CN1773557A - Entrance guard system based on palm print features - Google Patents

Abstract

An entrance guard system based on palm print character comprises palm print collection unit, storage unit, on- site programmable gate array appliance, global mobile communication system, crystal display screen and door lock control unit. It features that on-site programmable gate array appliance is utilized to prepare an embedded system block with independent outline to make entrance system more integration, more modularization and more easy to install.

Description

A kind of gate control system based on palm print characteristics

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of gate control system, belong to the mechanical ﹠ electrical technology field based on palm print characteristics.

Background technology

Social informatization, digitizing, web development bring great convenience for the daily productive life of people, but meanwhile, the safety problem of information society faces more and more stern challenge.Traditional can not satisfy people's demand far away based on the information safety system of password or password, biometrics identification technology more and more is applied to fields such as telecommunication, finance, traffic.Development is based on the authentication of biometrics identification technology, and is closely bound up with public's number one, is the demand of socio-economic development in this century, is the strategic demand that involves national interests.Palmmprint identification is a kind of emerging biological identification technology, the world-class level of achievement in research maintenance in this field China.The uniqueness of fingerprint and iris is good, but require very high to picture quality, moreover, fingerprint image has 4～5% approximately, the image inferior that is difficult to discern, the aridity of finger skin is by the pickup degree be damaged the quality that degree all can influence image, because iris recognition need scan eyeball, therefore, owing to the universality that reduced not susceptible to user acceptance; Features such as people's face, sound, person's handwriting are owing to gather circumstance complication and the bigger and inaccessible high accuracy requirement of patterns of change.

By contrast, palmmprint identification is the most desirable, because it has following characteristics:

1. palmmprint has advantages of higher stability, uniqueness.

2. the palmmprint quantity of information is abundant, and theoretically, palmmprint has the recognition capability than better classification performance of fingerprint and Geng Gao.

3. user's acceptance level height, non-invasive to health, do not relate to individual privacy and with crime, humiliate irrelevant.

4. it is simple, convenient to gather palmmprint, and the collecting device cost is low.

5. palmmprint identification is lower to the image resolution ratio requirement, can realize under the low-resolution image condition.

---because existing palm print characteristics recognition system, be based on desktop computer all, so the equipment cost height, volume is big, be difficult to safeguard and install that practicality is not high.

Summary of the invention

The present invention's purpose provides a kind of gate control system based on palm print characteristics, palmmprint is discerned operation technique to combine with the Embedded System Structure technology, in conjunction with soft-core processor technology and SOPC (programmable system on the sheet) technology used based on FPGA (FPGA), design the Embedded Palm Print gate control system that breaks away from multi-purpose computer fully again.

Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of gate control system based on palm print characteristics includes the palmmprint collecting device, memory device, FPGA, global system for mobile communications or GPRS or ethernet communication equipment, output device is characterized in that:

Memory device and FPGA are by comprising field programmable gate array on the printed circuit board (PCB), static memory, and chips such as synchronous dynamic random access memory are formed;

Global system for mobile communications or GPRS or ethernet communication equipment are formed with GSM/GPRS module or ethernet processing chip;

The palmmprint collecting device is made up of video coding chip and programmable logic device (PLD);

Output device is made up of LCDs and electric door lock opertaing device and Electrically operated gate.

The palmmprint collecting device has and designs the fixing harvester of palm voluntarily, is adjusted and the camera of focusing function and touch button and mould constitutes by exposure; Camera is embedded into harvester inside, touches button and is attached to the harvester surface; The outputting video signal of camera is connected with video coding chip on the circuit board by video transmission line.Video decoding chip is connected with FPGA by the wiring on the PCB; FPGA deposits the video data of input in SRAM.FPGA on the pcb board simultaneously also with the plate that coexists on SDRAM be connected with the FLASH chip, data that they deposited in and programmed instruction will use for the Nios/NiosII soft-core processor that is embedded in FPGA inside.FPGA can be connected by the wiring on the PCB with ethernet control chip, to realize the access of internet.FPGA also can be connected by the wiring on the PCB with the GSM/GPRS module, to realize the access of wireless network.CPLD is connected with FPGA with FLASH, in order to the data that FLASH is preserved FPGA is carried out power-up initializing.The LCD of one of last output device passes through the winding displacement cable and links to each other with pcb board, to show recognition result; And send enabling signal by pcb board to the electric door lock opertaing device according to recognition result.

The Embedded Palm Print gate control system is characterised in that:

One. constitute by above-mentioned parts and not comprise that multi-purpose computer is in the interior gate control system of utilizing palm print characteristics to realize door lock control;

Two. above-mentioned FPGA is to be used to be made into independently embedded system plate of a profile.

---this system can control all processes such as collection, pre-service, feature extraction, storage, comparison feature and control gate of relevant palmmprint.The result of wherein last comparison characteristic procedure also can send on the mobile phone or internet of appointment.

The present invention's characteristics compared with the prior art are as follows:

1. use user of the present invention needn't carry any other article such as any key, magnetic card, smart card, also needn't remember password, password, only need user's palm palmmprint can realize the switching manipulation of door, more safe and reliable.Therefore, owing to the problem that can not open the door such as leaving behind key or magnetic card will thoroughly solve.

2. the present invention adopts embedded soft-core processor technology, Highgrade integration for system, modularization and conveniently created condition for changing, simultaneously also utilize GSM (global system for mobile communications)/GPRS (GPRS) means of communication, or the ethernet communication pattern manages (to reach better building entrance guard management effect) to system and has created condition again for ease of the system manager.

3. the present invention adopts the gate control system of Implementation of Embedded System based on palm print characteristics, breaks away from the control of multi-purpose computer fully, and have: volume is little, and cost is low, and is low in energy consumption, uses flexibly and the easy-on characteristics.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 has illustrated based on the gate control system composition frame chart of palm print characteristics;

Fig. 2 has illustrated with the FPGA plate to be the structural drawing of the embedded processing systems of core;

Fig. 3 has illustrated based on the gate control system software processes process flow diagram of palm print characteristics;

Fig. 4 has illustrated the palmmprint sample image that camera is gathered;

Fig. 5 has illustrated to gather the processing procedure of palmmprint zone location;

Fig. 6 has illustrated palmmprint effective coverage image after the pre-service;

Fig. 7 is door lock opertaing device synoptic diagram.

1: palmmprint collecting device, 1.1: have the fixing harvester of palm, 1.2: the camera of exposure adjustment and focusing function is arranged, 1.3: touch button; 2: memory device, 2.1:SRAM (static random-access memory), 2.2:SDRAM (synchronous dynamic random access memory), 2.3:FLASH (nonvolatile memory); 3:FPGA (field programmable gate array) contains 3.1: palmmprint collecting device (1) control module, 3.2: peripheral hardware control module and bus on chip, 3.3: soft-core processor; 4: communication facilities: configurable GSM (global system for mobile communications) module or GPRS (GPRS) module or ethernet interface module; 5: output device: comprise 5.1: liquid crystal display, 5.2: door interlock switch control device, 5.2.1: signal damping chip, 5.2.2: solid-state relay, 5.3 Electrically operated gate.

A: forefinger and middle interphalangeal minimum point; B: minimum point between the middle finger and the third finger; M: line segment AB mid point; The area of the area-of-interest W of a, b, c, d:96 * 96 pixel sizes; E: the mid point of line segment ab.

S1: the switch gate control signal of expression FPGA3 output.

S2: expression S1 is through the buffering of signal damping chip 5.2.1, the buffering signals of output.

S3: expression is finally exported to the drive signal of Electrically operated gate 5.3 through solid-state relay 5.2.2 conversion.

Embodiment

Memory device 2 and FPGA 3 are by comprising field programmable gate array (FPGA) chip (the Cyclone/CycloneII/Stratix/StratixII series of U.S. ALTERA company on the printed circuit board (PCB) (PCB), has inner customizable Nios/NiosII series soft-core processor), SRAM (IDT71V416 and IDT71V424 static memory that IDT company produces), SDRAM (the 48LC4M series synchronous dynamic random access memory that Micron Technology company produces), FLASH chips such as (the 29LV128M/29LV065D series that AMD produces) is formed; Global system for mobile communications or GPRS or ethernet communication equipment 4 are formed with GSM/GPRS module (the Sim100 series GSM/GPRS module that Siemens Company produces) or ethernet processing chip (the CS8900A ethernet processing chip of the LAN91C111 of SMSC company or Crystal company); Palmmprint collecting device 1 is made up of video coding chip (the SAA7113 video coding chip that Philips company produces) and programmable logic device (PLD) (MAX7128CPLD of ALTERA company); Output device 5 is made up of LCDs (LCD) (standard indicator spare) and electric door lock opertaing device and Electrically operated gate (being made by Tianjin Long Jia antitheft door factory) institute, and wherein the electric door lock opertaing device is made up of signal damping chip (standard chips) connection solid-state relay (standard solid state relay) again.

Palmmprint collecting device 1 designs the fixing harvester of palm in addition voluntarily, is adjusted and the camera of focusing function and touch button and constitute by exposure; Have the mould generation of the fixing harvester of palm by custom-made, camera is embedded into harvester inside, touches button and is attached to the harvester surface; The outputting video signal of camera is connected with video coding chip on the circuit board by video transmission line.Video decoding chip is connected with FPGA by the wiring on the PCB; FPGA deposits the video data of input in SRAM.FPGA on the pcb board simultaneously also with the plate that coexists on SDRAM be connected with the FLASH chip, data that they deposited in and programmed instruction will use for the Nios/NiosII soft-core processor that is embedded in FPGA inside.FPGA can be connected by the wiring on the PCB with ethernet control chip, to realize the access of internet.FPGA also can be connected by the wiring on the PCB with the GSM/GPRS module, to realize the access of wireless network.CPLD is connected with FPGA with FLASH, in order to the data that FLASH is preserved FPGA is carried out power-up initializing.The LCD of one of last output device passes through the winding displacement cable and links to each other with pcb board, to show recognition result; Simultaneously, as shown in Figure 7, FPGA exports Electrically operated gate control signal S1 to signal damping chip 5.2.1 through the PCB line, after carrying out first-level buffer, signal S2 after the winding displacement cable will cushion outputs to solid-state relay 5.2.2 again, solid-state relay is finished the gate operation with the drive signal S3 that signal S2 is converted to Electrically operated gate 5.3.

Described palmmprint is identified as: gather the palmmprint gray level image through palmmprint collecting device 1, change through picture size, rim detection, the location, effective coverage, gray balance obtains normalized image, uses the image transformation matrix to obtain palm print characteristics then, and compare with the palm print characteristics in FLASH 2.3, by output device 5: liquid crystal display 5.1 shows that court verdicts and door interlock switch control device 5.2 finish the switching manipulation of door; Camera 1.2 pixels are approximately 300,000; Result can be passed through, GSM/GPRS 4 sends to designated mobile phone, or sends to the computer network of appointment by Ethernet.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the invention process process is further elaborated.

The identification procedure implementation step is:

Step 1, the collection of palmprint image (as Fig. 3: shown in 6,7,8 three processing procedures): the camera control module is carried out initialization and configuration effort processing procedure 6; Images acquired processing procedure 7; Whether the palm deterministic process 8 that whether puts in place, decision close interrupts handling; Image preprocessing process 9; Feature extraction processing procedure 10; According to extracting feature and memory stores aspect ratio to handling 11, and obtain a result; If recognition result is keeper's identity 12, then show whether should register immediately; 13 is if select Y in the 12nd step ₂Carry out registration process; Show and output result treatment process 14: the on off state of control gate and output message are to GSM/GPRS or ethernet interface; 15 deposit FLASH2.3 in for sample characteristics to be registered.

Y ₁The expression system detects palm and puts in place, then closes and interrupts; N ₁The expression system detects palm and does not put in place, then turns back to " 7 "; Y ₂The expression system manager allows to select the new user of registration, then turns back to " 6 "; N ₂The expression system manager does not allow to select the new user of registration, then enters " 14 ".

Because contain camera 1.2 in the palmmprint collecting device 1, the user is placed on palm on the camera 1.2 of palmmprint collecting device 1, (the five fingers open naturally, and the centre of the palm is towards camera lens).Palmmprint collecting device 1 can produce an application signal by touching button 1.3, when system detects this application signal, begins camera 1.2 is carried out initialization, gathers gray level image automatically by camera 1.2, and image pixel is about 300,000.The palmmprint original image as shown in Figure 4 and be stored in the memory device 2 that SRAM2.1 constitutes.System can close the application processing of touching button 1.3 initiations after detecting the application signal automatically, finish just can start to touch button 1.3 up to this identifying, to avoid when first user also being untreated end, second user put into palm palmmprint collecting device 1, and causes the processing procedure disorder.

Step 2, preprocessing process (as Fig. 3: shown in image preprocessing process 9):

Pre-service comprises four parts altogether, is respectively the lighting module that delusters, effective coverage locating module, normalization module and palmmprint region extraction module.These four parts all have crucial effects to the palmmprint texture image of final acquisition, and are indispensable.These four parts link up together closely, could constitute a complete preprocessing process.Whole preprocessing process is all finished by independent embedded system plate of the present invention (being made by FPGA 3).

The first step, the lighting module that delusters mainly is the filtration reason that realizes illumination to external world by the white balance scheduling algorithm, make the palmmprint texture image that identical contrast and brightness be arranged, and remove exterior light as much as possible, thereby make the palmmprint texture image that big as far as possible palmmprint texture information rate be arranged according to information.The algorithm that the lighting module that delusters uses mainly is exactly the histogram equalization algorithm of image being carried out white balance.

In second step, the effective coverage locating module is determined by the position to palm photo several characteristic location point based on the method for geometric shape, and size, position and the angle information of acquisition palmmprint.The effective coverage locating module at first carries out binaryzation to original palmmprint, and the position of palm is a white in the image of binaryzation, and background is a black, keep between forefinger and the middle finger, and the black background zone between the third finger and the little finger of toe, as shown in Figure 5.Utilize the algorithm of geometric shape to obtain position feature point A and B again, the length of line segment AB has determined the size of image.

In the 3rd step, the hand size information that the normalization module utilizes the effective coverage locating module to obtain is carried out normalized to the palm picture.Normalized makes the palm print characteristics extraction have very high robustness, and may there be big or small difference in the image that obtains down for the different acquisition environment, and normalization makes this species diversity become transparent for characteristic extracting module.

The 4th step, the function of palmmprint region extraction module is to utilize the palm position feature point of locating module acquisition, on the palmprint image after the normalization, be partitioned into a square region that comprises main palmmprint texture, and implement the rotation algorithm, obtain the square-shaped image that comprises main palmmprint texture of a standard.On normalized image, utilize the position of line segment AB to determine a, b, c, 4 positions of d, square area that these four points form has comprised palmmprint texture region part main in the palm, wherein the formula of Ji Suaning is: (D.x represents the x coordinate of a D, and D.y represents the y coordinate of a D).

θ＝arctg((B.y-A.y)/(B.x-A.x))

e.x＝(A.x+B.x)/2-(sinθ)×30

e.y＝(A.y+B.y)/2+(cosθ)×30

d.x＝e.x-(cosθ)×48

d.y＝e.y-(sinθ)×48

c.x＝e.x+(cosθ)×48

c.y＝e.y+(sinθ)×48

b.x＝c.x-(sinθ)×96

b.y＝c.y+(cosθ)×96

a.x＝d.x-(sinθ)×96

a.y＝d.y+(cosθ)×96

Result after the calculating goes to put in order, and that obtain promptly is a, b, c, 4 coordinates on image after the normalization of d.

The coordinate that the palmmprint regions module utilizes the effective coverage locating module to obtain, on normalized image, obtain to comprise main palmmprint texture information 96 * 96 (unit: pixel) Da Xiao image, and its rotation obtained regular palmmprint texture image, as shown in Figure 6.

Step 3, palmprint image is carried out feature extraction (as Fig. 3: shown in feature extraction processing procedure 10):

The image characteristics extraction using method is as follows:

If the palmprint image that obtains through step 1 collection and the pre-service of step 2 image is I, the image size is 96 * 96, and transformation matrix is respectively G _T1And G _T2, image the spy be characterized as:

F＝U _t1 ^T×I ^T×U _t2 (1)

In the formula (1):

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="G\; t"\; filenames="A20051011519000131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">G</figure-callout>}}_t=\frac{1}{M}\underset{j=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{(I_j-\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{I})}^T(I_j-\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{I})---\left(2\right)$

Wherein $\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{I}=\frac{1}{M}\underset{i=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{I}_i$ Be the image average.G _T1The individual eigenvalue of maximum characteristic of correspondence of preceding k (k≤96) vector form 96 * k transformation matrix U _2d-pca1

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="G\; t"\; filenames="A20051011519000131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">G</figure-callout>}}_t=\frac{1}{M}\underset{j=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}(I_j-\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{I}){(I_j-\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{I})}^T---\left(3\right)$

G _T2The individual eigenvalue of maximum characteristic of correspondence of preceding l (l≤96) vector u _I2(i ₂=1,2, L l) forms 96 * l transformation matrix U _2d-pca2

By formula (1), (2), (3) as can be known eigenmatrix be k * l dimension, so between the general value 24 to 48 of k and l in each palm print characteristics size in 2.25 kilobits between 9 kilobits.

Step 4, to test sample book adjudicate classification (as Fig. 3: shown in aspect ratio to processing procedure 11):

To compare through step 3 eigenmatrix F that obtains and the sample characteristics that is stored in the memory device 2 that is constituted by FLASH (2.3).

The judgement sorting technique is as follows:

Adopt the Euclidean distance sorter in the palmmprint identification of this paper, the Euclidean distance of sample is in the feature space:

$d(F_i,F_j)=\underset{x=1}{\overset{p}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{y=1}{\overset{q}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{(F_i(x,y)-F_j(x,y))}^2---\left(4\right)$

As classification foundation, be provided with W class sample, every class training sample is X, the geometric center point after the selection conversion is as category feature F _lAccording to

$d(F,F_l)=\underset{j}{\min }d(F,F_j)--j=\mathrm{1,2},L,W,$

Draw sample I ∈ W _lClassification results.

Step 5 as shown in Figures 2 and 3, shows court verdict on liquid crystal display 5.1.The user is legal to open door if allow, and system can send a pulse signal to door interlock switch control device 5.2, and door interlock switch control device 5.2 is with door-lock opening; Otherwise make door be in closed condition; System can send instruction (as sending instruction to the GSM/GPRS module, dial the system manager's who is stored in FLASH 2.3 in advance phone or send SMS message to show warning to system manager's mobile phone) to communication facilities 4 by soft-core processor 3.3.System also can generate an alert files, sends this alert files (as Fig. 3: shown in demonstration and output result treatment process 14) by Ethernet interface to the computing machine that configures in advance.

Identity registration process implementation step is (as Fig. 3: shown in 13 registration processes):

Registration step one, the system manager implements above-mentioned identification procedure; If system successfully identifies system manager's identity, enter user registration course; Otherwise be presented at liquid crystal display 5.1 demonstration lacks of competence and register new user.

Registration step two, the registered user implements the step 1 of above-mentioned identification procedure, step 2, step 3.

Registration step three, with new registration user's palm print characteristics deposit in FLASH 2.3 (as Fig. 3: processing procedure 15), and the palm print characteristics sample storehouse of update system so that during next identification, the sample of new user's registration is within contrasting region.

Registration step four shows identity registration success or failure (as Fig. 3: shown in demonstration and output result treatment process 14) on liquid crystal display 5.1.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of gate control system based on palm print characteristics includes the palmmprint collecting device, memory device, and FPGA, global system for mobile communications or GPRS or ethernet communication equipment, output device is characterized in that:

Memory device and FPGA are by comprising field programmable gate array on the printed circuit board (PCB), static memory, and chips such as synchronous dynamic random access memory are formed;

Global system for mobile communications or GPRS or ethernet communication equipment are formed with global mobile communication system/general grouping wireless service module or ethernet processing chip;

The palmmprint collecting device is made up of video coding chip and programmable logic device (PLD);

Output device is made up of LCDs and electric door lock opertaing device and Electrically operated gate.

2, a kind of gate control system based on palm print characteristics according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

The palmmprint collecting device has the fixing harvester of palm to comprise camera, touches button and mould formation; Camera is embedded into harvester inside, touches button and is attached to the harvester surface; The outputting video signal of camera is connected with video coding chip on the circuit board by video transmission line, and video decoding chip is connected with field programmable gate array by the wiring on the printed circuit board (PCB); Field programmable gate array on the printed circuit board (PCB) is connected with nonvolatile memory chip with synchronous dynamic random access memory on the plate that coexists, field programmable gate array is connected by the wiring on the printed circuit board (PCB) with ethernet control chip or is connected by the wiring on the printed circuit board (PCB) with the global mobile communication system/general grouping wireless service module, programmable logic device (PLD) is connected with field programmable gate array with nonvolatile memory, and the LCDs of output device is passed through the winding displacement cable and linked to each other with printed circuit board (PCB).

3, a kind of gate control system based on palm print characteristics according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the electric door lock opertaing device connects solid-state relay by the signal damping chip.

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