide-acrylate polymeric microball material of 20%-40% oil admittedly.
Code name is explained as follows among the present invention:
The SDS sodium lauryl sulphate
The HD n-hexadecane
The BPO benzoyl peroxide
MMA/BA methyl methacrylate/butyl methacrylate
Triton X-405 (octane phenol polyethenoxy ether),
Triton X-100 Triton X-165 (octane phenol polyethenoxy ether)
Earlier silicon-dioxide is joined in the monomer, carry out ultra-sonic dispersion then or do not carry out ultrasonic.Add tensio-active agent, assistant for emulsifying agent, water initiator then, carry out ultrasonic emulsification once more, be warmed up to assigned temperature then, begin reaction, finish up to reaction.
By detect finding, for the first time in the ultra-sonic dispersion process, whether ultrasonic structure for afterwards has very big influence.Find to detect with XPS at last through ultra-sonic dispersion, the amount of silicon is 0.Do not have ultra-sonic dispersion, the content of silicon is 0.47.Difference clearly.
Photoelectron spectrum (XPS) is analyzed
Adopt ESCALabMK2 type photoelectron spectrograph (Britain) test.X-ray source is a Mg K-Alphas ray, effectively investigation depth 50-100 dust. specimen is a film, and the preparation method is identical with the Mechanics Performance Testing preparation method of sample.The fixed launching angle is adopted in all tests, claims 45 ° of angle of departures (Take-off angle) again, and the sample test degree of depth is 50 dusts.
Table ultra-sonic dispersion whether XPS measuring value and theoretical value contrast
| The sample number title | | 1 actual value | | 2 actual values |
| C O Si | 69.6 29.45 0.95 | 74.4 25.13 0.47 | 67.29 28.74 1.85 | 75.59 24.41 0 |
Find out ultrasonic back Si=0, not ultrasonic Si=0.47 by accompanying drawing 1.Here ultrasonic and not ultrasonicly refer to oil soluble silicon-dioxide when being dissolved in monomer, after handling through ultra-sonic dispersion, the result is different.Through behind the ultra-sonic dispersion, oil soluble silicon-dioxide fully disperses in monomer, is difficult for reuniting.Adsorbed by acrylate easily during the later stage polymerization and wrap up.Do not see as can be seen that from XPS Si excites.Without ultra-sonic dispersion, reuniting appears in the later stage, is difficult for being wrapped up by acrylate, and film forming shows Si and excites on XPS spectrum figure through piling up.
TEM (transmission electron microscope) analysis (TEM)
Adopt HITACHI600 transmission electron microscope (Japan) test.The phospho-wolframic acid negative staining is used in emulsion dilution back, is applied to seasoning on the copper mesh, puts into instrument then and observes particle shape.
By accompanying drawing 2 and 3 as can be seen on the photo big ball be acrylate, bead is oily molten silicon-dioxide.Main visual field is that bead is adsorbed on the big ball, illustrates that both polarity is close, forms package structure when piling up easily.And can find to find small-particle in the macroparticle that small-particle is wrapped up by macroparticle as can be seen, also may be that small-particle is adsorbed on big ball surface.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of preparation method of nano silicon dioxide-acrylate polymeric microball material is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
The first step: the oil soluble silicon-dioxide of 10～100 parts of quality is joined in 10-100 part quality acrylate monomer, and ultra-sonic dispersion 1-30min forms mixed solution then,
Second step: the peroxide initiator or the azo-initiator of the negatively charged ion of adding 1-50 part quality or nonionogenic tenside, 1-30 part quality form reaction system in above-mentioned mixed solution, 1-30 part quality lipophilicity stablizer is joined stir in the water of 300 parts of quality and form mixed aqueous solution, and ultrasonic emulsification 1-30min, obtain the miniemulsion of average particle size range at 50-500nm
The 3rd step: be warming up to 50 ℃-90 ℃, reaction 0.5-8h obtains the nano silicon dioxide-acrylate polymeric microball material of median size in the 50-500nm scope.
2. the preparation method of nano silicon dioxide-acrylate polymeric microball material according to claim 1 is characterized in that the lipophilicity stablizer is a n-hexadecane.
3. the preparation method of nano silicon dioxide-acrylate polymeric microball material according to claim 1 is characterized in that negatively charged ion or nonionogenic tenside are sodium lauryl sulphate.
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