CN1773333A - Liquid crystal display device, manufacturing method therefor, and driving method therefor - Google Patents

Liquid crystal display device, manufacturing method therefor, and driving method therefor Download PDF

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CN1773333A
CN1773333A CN 200510114193 CN200510114193A CN1773333A CN 1773333 A CN1773333 A CN 1773333A CN 200510114193 CN200510114193 CN 200510114193 CN 200510114193 A CN200510114193 A CN 200510114193A CN 1773333 A CN1773333 A CN 1773333A
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liquid crystal
orientation
mentioned
voltage
electric field
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服部胜治
石原将市
久保田浩史
八田真一郎
足达克己
田中好纪
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Japan Display Central Inc
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松下电器产业株式会社
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Abstract

Before starting the regular display in a liquid crystal display device of the bend alignment type, it is necessary to transition all the pixel regions in the entire display portion uniformly from splay alignment into bend alignment. However, conventionally, when applying a simple ac voltage, the transition sometimes does not take place, and when it does take place, the transition time is very long, and display defects due to alignment defects tend to occur. In the method for driving a liquid crystal display device with OCB cells according to the present invention, a step of applying between an electrode 22 and a pixel electrode 23 an ac voltage superimposed with a bias voltage, and a step of applying zero voltage or a low voltage to the substrates are repeated in alternation preceding the begin of the regular display operation and the regular display operation is carried out after all pixels have transitioned into bend alignment.

Description

Liquid crystal indicator, its manufacture method and driving method thereof
(the application is dividing an application of the application that application number is 01137066.1, denomination of invention is identical of submitting October 17 calendar year 2001.)
Technical field
The present invention relates to show liquid crystal indicator, its manufacture method and its driving method of the ocb mode of the high-speed responsive of television image or PC, multimedia image and wide visual field.
Background technology
Up to now, as liquid crystal indicator,, be the liquid crystal display device practicability of twisted-nematic (TN) pattern of positive nematic liquid crystal though use the dielectric coefficient anisotropy for example as this liquid crystal display pattern, but, but have and reply the shortcoming slow, that field angle is narrow etc.In addition, though the display mode of the strong dielectricity liquid crystal (FLC) of replying fast visual field angular width or anti-strong dielectricity liquid crystal etc. is also arranged, exist big shortcoming at the aspects such as temperature dependency of the visual reservation of display screen, resistance to impact, characteristic.In addition, though also have field angle extremely wide, transverse electric field drives in the face of liquid crystal molecule and switches (IPS) pattern in face, answer speed is slow and aperture opening ratio is low, briliancy is low.If want to show the full color animation with big picture, the liquid crystal mode that then has wide visual field, high briliancy, display performance at a high speed is necessary, but ideally satisfies the liquid crystal display pattern of the practicality of these requirements simultaneously, does not still exist at present.
In the past, as being the liquid crystal indicator of purpose with the high briliancy in wide visual field at least, the above-mentioned TN mode liquid crystal zone of handlebar made the orientation secondary splitting and enlarged the liquid crystal indicator (SID 92 DIGEST P798～801) of field angle up and down.Promptly, having in each display element of liquid crystal indicator, is positive nematic liquid crystal with the dielectric coefficient anisotropy, forms two different liquid crystal regions of orientation orientation of TN pattern and liquid crystal molecule, in other words, enlarge the liquid crystal indicator of field angle with orientation secondary splitting TN pattern.
Figure 48 shows the formation synoptic diagram of this existing liquid crystal indicator.In Figure 48, the 701, the 702nd, glass substrate, the 703, the 704th, electrode, 705,705 ', 706,706 ' is alignment films.In a side orientation area A, form the dielectric coefficient anisotropy that some inclinations are carried out at upper and lower base plate interface in opposite directions and be positive nematic liquid crystal molecules 707,707 ' big or small pre-tilt angle, in the opposing party's area B, pre-tilt angle is set at opposite with above-mentioned orientation area A in opposite directions upper and lower base plate interface.This big or small pre-tilt angle all is set to and has the poor of several years.As the above-mentioned example that on upper and lower base plate, forms the existing method for making of the orientation area that pre-tilt angle differs from one another; apply photoresist on the oriented alignment films; make it maskization with photoetching technique, on the direction of regulation, grind the method for the operation etc. of desirable orientation face repeatedly.In the above-described configuration, as shown in Figure 1, in orientation area A, B, the liquid crystal molecule group's of liquid crystal layer middle body is reciprocal toward each other, for the liquid crystal molecule that makes each orientation area when adding voltage erects reciprocally, make refractive index anisotropy equalization realize the expansion of field angle for incident ray with pixel unit.In above-mentioned existing orientation secondary splitting TN pattern, field angle enlarges with common TN pattern, and field angle is 10 calculating by contrast up and down, will become approximately ± 35 degree.
But answer speed is approximately about 50ms, does not have what variation in essence with the TN pattern.As mentioned above, in above-mentioned existing orientation secondary splitting TN pattern field angle, to reply all be inadequate.
In addition, though useful utilization makes the liquid crystal molecule liquid crystal display pattern of so-called vertical alignment mode of orientation vertically substantially at the interface in alignment films, affix film polarizer, orientation cutting techniques, the liquid crystal indicator of wide visual field, high-speed responsive, even if but this liquid crystal indicator, answer speed between black and white 2 values also will spend about 25ms, particularly the answer speed of inter-stage such as briliancy is slowly to 50～80ms, also longer than about 1/30 second of the identification speed that is referred to as human eye, animation resembles to look like it is to flow.
To this, people have proposed the scheme of utilization owing to the liquid crystal indicator (liquid crystal indicator of ocb mode) of the curved orientation formula of the variations in refractive index of the variation at the angle of standing of the liquid crystal molecule in the state of the liquid crystal molecule curved orientation between substrate.The ON state of each liquid crystal molecule of curved orientation and the permutations speed under the OFF state, and the ON of TN formula liquid crystal indicator, the permutations speed between the OFF state are by comparison, and faster, can make the fast liquid crystal indicator of answer speed.In addition, because the liquid crystal indicator of above-mentioned curved orientation formula, liquid crystal molecule integrally carries out curved orientation between upper and lower base plate, so can self-compensating on optical phase, and owing to carry out phase compensation with the film polarizer, so have the possibility of the liquid crystal indicator that becomes the wide visual field of low-voltage.
Yet above-mentioned liquid crystal indicator makes liquid crystal molecule make after becoming injection (spray) state of orientation between substrate usually under no-voltage.Want to utilize curved orientation that refractive index is changed, before bringing into use liquid crystal indicator, must make whole display part change into the curved orientation state equably from above-mentioned injection state of orientation in advance.When giving between show electrode in opposite directions making alive, take place from spraying the place of the transition kernel that orientation shifts to curved orientation, be that orientation spot, the defective part at around the space that spreads out or alignment films interface graded rather than uniformly.In addition, owing to always this transition kernel does not take place, will be easy to produce display defect because of producing or do not produce to shift from constant above-mentioned place.Therefore, before bringing into use, making the display part all is that to make whole pixel parts be extremely important from spraying that orientation shifts to curved orientation in advance at least.
But, can not produce transfer even if add simple alternating voltage in the past, even the generation transfer is also extremely long transfer time yet.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide by positively producing curved orientation substantially and shift, and in the extremely short time, finish to shift, realize no display defect, answer speed is fast, be suitable for the scheme of liquid crystal indicator, its manufacture method and driving method that cardon resembles the curved orientation formula of demonstration and wide visual field.
For solving above-mentioned problem, the described invention in the 1st aspect of the present invention, be from spraying orientation is orientated driving method from transfer to curved orientation in liquid crystal indicator, this device possesses a pair of substrate and is clipped in liquid crystal layer between substrate, when making alive not, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal of above-mentioned its upper and lower interface of liquid crystal layer is positive and negative reciprocal, become and carried out the injection orientation of orientation process in parallel with each other, before liquid crystal display drives, add between aforesaid substrate that by means of giving voltage makes the state of orientation of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer transfer to the initialization process of curved orientation from spraying orientation, carrying out carrying out the liquid crystal display driving under this initialized curved orientation state, it is characterized in that: the alternating voltage of overlapping upper offset voltage is added between aforesaid substrate, makes liquid crystal layer translate into curved orientation.
If the employing said method adopts the alternating voltage of overlapping upper offset voltage is added to way between aforesaid substrate, the situation ratio with merely adding alternating voltage can shorten transfer time.This is because overlapping by means of bias voltage, and the orientation of liquid crystal molecule is shaken the phenomenon that makes secund substrate one side of liquid crystal molecule because of being biased voltage.By means of this, in liquid crystal layer, will at short notice and positively transition kernel take place, accelerated transfer time.In addition, by means of the increase of effective voltage, also can further accelerate transfer time.
The described invention in the 2nd aspect, be from spraying the driving method that the orientation curved orientation is orientated transfer in liquid crystal indicator, this device possesses a pair of substrate and is clipped in liquid crystal layer between substrate, when making alive not, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal of above-mentioned its upper and lower interface of liquid crystal layer is positive and negative reciprocal, become and carried out the injection orientation of orientation process in parallel with each other, before liquid crystal display drives, add between aforesaid substrate that by means of giving voltage makes the state of orientation of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer transfer to the initialization process of curved orientation from spraying orientation, carrying out carrying out the liquid crystal display driving under this initialized curved orientation state, it is characterized in that: alternatively implementing repeatedly the alternating voltage of above-mentioned bias voltage overlapping is added to the operation between aforesaid substrate and makes becomes the operation of establishing line state by cable between aforesaid substrate, make liquid crystal layer translate into curved orientation.
As above-mentioned formation, to adopt after having added alternating voltage, the way during the line state is established in setting by cable, and the orientation of the liquid crystal molecule of liquid crystal layer is shaken the phenomenon that makes secund substrate one side of liquid crystal molecule because of being biased voltage.By means of this, in liquid crystal layer, will at short notice and positively transition kernel take place, accelerated transfer time.
The described invention in the 3rd aspect, be from spraying orientation is orientated driving method from transfer to curved orientation in liquid crystal indicator, this device possesses a pair of substrate and is clipped in liquid crystal layer between substrate, when making alive not, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal of above-mentioned its upper and lower interface of liquid crystal layer is positive and negative reciprocal, become and carried out the injection orientation of orientation process in parallel with each other, before liquid crystal display drives, add between aforesaid substrate that by means of giving voltage makes the state of orientation of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer transfer to the initialization process of curved orientation from spraying orientation, under having carried out this initialized curved orientation state, carry out in the liquid crystal display driving, it is characterized in that: have and alternatively implement repeatedly the alternating voltage of overlapping upper offset voltage is added to the operation between aforesaid substrate and gives the operation that adds 0 voltage or low-voltage between aforesaid substrate, make liquid crystal layer translate into curved orientation.
As above-mentioned formation, adopt the way during the setting and 0 voltage or low-voltage adding alternating voltage after, the shaking ratio and will become the also bigger of liquid crystal molecular orientation of liquid crystal layer than the described invention in the 2nd aspect.Therefore, the phenomenon of secund substrate one side of liquid crystal molecule will take place in the time of extremely weak point, by means of this, can further accelerate transfer time.
The described invention in the 4th aspect is characterized in that: in the driving method of described liquid crystal indicator, replace the overlapping alternating voltage of above-mentioned bias voltage with DC voltage aspect the 3rd.
As above-mentioned formation, replace alternating voltage ground and add DC voltage even if make, after adding this DC voltage, add during 0 voltage or the low-voltage, so the result becomes shaking of the liquid crystal molecular orientation that will produce liquid crystal layer owing to existing.Even if therefore in such driving method, also can realize the shorteningization of transfer time.
The described invention in the 5th aspect, it is characterized in that: aspect the 2nd in the driving method of described liquid crystal indicator, the frequency of alternatively carrying out voltage repeatedly is the scope from 0.1Hz to 100Hz, and above-mentioned dutycycle of alternatively carrying out voltage repeatedly is the scope from 1: 1 to 1000: 1.
Here, so-called ' alternatively carrying out voltage repeatedly ', refer to add during the alternating voltage and establish line state by cable during mutual be used as an integral body repeatedly and regard voltage under the situation of a voltage waveform as.Why the such frequency and the dutycycle of alternatively carrying out voltage are repeatedly limited, for following reason.
If frequency ratio 0.1Hz is also little,, result from the secund phenomenon of mutual liquid crystal molecular orientation repeatedly so can not produce owing to exist repeatedly alternately hardly.On the other hand, if frequency ratio 100Hz is also big, then can be because of mutual frequency repeatedly too much approach DC voltage, becoming can not produce results from the secund phenomenon of mutual liquid crystal molecular orientation repeatedly.
In addition, (for example, 1: 5 etc. under) the situation, can not add sufficient voltage in that dutycycle is also littler than 1: 1 to liquid crystal layer.On the other hand, than under 1000: 1 also big situations, approaching does not almost have mutual DC voltage repeatedly in dutycycle, becomes can not produce to result from the secund phenomenon of mutual liquid crystal molecular orientation repeatedly.
The described invention in the 6th aspect, it is characterized in that: aspect the 3rd in the driving method of described liquid crystal indicator, the frequency of alternatively carrying out voltage repeatedly is the scope from 0.1Hz to 100Hz, and above-mentioned dutycycle of alternatively carrying out voltage repeatedly is the scope from 1: 1 to 1000: 1.
Why the such frequency and the dutycycle of alternatively carrying out voltage repeatedly being limited, is the same with the reason of above-mentioned the 5th aspect.
The described invention in the 7th aspect, it is a kind of driving method of active matrix type LCD device, it is characterized in that: aspect the 1st in the driving method of described liquid crystal indicator, above-mentioned alternating voltage is added to and is connected between the common electrode that forms on the pixel capacitors of the liquid crystal indicator of the active matric on the switching device that forms on a side the substrate and the substrate the opposing party.
If adopt above-mentioned formation, just can in the liquid crystal indicator of active matric, make shorteningization transfer time.
The described invention in the 8th aspect, it is a kind of driving method of active matrix type LCD device, it is characterized in that: aspect the 3rd in the driving method of described liquid crystal indicator, above-mentioned alternating voltage is added to and is connected between the common electrode that forms on the pixel capacitors of the liquid crystal indicator of the active matric on the switching device that forms on a side the substrate and the substrate the opposing party.
If adopt above-mentioned formation, just can in the liquid crystal indicator of active matric, make shorteningization transfer time.
The described invention in the 9th aspect is characterized in that: in the driving method of described liquid crystal indicator, above-mentioned alternating voltage is added on the common electrode aspect the 8th.
Adopt above-mentioned formation, also can make shorteningization transfer time.
The described invention in the 10th aspect, it is a kind of driving method of active matrix type LCD device, it is characterized in that: aspect the 4th in the driving method of described liquid crystal indicator, above-mentioned alternating voltage is added to and is connected between the common electrode that forms on the pixel capacitors of the liquid crystal indicator of the active matric on the switching device that forms on a side the substrate and the substrate the opposing party.
If adopt above-mentioned formation, can in the liquid crystal indicator of active matric, make shorteningization transfer time.
The described invention in the 11st aspect is characterized in that: in the driving method of described liquid crystal indicator, above-mentioned alternating voltage is added on the common electrode aspect the 10th.
Adopt above-mentioned formation, also can make shorteningization transfer time.
The described invention in the 12nd aspect, it is characterized in that: aspect the 1st in the driving method of described liquid crystal indicator, the magnitude of voltage of above-mentioned alternating voltage is set to as making liquid crystal layer from spraying the critical voltage value of state of orientation to the needed minimum voltage value of curved orientation state transitions.
Adopt above-mentioned formation, can realize lower voltage.
The described invention in the 13rd aspect, it is characterized in that: aspect the 4th in the driving method of described liquid crystal indicator, the magnitude of voltage of above-mentioned DC voltage is set to as making liquid crystal layer from spraying the critical voltage value of state of orientation to the needed minimum voltage value of curved orientation state transitions.
Adopt above-mentioned formation, can realize lower voltage.
The described invention in the 14th aspect is characterized in that: aspect the 3rd in the driving method of described liquid crystal indicator, above-mentioned voltage is the voltage of evenness ground interchangeization in time.
Adopt above-mentioned formation, can prevent the deterioration of liquid crystal.
The described invention in the 15th aspect, it is a kind of liquid crystal indicator, it possesses a pair of substrate and is clipped in liquid crystal layer between substrate, when making alive not, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal of above-mentioned its upper and lower interface of liquid crystal layer is positive and negative reciprocal, become and carried out the injection orientation of orientation process in parallel with each other, before liquid crystal display drives, add between aforesaid substrate that by means of giving voltage makes the state of orientation of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer transfer to the initialization process of curved orientation from spraying orientation, carrying out carrying out the liquid crystal display driving under this initialized curved orientation state, it is characterized in that: transfer to curved orientation in order to make above-mentioned liquid crystal layer from spraying orientation, have the alternating voltage of overlapping upper offset voltage or DC voltage are added to voltage bringing device between aforesaid substrate.
If adopt above-mentioned formation, then can realize the liquid crystal indicator that transfer time is short.
The described invention in the 16th aspect, it is characterized in that: aspect the 15th in the driving method of described liquid crystal indicator, the magnitude of voltage of above-mentioned alternating voltage or DC voltage is set to as making liquid crystal layer from spraying the critical voltage value of state of orientation to the needed minimum voltage value of curved orientation state transitions.
Adopt above-mentioned formation, can realize the liquid crystal indicator that transfer time is short.
The described invention in the 17th aspect, be a kind of active matric liquid crystal indicator be configured in array base palte and having the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer upper and lower interface between the substrate in opposite directions of common electrode with pixel capacitors positive and negative reciprocal, and carried out in the liquid crystal cells that the injection of orientation process is orientated in parallel with each other, when making alive not, become and sprayed orientation, before liquid crystal display drives, apply the state of orientation that makes above-mentioned liquid crystal layer by means of voltage and transfer to the initialization process of curved orientation from spraying orientation, carrying out carrying out the liquid crystal display driving under this initialized curved orientation state, it is characterized in that: possess: liquid crystal cells, this liquid crystal cells possesses the pre-tilt angle that has the liquid crystal in the alignment films that inner face one side of above-mentioned array base palte forms in same pixel at least and represents the 1st pre-tilt angle, and the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal in the alignment films that inner face one side of in opposite directions substrate in opposite directions forms is represented the 1st liquid crystal cell areas of 2nd pre-tilt angle also bigger than the 1st pre-tilt angle simultaneously; Represent 3rd pre-tilt angle with above-mentioned the 1st liquid crystal cell areas in abutting connection with the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal of, the alignment films manufacturing that forms in inner face one side of array base palte with being configured to, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal in the alignment films that inner face one side of in opposite directions substrate in opposite directions forms is represented the 2nd liquid crystal cell areas of 4th pre-tilt angle also littler than the 3rd pre-tilt angle simultaneously; Above-mentioned alignment films has been oriented and has been treated to from the 1st liquid crystal cell areas towards the 2nd liquid crystal cell areas; Between above-mentioned pixel capacitors and above-mentioned common electrode, add the 1st voltage that is used for forming disclination (disclination) line, the boundary vicinity between above-mentioned the 1st liquid crystal cell areas and above-mentioned the 2nd liquid crystal cell areas forms the 1st voltage bringing device of disclination line; Adopt and give the way that adds 2nd voltage also higher between above-mentioned pixel capacitors and the above-mentioned common electrode, make in the disclination line, to produce transition kernel, make from spraying the 2nd voltage bringing device that orientation shifts to curved orientation than above-mentioned the 1st voltage.
Employing makes the way of above-mentioned formation, adopt and give the way that adds the 1st voltage between above-mentioned pixel capacitors and the common electrode, just can be between above-mentioned the 1st liquid crystal cell areas and the 2nd liquid crystal cell areas, form distortional strain energy ratio also high disclination line on every side, in addition, adopt and give the way that adds 2nd voltage also higher between above-mentioned pixel capacitors and the above-mentioned common electrode, supply with more energy, make and in this disclination line, shift to curved orientation from spraying orientation to above-mentioned disclination line than the 1st voltage.
Therefore, in making the liquid crystal indicator of above-mentioned formation, just can positively produce injection-curved orientation in having formed each pixel area of a plurality of liquid crystal cells in constant place (disclination line) shifts, in addition, can positively produce the orientation transfer apace and not produce display defect, thereby can realize high image quality and the outstanding liquid crystal indicator of price.
The described invention in the 18th aspect is characterized in that: in the described liquid crystal indicator, the above-mentioned the 1st and the 4th pre-tilt angle is below 3 degree aspect the 17th, and the above-mentioned the 2nd and the 3rd pre-tilt angle is more than 4 degree.
Employing makes the way of above-mentioned formation, just can increase the ratio of the above-mentioned the 2nd and the 4th pre-tilt angle and the above-mentioned the 1st and the 3rd pre-tilt angle.Adopt to increase the way of above-mentioned ratio, the energy that just can form distortion than around higher disclination line, just can further shorten from injection being orientated transfer time to curved orientation.
The described invention in the 19th aspect is characterized in that: in the described liquid crystal indicator, the orientation process direction of above-mentioned alignment films is the right angle for signal electrode line or gate electrode line along above-mentioned pixel capacitors aspect the 17th.
Employing makes the way of above-mentioned formation, owing to add transverse electric field in orthogonal direction haply from the state of orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecule of transverse electric field applying portion in liquid crystal layer, so liquid crystal molecule is subjected to distortion power from this transverse electric field, therefore in the disclination line, produce transition kernel, can promptly carry out from spraying the transfer of orientation to the orientation of curved orientation transfer.
The described invention in the 20th aspect is characterized in that: aspect the 17th in the described liquid crystal indicator, the orientation process direction of above-mentioned alignment films is from being that right angle orientation has produced some departing from for signal electrode line or gate electrode line along above-mentioned pixel capacitors.
The orientation process direction that employing makes above-mentioned alignment films is from being that right angle orientation has produced some ways that depart from for signal electrode line or gate electrode line along above-mentioned pixel capacitors, because becoming for above-mentioned disclination line, the result obliquely adds transverse electric field from signal electrode line or gate electrode line, the transfer of carrying out to curved orientation because becoming to the liquid crystal molecule that sprays orientation, the result adds distortion power, so will become easily.
The described invention in the 21st aspect, it is characterized in that: in the described liquid crystal indicator, above-mentioned the 2nd voltage is that its frequency is the scope from 0.1Hz to 100Hz aspect the 17th, and the dutycycle of the 2nd voltage is the voltage from the pulse type of 1: 1 to 1000: 1 scope at least.
Employing adds the 2nd voltage of pulse type as described above, and during voltage is applied with do not apply voltage during alternatively carry out repeatedly way, shaking liquid crystal molecule becomes the state that is easy to shift, and therefore, the liquid crystal molecule that sprays orientation just shifts to curved orientation.In addition, why said frequencies and duty cycle limit being made as above-mentioned scope, is in order to enlarge from spraying the transport zone that orientation shifts to curved orientation.
The described invention in the 22nd aspect is characterized in that: aspect the 17th in the described liquid crystal indicator, above-mentioned gate electrode line carry out above-mentioned transfer during in major part at least during in be the ON state.
The energy of the distortion in above-mentioned disclination line zone becomes than high on every side, under this state, add transverse electric field also for above-mentioned disclination line because the result becomes from the horizontal gate electrode line that is configured in pixel capacitors, shift to curved orientation so give feasible the orientation from injection apace of bigger energy.
The described invention in the 23rd aspect, it is characterized in that: aspect the 17th in the described liquid crystal indicator, a part of area illumination ultraviolet ray with alignment films of at least one side within the alignment films that inner face one side of above-mentioned pixel capacitors and above-mentioned common electrode forms changes the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal in this alignment films and is orientated the liquid crystal cells of cutting apart.
Employing can make the surfaction of the alignment films in the zone of being shone by ultraviolet ray to the ultraviolet way of the area illumination of the part of above-mentioned alignment films, and makes the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal in the alignment films behind the upgrading become little value.The reason that reduces by means of ultraviolet irradiation of the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal in the alignment films in addition is not though come to understand as yet it is believed that it is owing to be present in the cause that the side chain on the alignment layer surface is cut off by ultraviolet ray now.As mentioned above, by means of the ultraviolet ray irradiation, just can easily form the liquid crystal cells that orientation is cut apart.
The described invention in the 24th aspect, it is characterized in that: aspect the 17th in the described liquid crystal indicator, has under ozone atmosphere area illumination ultraviolet ray to the part of above-mentioned pixel capacitors and above-mentioned common electrode, the zone of the part of at least one side's electrode within this pixel capacitors and the common electrode has been carried out after the planarization, oriented film coating is sintered on above-mentioned pixel capacitors and the common electrode, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal in the above-mentioned alignment films is changed be orientated the liquid crystal cells of cutting apart.
Employing under ozone atmosphere to the ultraviolet way of area illumination of the part of above-mentioned pixel capacitors and above-mentioned common electrode, can make the flattening surface of pixel capacitors and common electrode, therefore adopt the way of coated with orientation film on pixel capacitors and common electrode, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal in this alignment films is changed, just can easily form the liquid crystal cells that orientation is cut apart.
The described invention in the 25th aspect, be a kind of active matric liquid crystal indicator manufacture method be configured in array base palte and having the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer upper and lower interface between the substrate in opposite directions of common electrode with pixel capacitors positive and negative reciprocal, and carried out in the liquid crystal cells that the injection of orientation process is orientated in parallel with each other, when making alive not, become and sprayed orientation, before liquid crystal display drives, apply the state of orientation that makes above-mentioned liquid crystal layer by means of voltage and transfer to the initialization process of curved orientation from spraying orientation, carrying out carrying out the liquid crystal display driving under this initialized curved orientation state, it is characterized in that possessing following operation: the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer upper and lower interface between the substrate in opposite directions of preparing to be configured in the array base palte with pixel capacitors and having a common electrode is positive and negative reciprocal, and has carried out the preparatory process of liquid crystal cells of the injection orientation of orientation process in parallel with each other; Between above-mentioned pixel capacitors and above-mentioned common electrode, add the 1st voltage that is used for forming the disclination line, the disclination line that the boundary vicinity between the 1st liquid crystal cell areas and long the 2nd liquid crystal cell areas forms disclination line zone forms operation; Give between above-mentioned pixel capacitors and the above-mentioned common electrode and add 2nd voltage also higher than the 1st voltage, make and transition kernel takes place in the disclination line of the boundary vicinity between the 1st liquid crystal cell areas and the 2nd liquid crystal cell areas, from spraying the orientation transfering process that orientation shifts to curved orientation.
Employing makes the way of said method, in above-mentioned liquid crystal indicator, just can be in having formed each pixel area of a plurality of liquid crystal cells, (near the disclination line) positively produces the transfer of injection-curved orientation in constant place, in addition, because the energy of distortion is than also high on every side, so positively can produce transition kernel near the disclination line.Therefore, can positively produce orientation apace and shift, and can not produce display defect, thereby can obtain high image quality and outstanding in price liquid crystal indicator.
The described invention in the 26th aspect, it is characterized in that: aspect the 25th in the manufacture method of described liquid crystal indicator, above-mentioned preparatory process possesses such operation: employing is in the zone of the part of a pixel, carry out orientation process, make the pre-tilt angle of liquid crystal of pixel capacitors one side become the also little way of pre-tilt angle than the liquid crystal of common electrode one side, making liquid crystal molecule carry out b-sprays when being orientated, in another zone of an above-mentioned pixel, carry out orientation process, make the pre-tilt angle of liquid crystal of pixel capacitors one side become the also big way of pre-tilt angle, make liquid crystal molecule carry out the orientation process that t-sprays orientation than the liquid crystal of common electrode one side.
Employing makes the way of said method, can form b-and spray orientation area and t-injection orientation area in pixel, can form the disclination line on its border legibly.Near the above-mentioned disclination line, as mentioned above, because the energy of distortion is than high on every side, so positively can produce transition kernel.Therefore, can positively produce orientation apace shifts.
The described invention in the 27th aspect, it is characterized in that: aspect the 26th in the manufacture method of described liquid crystal indicator, above-mentioned orientation process operation, the pre-tilt angle that the zone of the part of the alignment films that forms to inner face one side of the electrode of at least one side within above-mentioned pixel capacitors and above-mentioned common electrode, irradiation ultraviolet radiation change liquid crystal is cut apart to be orientated.
Employing can make the surfaction of the alignment films in the zone of being shone by ultraviolet ray to the ultraviolet way of the area illumination of the part of above-mentioned alignment films, and makes the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal in the alignment films behind the upgrading become little value.
The described invention in the 28th aspect, it is characterized in that: aspect the 26th in the manufacture method of described liquid crystal indicator, above-mentioned orientation process operation, in a part of area illumination ultraviolet ray of at least one side's electrode within above-mentioned pixel capacitors and above-mentioned common electrode under the ozone atmosphere, the surface in the zone of the part of pixel capacitors and common electrode is carried out after the planarization, oriented film coating is sintered on above-mentioned pixel capacitors and the common electrode, makes the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal in this alignment films change to be orientated and cut apart.
Employing makes the way of said method, can make the flattening surface of pixel capacitors and common electrode, therefore, the way of employing coated with orientation film on pixel capacitors and common electrode, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal in this alignment films is changed, just can obtain having the liquid crystal indicator that is orientated the liquid crystal cells of cutting apart.
The described invention in the 29th aspect, it is a kind of liquid crystal indicator of active matric, at array base palte with the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer upper and lower interface between the substrate is positive and negative reciprocal in opposite directions, and carried out in the liquid crystal cells that the injection of orientation process is orientated in parallel with each other, when making alive not, become and sprayed orientation, before liquid crystal display drives, apply the state of orientation that makes above-mentioned liquid crystal layer by means of voltage and transfer to the initialization process of curved orientation from spraying orientation, carrying out carrying out the liquid crystal display driving under this initialized curved orientation state, it is characterized in that: in a pixel, at least has a transverse electric field applying portion that shifts excitation usefulness, when producing transverse electric field with this transverse electric field applying portion, give pixel capacitors together the electricity consumption interpolar add voltage continuously or off and on, make each pixel all produce transition kernel, pixel is all shifted to curved orientation from spraying orientation.
If adopt above-mentioned formation, then can play following effect.
When between to pixel capacitors and common electrode, adding than the also big voltage of transfer voltage, the transverse electric field applying portion that at least one that is provided with in a pixel shifts excitation usefulness adds transverse electric field to liquid crystal layer, by means of this, this transverse electric field applying portion will become liquid crystal layer from the starting point of spraying orientation and shifting to curved orientation (promptly, can positively in the liquid crystal layer of transverse electric field applying portion periphery, produce transition kernel), therefore, can promptly carry out from spraying the transfer of orientation to the orientation of curved orientation.
The described invention in the 30th aspect is characterized in that: aspect the 29th in the described liquid crystal indicator, the direction of the transverse electric field that is produced by above-mentioned transverse electric field applying portion intersects vertically haply with the orientation process direction.
Employing makes the way of above-mentioned formation, owing to the direction that the state of orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecule in the liquid crystal layer intersects vertically is haply added transverse electric field from the transverse electric field applying portion, so liquid crystal molecule will be subjected to distortion power there from this transverse electric field, therefore produced transition kernel, promptly carried out from spraying the transfer of orientation to the orientation of curved orientation.
The described invention in the 31st aspect is characterized in that: in the described liquid crystal indicator, above-mentioned transverse electric field applying portion is to make the peripheral part of pixel capacitors produce the electrode deformation part of being out of shape in the face parallel with real estate concavo-convexly aspect the 29th.
If adopt above-mentioned formation, then has following effect.
The result becomes electric field and concentrates on by the periphery that makes pixel capacitors and carried out in the face parallel with real estate between transverse electric field applying portion that the electrode deformation of deformation of unevenness partly constitutes and the signal electrode line or gate electrode line of the side that is present in this transverse electric field applying portion, therefore, the transverse electric field of Chan Shenging is also stronger than the transverse electric field that produces between the pixel capacitors that does not have the transverse electric field applying portion and signal electrode line or gate electrode line in this case.Therefore, the transverse electric field by means of the existence because of above-mentioned transverse electric field applying portion takes place can positively produce transition kernel in liquid crystal layer, can promptly carry out from spraying the transfer of orientation to the orientation of curved orientation.
The described invention in the 32nd aspect is characterized in that: in the described liquid crystal indicator, above-mentioned transverse electric field applying portion is to make the peripheral part of pixel capacitors produce the electrode wires crushed element that is out of shape in the face parallel with real estate concavo-convexly aspect the 29th.
If adopt above-mentioned formation, then has following effect.
The effect same with the invention of the 31st aspect can be implemented by means of the existence of the electrode wires crushed element of either party or two sides' electrode wires.
The described invention in the 33rd aspect, it is characterized in that: aspect the 29th in the described liquid crystal indicator, above-mentioned transverse electric field applying portion, be the peripheral part of pixel capacitors to be produced be out of shape in the face parallel with real estate concavo-convexly, and with this concavo-convex electrode and electrode wires crushed element that signal electrode line or gate electrode line are out of shape concavo-convexly.
If adopt above-mentioned formation, then has following effect.
Make one side at least of pixel capacitors by means of conduct, make its peripheral part in the face parallel, carry out being out of shape with real estate concavo-convexly, and make signal electrode line or gate electrode line correspondingly or make its two side carry out the electrode of deformation of unevenness and the transverse electric field applying portion of electrode wires crushed element, can play a part with the invention of the 31st aspect same.
The described invention in the 34th aspect, it is characterized in that: aspect the 29th in the described liquid crystal indicator, above-mentioned transverse electric field applying portion is that the transverse electric field that carried out distortion in the face parallel for real estate applies and uses the line crushed element concavo-convexly, this transverse electric field applies uses line, the centre exists dielectric film ground and sets at least one side's of signal electrode line or gate electrode line upper strata or lower floor equidirectionally, and is connected on the driving circuit that above-mentioned signal electrode line or gate electrode line are coupled together.
Employing makes the way of above-mentioned formation, above-mentioned transverse electric field applies uses line, be that transverse electric field applies industrial siding, because this transverse electric field applies with line centre and is provided at least one side's the upper strata or lower floor of signal electrode line or gate electrode line with existing dielectric film, has dirigibility so apply the vpg connection that sidepiece with line forms concavo-convex grade continuously at transverse electric field.In addition, transverse electric field applies uses line, owing to overlap onto on signal electrode line or the gate electrode line, so light absorption is few, therefore can not reduce the aperture opening ratio of pixel.Therefore, can make and make design have the Redundancy Design of degree of freedom.
The described invention in the 35th aspect is characterized in that: in the described liquid crystal indicator, above-mentioned transverse electric field applies uses line aspect the 34th, during common liquid crystal display after orientation shifts, disconnects with driving circuit.
Employing makes the way of above-mentioned formation, because above-mentioned transverse electric field applies and uses line, during common liquid crystal display after orientation shifts, disconnect with driving circuit, so in this case, transverse electric field can not take place between transverse electric field applying portion that forms and pixel capacitors on applying with line at transverse electric field.Therefore, when common liquid crystal display, the state of affairs of the orientation confusion and so on of liquid crystal can not take place, can obtain presenting the liquid crystal indicator of good liquid crystal display state.
The described invention in the 36th aspect, it is a kind of liquid crystal indicator of active matric, at array base palte with the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer upper and lower interface between the substrate is positive and negative reciprocal in opposite directions, and carried out in the liquid crystal cells that the injection of orientation process is orientated in parallel with each other, when making alive not, become and sprayed orientation, before liquid crystal display drives, apply the state of orientation that makes above-mentioned liquid crystal layer by means of voltage and transfer to the initialization process of curved orientation from spraying orientation, carrying out carrying out the liquid crystal display driving under this initialized curved orientation state, it is characterized in that: in a pixel, at least the pixel capacitors of defect part or at least one side of common electrode have been formed in a place in order to apply the transverse electric field that shifts excitation usefulness, to have.
If adopt above-mentioned formation, then has following effect.
Owing in pixel unit, formed the pixel capacitors of defect part or at least one side of common electrode at least in a place in order to apply the transverse electric field that shifts excitation usefulness, to have, so the distortion (oblique electric field) of electric field will take place.Therefore transition kernel can positively take place owing to this oblique electric field is subjected to distortion power in liquid crystal molecule, quickens from spraying the transfer of orientation to curved orientation.
The described invention in the 37th aspect, it is a kind of liquid crystal indicator of active matric, at array base palte with the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer upper and lower interface between the substrate is positive and negative reciprocal in opposite directions, and carried out in the liquid crystal cells that the injection of orientation process is orientated in parallel with each other, when making alive not, become and sprayed orientation, before liquid crystal display drives, apply the state of orientation that makes above-mentioned liquid crystal layer by means of voltage and transfer to the initialization process of curved orientation from spraying orientation, carrying out carrying out the liquid crystal display driving under this initialized curved orientation state, it is characterized in that: in a pixel, has the transverse electric field applying portion that shifts excitation usefulness, in addition, this pixel, pre-tilt angle with a part of regional liquid crystal molecule of pixel capacitors is represented the 1st pre-tilt angle, the 1st liquid crystal cell areas with the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecule in a part of zone of above-mentioned pixel capacitors common electrode in opposite directions 2nd pre-tilt angle also bigger than the 1st pre-tilt angle, represent the 3rd pre-tilt angle with the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecule in the other zone of above-mentioned pixel, with the 2nd liquid crystal cell areas of the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecule in the other part zone of above-mentioned pixel capacitors common electrode in opposite directions 4th pre-tilt angle also littler than the 3rd pre-tilt angle.
If adopt above-mentioned formation, then has following effect.
Because the effect of transverse electric field applying portion is different with pre-tilt angle in above-mentioned the 1st orientation area and the 2nd orientation area, so between the 1st and the 2nd orientation area the disclination line will take place, this will become the starting point that orientation shifts, and will promote from spraying the transfer of orientation to curved orientation.
The described invention in the 38th aspect, it is characterized in that: aspect the 29th in the described liquid crystal indicator, have between above-mentioned common electrode and pixel capacitors, add that its frequency is the scope from 0.1Hz to 100Hz, and dutycycle is the pulse voltage applying portion from the voltage of the pulse type of 1: 1 to 1000: 1 scope at least.
Why depend on that size, the shape of pixel, thickness of liquid crystal layer etc. have difference to a certain degree, also frequency and the duty cycle limit that the pulse voltage application portion is divided is made as above-mentioned scope, is because will enlarge from spraying the cause of orientation to the transport zone of curved orientation transfer.
Employing adds the 2nd voltage of pulse type as described above, and during alternatively voltage applies repeatedly and do not apply way during the voltage, liquid crystal molecule will become the state that is easy to shift because of shaking, and therefore, the liquid crystal molecule that sprays orientation shifts to curved orientation.In addition, why said frequencies and dutycycle being limited in the above-mentioned scope, is because will enlarge from spraying the cause of orientation to the transport zone of curved orientation transfer.
The described invention in the 39th aspect, it is a kind of liquid crystal indicator of active matric, possessing liquid crystal layer that is clamped between a pair of substrate and the phase compensator that is provided in the outside of substrate, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer upper and lower interface is positive and negative reciprocal when making alive not, and become and carried out the injection orientation of orientation process in parallel with each other, before liquid crystal display drives, by means of adding voltage, make the state of orientation of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer carry out transferring to the initialization process of curved orientation from spraying orientation, carrying out under this initialized curved orientation state, carrying out liquid crystal display drives, it is characterized in that: the thickness that at least one place has a liquid crystal layer in display element than around little zone, and it is big to be added in the electric field intensity that electric field ratio on the liquid crystal layer in the above-mentioned zone adds on around the liquid crystal layer.
If adopt above-mentioned formation, in the big part of electric field intensity, be easy to produce transition kernel, thereby can shorten transfer time.
The described invention in the 40th aspect, it is a kind of liquid crystal indicator of active matric, possessing liquid crystal layer that is clamped between a pair of substrate and the phase compensator that is provided in the outside of substrate, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer upper and lower interface is positive and negative reciprocal when making alive not, and become and carried out the injection orientation of orientation process in parallel with each other, before liquid crystal display drives, apply the state of orientation that makes above-mentioned liquid crystal layer by means of voltage and transfer to the initialization process of curved orientation from spraying orientation, carrying out under this initialized curved orientation state, carrying out liquid crystal display drives, it is characterized in that: the thickness that at least one place has a liquid crystal layer outside display element than around little zone, and it is big to be added in the electric field intensity that electric field ratio on the liquid crystal layer in the above-mentioned zone adds on around the liquid crystal layer.
If adopt above-mentioned formation, outside pixel, will produce electric field and concentrate, the transition kernel that produces outside pixel is propagated in pixel.Therefore, even if under these circumstances, also transfer time can be shortened.
The described invention in the 41st aspect, it is a kind of liquid crystal indicator of active matric, possessing liquid crystal layer that is clamped between a pair of substrate and the phase compensator that is provided in the outside of substrate, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer upper and lower interface is positive and negative reciprocal when making alive not, and become and carried out the injection orientation of orientation process in parallel with each other, before liquid crystal display drives, apply the state of orientation that makes above-mentioned liquid crystal layer by means of voltage and transfer to the initialization process of curved orientation from spraying orientation, carrying out under this initialized curved orientation state, carry out liquid crystal display and drive, it is characterized in that: at least one place has the concentrated position of electric field in display element.
In addition, the described invention in the 42nd aspect, it is characterized in that: aspect the 41st in the described liquid crystal display device, the above-mentioned electric field that is arranged in the display element is concentrated the position, be to the thickness direction top of liquid crystal layer a part or their two sides of highlight show electrode or common electrode.
If adopt show electrode as described above to constitute, then can constitute electric field and concentrate the position.
In addition, the described invention in the 43rd aspect, it is a kind of liquid crystal indicator of active matric, possessing liquid crystal layer that is clamped between a pair of substrate and the phase compensator that is provided in the outside of substrate, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer upper and lower interface is positive and negative reciprocal when making alive not, and become and carried out the injection orientation of orientation process in parallel with each other, before liquid crystal display drives, apply the state of orientation that makes above-mentioned liquid crystal layer by means of voltage and transfer to the initialization process of curved orientation from spraying orientation, carrying out under this initialized curved orientation state, carry out liquid crystal display and drive, it is characterized in that: at least one place has the concentrated position of electric field outside display element.
Adopt above-mentioned formation, the way that electric field is concentrated the position is set outside pixel as described above, the transition kernel that produces outside pixel is propagated in pixel.Therefore, even if under these circumstances, also transfer time can be shortened.
In addition, the described invention in the 44th aspect is characterized in that: aspect the 43rd in the described liquid crystal indicator, it is the part of the electrode that partly highlights on the thickness direction of liquid crystal layer that above-mentioned electric field is concentrated the position.
In addition, the described invention in the 45th aspect, it is a kind of liquid crystal indicator of active matric, possessing liquid crystal layer that is clamped between a pair of substrate and the phase compensator that is provided in the outside of substrate, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer upper and lower interface is positive and negative reciprocal when making alive not, and become and carried out the injection orientation of orientation process in parallel with each other, before liquid crystal display drives, apply the state of orientation that makes above-mentioned liquid crystal layer by means of voltage and transfer to the initialization process of curved orientation from spraying orientation, carrying out under this initialized curved orientation state, carry out liquid crystal display and drive, it is characterized in that: a part or their two sides at show electrode or common electrode have opening portion.
If adopt above-mentioned formation, then transfer time can be shortened.
In addition, the described invention in the 46th aspect, it is characterized in that: aspect the 45th in the described liquid crystal indicator, above-mentioned opening portion is to have the show electrode that forms on planarization film of active matrix type LCD device of switching device and the conducting orifice that is electrically connected with this switching device.
If adopt above-mentioned formation, then transfer time can be shortened.
In addition, the described invention in the 47th aspect is characterized in that: in the described liquid crystal indicator, above-mentioned phase compensator possesses the phase compensator that a negative anisotropic optical media of refractive index that is mixed to arrange by main shaft constitutes at least aspect the 39th.
In addition, the described invention in the 48th aspect is characterized in that: in the described liquid crystal indicator, above-mentioned phase compensator possesses a positive phase compensator at least aspect the 47th.
The described invention in the 49th aspect, be to add electric field for the 1st substrate remain on toward each other and the liquid crystal between the 2nd substrate, make the method for the orientation of above-mentioned liquid crystal to the curved orientation transfer, it is characterized in that: at the Jetting type bomb for fire extinguishing property coefficient k11 that establishes above-mentioned liquid crystal is 10 * 10 -7Dyn 〉=k11 〉=6 * 10 -7When the scope of dyn, and establishing above-mentioned liquid crystal is θ 1 to the absolute value of the pre-tilt angle of above-mentioned the 1st substrate, above-mentioned liquid crystal are θ 2 to the absolute value of the pre-tilt angle of above-mentioned the 2nd substrate, satisfy 1.57rad＞| the relation of θ 1-θ 2| 〉=0.0002rad.
Employing makes the way of such formation, just can reduce the critical electric field that liquid crystal shifts, and the state of orientation of liquid crystal molecule is promptly shifted to curved orientation from original state.
The described invention in the 50th aspect, be to add electric field for the 1st substrate remain on toward each other and the liquid crystal between the 2nd substrate, make the method for the orientation of above-mentioned liquid crystal to the curved orientation transfer, it is characterized in that: at the Jetting type bomb for fire extinguishing property coefficient k11 that establishes above-mentioned liquid crystal is 10 * 10 -7Dyn 〉=k11 〉=6 * 10 -7The scope of dyn, and, establish above-mentioned electric field and be the secondary electric field that adds unevenly on the space is overlapped onto electric field on the main electric field that adds equably on the space, be E0 establishing above-mentioned main electric field, when above-mentioned secondary electric field is E1, satisfy the relation of 1.0＞E1/E0＞1/100.
Employing makes the way of such formation, also can reduce the critical electric field that liquid crystal shifts, and the state of orientation of liquid crystal molecule is promptly shifted to curved orientation from original state.
The described invention in the 51st aspect, be to add electric field for the 1st substrate remain on toward each other and the liquid crystal between the 2nd substrate, make the method for the orientation of above-mentioned liquid crystal to the curved orientation transfer, it is characterized in that: establishing the absolute value of above-mentioned liquid crystal to the pre-tilt angle of above-mentioned the 1st substrate is θ 1, when above-mentioned liquid crystal is θ 2 to the absolute value of the pre-tilt angle of above-mentioned the 2nd substrate, satisfy 1.57rad＞| the relation of θ 1-θ 2| 〉=0.0002rad, and, if above-mentioned electric field is that the secondary electric field that adds unevenly on the space is overlapped onto electric field on the main electric field that adds equably on the space, establishing above-mentioned main electric field is E0, when above-mentioned secondary electric field is E1, satisfy the relation of 1.0＞E1/E0＞1/100.
Employing makes the way of such formation, also can reduce the critical electric field that liquid crystal shifts, and the state of orientation of liquid crystal molecule is promptly shifted to curved orientation from original state.
The described invention in the 52nd aspect, be to add electric field for the 1st substrate remain on toward each other and the liquid crystal between the 2nd substrate, make the method for the orientation of above-mentioned liquid crystal to the curved orientation transfer, it is characterized in that: at the Jetting type bomb for fire extinguishing property coefficient k11 that establishes above-mentioned liquid crystal is 10 * 10 -7Dyn 〉=k11 〉=6 * 10 -7The scope of dyn, and, if above-mentioned liquid crystal is θ 1 to the absolute value of the pre-tilt angle of above-mentioned the 1st substrate, when above-mentioned liquid crystal is θ 2 to the absolute value of the pre-tilt angle of above-mentioned the 2nd substrate, satisfy 1.57rad＞| the relation of θ 1-θ 2| 〉=0.0002rad, and, if above-mentioned electric field is that the secondary electric field that adds unevenly on the space is overlapped onto electric field on the main electric field that adds equably on the space, establishing above-mentioned main electric field is E0, when above-mentioned secondary electric field is E1, satisfies the relation of 1.0＞E1/E0＞1/100.
Employing makes the way of such formation, also can reduce the critical electric field that liquid crystal shifts, and the state of orientation of liquid crystal molecule is promptly shifted to curved orientation from original state.
In addition, above-mentioned pre-tilt angle is the angle of orientation before the electric field with each substrate surface liquid crystal molecule in succession applies, it is inclination to the plane parallel with substrate with the molecular axis of substrate surface liquid crystal molecule in succession, with the plane that is parallel to substrate benchmark (=0) being rotated counterclockwise to just, the angle of representing in the scope with-pi/2～pi/2 rad.In addition, above-mentioned liquid crystal angle that the pre-tilt angle of above-mentioned the 1st substrate and above-mentioned liquid crystal are differed from one another to the pre-tilt angle is-symbol of above-mentioned the 2nd substrate.
In addition, the described invention in the 53rd aspect, it is characterized in that: aspect the 50th in the driving method of described liquid crystal indicator, above-mentioned secondary electric field is source electrode or the gate electrode that is added in the thin film transistor (TFT) that forms on the surface of above-mentioned the 1st substrate, and the electric field between the transparency electrode that forms on the surface of above-mentioned the 2nd substrate.
In addition, the described invention in the 54th aspect is characterized in that: in the driving method of described liquid crystal indicator, above-mentioned secondary electric field is the AC field of carrying out damped oscillation as time goes by aspect the 50th.
Description of drawings
The oblique view of Fig. 1 shows the part of the liquid crystal indicator of the OCB that possesses the curved orientation formula.
Fig. 2 is that explanation is from spraying the sectional view of orientation to the liquid crystal cells of the sight of curved orientation transfer.
Fig. 3 is the formation synoptic diagram of pixel unit of driving method of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 4 is the orientation transfer voltage oscillogram that uses in embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 5 is bias voltage in embodiment of the present invention 1 and the graph of a relation of transfer time.
Fig. 6 is the formation synoptic diagram of pixel unit of driving method of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 7 is the orientation transfer voltage oscillogram that uses in embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 8 is bias voltage in embodiment of the present invention 2 and the graph of a relation of transfer time.
Fig. 9 is the formation synoptic diagram of pixel unit of driving method of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment of the present invention 3.
Figure 10 is the orientation transfer voltage oscillogram that uses in embodiment of the present invention 3.
Figure 11 is bias voltage in embodiment of the present invention 3 and the graph of a relation of transfer time.
Figure 12 is the formation synoptic diagram of pixel unit of driving method of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment of the present invention 4.
Figure 13 is the common driving voltage waveform figure of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment of the present invention 4.
Figure 14 is the orientation transfer voltage oscillogram that uses in embodiment of the present invention 4.
Figure 15 is the orientation transfer voltage oscillogram that uses in embodiment of the present invention 5.
Figure 16 is the summary section of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment of the present invention 7.
Figure 17 is the summary section of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment of the present invention 7.
Figure 18 shows the manufacture method of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment of the present invention 7.
Figure 19 shows the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment of the present invention 8, and Figure 19 (a) is the summary section of liquid crystal indicator, and Figure 19 (b) is the general view of liquid crystal indicator.
Figure 20 schematically shows the formation of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment of the present invention 9, and Figure 20 (a) is the summary section of liquid crystal indicator, and Figure 20 (b) is the general view of liquid crystal indicator.
Figure 21 schematically shows the formation of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment of the present invention 9 equally.
Figure 22 shows other example of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment of the present invention 9.
Figure 23 schematically shows the formation of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment of the present invention 10, Figure 23 (a) is the summary section of liquid crystal indicator, Figure 23 (b) is the general view of liquid crystal indicator, and Figure 23 (c) is the summary section of the liquid crystal indicator of other example.
Figure 24 schematically shows the formation of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment of the present invention 11, and Figure 24 (a) is the general view of liquid crystal indicator, and the skeleton diagram of Figure 24 (b) has illustrated the distortion of electric field.
Figure 25 schematically shows the formation of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment of the present invention 12, and Figure 25 (a) is the summary section of liquid crystal indicator, and Figure 25 (b) is the general view of liquid crystal indicator.
Figure 26 schematically shows the formation of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment of the present invention 13.
Figure 27 is the key diagram that is used for illustrating the manufacturing process of the protruded object that forms on the glass substrate of the embodiment 13,14 of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment of the present invention 13.
Figure 28 is the key diagram that is used for illustrating the manufacturing process of the protruded object that is connected on Figure 27 of the present invention back.
Figure 29 shows the frictional direction of the substrate that uses in embodiment of the present invention 13.
Figure 30 is the formation outside drawing of embodiment 14.
Figure 31 is the planimetric map of embodiment 14.
Figure 32 is the formation outside drawing of the test cell that uses in the research of the injection-bending transfer time at the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment of the present invention 15.
Figure 33 is the key diagram that is used for illustrating in the manufacturing process of the protruded object of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment of the present invention 15.
Figure 34 schematically shows the formation of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment of the present invention 16.
Figure 35 schematically shows the figure of the transparency electrode of using in the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment of the present invention 16.
Figure 36 is the key position sectional view of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment 17.
Figure 37 is the local expanded view of Figure 36.
Figure 38 is the key position sectional view of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment 18.
Figure 39 is the key diagram that is used for illustrating the configuration of the optical device in the liquid crystal cells that uses in the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment 18.
Figure 40 shows the voltage-light transmission rate of the liquid crystal cells that uses in the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment 18.
The mode chart of Figure 41 (a) shows even orientation, and the mode chart of Figure 41 (b) shows curved orientation.
Figure 42 shows the director of liquid crystal layer.
Figure 43 shows the CR equivalent electrical circuit.
The time that Figure 44 shows the angle of orientation (θ j) of the liquid crystal under the external electrical field that increases along with the time changes.
Figure 45 shows the relation between Jetting type bomb for fire extinguishing property coefficient (k11) and the critical electric field (Ec).
Figure 46 shows poor (Δ θ) and the relation between the critical electric field (Ec) of the absolute value of pre-tilt angle.
Figure 47 show electric field unevenness (E1/E0) and and critical electric field (Ec) between relation.
Figure 48 is the sectional view of conventional example.
Implement preferred version of the present invention
The present invention is in the liquid crystal indicator of the OCB unit that possesses the curved orientation formula, the invention that the transfer device that shifts to curved orientation based on the injection orientation from the following stated obtains.Therefore, at first, after understanding this transfer device in detail, particular content of the present invention is described with embodiment.
The oblique view of Fig. 1 shows the part of the liquid crystal indicator of the OCB unit that possesses the curved orientation formula.The formation of the liquid crystal indicator of the OCB unit that possesses the curved orientation formula is described simply referring to Fig. 1.Between the substrate 10 and 11 of configuration parallel to each other, insert the liquid crystal layer 13 that contains liquid crystal molecule 12.Do not come though draw, on the surface toward each other of substrate 10,11, be formed with the alignment films that is used for giving the show electrode of liquid crystal layer 13 added electric fields respectively and is used for limiting the orientation of liquid crystal molecule.Above-mentioned alignment films has been carried out orientation process as shown in the figure makes near the substrate interface about 5～7 degree of liquid crystal molecule 12 pre-tilts, and the orientation orientation in the real estate becomes mutually the same direction, be say become parallel-oriented.Erect at leisure along with leave liquid crystal molecule 12 from substrate 10,11, the pitch angle that will become at the liquid crystal molecule of centre substantially of the thickness direction of liquid crystal layer 13 is the curved orientation of 90 degree.At the outside of substrate 10,11 configuration polaroid 15,16 and optical compensation plate 17,18, the polarization axle of above-mentioned two polaroids 15,16 is configured to be perpendicular to one another or is parallel, and this polarization axle is configured to into miter angle with the orientation orientation of liquid crystal molecule.So, utilize refractive index anisotropy poor add high-tension ON state and to add the liquid crystal layer between the OFF state of low-voltage, the result just becomes by optical compensation plate changes its polarization state, and the transmitance of control light shows.
The liquid crystal indicator that possesses the OCB unit of above-mentioned curved orientation formula, because liquid crystal layer has become the injection orientation before using, so before liquid crystal display drives, must be by means of adding that voltage makes liquid crystal layer translate into the curved orientation state in advance from spraying state of orientation.
Fig. 2 schematically shows and is shifting under the high-tension situation that adds more than the transfer critical voltage for carrying out such orientation, and liquid crystal is from spraying the orientation transfer device that orientation shifts to curved orientation.
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of the liquid crystal cells under the situation of two substrates of configured in parallel, and this figure schematically shows liquid crystal molecule and schematically shows Liquid Crystal Molecules Alignment.
Fig. 2 (a) shows initial injection state of orientation.During no electric field, the major axis of the liquid crystal molecule 12 of the central authorities of liquid crystal layer 13 has become the low injection state of orientation of energy state that is parallel to real estate substantially between substrate.Here, for convenience of explanation, decision is used with reference to label 12a and is represented the liquid crystal molecule parallel with substrate.
Liquid Crystal Molecules Alignment state when secondly, Fig. 2 (b) shows the voltage that begins to increase between the electrode (not drawing) that forms on substrate 10,11.The liquid crystal molecule 12 of the central authorities of liquid crystal layer 13 begins some inclinations because of electric field, and is consequently, constantly mobile towards a side real estate (being to substrate 11 1 sides in the drawings) towards the liquid crystal molecule 12a of real estate abreast.
Secondly, Fig. 2 (c) shows after adding voltage, and the Liquid Crystal Molecules Alignment state when having passed through certain hour.The liquid crystal molecule 12 of liquid crystal layer 13 further tilts for real estate, to this, abreast near the liquid crystal molecule 12a of real estate comes substrate interface, is subjected to the strong restraint from alignment films substantially.
Secondly, Fig. 2 (d) shows the high significantly Liquid Crystal Molecules Alignment state of energy state after curved orientation shifts.The liquid crystal molecule 12 of the central authorities of liquid crystal layer 13 becomes vertically for real estate, be subjected to strong restraint with alignment films (not drawing) the interface liquid crystal molecule in succession on the substrate 10 there from alignment films, keep the tilted alignment state, at this moment, exist in hardly exist among Fig. 2 (a)～(c) abreast towards the liquid crystal molecule 12a of real estate.
After having passed through certain hour again from Fig. 2 (d), above-mentioned state of orientation shifts to curved orientation status transition shown in Figure 1 and end between substrate.
So, what take place when adding voltage is orientated the situation that shifts to curved orientation from spraying, and can be regarded as above-mentioned such.
But, the place of this transfer takes place, the part of the part of orientation area and be the part that moves that is easy to carry out energy normally, rather than all the taking place of liquid crystal layer in the real estate, usually, locate to be easy to produce transition kernel being distributed to the space peripheral part in the gap or being orientated inhomogeneous part etc., the curved orientation zone begins expansion therefrom.Therefore, in order in the OCB unit, to be orientated transfer, produce transition kernel in the zone of at least a portion of liquid crystal layer that must be in real estate, provide energy to make from the injection state of orientation to curved orientation state transition and keep this migration from the outside.
Consider the result of such orientation transfer device, the inventor has finished the Liquid crystal disply device and its preparation method that makes it positively to produce transition kernel and finish to shift and the driving method of liquid crystal indicator in the time of extremely weak point, concrete content describes according to embodiment.
(embodiment 1)
Fig. 3 shows the formation synoptic diagram of pixel unit of driving method of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment of the present invention 1.The formation of the liquid crystal indicator relevant with the driving method of the present embodiment 1 at first, is described referring to Fig. 3.The liquid crystal indicator of the present embodiment 1 for the formation of removing outside the driving circuit section, has same formation with the general liquid crystal indicator that possesses the OCB unit.That is, have a pair of glass substrate 20,21, and be clamped in the liquid crystal layer 26 between the glass substrate 20,21.Glass substrate 20,21 is every disposing in opposite directions with constant interval.On the medial surface of glass substrate 20, form the common electrode 22 that the transparency electrode by ITO constitutes, on the medial surface of glass substrate 21, form the pixel capacitors 23 that constitutes by ito transparent electrode.Form the alignment films 24,25 that is made of polyimide film on above-mentioned common electrode 22 and pixel capacitors 23, this alignment films 24,25 has been carried out orientation process makes direction of orientation become direction parallel to each other.The liquid crystal layer 26 that constitutes by the nematic liquid crystal of P type to 24,25 insertions of alignment films then.In addition, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecule on the alignment films 24,25 is set at about 5 degree, the critical voltage that shifts to curved orientation from the injection orientation is set at 2.5V.The optical path difference of optical compensation plate 29 is selected as becoming white and shows or black display when the ON state.In addition, in Fig. 1, the 27, the 28th, polaroid.
In addition, in the drawings, the 30th, orientation shifts and uses driving circuit, and the 31st, the liquid crystal display driving circuit.In addition, 32a, 32b are on-off circuits, the 33rd, and the ON-OFF control circuit of the switching of the on off state of gauge tap circuit 32a, 32b.Said switching circuit 32a possesses two independent contact P1, P2 and a common contact Q1, and said switching circuit 32b possesses two independent contact P3, P4 and a common contact Q2.Common contact Q1 is according to being connected to from the switch switching signal S1 of ON-OFF control circuit 33 among independent contact P3, the P4 on any one contact.Be connected on the independent contact P1 and common contact Q2 has been connected under the state on the independent contact P3 at common contact Q1, the driving voltage that the result comes auto-orientation to shift with driving circuit 30 just is added on the electrode 22,23.In addition, be connected on the independent contact P2 and common contact Q2 has been connected under the state on the independent contact P4 at common contact Q1, the result just is added on the electrode 22,23 from the driving voltage of liquid crystal display with driving circuit 31.
Then, the driving method to the present embodiment 1 describes.
At first, before the liquid crystal display based on original picture intelligence drives,, carry out initialization process in order to carry out transfer to curved orientation.At first, by means of energized, ON-OFF control circuit 33 is connected to independent contact P1 to common contact Q1 and goes up and common contact Q2 is connected on the independent contact P3 to on- off circuit 32a, 32b output switch switching signal S1, S2.By means of this, with driving circuit 30 driving voltage shown in Figure 4 is added between the electrode 22,23 from the orientation transfer.This driving voltage, as shown in Figure 4, be to make square-wave voltage A and bias voltage B carry out overlapping alternating voltage, and the value of driving voltage to be set to and to liken to in order taking place from the also big magnitude of voltage of critical voltage of the voltage that sprays the necessary minimum that orientation shifts to curved orientation.By means of adding such driving voltage, just can shorten transfer time significantly than the conventional example that adds simple alternating voltage.In addition, will illustrate in the back as for the reason that shortens transfer time.So, with shift relevant initialization process to curved orientation and just finished.
Then, passing through after entire electrode fully translates into the transfer time of curved orientation, ON-OFF control circuit 33 just makes common contact Q1 switch to the switching signal S1 of independent contact P2 one side to on-off circuit 33a output, makes common contact Q2 switch to the switching signal S2 of independent contact P4 one side to on-off circuit 32b output simultaneously.By means of this, common contact Q1 is connected with independent contact P2, and, common contact Q2 and independent contact P4 are coupled together, the result just being added between the electrode 22,23 from the drive signal voltage of liquid crystal display with driving circuit 31, shows desirable image.Here, liquid crystal display driving circuit 31, the square-wave voltage that makes 30Hz, 2.7V is kept the curved orientation state and it is decided to be the OFF state, and the square-wave voltage of 30Hz, 7V is decided to be the ON state, and the OCB panel is shown.
Then, the inventor has made the liquid crystal indicator of above-mentioned formation, and has carried out the experiment of initialization process with above-mentioned driving method, below will tell about its result.In addition, experiment condition is as described below.
If electrode area is 2cm 2, about 6 microns of cell gap, the frequency of ac square-wave voltage A is 30Hz, amplitude is ± 4V.
Under these conditions, measured in the transfer time separately that bias voltage is set under 0V, 2V, these 4 kinds of voltage condition of 4V, 5V, Fig. 5 shows its result.Here, so-called transfer time, refer to and in the whole zone of electrode area, finish the orientation needed time of transfer.
As shown in Figure 5, when bias voltage B was 0V, needed 140 seconds transfer time.To this,, then become 8 seconds transfer time, thereby can shorten if bias voltage B is decided to be 4V.This is because overlapping by means of bias voltage, the liquid crystal molecular orientation of liquid crystal layer be biased that voltage waves and between substrate as Fig. 2 (d) secund, thereby produce more transition kernel, and the increase of effective voltage makes the cause that further accelerate transfer time.
Adopt the way of the alternating voltage that applies overlapping upper offset voltage continuously as mentioned above,, can shorten transfer time with comparison under the situation that applies simple alternating voltage.
In above-mentioned experimental example, though the ac square-wave voltage signal be 30Hz, ± value of 4V, the present invention is not limited to this, so long as make the frequency of liquid crystal action, for example, also can be the value of 10kHz etc., if increase the amplitude of alternating voltage A, can accelerate transfer time certainly in addition.At this moment, the overlapping Gao Zehui more of bias voltage is become fast more.But if consider the lower voltage of driving voltage, then the bias voltage ideal still is set at the voltage level of the best corresponding with transfer time.In addition, though what use as waveform is square wave, also can use the different AC wave shape of dutycycle.
(embodiment 2)
Fig. 6 is the formation synoptic diagram of pixel unit of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment 2.In the present embodiment 2, it is characterized in that: alternatively carry out repeatedly the alternating voltage of overlapping upper offset voltage is added to the operation between aforesaid substrate and makes the operation that becomes electric off-state (OPEN state) between aforesaid substrate, make liquid crystal layer translate into curved orientation from spraying orientation.
In the liquid crystal indicator of the present embodiment 2, give same label and omit explanation for the component part identical with above-mentioned embodiment 1.In the present embodiment 2, do not use the orientation of embodiment 1 to shift with driving circuit 30, on-off circuit 32a and ON-OFF control circuit 32, use orientation to shift and replace with driving circuit 40, on-off circuit 42a and ON-OFF control circuit 43.On-off circuit 42a is to remove 3 end-grain cutting that also possess independent contact P5 outside independent contact P1, the P2 to change circuit.The switch of this on-off circuit 42a switches, and is subjected to ON-OFF control circuit 43 controls.In addition, above-mentioned orientation shifts and with driving circuit 40 driving voltage shown in Figure 7 is added in 22,23 of substrates.This driving voltage, as shown in Figure 7, be the voltage that alternating voltage C and bias voltage D are piled up, and the value of driving voltage to be set to and to liken to in order producing from spraying orientation shifts the also big magnitude of voltage of critical voltage from the voltage of needed minimum to curved orientation.
In addition, the common contact Q1 of on-off circuit 42a becomes state on any one independent contact that is connected among independent contact P1, P2, the P5 by means of the switch switching signal S3 from ON-OFF control circuit 43.Under common contact Q1 was connected to state on the independent contact P5, electrode 22,23 became with orientation and shifts the OPEN state that comes with driving circuit 40 cut-outs.Be connected on the independent contact P1 and common contact Q2 is connected under the state on the independent contact P3 at common contact Q1, the result is added to the driving voltage that comes auto-orientation to shift with driving circuit 40 on the electrode 22,23.In addition, be connected on the independent contact P2 and common contact Q2 is connected under the state on the independent contact P4 at common contact Q1, the result is being added on the electrode 22,23 from the driving voltage of liquid crystal display with driving circuit 31.
Then, the driving method to the present embodiment 2 describes.
At first, before the liquid crystal display based on original picture intelligence drives,, carry out initialization process in order to carry out transfer to curved orientation.At first, by means of energized, ON-OFF control circuit 43 is to on-off circuit 42a output switch switching signal S3, simultaneously, to on-off circuit 32b output switch switching signal S2, make common contact Q1 and independent contact P1 become connection status, and, make common contact Q2 and independent contact P3 become connection status.By means of this, with driving circuit 40 driving voltage shown in Figure 7 is added between the electrode 22,23 from the orientation transfer.Then, after having passed through certain time interval T 2, ON-OFF control circuit 43 to on-off circuit 42a output switch switching signal S3, becomes connection status to common contact Q1 and independent contact P5.By means of this, electrode 22,23 and orientation shift with driving circuit 40 disconnections becomes the OPEN state.Such OPEN state is kept the time of W2, and among the W2,22,23 at electrode will become the charging hold mode during this OPEN state.
Passing through during the OPEN state behind the W2, ON-OFF control circuit 43, to on-off circuit 42a output switch switching signal S3, common contact Q1 and independent contact P1 become connection status once more.Then, alternatively carry out such orientation repeatedly and shift with driving and the OPEN state, from energized the time, begin to have passed through necessarily during after, entire electrode fully translates into curved orientation.
Then, passed through this certain during after, ON-OFF control circuit 43, to on-off circuit 42a output switch switching signal S3, simultaneously to on-off circuit 32b output switch switching signal S2, make common contact Q1 and independent contact P2 become connection status, and common contact Q2 and independent contact P4 become connection status.By means of this, just can show desirable image being added to 20,21 at electrode with the drive signal voltage of driving circuit 31 from liquid crystal display.Here, liquid crystal display is with driving circuit 31, and same with above-mentioned embodiment 1, the square-wave voltage that makes 30Hz, 2.7V is kept the curved orientation state and it is made as the OFF state, and the square-wave voltage of 30Hz, 7V is made as the ON state, and the OCB panel is shown.
Then, the inventor has made the liquid crystal indicator of above-mentioned formation, and has carried out the experiment of initialization process with above-mentioned driving method, below will tell about its result.Experiment condition is as described below in addition.
If electrode area is 2cm2, about 6 microns of cell gap, bias voltage B is 2V, and the frequency of ac square-wave voltage D is 30Hz, and amplitude is ± 4V that making alive time T 2 was fixed as 2 seconds.
Under these conditions, measured in that OPEN state time W2 is varied to and alternatively carried out the transfer time of voltage when applying state and OPEN state in 0 second, 0.2 second, 2 seconds, 3 seconds repeatedly, Fig. 8 shows its result.Here, so-called transfer time, refer to and in the whole zone of electrode area, finish the orientation needed time of transfer.
As shown in Figure 8, be 0 second at OPEN state time W2, when adding the alternating voltage of overlapping upper offset voltage continuously in other words, need 80 seconds transfer time.To this, if OPEN state time W2 is decided to be 0.2 second, and with overlapping the alternating voltage of above-mentioned bias voltage when alternatively switching repeatedly, then shorten to 40 seconds transfer time.But if OPEN state time W2 is decided to be 2 seconds, then conversely, will elongate 420 seconds transfer time, if again W2 is decided to be 3 seconds, then can not finish transfer.
By the way, T2 being decided to be 2 seconds, W2 being decided to be more than 0.1 second under the situation below 0.5 second, can obtain good result.
It is believed that by resembling the alternating voltage and the OPEN state that make above-mentioned after the biasing and switch repeatedly, make from spraying orientation to the state transition time of curved orientation migration the reasons are as follows of extremely weak point that become.That is, owing to add the alternating voltage of overlapping upper offset voltage, the liquid crystal molecular orientation of liquid crystal layer is shaken, between substrate, shown in Fig. 2 (d), become chaotic because of producing secund, secondly, by means of the switching of carrying out to short OPEN state transition kernel takes place, thereby accelerated transfer time.
In the above description, before or after the alternating voltage that adds overlapping upper offset voltage, add other voltage signal,, also can obtain above-mentioned effect even if secondly enter the OPEN state.
Holding time etc. of the magnitude of voltage of bias voltage or alternating voltage, making alive time or OPEN state can be selected according to desired transfer time in addition.The frequency of alternating voltage for example also can be the value of 10kHz etc. so long as the frequency that liquid crystal moves gets final product.Though what use as waveform is square wave, also can use the different AC wave shape of dutycycle.
(embodiment 3)
Fig. 9 is the formation synoptic diagram of pixel unit of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment 3.In the present embodiment 3, it is characterized in that possessing: alternatively carry out repeatedly the alternating voltage of overlapping upper offset voltage is added to the operation between aforesaid substrate and gives the operation that adds 0 voltage or low-voltage between aforesaid substrate, make liquid crystal layer translate into curved orientation from spraying orientation.
In the liquid crystal indicator of the present embodiment 3, give samely with reference to label for the component part identical with the liquid crystal indicator of above-mentioned embodiment 2, and omit explanation.In the present embodiment 3, do not use the on-off circuit 32b and the ON-OFF control circuit 43 of embodiment 2, use on-off circuit 42b and ON-OFF control circuit 53 and replace.In addition, in the present embodiment 3, orientation is not set shifts to replace and the orientation of adding low-voltage for 22,23 at electrode is set shifts and use driving circuit 50 with driving circuit 40.
Said switching circuit 42b is to remove 3 end-grain cutting that also possess independent contact P6 outside independent contact P3, the P4 to change circuit.The switch of this on-off circuit 42b switches, and is subjected to ON-OFF control circuit 53 controls.The common contact Q2 of on-off circuit 42b becomes state on any one independent contact that is connected among independent contact P3, P4, the P5 by means of the switch switching signal S4 from ON-OFF control circuit 53 in addition.
Be connected on the independent contact P1 at common contact Q1, and common contact Q2 is connected under the state on the independent contact P3, the driving voltage that the result comes auto-orientation to shift with driving circuit 40 just is added on the electrode 22,23.In addition, be connected on the independent contact P5 at common contact Q1, and common contact Q2 is connected under the state on the independent contact P6, the driving voltage that the result comes auto-orientation to shift with driving circuit 50 just is added on the electrode 22,23.Have, be connected on the independent contact P2 and common contact Q2 is connected under the state on the independent contact P4 at common contact Q1, the result is being added on the electrode 22,23 from the driving voltage of liquid crystal display with driving circuit 31.
Then, the driving method to the present embodiment 3 describes.
At first, before the liquid crystal display based on original picture intelligence drives,, carry out initialization process in order to carry out transfer to curved orientation.At first, by means of energized, ON-OFF control circuit 53 is to on-off circuit 42a output switch switching signal S3, simultaneously, to on-off circuit 42b output switch switching signal S2, make common contact Q1 and independent contact P1 become connection status, and, make common contact Q2 and independent contact P3 become connection status.By means of this, with driving circuit 40 driving voltage shown in Figure 10 is added between the electrode 22,23 from the orientation transfer.Then, after having passed through certain time interval T 3, ON-OFF control circuit 53, to on-off circuit 42a output switch switching signal S3, simultaneously, to on-off circuit 42b output switch switching signal S2, make common contact Q1 and independent contact P5 become connection status, and, make common contact Q2 and independent contact P6 become connection status.By means of this, with driving circuit 50 low-voltage shown in Figure 10 is added to 22,23 at electrode from the orientation transfer.Such low-voltage apply can during kept in the W3.
Then, passed through low-voltage apply during behind the W3, ON-OFF control circuit 53 is just to on-off circuit 42a output switch control signal S3, simultaneously to on-off circuit 42b output switch control signal S2, make common contact Q1 and independent contact P1 become connection status once more, and common contact Q2 and independent contact P3 become connection status.Then, carry out repeatedly alternatively that such alternating voltage applies operation and low-voltage applies operation, from energized the time, begin to have passed through certain during after, entire electrode translates into curved orientation fully.
Then, passed through this certain during after, ON-OFF control circuit 53, to on-off circuit 42a output switch switching signal S3, simultaneously to on-off circuit 42b output switch switching signal S2, make common contact Q1 and independent contact P2 become connection status, and common contact Q2 and independent contact P4 become connection status.By means of this, just can show desirable image being added to 20,21 at electrode with the drive signal voltage of driving circuit 31 from liquid crystal display.Here, liquid crystal display is with driving circuit 31, and same with above-mentioned embodiment 1, the square-wave voltage that makes 30Hz, 2.7V is kept the curved orientation state and it is made as the OFF state, and the square-wave voltage of 30Hz, 7V is made as the ON state, and the OCB panel is shown.
Then, the present inventor has made the liquid crystal indicator of above-mentioned formation, and has carried out the experiment of initialization process with above-mentioned driving method, below will tell about its result.Experiment condition is as described below in addition.
If electrode area is 2cm 2, about 6 microns of cell gap, bias voltage D is 2V, the frequency of ac square-wave voltage C and amplitude are 30Hz, ± 4V, making alive time T 3 was fixed as 1 second.In addition, the DC voltage of applying voltage and be among the W3-2V during low-voltage applies.
Under these conditions, measured W3 during low-voltage is applied and changed transfer time when making alternating voltage apply state and low-voltage to apply state and alternatively carry out repeatedly, Figure 11 shows its result.
As shown in Figure 11, be 0 second at the low-voltage application time, when adding the alternating voltage of overlapping upper offset voltage continuously in other words, need 80 seconds transfer time.To this, if low-voltage application time W3 is decided to be 0.1 second, and when alternatively switching repeatedly, then shorten to 60 seconds transfer time with the overlapping alternating voltage of above-mentioned bias voltage.But if low-voltage application time W3 is decided to be 1 second, then conversely, will elongate 360 seconds transfer time, if again W3 is decided to be 3 seconds, then can not finish transfer.
In addition, if make overlapping go up the 2V bias voltage ± 4V alternating voltage and DC voltage 0V switch repeatedly, then the shortlyest finished transfer in 50 seconds.In addition, if make overlapping go up the 2V bias voltage ± 4V alternating voltage and DC voltage ± 2V switch repeatedly, then can obtain the shortest at 50 seconds with interior transfer time.
By the way, T3 being decided to be 1 second, W2 being decided to be more than 0.1 second under the situation below 0.5 second, can obtain good result.
Employing resembles the alternating voltage that switches overlapping upper offset voltage above-mentioned repeatedly and applies the way that applies with low-voltage, just can make from spraying orientation also to lack under becoming than the situation of the alternating voltage that only applies overlapping upper offset voltage continuously the transfer time that curved orientation shifts.It is believed that this is because by adding the alternating voltage of overlapping upper offset voltage, the liquid crystal molecular orientation of liquid crystal layer is shaken, between substrate, shown in Fig. 2 (d), become chaotic because of producing secund, secondly, the switching of carrying out by means of the state that applies to short low-voltage and transition kernel takes place, thereby make the cause that accelerates transfer time.
Holding time etc. of the magnitude of voltage of bias voltage or alternating voltage, making alive time or OPEN state can be selected according to desired transfer time in addition.The frequency of alternating voltage for example also can be the value of 10kHz etc. so long as the frequency that liquid crystal moves gets final product.Though what use as waveform is square wave, also can use the different AC wave shape of dutycycle.
In addition, in above-mentioned example, during low-voltage applies among the W3, apply-low-voltage of 2V, also can make and apply 0V though make.
Then, alternating voltage is applied during T3 apply with low-voltage during the ratio of W3 and in each second alternating voltage apply the number of occurrence that applies with low-voltage and describe.Here, for the purpose of explanation, be located at low-voltage apply during voltage among the W3 be 0V, and alternating voltage apply with 0V apply repeatedly mutual, shown in the dotted line L of Figure 10, regard a transfer voltage as.In this case, in order to shorten transfer time, the scope of the frequency of transfer voltage L is from 0.1Hz to 100Hz, and the dutycycle of transfer voltage must be set in 1: 1 to 1000: 1 scope.In addition, the frequency range that it is desirable to transfer voltage is from 0.1Hz to 10Hz, and the dutycycle of transfer voltage becomes the scope from 2: 1 to 1000: 1.Its reason below is described.
Shift, in the dutycycle that applies voltage repeatedly in 1: 1 to 1: 10 scope, even if transition kernel has taken place by means of pulse width applies, apply in the relaxation time of regulation, also will turn back under the dormant state at the voltage in thereafter recurrent interval and spray orientation, be considered to not finish transfer.In order to enlarge transport zone, dutycycle can be 1: 1 to 1000: 1 the scope that pulse width becomes also wideer than the recurrent interval, it is desirable to from 2: 1 to 100: 1.If continuous from 1000: 1 to direct current, owing to be to become almost no longer to carry out the direction that pulse applies repeatedly, so be considered to take place the chance minimizing of transition kernel, thereby transfer can become long.
Though shift the above-mentioned toggle frequency that applies with voltage in addition and can be from continuously to about the 100Hz, but, in order to shift expansion, it is desirable to from the 10Hz that can obtain the pulse width more than about 100ms to dutycycle be 1000: 1 and can obtain the 0.1Hz in the recurrent interval more than about 10ms.
In addition, the inventor makes toggle frequency and change in duty cycle to add the transfer time under the voltage condition to the liquid crystal unit under the mutual condition of having measured at direct current-15V and 0V repeatedly, and table 1 shows its result.
Table 1
(unit: second)
As shown in Table 1, people confirmed frequency in the scope from 0.1Hz to 10Hz and dutycycle under the situation of 2: 1 to 1000: 1 scope, transfer time is extremely little, even if frequency in the scope from 0.1Hz to 100Hz and dutycycle also will become sufficiently little following transfer time for situation from 1: 1 to 1000: 1 scope.
(embodiment 4)
Figure 12 is the formation synoptic diagram of pixel unit of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment 4.In the present embodiment 4, show the present invention is applied to example in the driving method of active matrix type LCD device.
At first, referring to Figure 12, the formation of the liquid crystal indicator relevant with the driving method of the present embodiment 4 is described.The liquid crystal indicator of the present embodiment 4 for the formation of removing outside the driving circuit section, has the formation identical with the general active matrix type LCD device that possesses the OCB unit.That is, has a pair of glass substrate 60,61 and be clamped in the liquid crystal layer 66 of 60,61 of glass substrates.It is mutually opposed that glass substrate 60,61 is configured to predetermined interval.On the medial surface of glass substrate 60, form the common electrode 62 that the transparency electrode by ITO constitutes, on the medial surface of glass substrate 61, form the pixel capacitors 63 that constitutes by ito transparent electrode.Form the alignment films 64,65 that is made of polyimide film on above-mentioned common electrode 62 and pixel capacitors 63, this alignment films 64,65 has been carried out orientation process makes direction of orientation become direction parallel to each other.The liquid crystal layer 66 that constitutes by the nematic liquid crystal of P type to 64,65 insertions of alignment films then.In addition, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecule on the alignment films 64,65 is set at about 5 degree, reaching critical voltage and be set at 2.6V from spray being orientated to shift to curved orientation.The optical path difference of optical compensation plate 67 is selected as becoming white and shows or black display when the ON state.In addition, in the drawings, the 68, the 69th, polaroid.
In addition, in the drawings, the 71, the 72nd, orientation shifts uses driving circuit, and this orientation shifts with driving circuit 71, and playing with common electrode center shown in Figure 14 is benchmark, adds driving voltage for common electrode 62, and adds the effect of 0V for pixel capacitors 63.In addition, as other formation, orientation shifts and plays a part to add 0V to common electrode 62 and pixel capacitors 63 with driving circuit 72.In addition, the 73rd, the liquid crystal display driving circuit, liquid crystal display plays a part to apply the driving voltage with voltage waveform shown in Figure 13 to common electrode 62 and pixel capacitors 63 with driving circuit 73.That is, liquid crystal display is with driving circuit 73, to pixel capacitors 63 add Figure 13 with reference to the voltage shown in the label M1, to common electrode 62 add Figure 13 with reference to the voltage shown in the label M2.In addition, if use above-mentioned formation, then during the orientation transfer in, though make to pixel capacitors 63 and add 0V,, can not do so yet, even and if replace make during orientation shifts in, also apply pixel capacitors voltage with driving circuit 73 from liquid crystal display.
In addition, 74a, 74b are on-off circuits, the 75th, and the ON-OFF control circuit of the switching of the switch solution of gauge tap circuit 74a, 74b.Said switching circuit 74a possesses 3 independent contact P7, P8, P9 and a common contact Q1, and said switching circuit 74b possesses 3 independent contact P10, P11, P12 and a common contact Q2.Be connected on the independent contact P7 and common contact Q2 has been connected under the state on the independent contact P10 at common contact Q1, the result is added on the electrode 62,63 with regard to becoming the driving voltage that comes auto-orientation to shift with driving circuit 71.In addition, be connected on the independent contact P8 and common contact Q2 has been connected under the state on the independent contact P11 at common contact Q1, the result is just being added on the electrode 62,63 from the driving voltage of liquid crystal display with driving circuit 73.
Then, the driving method to the present embodiment 4 describes.
At first, before the liquid crystal display based on original picture intelligence drives,, carry out initialization process in order to carry out transfer to curved orientation.At first, by means of energized, ON-OFF control circuit 75 is to on-off circuit 74a output switch switching signal, simultaneously, to on-off circuit 74b output switch switching signal, make common contact Q1 and independent contact P7 become connection status, and make common contact Q2 and independent contact P10 become connection status.By means of this, with driving circuit 71 driving voltage shown in Figure 14 is added on the electrode 62 from the orientation transfer.That is, be benchmark with the common electrode center, add overlapping on-GV and the alternating voltage common electrode central synchronous.In addition, add 0V to pixel capacitors.Then, during T4 keep applying of this alternating voltage.
Then, during having passed through alternating voltage and having applied behind the T4, ON-OFF control circuit 75 is just to on-off circuit 74a output switch switching signal, simultaneously to on-off circuit 74b output switch switching signal, make common contact Q1 and independent contact P9 become connection status, and make common contact Q2 and independent contact P12 become connection status.By means of this, shift with driving circuit 72 from orientation, as shown in figure 14, add 0V to common electrode 62 and pixel capacitors 63.During keep this 0V voltage application in the W4.
Then, during having passed through 0V voltage and having applied after the W4, ON-OFF control circuit 75 is just to on-off circuit 74a output switch switching signal, simultaneously to on-off circuit 74b output switch switching signal, make common contact Q1 and independent contact P7 become connection status once more, and, make common contact Q2 and independent contact P10 become connection status.Make such alternating voltage apply operation and 0V voltage and apply operation and alternatively carry out repeatedly, from energized the time, passed through certain during after, entire electrode just translates into curved orientation fully.
Then, passed through this certain during after, ON-OFF control circuit 75, just to on-off circuit 74a output switch switching signal, simultaneously to on-off circuit 74b output switch switching signal, make common contact Q1 and independent contact P8 become connection status, and, make common contact Q2 and independent contact P11 become connection status.By means of this, the result just becomes being added between the electrode 62,63 from the drive signal voltage of liquid crystal display with driving circuit 73, shows desirable image.Here, liquid crystal display is defined as the driving voltage 2.7V that keeps the curved orientation state between two electrodes minimum with driving circuit 73 and it is decided to be the OFF state, makes the voltage of the upper limit be defined as 7V and it is decided to be the ON state, and the OCB panel is shown.
Adopt above-mentioned driving method,, just can carry out high-quality driving and show and be not orientated defective fully as the liquid crystal indicator of the active matric of the OCB of the curved orientation formula of wide visual field high-speed responsive.
Then, the inventor has made the liquid crystal indicator of above-mentioned formation, and has carried out the experiment of initialization process with above-mentioned driving method, below will tell about its result.Experiment condition is as described below in addition.
If about 6 microns of cell gap, bias voltage G be-6V, the frequency of ac square-wave voltage and amplitude are 7.92Hz, ± 10V, and making alive time T 3 was fixed as 0.5 second.In addition, W4 is decided to be 0.5 second during 0V voltage applies.
If adopt above-mentioned experimental result, then can shift with the orientation in the interior panel full pel of finishing above-mentioned liquid crystal indicator in 2 seconds substantially.
In addition, when overlapping offset voltage not, make all state of orientation of display surface shift about needs 20 seconds.Therefore, overlapping upper offset voltage drives in the present embodiment 4 even if be considered to, and also can realize the shorteningization of transfer time.
(embodiment 5)
Orientation as the active matrix type LCD device of ocb mode shifts relevant driving method, also can replace above-mentioned driving voltage waveform shown in Figure 14 with the driving voltage waveform of Figure 15 and drive.That is, during alternating voltage applies among the W4, being benchmark with the common electrode center applies-DC voltage of 15V to common electrode 62, and the time is 0.2 second.Alternatively carrying out DC voltage-15V then repeatedly applies with 0V voltage and applies.In such driving method, also can positively and in the extremely short time finish transfer.
In addition, the present inventor tests with above-mentioned driving method, learns can obtain 2 seconds with interior transfer time.
(embodiment 6)
The feature of the present embodiment 6 is, be substituted in the active matrix type LCD device that uses in the above-mentioned embodiment 4,5, the driving method of above-mentioned embodiment 4,5 is applied on switching device, disposes planarization film, constitute thereon in the liquid crystal indicator that the planarization film of pixel capacitors constitutes.Below specifically describe driving method.The orientation of overlapping upper offset voltage that adds 0.5 second above-mentioned embodiment 4 shifts use voltage, follows, and makes it to become the OPEN state 0.5 second, alternatively carries out above-mentioned way repeatedly.If adopt this driving method, can more successfully carry out with interior and transfer at 1 second transfer time.This is because constitute by means of planarization film, can reduce pixel capacitors and make at interval successfully from spraying the cause that orientation shifts to curved orientation.
(other item)
1. in the above-described embodiment,, also can make and add DC voltage though make the alternating voltage that adds overlapping upper offset voltage, like this, owing to can be unipolarity voltage also, so driving circuit can be simplified.2. in the above-described embodiment, though the ac voltage signal of overlapping upper offset voltage is used as the explanation that direct current carries out to bias voltage,,, also can be the AC signal of low frequency in order to improve reliability.3. the optimum range of the frequency of voltage and dutycycle repeatedly also can be used in the embodiment of other beyond embodiment 3.4. in the above-described embodiment, though the driving method of the liquid crystal indicator of invention is the explanation that the liquid crystal indicator with through mode carries out,, also can be reflective liquid crystal indicator.In addition, also can use full color color filter the full color formula liquid crystal indicator or do not have the liquid crystal indicator of color filter.
(embodiment 7)
Figure 16 is the summary section of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment of the present invention 7, and Figure 17 is the general view of same device.
Liquid crystal indicator shown in Figure 16 has polaroid 101,102, is configured in the phase compensator 103 that the optical compensation of the inboard of this polaroid 101 is used, and is configured in the active matrix type liquid crystal unit 104 of 101,102 of above-mentioned polaroids.
Above-mentioned liquid crystal cells 104 have the array base palte 106 that constitutes by glass etc. and with this array base palte 106 substrate in opposite directions 105 in opposite directions, on the inner face of above-mentioned array base palte 106, form pixel capacitors 108, on the inner face of above-mentioned substrate in opposite directions 105, form common electrode 107.In addition, on this pixel capacitors 108, form alignment films 110, on common electrode 107, form alignment films 109.
In addition, the switching device 111 that the TFT device that configuration for example by a-Si is on above-mentioned array base palte 106 etc. constitutes, this switching device 111 is connected on the above-mentioned pixel capacitors 108.
In addition, between above-mentioned alignment films 109,110, liner that the diameter that disposing does not draw comes is 5 microns and the liquid crystal layer 112 that has the anisotropic nematic liquid crystal material of positive dielectric coefficient to constitute.In addition, the pre-tilt angle of above-mentioned alignment films 109,110 its lip-deep liquid crystal molecules has positive and negative opposite value, and has carried out the feasible parallel direction that becomes substantially each other of parallel-oriented processing on same direction.Therefore, above-mentioned liquid crystal layer 112 under voltage does not apply state, forms the so-called injection orientation that the orientation area by the oblique expansion of liquid crystal molecule constitutes.
In addition, above-mentioned alignment films 110 is made of the alignment films 110b of the pre-tilt angle A2 (the 1st pre-tilt angle) of the alignment films 110a of the pre-tilt angle B2 (the 3rd pre-tilt angle) of big value and little value.In addition, above-mentioned alignment films 109, alignment films 109b by the pre-tilt angle C2 (the 2nd pre-tilt angle) of the alignment films 109a of the pre-tilt angle D2 (the 4th pre-tilt angle) of little value and big value constitutes, dispose pre-tilt angle C2 opposite to each other with pre-tilt angle A2, dispose pre-tilt angle D2 opposite to each other with pre-tilt angle B2.
In addition, above-mentioned alignment films 109,110, with grinding cross pipe (rubbing cross), with the rectangular substantially direction of signal electrode line 113 on, upper and lower base plate has carried out parallel-oriented processing on same direction.
Secondly, the manufacture method of this liquid crystal indicator is described.
At first, on the inner face of array base palte 106, form signal scanning line 113, switching device 111 and pixel capacitors 108.
Then, the conduct of the polyamic acid type that coating daily output chemical industry (strain) company produces on above-mentioned pixel capacitors 108 has the alignment film of polyimide material of pre-tilt angle B2 of the 3rd pre-tilt angle of the big values of about 5 degree, after drying, carry out sintering, on pixel capacitors 108, form alignment films 110a.
Then,, make the little value that changes about 2 degree as the pre-tilt angle A2 of the 1st pre-tilt angle, form alignment films 110b to the paper upper left side area illumination ultraviolet ray of above-mentioned alignment films 110a.
On the inner face of substrate 105 in opposite directions, form common electrode 107.
Then, the pre-tilt angle C2 as the 2nd pre-tilt angle with about 5 big values of spending that applies the polyamide-acid type of daily output chemical industry (strain) company production on above-mentioned common electrode 107 limits gives the alignment film of polyimide material of interface liquid crystal molecule, after drying, carry out sintering, on common electrode 107, form alignment films 109b.
Then, one-sided zone, right side on the paper of above-mentioned alignment films 109b (with the pre-tilt angle B2 zone in opposite directions of big value) irradiation ultraviolet radiation with pre-tilt angle, make the little value that changes about 2 degree as the pre-tilt angle D2 of the 4th pre-tilt angle, form alignment films 109a.
As mentioned above, as shown in Figure 26, the pre-tilt angle C2 (the 2nd pre-tilt angle) of big value can be disposed with the pre-tilt angle A2 (the 1st pre-tilt angle) of little value opposite to each other, the pre-tilt angle D2 (42 pre-tilt angle) of little value can be disposed opposite to each other with the pre-tilt angle B2 (the 3rd pre-tilt angle) of big value.
In addition, also can resemble and control pre-tilt angle following.
That is, shown in Figure 18 (a), the switching device of the active matric that the TFT device that formation by a-Si is on array base palte 106 etc. constitutes (not drawing) is connected to and forms pixel capacitors 108 on this device.
Then, shown in Figure 18 (b), under ozone atmosphere,, compare with the right side area of pixel capacitors 108 and to carry out planarization, form planarization regions 108a to the left field irradiation ultraviolet radiation of above-mentioned pixel capacitors 108.
Then, shown in Figure 18 (c), coating drying or sintering form alignment films 110 by the orientation of polyimide material of preposition acid imide (preimide) type of JSR company production on above-mentioned pixel capacitors 108.
Under situation about forming in this wise, be positioned at liquid crystal molecule 140 pre-tilt angle on the planarization regions of pixel capacitors 108, can make than the also little value of pre-tilt angle that is positioned at the liquid crystal molecule 140 on the planarization regions 108a not.Adopt the way of also carrying out same processing for common electrode in addition, same with Figure 16, can make the liquid crystal indicator that in same pixel, has the 1st liquid crystal cell areas and the 2nd liquid crystal cell areas.
Secondly, as shown in figure 16, to the alignment films 109 of pre-tilt angle of giving size mutually that forms as mentioned above and the surface of alignment films 110 like that, with grind cross pipe with signal electrode line 113 rectangular directions on the same direction of upper and lower base plate carry out parallel-oriented processing, the liquid crystal layer 112 that configuration is made of positive nematic liquid crystal material (left side from Figure 16 to the right).
In the liquid crystal indicator of making in this wise, little pre-tilt angle A2 is configured in the orientation source (upper reaches one side of the processing direction of grinding) of above-mentioned pixel capacitors 108, the pre-tilt angle C2 of big value is configured in its side in opposite directions, when giving between common electrode 107 and the pixel capacitors 108, as the 1st voltage, when adding 2.5V, in (I) zone (the 1st liquid crystal cell areas) of the pixel of Figure 16, be easy to be formed on the b-injection orientation 120 that array base palte 106 1 side liquid crystal molecules spray orientation, and in (II) of pixel zone (the 2nd liquid crystal cell areas), be easy to form the t-that makes liquid crystal molecule spray orientation in substrate 105 1 sides in opposite directions and spray orientation 121.
Promptly, as Figure 16, shown in Figure 17, when the switching device by above-mentioned liquid crystal cells 104 111 adds 2.5V as the 1st voltage for common electrode 107 and 108 of pixel capacitors, in pixel, form b-and spray orientation area (the 1st liquid crystal cell areas) and t-injection orientation area (the 2nd liquid crystal cell areas), on its border, along signal electrode line 113 and stride across gate electrode line 114,114 ', form disclination line 123 (the disclination line forms operation) legibly.
In addition, adopt and give between above-mentioned common electrode 107 and the above-mentioned pixel capacitors 108, as the 2nd voltage, add that repeatedly voltage is-way of the pulse of 15V, as shown in figure 17, begin to produce transition kernel and shift expansion to curved orientation 124 from disclination line 123, with about 3 seconds, TFT panel pixel all promptly shifted (orientation transfering process).
This is considered to because this sprays the disclination line zone on the border of state of orientation and t-injection orientation area as b-.The energy of distortion becomes than high on every side, under this state, adopts to give between upper/lower electrode to add high-tension way, and energize sprays the cause that orientation translates into curved orientation.
(embodiment 8)
Figure 19 shows the skeleton diagram of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment of the present invention 8.
When showing usually, the gate electrode line becomes ON successively and scans, but before showing usually, employing makes the gate electrode line become ON successively, give between above-mentioned common electrode 107 and the above-mentioned pixel capacitors 108, add repeatedly-way of the pulse voltage of 15V as the 1st voltage, between pixel capacitors 108 and gate electrode line 114,114 ', produce and result from the transverse electric field of potential difference (PD).Then, by means of above-mentioned transverse electric field, as shown in figure 19, enlarge from producing transition kernel near disclination line 123 and the gate electrode line 114,114 ' and shifting to curved orientation, the TFT panel all is used in to enlarge to curved orientation quickly in about 1 second and shifts (orientation transfering process).
It is believed that this be because as b-spray state of orientation and t-spray orientation area the border disclination line zone the distortion energy than around uprise, under this state, by adding transverse electric field also for above-mentioned disclination line from the gate electrode line of landscape configuration, provide more energy, the cause that shifts apace.In addition, after shifting end, gate electrode line 114,114 ' just returns common scanning mode.
In addition, also can apply for the 2nd voltage that adds between above-mentioned pixel capacitors and the common electrode continuously.In addition, under the voltage condition that applies pulse type repeatedly, be scope from 0.1Hz to 100Hz in its frequency, and the dutycycle of the 2nd voltage is at least in the effect that can obtain quickening to shift in 1: 1 to 1000: 1 scope.
(other item)
In embodiment 7,8,, also can be big value though the D2 in the zone, orientation destination of common electrode is decided to be little value.In addition, though the B2 in the zone, orientation destination of pixel capacitors is decided to be big value, because the influence of transverse electric field will become t-and spray orientation, so even if little value also can obtain effect.
In addition,,, then have the shortening effect of transfer time, can further accelerate transfer time if the ratio of the two is big though, in opposite directions pre-tilt angle C2 is decided to be 5 degree with respect to 2 degree of the pre-tilt angle A2 of a side substrate one side.
In addition, in the above description, though the value of a little side's pre-tilt angle A2 is decided to be 2 degree, shift for making it easily to spray orientation to b-, value as pre-tilt angle A2, the D2 of little value can be below 3 degree, and the pre-tilt angle B2 of big value, C2 can be more than 4 degree.
In addition, though on for signal electrode line 113 rectangular directions, the orientation process direction has been carried out parallel-oriented processing with the same direction of substrate ground, but also can carry out parallel-oriented processing on and the same direction of upper and lower base plate ground last for gate electrode line 114 rectangular directions (that is, becoming vertical direction) for the paper among Figure 16.At this moment, the formation place difference of disclination line.
In addition, if above-mentioned direction of carrying out orientation process abreast, for example depart from about 2 degree ground from right angle orientation and carry out orientation process along the electrode wires of this pixel capacitors, owing to obliquely add transverse electric field for the disclination line that in pixel, forms from electrode, so add distortion power for the liquid crystal molecule that sprays orientation, becoming is easy to shift to curved orientation, becomes the positively fast liquid crystal indicator of transfer.
In addition, as the 1st voltage, so long as get final product greater than the voltage that can form the disclination line.Though make in addition to pixel capacitors together the electricity consumption interpolar add the 2nd voltage, also can be added on the common electrode.
In addition, as above-mentioned aligning film material, though what use is polyimide material,, also can be other material of unimolecular film material etc.
In other liquid crystal indicator, for example, substrate also can be formed by plastic base.In addition, also can form a side of substrate, for example, form with silicon by the reflectivity substrate.
(embodiment 9)
The present embodiment is the concavo-convex embodiment that has formed respectively the shape that embeds mutually with signal electrode line and pixel capacitors and gate electrode line and pixel capacitors.
Figure 20, Figure 21 schematically show the key position of the liquid crystal indicator of the present embodiment.
This figure is the accompanying drawing from the pixel of the liquid crystal indicator of the ocb mode of display surface top (user's one side) active matric.
In Figure 20, the 206th, signal electrode line (bus), the 207th, gate electrode line, the 208th, switching transistor (device).
In addition, in the drawings, though signal electrode line 206 intersects with gate electrode line 207, what two sides' electrode wires was natural can be with the mode stereoscopic configurations of sandwich dielectric film (not drawing).
In addition, the switching transistor 208 that is made of TFT is connected in the drawings haply on the foursquare pixel capacitors 202a.So, function, action and the effect of signal electrode line 206, gate electrode line 207, switching transistor 208, pixel capacitors 202a not only with ocb mode, also have nothing different with existing liquid crystal indicator.
In addition, spray orientation in order to make liquid crystal molecule 211 at first, up and down alignment films 203a, 203b used and ground cross pipe etc. and carried out orientation process, this point also is identical with existing liquid crystal indicator.
Have again, effect with polaroid 204a, 204b etc., also by means of becoming the effect that in the curved orientation zone of curved orientation state all liquid crystal molecules in the pixel is all shifted from the injection state of orientation in the pixel at substrate chien shih liquid crystal molecule in opposite directions, carry out the demonstration of light and shade, this point also is identical with existing liquid crystal indicator.
But, shown in Figure 20 (a), on each middle body haply on each limit of foursquare pixel capacitors 202a haply, be formed with protuberance 221a and protuberance 222a.On the other hand, on the signal electrode line 206 and gate electrode line 207 near configuration, make to be embedded among protuberance 221a and the protuberance 222a and go like that with it, on protuberance 261,271 and recess 262,272, carried out the wiring of distortion.For this reason, the transverse electric field applying portion that the transfer that forms distortion encourages usefulness is gone up in the position up and down (on the paper among Figure 20 (a)) that the result becomes at pixel capacitors 202a, and this point is different with existing liquid crystal indicator.
Secondly, the manufacture method of this liquid crystal indicator is described.
Possess on the pixel capacitors 202a face of transverse electric field applying portion and common electrode 202b face on, the polyimide material of the pre-tilt angle of about 5 degree of the polyamic acid type that coating drying and sintering daily output chemical industry (strain) company produces forms alignment films 203a, 203b in liquid crystal layer 210 1 sides of separately electrode surface.
Secondly, to the surface of above-mentioned alignment films 203a, 203b, carry out orientation process on the direction of orthogonal substantially with grinding cross pipe such as Figure 20 (a) be shown in and signal electrode line 206.
On above basis, vacuum is injected positive nematic liquid crystal material formation liquid crystal layer 210 between substrate up and down.
For this reason, do not come though draw, on the surface of alignment films 203a, 203b up and down, liquid crystal molecule 211 its pre-tilt angle have positive and negative reciprocal value, and, the d-axis direction of molecule is oriented to and makes and to become parallelly each other substantially, and liquid crystal layer 210 applies the so-called injection orientation that becomes the oblique expansion of liquid crystal molecule under the state at so-called no-voltage.
Secondly, illustrate and be used for action that liquid crystal indicator is shown.
On above basis, give between common electrode 202b and pixel capacitors 202a apply repeatedly-voltage of the higher pulse type of the such voltage ratio in field of liquid crystals of 15V in, make gate electrode line 207 become common scanning mode or become the state that almost all becomes ON.By means of this, give between gate electrode line 207, signal electrode line 206 and pixel capacitors 202a with the transverse electric field applying portion, add than the also strong transverse electric field of common transverse electric field on every side.Consequently, in the injection orientation area in pixel area, under the situation of grinding on the direction of orthogonal substantially with signal electrode line 206, main is being in the liquid crystal layer 299 of basic point with the transverse electric field applying portion between gate electrode line 207 and pixel capacitors 202a, produces the transition kernel that shifts to curved orientation.In addition, as shown in figure 21, with the direction of gate electrode line 207 orthogonals under the situation of grinding, is being in the liquid crystal layer 298 of basic point with the transverse electric field applying portion between signal electrode line 206 and pixel capacitors 202a mainly then, produce transition kernel to the curved orientation transfer.
Have, based on this transition kernel, the curved orientation zone enlarges again, and its result can make whole pixel area finish transfer to curved orientation in about 0.5 second.
In addition, though be such mechanism, but, it is believed that this is because owing to add high voltage between upper/lower electrode, shown in Figure 20 (b), liquid crystal layer 210 becomes b-and sprays state of orientation, the energy of distortion becomes than high on every side, add transverse electric field from the transverse electric field applying portion in (Figure 20 (b) face vertical direction) direction that meets at right angles substantially for this liquid crystal molecular orientation state, can be subjected to distortion power so the b-of Figure 20 (b) sprays the liquid crystal molecule of infrabasal plate one side in the orientation, form the cause of the generation of transition kernel.
In the above description, though the transverse electric field applying portion makes the jog of pixel capacitors part of being out of shape and two sides' signal electrode line is formed embedding each other concavo-convexly, but, as shown in figure 22, can certainly be only on pixel capacitors 202a, only on signal electrode line 206, only on gate electrode line 207, form.
That is, in this figure, protuberance 223a, the 2024a of the protuberance 263 of signal electrode line 206, the protuberance 273 of gate electrode line 207, pixel capacitors 202a, no matter which side only is positioned at, not becoming mutual embedded this point is different with situation shown in Figure 20.
In addition, the flat shape of jog can certainly be that Figure 20 arrives triangle shown in Figure 22, quadrangle shape in addition, for example also can be platform shape shape, semi-circular shape, toroidal, elliptical shape etc.
Have again, at Figure 20 in Figure 22, though the transverse electric field applying portion is arranged on 4 places of total up and down of 1 pixel, the size that depends on pixel also can only be provided with up and down two or only be provided with 1, can certainly form concavo-convex continuously along electrode edge in addition.In addition, up to now, though be decided to be and signal electrode line or gate electrode line orthogonal substantially grinding a direction,, also can be decided to be oblique direction grinding direction.In this case, will take place from the transfer of the liquid crystal layer of the transverse electric field applying portion between signal electrode line and gate electrode line to curved orientation.In addition, it is desirable in pixel unit, to dispose at least one at least can with grind the transverse electric field applying portion that direction adds transverse electric field substantially on the direction of orthogonal.
In addition, Figure 20 to Figure 22 owing to be planimetric map, so though two electrode wires (signal electrode line 206 and gate electrode line 207) and pixel capacitors 202a can regard as is in the same plane,, at least the electrode wires in a distant place is configured to different with the height of pixel capacitors on array base palte.
As mentioned above, the transverse electric field applying portion that the electrode deformation that is out of shape by a part that makes the periphery of pixel capacitors in the face parallel with real estate partly constitutes concavo-convexly, separate about about 0.5～10 micron in the plane, the existence of the recess that goes down by means of the protuberance of the signal electrode line of the side that is present in the transverse electric field applying portion or gate electrode line or about 0.5～10 micron depression produces transverse electric field.
(embodiment 10)
The present embodiment setting applies the electrode wires that transverse electric field is used.
Below, the limit is referring to Figure 23 limit explanation the present embodiment.
(a) of this figure is the planimetric map when seeing above substrate.(b) be the sectional view of on the face parallel, cutting open with the gate electrode line 207 of liquid crystal indicator.
In the (a) and (b) of this figure, the 209th, on the positive substantially following part of the signal electrode line 206 on the array base palte 201a, lay the electric wire that applies special use for transverse electric field.The 212nd, be used for making above-mentioned transverse electric field to apply the transparent insulating film that insulate with line 209 and signal electrode line 206, gate electrode line 207 etc.Therefore, under the situation of watching from top (with user's one side direction of display surface orthogonal), shown in Figure 23 (a), the protuberance of overlooking square shape 291 that applies with line 209 at the central portion office of pixel transverse electric field highlights to the side of signal electrode line 206.In addition, above-mentioned signal electrode line 206 and pixel capacitors 202a and the appropriate section of prior art are without any different.
Above-mentioned transverse electric field applying portion 209, be connected on the driving circuit that above-mentioned signal electrode line 206 or gate electrode line 207 are coupled together, in addition, above-mentioned transverse electric field applying portion 209, when being constituted as the common liquid crystal display after orientation shifts, disconnect driving circuit.
In addition, above-mentioned transverse electric field is applied with line 209 when the signal electrode line of doing the top of signal electrode line 206, and exist transparent insulating film ground in the middle of being set near pixel capacitors, increase the effect that transverse electric field applies, also can be electrically connected simultaneously with the contact hole that comes that do not draw in the transparent insulating film.In this case, because the signal electrode line becomes 2, increase the effect that redundance reduces resistance so have.
That is, shown in Figure 23 (c), transverse electric field applies with existing transparent insulating film 213 ground in the middle of the line 209a and is set at just going up of signal electrode line 206.In addition, have at the pixel middle body that to overlook leg-of-mutton protuberance 291a also be identical.
In addition, Figure 23 (d) is the other example of the present embodiment.As shown in the figure, transverse electric field applies with the line 209b transparent insulating film 212b that is flattened and is covered, in addition, be covered at the following signal electrode line 206 of the industrial siding 209b transparent insulating film 212c that is flattened, pixel capacitors 202a is arranged on the above-mentioned planarization transparent insulating film 212b.In addition, it also is identical having the protuberance 291b that overlooks triangle at the pixel middle body.
In addition, in the drawings, though the protuberance that this transverse electric field is applied the industrial siding of usefulness makes triangle, also can have with pixel capacitors entire portion in opposite directions on protuberance is set continuously, or also having the three-dimensional structure of protuberance of highlighting upward etc., this is self-evident.
In addition, also can industrial siding rather than the signal electrode line that transverse electric field applies usefulness be set at the just following of gate electrode line or just.
(embodiment 11)
The present embodiment, the breach that a place is set in pixel capacitors at least forms defect part.
Figure 24 schematically shows the unilateral and feature of pixel unit of the liquid crystal indicator of the present embodiment.As shown in this figure, remove the pixel capacitors 202a that constitutes by the ITO film with etching and form the electrode defects part 225 that several microns width are overlooked crank shape.
In addition, on possessing on the pixel capacitors 202a face of this electrode defects part 225 and not drawing next common electrode face, the alignment film of polyimide material of the pre-tilt angle of about 5 degree of the polyamic acid type that coating drying and sintering daily output chemical industry (strain) company produces, form alignment films (do not draw come) respectively, again with the grinding cross pipe with the direction of gate electrode line 207 orthogonals on orientation process is carried out on its surface.The pre-tilt angle of liquid crystal molecule has positive and negative reciprocal value for this reason, and by parallel-oriented parallel for becoming substantially each other on same direction, this point is identical with embodiment 9 and 10.
Therefore, liquid crystal layer applies under the state liquid crystal cells that forms the so-called injection orientation that the orientation area by the oblique expansion of liquid crystal molecule constitutes at so-called no-voltage, also is identical.
But, when between the common electrode and pixel capacitors given before showing, add repeatedly 15V or to common electrode add-potential pulse of 15V the time, make gate electrode become common scanning mode or when almost completely becoming the state of ON, owing in pixel unit, exist electrode defects part 225, so shown in Figure 24 (b), will produce the oblique transverse electric field 280 of strong distortion in the edge of this electrode defects part 225.
For this reason, injection orientation in the pixel area, the transition kernel that shifts to curved orientation will take place in the liquid crystal layer 299 of this electrode defects part 225, and this curved orientation zone further enlarges makes whole pixel area finish transfer to curved orientation in about 0.5 second.
This is because be subjected to strong transverse electric field in the transverse electric field applying portion that is made of electrode defects part 225, near it liquid crystal molecule is configured to horizontality on real estate, become so-called b-and spray state of orientation, the energy of distortion becomes than high on every side, owing to adding this voltage between upper/lower electrode on the basis of this state, more energy is provided, and the result produces the cause that transition kernel curved orientation zone enlarges in electrode defects part 225.
In addition, in Figure 24,, can certainly make more than 2 though form an electrode defects part 225 of overlooking crank shape.
In addition, as for its shape, self-evident also can be straight line, rectangle or circle, ellipse and triangle.
Have, electrode defects part 225 also can form in common electrode one side again.
Also have in addition, can certainly be at this two square one-tenth of a pixel capacitors common electrode.
(embodiment 12)
The present embodiment when producing transverse electric field, forms different zone, pitch angle therewith in advance in pixel plane.
Figure 25 schematically shows the formation and the feature of pixel unit of the liquid crystal indicator of the present embodiment.(a) of this figure is the sectional view with the pixel of the direction of gate electrode line parallel, is same pixel, still, locates at (I) in left side and (II) on right side, shows the different sight in pitch angle.
Figure 25 (b) is the planimetric map of the pixel watched from last (user's one side) direction, at pixel capacitors 202a jog 221a, 222a be set up and down, in addition, also be provided with jog 261,262,271,272, make and on the position of the correspondence of signal electrode line 206 and gate electrode line 207, embed each other with above-mentioned jog 221a, 222a, same with the said embodiment in front 7, add 2.5V, at (I) and the formation of boundary (II) the disclination line 226 of Figure 25 (a) as the 1st voltage.
Below, the manufacture method of the liquid crystal indicator of the present embodiment is described.
On the substrate inner face in opposite directions of the liquid crystal cells of active matric, form alignment films 203am, 203bm respectively, this alignment films 203am, 203bm, apply the processing of having carried out forming the injection orientation under the state at no-voltage, with at pixel capacitors 202a or closely carried out forming the transverse electric field applying unit that shifts excitation usefulness on the gate electrode line 207 etc. of wiring with it and graded, be identical with previous embodiment 1.
But the processing of alignment films is different.Promptly, in Figure 25 (a), possessing on the pixel capacitors 202a face of transverse electric field applying portion, the polyimide material of the pre-tilt angle B2 of the big value with about 5 degree of the polyamic acid type that coating drying and sintering daily output chemical industry (strain) company produces forms alignment films 203am.
Secondly, only to the one-sided regional 203ah in the left side of this alignment films 203am, promptly only on the direction shown in (I), irradiation ultraviolet radiation makes it to be varied to the alignment films that pre-tilt angle E2 is approximately the so little value of 2 degree.
To this, on substrate 201b in opposite directions, the polyimide material of the pre-tilt angle F2 of the big values of about 5 degree of the polyamic acid type that coating drying and sintering daily output chemical industry (strain) company produces on common electrode 202b, forms alignment films 203bh.
Secondly, only to the one-sided regional 203bm in the right side of this alignment films 203bh, promptly only on the direction shown in (II), irradiation ultraviolet radiation makes it to be varied to the alignment films that pre-tilt angle D2 is approximately the so little value of 2 degree.
So, shown in Figure 25 (a) (I), dispose half the pre-tilt angle F2 of big value of alignment films 203bh of the substrate 201b one side left side in opposite directions opposite to each other with half the pre-tilt angle E2 of little value of alignment films 203ah of the array base palte 201a one side left side, shown in Figure 25 (a) (II), dispose half the pre-tilt angle D2 of little value of alignment films 203bm of substrate 201b one side the right in opposite directions opposite to each other with half the pre-tilt angle B2 of big value of alignment films 203am of array base palte 201a the right.
In addition, to the surface of the alignment films of giving the pre-tilt angle that varies in size each other that forms in this wise, with grinding cross pipe, shown in Figure 25 (b), with signal electrode 6 substantially on the direction of orthogonal, the same direction of upper and lower base plate ground carries out parallel-oriented processing.Then, fill positive nematic liquid crystal material, the liquid crystal layer 210 that configuration is made of it.
On above basis, little pre-tilt angle E2 is configured on the pixel capacitors 202a orientation source (the basic direction of grinding), the pre-tilt angle F2 of big value is configured in the side in opposite directions with this pre-tilt angle E2, in zone, be easy to form and make liquid crystal molecular orientation spray orientation 227b, in zone, be easy to form and liquid crystal molecular orientation sprayed at the t-of upper substrate one side be orientated 227t with (II) expression of the pixel of Figure 25 (a) at the b-of infrabasal plate one side with (I) expression of the pixel of Figure 25 (a).
Secondly, when giving when adding near the 2.5V that shifts the critical voltage between switching transistor 208 electrode in opposite directions by liquid crystal cells, for above-mentioned reason, in same pixel, form b-and spray orientation area and t-injection orientation area, on its border, along signal electrode line 206 and stride across gate electrode line 207 and form disclination line 226 legibly.
Give between the common electrode of this pixel and pixel capacitors to add repeatedly-pulse of 15V.So, shown in Figure 25 (b), produce transition kernel, shift, all in about 1 second, shifting apace in the TFT panel pixels to the expansion of curved orientation zone near the liquid crystal layer disclination line 226 and the transverse electric field applying portion 299.
It is believed that this is because spray disclination line 226 zones on the border of orientation area and t-injection orientation area as b-, the energy of distortion becomes than high on every side, remove outside this state, also make and spray orientation generation distortion by means of the transverse electric field that produces in transverse electric field applying unit office, thereby make that shifting becomes is easy to carry out, add to the cause that adds between upper/lower electrode that high voltage provides more energy to shift.
More than, though be the present invention to be described according to several embodiments always,, the present invention surely not is subjected to these any restriction.That is, for example also can make as following.
1) makes and be added in pixel capacitors and become continuous or voltage intermittently with interelectrode voltage together.
2) under the situation that applies high voltage pulse repeatedly, be scope from 0.1Hz to 100Hz in its frequency, and the dutycycle of the 2nd voltage is at least in 1: 1 to 1000: 1 scope, select to quicken the value that shifts.
3) substrate that will use is made the substrate of plastic production, use the organic conductive film as electrode.
4) form a side of substrate with the reflectivity substrate, for example be decided to be and use silicon, or the reflectivity substrate of using the reflecting electrode by aluminium etc. to constitute forms a side substrate, make reflective LCD device.
5) use forceful electric power utmost point electric field on the direction that is provided with on the common electrode with the real estate orthogonal to produce the means of the projection of usefulness simultaneously.
6) use to be replaced with and make constant globular glass or the silicon dioxide of maintenance between two substrates, form required for this reason thrust, and this thrust is had make the means of function that liquid crystal molecule arranges etc.
7) top of above-mentioned jut or the above-mentioned forceful electric power utmost point of bottom double as electric field are produced and use projection.
8) shape of pixel capacitors is made rectangularity or triangle rather than square.
9) pixel is divided into the orientation of liquid crystal different zone, is not two zones but makes 3 or 4 zones.
10) for to give size to pre-tilt angle, adopt with O2 asher etc. to change surface state, on this transparency electrode, form the means of alignment films etc.
(embodiment 13)
Figure 26 is the formation outside drawing of the test cell that uses in the research of the injection-bending transfer time at liquid crystal indicator of the present invention, and Figure 27 and Figure 28 are the parts of the manufacturing process that is used for illustrating that protruded object is made.
The PC that coating formation JSR Corp. produces on glass substrate 308 is the photoresist material, forms the photoresist film of 1 micron of thickness.Secondly, the photomask 321 with the opening portion 322 of the figure of directional light ultraviolet ray 323 by being provided with rectangular shape shines exposure to photoresist film 320.Use the above-mentioned photoresist film 320 after directional light exposes to develop, wash, carry out preharden under 90 ℃, as shown in figure 28, forming section is the shape thing 310 of convex.
Secondly, on aforesaid substrate, abide by the ITO electrode 7 that prescriptive procedure is made thickness 2000 , be made into electroded glass substrate 308.Then, use whirl coating, on glass substrate 301 with transparency electrode 302 and the glass substrate 308 that formed above-mentioned protruded object, the alignment films coating SE-7492 that coating daily output chemical industry is produced, in calibration cell, carry out 180 ℃, 1 hour sclerosis, form alignment films 303,306.Then, on direction shown in Figure 29, carry out friction treatment with artificial fibrous abrasive cloth, liner and ス ト ラ Network ト ボ Application De 352A (Mitsui east pressure chemistry (strain) production with ponding precision chemical (strain) production, be a kind of trade name of resin) paste and make substrate become 6.5 microns at interval, make liquid crystal cells 309 (being made as liquid crystal cells A).
At this moment, carry out friction treatment, making becomes about 5 degree in alignment films liquid crystal pre-tilt angle at the interface.
Secondly, in liquid crystal cells A, inject liquid crystal MJ96435 (refractive index anisotropy Δ n=0.138), make test cell A with vacuum impregnation.
Secondly, polarizing plate sticking to test cell A, make its polarization axle become the angle of 45 degree with the friction treatment direction of alignment films, and, make polarization axle each other carry out orthogonal, add the square wave of 7V, observe, learn that shift from spraying the orientation curved orientation in the entire electrode zone in about 5 seconds from spraying the transfer of orientation to curved orientation.
In the zone that has formed protruded object 310, with on every side liquid crystal layer region relatively, thickness of liquid crystal layer is little, effective electric-field intensity is big, from the transfer that positively can bend of this part.The curved orientation that is taken place is promptly gone down to other area extension.
That is, can carry out certain and injection at a high speed-bending transfer.
As protruded object, its section configuration is removed outside the rectangular shape shown in the present embodiment, can certainly be platform shape shape, triangular shape and semicircle shape.
As a comparative example, except that the glass substrate that uses the band transparency electrode that does not have protruded object 310,, make and spray orientation unit R, enclose liquid crystal MJ96435 and be made into test cell R with same technology.It is 42 seconds that entire electrode zone when the square wave of adding 7V for this test cell R is shifted the needed time from the injection orientation to bending area, and effect of the present invention is conspicuous.
(embodiment 14)
Figure 30 is the formation outside drawing of the test cell that uses in the research of the injection-bending transfer time at liquid crystal display device of the present invention, and Figure 31 is its planimetric map.Figure 30 is from the sectional view when looking X1-X1 and see of Figure 31.The feature of embodiment 14 is: on the transparency electrode 307a that forms beyond the display element zone protruded object 310 is set.Below, its making step is described.
Use whirl coating, on glass substrate 301 with transparency electrode 302 and the glass substrate 308 that formed above-mentioned protruded object, the alignment films coating SE-7492 that coating daily output chemical industry is produced, in calibration cell, carry out 180 ℃, 1 hour sclerosis, form alignment films 303,306,306a.Then, on direction shown in Figure 29, carry out friction treatment with artificial fibrous abrasive cloth, liner and ス ト ラ Network ト ボ Application De 352A (Mitsui east pressure chemistry (strain) production with ponding precision chemical (strain) production, be a kind of trade name of resin) paste and make substrate become 6.5 microns at interval, be made into liquid crystal cells 309 (being made as liquid crystal cells B).At this moment, carry out friction treatment, making becomes about 5 degree in alignment films liquid crystal pre-tilt angle at the interface.
Secondly, in liquid crystal cells B, inject liquid crystal MJ96435 (refractive index anisotropy Δ n=0.138), make test cell B with vacuum impregnation.Secondly, polarizing plate sticking to test cell B, make its polarization axle become the angle of 45 degree with the friction treatment direction of alignment films, and, make polarization axle each other carry out orthogonal, add the square wave of 7V, observe, learn that shift to curved orientation from spraying orientation in the entire electrode zone in about 7 seconds from spraying the transfer of orientation to curved orientation.
In the present embodiment, though be outside the display element zone, protruded object to be set, outside the display element zone, produce transition kernel, still, confirm: the curved orientation that is taken place promptly from display element zone introversive other the area extension in export-oriented display element zone go down.
Take place with between the electrode zone in display element zone and crooked nuclear, though exist the not zone of added electric field (not having the electrode part),, so long as small zone, curved orientation will be crossed this zone and be launched.
(embodiment 15)
Figure 32 is the formation outside drawing of the test cell that uses in the research of the injection-bending transfer time at liquid crystal display device of the present invention, and Figure 27, Figure 28 and Figure 33 are the parts of manufacturing process that is used for illustrating the manufacturing of protruded object.
Coating forms the photoresist film that the PC of JSR Corp.'s production is 1 micron of a photoresist material formation thickness on glass substrate 308.Secondly, the photomask 321 with the opening portion 322 of the figure of directional light ultraviolet ray 323 by being provided with rectangular shape shines exposure to photoresist film 320.Use the above-mentioned photoresist film 320 after directional light exposes to develop, wash, carry out preharden under 90 ℃, as shown in figure 28, forming section is the shape thing 310 of convex.
Secondly, make with following operation: carry out the shoulder forward inclination gently that the back post bake makes protruded object 310 under 150 ℃ more than the glass transition point of above-mentioned photoresist film material, shown in figure 32, " mountain " shape ground forms its section configuration.
Secondly, on aforesaid substrate, abide by the ITO electrode 7 that prescriptive procedure is made thickness 2000 , be made into electroded glass substrate 308.Then, use whirl coating, on glass substrate 301 with transparency electrode 302 and the glass substrate 308 that formed above-mentioned protruded object, the alignment films coating SE-7492 that coating daily output chemical industry is produced, in calibration cell, carry out 180 ℃, 1 hour sclerosis, form alignment films 303,306.Then, on direction shown in Figure 29, carry out friction treatment with artificial fibrous abrasive cloth, liner and ス ト ラ Network ト ボ Application De 352A (Mitsui east pressure chemistry (strain) production with ponding precision chemical (strain) production, be a kind of trade name of resin) paste and make substrate become 6.5 microns at interval, be made into liquid crystal cells 309 (being made as liquid crystal cells C).
At this moment, carry out friction treatment, making becomes about 5 degree in alignment films liquid crystal pre-tilt angle at the interface.
Secondly, in liquid crystal cells C, inject liquid crystal MJ96435 (refractive index anisotropy Δ n=0.138), make test cell C with vacuum impregnation.
Secondly polarizing plate sticking to test cell C, make its polarization axle become the angle of 45 degree with the friction treatment direction of alignment films, and, make polarization axle each other carry out orthogonal, add the square wave of 7V, observation learns that from spraying the transfer of orientation to curved orientation shift from spraying the orientation curved orientation in the entire electrode zone in about 7 seconds.
This test cell C partly produces concentrating of electric field at above-mentioned apex, from this part orientation that bends.In addition,, go up the wiping part and wipe part down, pretend the zone that forms the opposite in sign of liquid crystal pre-tilt angle for the result owing to exist by what friction treatment was carried out on triangle thing 60 tops.That is, the liquid crystal director becomes parallelly with real estate near above-mentioned male member, and this state of affairs also is considered to and can makes contributions to injection-bending transfer at a high speed.
In the present embodiment, though the electric field concentrated part is set in pixel area, even if also can obtain same effect in the outer setting of pixel area.In addition, in the present embodiment,, can certainly be provided in the substrate both sides though that the electric field concentrated part only is provided in substrate is one-sided.
(embodiment 16)
Figure 34 is the formation outside drawing of the test cell that uses in the research of the injection-bending transfer time at liquid crystal display device of the present invention, and Figure 35 shows the electrode pattern of the glass substrate 302 that uses in the present embodiment.
On two glass substrates 301,308 of transparency electrode 302 with opening portion 380 and transparency electrode 307 with opening portion, use whirl coating, the alignment films coating SE-7492 that coating daily output chemical industry is produced, in calibration cell, carry out 180 ℃, 1 hour sclerosis, form alignment films 303,306.Then, on direction shown in Figure 29, carry out friction treatment with artificial fibrous abrasive cloth, liner 305 and ス ト ラ Network ト ボ Application De 352A (Mitsui east pressure chemistry (strain) production with ponding precision chemical (strain) production, be a kind of trade name of resin) paste and make substrate become 6.5 microns at interval, be made into liquid crystal cells 309 (being made as liquid crystal cells D).
At this moment, carry out friction treatment, making becomes about 5 degree in alignment films liquid crystal pre-tilt angle at the interface.
Secondly, in liquid crystal cells D, inject liquid crystal MJ96435 (refractive index anisotropy Δ n=0.138), make test cell D with vacuum impregnation.
Secondly, make its polarization axle become the angle of 45 degree with the friction treatment direction of alignment films, and, make polarization axle each other carry out orthogonal, when adding voltage, observe from spraying the transfer of orientation to curved orientation.
In this test cell D, add the square wave of 2V, 30Hz for glass substrate 308 1 lateral electrodes, to shift the needed time to curved orientation be 5 seconds from spraying orientation in entire electrode zone when giving the square wave that glass substrate 301 1 lateral electrodes add 7V, 30Hz, realized that bending extremely at a high speed shifts.
In the present embodiment, though give two to be clamped in interelectrode liquid crystal layer and to add 5V (=7V-2V) electric field, but add 7V (=7V-0V) effective electric field will be so by means of this, orientation will bend because the result becomes liquid crystal layer to electrode opening part.
Though in the present embodiment, the opening portion shape is made rectangle,, can certainly be the shape of circle, triangle etc.
(embodiment 17)
Figure 36 is the key position sectional view of the liquid crystal display device of embodiment 17, and Figure 37 is its local expanded view.This liquid crystal indicator, on glass substrate 308, be formed with pixel switching device 380, signal electrode line 381, signal line (not drawing), these switching devices 380, signal electrode line 381 and signal line are formed planarization film 382 with covering.Then, form show electrode 307 on planarization film 382, this show electrode 307 and switching device 380 are electrically connected by inserting the repeater electrode 384 that leads in the contact hole 383 that has formed opening on planarization film 382.Repeater electrode 384, the part in upper shed one side of contact hole 383 as shown in figure 37, has become recess 384a.The result becomes and can form opening on show electrode 307 by means of such recess 384a, can produce concentrating of electric field near this recess 384a.Therefore, can realize the shorteningization of transfer time.
(embodiment 18)
Figure 38 is the formation outside drawing of liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
Mix the polarizer of arranging 312,315 that the anisotropic optical media of negative refractive index constitutes that has by main shaft with configuration handle shown in Figure 39, a negative property polarizer 311,314, a positive property polarizer 319, polaroid 313,316 is pasted, and is made into liquid crystal display device D.
The light path difference of polarizer 312,315,311,314,319 at this moment for the light of wavelength 550nm, is respectively 26nm, 26nm, 350nm, 350nm and 150nm.
Figure 40 is voltage-light transmission rate of locating in the front of liquid crystal display device D under 25 ℃.Adding the square wave of 10V, the time is 10 seconds, has confirmed that the limit is measured the voltage trailing edge after the orientation.In this liquid crystal display device,, say and to show with the voltage more than the 2.2V from actual effect owing to will produce from the transfer of curved orientation with 2.1V to the injection orientation.
Secondly, measure white level voltage is decided to be 2.2V, the view angle dependency of the contrast when black-level voltage is decided to be 7.2V, confirm: at 126 degree up and down, about 160 the degree scopes in, can realize that the contrast ratio is more than 10: 1,, also can keep sufficient field angle characteristic even if the part is provided with liquid crystal director orientation and different positions on every side on substrate orientation face.In addition, do not show that grade is bad even if in visualization, find yet.
In addition, the response time between 3V～5V is measured, learnt that the rise time is 5 milliseconds, be 5 milliseconds fall time.
By above explanation as can be known, liquid crystal indicator of the present invention can realize that at a high speed injection-curved orientation shifts and can not sacrifice the wide visual field angle characteristic or the response characteristics of existing ocb mode thereby its practical value greatly.
(embodiment 19)
Figure 41 is the key position sectional view of the liquid crystal indicator of embodiment 19, and the mode chart of Figure 41 (a) shows the not orientation of the original state of added electric field.As the liquid crystal cells that curved orientation formula unit moves, be so-called sandwich construction unit from liquid crystal layer 402 to two 400,401 of parallel substrates that enclosed.Usually, on a side substrate, form transparency electrode, on the opposing party's substrate, form the pixel capacitors that possesses thin film transistor (TFT).
The mode chart of Figure 41 (a) shows the not orientation of the original state of added electric field.The orientation of original state is the molecular axis of liquid crystal molecule when having some inclinations for substrate 400,401 planes, parallel substantially and state that in fact equally be orientated.Be even orientation in other words.Be present in and substrate between the interface on liquid crystal molecule, in two substrates 400,401 up and down, contrary each other direction ground tilts.In other words, be present in and substrate between the interface on the angle of orientation θ 1 of liquid crystal molecule and θ 2 (pre-tilt angle in other words) be adjusted to and become symbol difference each other.In addition, in the following description, the angle of orientation and pre-tilt angle are, and to be benchmark with the plane parallel with substrate be the molecular axis of just the representing liquid crystal molecule angle for the inclination on the plane parallel with substrate to be rotated counterclockwise.
When the liquid crystal layer 402 of the state of giving Figure 41 (a), when adding the electric field of the intensity that has surpassed a certain value on to the base plan vertical direction, the state of orientation of liquid crystal changes, and shifts to the such orientation shown in Figure 41 (b).
Orientation shown in Figure 41 (b) is referred to as curved orientation.In the inclination to base plan of the molecular axis of two substrates near surface liquid crystal molecule, the absolute value of the angle of orientation diminishes in other words, becomes big at the absolute value of the angle of orientation of the central part office of liquid crystal layer 402 liquid crystal molecule.In addition, in the scope of whole liquid crystal layer, do not have torsion structure in fact.
Such from even orientation during when at length observing to transfer that curved orientation is carried out, at first, in the part of liquid crystal layer 402, the nuclear of curved orientation has taken place, this nuclear is nibbled on one side growth at leisure to this as other zone that evenly is orientated on one side, and final liquid crystal layer all becomes curved orientation.In other words, liquid crystal layer is to the transfer of curved orientation, and the generation of nuclear is necessary from small regional interior evenly orientation to the transfer of curved orientation in other words.
So, the inventor etc. adopt vector of unit length to liquid crystal molecular orientation (below, be called ' director ') the way found the solution of equation of motion, the transfer to curved orientation in tiny area is resolved the condition that has found nuclear easily to be taken place.Below, its method is described.
The state of orientation of liquid crystal can be explained with director.In addition, director n is the function that can use [formula 1] expression.
N (x)=(n x(x, y, z), n y(x, y, z), n z(x, y, z)) (formula 1)
The free energy density f of liquid crystal represents as usefulness [formula 2], can be expressed as the function of director n.
F= { k 11(divn) 2+ k 22(n * rotn) 2+ k 33(n * rotn) 2 Δ ∈ (En) 2(formula 2)
Wherein, k11, k22, k33 are the elastic constants of Frank, the elastic constant of expression injection respectively, distortion, bending.Δ ε represents the dielectric coefficient and dielectric coefficient poor of the direction of orthogonal with it of the molecular axis direction of liquid crystal, is to say expression dielectric coefficient anisotropy.In addition, E is an external electrical field.
In [formula 2], represent expansion, distortion and the crooked elastic energy that is produced respectively for the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd by liquid crystal.In addition, the 4th electric energy that expression is interacted and produced by the electricity between external electrical field and the liquid crystal.If Δ ε＞0 becomes at n that electric energy becomes minimum when parallel with E, if Δ ε＜0, then when n and E orthogonal, electric energy becomes minimum.Therefore, when adding the electric field E that has surpassed a certain specific intensity, if Δ ε＞0, then liquid crystal molecular orientation is parallel with direction of an electric field for molecular long axis is become, if Δ ε＜0, then liquid crystal molecular orientation is for making molecular long axis and direction of an electric field orthogonal.
The full free energy F of the liquid crystal when the distortion that the molecular orientation of original state is subjected to being caused by external electrical field can be expressed as the volume integral of f.
F=∫ f (n (x)) dx (formula 3)
Shown in [formula 3], full free energy F is that the unknown function n (x) with the expression director is the function (being to say, is functional) of variable-definition.In the state of orientation that adds the liquid crystal that occurs under the situation of external electrical field, under suitable boundary conditions, can explain with making F become minimum n (x).In other words, if determined to make full free energy to become minimum n (x), just can predict the state of orientation of liquid crystal.In addition, under suitable boundary conditions, minimum the sort ofly considered that also (x t), then can predict all movements of the device of optical constant etc. to the director n that the time changes if can determine to make F to become.From physically, this is the principle of typical least action, from mathematics, is near the variation minimum problem the boundary value.
So, principle [formula 3] found the solution.But, for example, if with the method for the equational such analyticity of Euler, because the nonlinear equation of complexity will appear, so want to determine simply that the functional expression of director n (x) is difficult.
So,, adopt following method in order easily to find the solution [formula 3].At first, use with the same method of limited factors method and make the integration spatial discretization.Be to say, the key element of whole integration space np, the integration that [formula 3] is expressed as each key element with.
F = ∫ v f ( n ( x ) ) dx = Σ f = 0 np - 1 ∫ ΔV f ( n ( x ) ) dx
(formula 4)
Carry out following such being similar to for the director n (x) among the Δ V of partial integration space here.Shown in [formula 2] formula, though nx, ny, nz are the function of x, y, z originally,, it is constant but being assumed in Δ V.In addition, be approximately dnx, and j/dx=(nx, j+1-dnx, j)/Δ x.In addition, nx, j are J the nx in the key element, as mentioned above, though in Δ V, be constant,, be unknown number.N (x) in the Δ V of this partial integration space though approximate be coarse approximate, employing is segmented the way of cutting to the integration space it is covered, and just can pairing approximation improve.
If adopt above-mentioned being similar to, because in [formula 4], nx, j, ny, j, nz, j is a constant in a key element, so integration self easily calculates.But even if in this stage, the formula of representing full free energy F also exists ratio in cutting apart several a plurality of unknown number nx, j, ny, and j, nz, the high-order term of j and nonlinear terms still are complicated.But nx, 0, ny, 0, nz, 0 then can easily provide as boundary condition in the value that waits.
If adopt above-mentioned being similar to, full free energy F just is deformed into
F＝F(n xj，n yj，n zj) (0≤j≤np-1)
(formula 5)
Be to say, full free energy F is from being transformed to unknown number nx to unknown number n (x), j, ny, j, nz, the function of j as the functional of variable-definition.Unknown number nx, j, ny, j, nz, j make function F become minimum value.
The curved orientation of liquid crystal as mentioned above, is the structure that does not have distortion in fact, and director n though be the function of x, y, z originally, can be expressed as the function of the angle of orientation as mentioned above.In this case, the director n in the curved orientation can represent with following formula
n(cosθ，0，sinθ)
(formula 6)
But θ is the inclination of liquid crystal molecule for the plane parallel with substrate, is the angle of orientation of saying so.In addition, also regulation θ only depends on the distance z of counting from substrate of liquid crystal molecule.The mode chart of Figure 42 shows this director.
[formula 6] substitution [formula 4], np key element carried out discretize, each key element asked make the minimized such θ j of F.In other words, each key element is asked satisfied following equational θ j.
∂ F dθj = ( k 33 - k 11 d 2 ) { ( θ j + 1 - θ j ) 2 sin 2 θ j
+ ( θ j + 1 - θ j ) ( cos 2 θ j - k 33 + k 11 k 33 - k 11 )
+ ( θ j - 1 - θ j ) ( cos 2 θ j - 1 - k 33 + k 11 k 33 - k 11 ) - Δϵ ( dE ) 2 ( k 33 - k 11 ) sin 2 θ j }
(formula 7)
In addition, d is L/np, and L is a distance between substrate.
But it is very difficult making np such complicated nonlinear equation simultaneous of [formula 7] get up to find the solution.So, adopt and carry out the way that following such circuit is analogized, find the solution [formula 7].The equation of motion of director can be represented with following formula.
η ∂ θ i ∂ t + ∂ F dθj = 0
(formula 8)
In addition, η is the coefficient of viscosity of liquid crystal.Carrying out following such circuit for [formula 8] analogizes.
η→C
θ i→ V j(formula 9)
[formula 8] is transformed into
C ∂ V j ∂ t + V j R j = 0 , ( 0 ≤ j ≤ np - 1 )
(formula 10)
With [formula 10] corresponding circuit, as shown in figure 43, constitute with np CR circuit.[formula 10] the 2nd is illustrated in the electric current that flows in the CR circuit.In addition, Rj is the resistance that discharge relaxes usefulness, is the Control of Voltage resistance that the electric current (i) that flows in the CR circuit is stipulated as i= F (Vj) V.
Current i (= F/ Vj) converges on 0 with specific Vj.Be to say, become 0 o'clock voltage if can try to achieve the electric current that flows in the CR circuit with circuit emulator, then Vj just can automatically try to achieve.
As mentioned above, adopt the way that the equation of motion of director is replaced as equivalent electrical circuit, just can on circuit emulator, resolve the non-linear simultaneous equations of the orientation phenomenon of performance liquid crystal, just can be in the hope of arriving the relation between external electrical field E and the state of orientation (angle of orientation θ j).
In said method, because being replaced as circuit by means of the non-linear simultaneous equations of the class handle of circuit performance orientation phenomenon resolves on circuit emulator, so in program, only set equivalent electrical circuit, do not comprise being used for the calculation procedure of solving equation formula itself.Therefore, can realize the simplification and the downsizing of program.
In addition, if the variation of calculating the angle of orientation θ j that the increase be accompanied by external electrical field E produces according to said method, the external electrical field E when then changing suddenly as angle of orientation θ j can find the solution the critical electric field Ec that liquid crystal shifts.
Figure 44 is based on an example of the result of calculation of said method, and the time that shows the θ j when external electrical field was increased together along with the time changes.In addition, the result of Figure 44 is that boundary condition is fixed as θ 0=+0.1rad, θ np-1=-0.1rad, establishes k11=6 * 10 -7Dyn, k33=12 * 10 -7Dyn, result calculated is carried out in Δ ε=10.As shown in figure 44, learn that no matter which is all little for angle of orientation θ j, the state of orientation of liquid crystal all is even orientation at the initial stage that adds electric field.But, after having passed through certain hour, in other words, (E＞Ec), will produce transfer when external electrical field E has surpassed certain value because of angle of orientation θ j sudden change.Angle of orientation θ j after the transfer, near the two substrates towards the core of liquid crystal layer, it is big that its absolute value becomes, thus the state of orientation of learning the liquid crystal after the transfer is a curved orientation.
Ec is more little for critical electric field, then makes the state of orientation of liquid crystal just can shift soon more from even orientation to the curved orientation transfer.So, make the condition of the orientation of decision liquid crystal carry out all variations according to said method, calculate critical electric field Ec under various conditions.Consequently find: critical electric field Ec can be subjected to the influence of asymmetry of elasticity coefficient (Jetting type bomb for fire extinguishing property coefficient), the pre-tilt angle of liquid crystal especially.
Figure 45 shows the result who finds the solution the relation between Jetting type bomb for fire extinguishing property coefficient k11 and the critical electric field Ec.In addition, Figure 45 is that to establish boundary condition be θ 0=+0.1rad, θ np-1=-0.1rad, establishes k33=12 * 10 -7Dyn, result calculated is carried out in Δ ε=10.As shown in Figure 5, Jetting type bomb for fire extinguishing property coefficient k11 is big more, and critical electric field Ec just increases more.Particularly in k11＞10 * 10 -7In the scope of dyn, along with the increase of k11, Ec will increase sharp.
Therefore, in order to realize that liquid crystal shifts rapidly, make Jetting type bomb for fire extinguishing property coefficient k11 less than 10 * 10 -7Dyn it is desirable to less than 8 * 10 -7Dyn is effective.In addition, as for the lower limit of Jetting type bomb for fire extinguishing property coefficient k11,, it is desirable to make 6 * 10 though do not limit especially -7More than the dyn, because synthetic or modulation k11＜6 * 10 -7The liquid crystal material of dyn, normally difficult.
As liquid crystal material with Jetting type bomb for fire extinguishing property coefficient k11 as described above, the qualification that has nothing special, for example, can enumerate pyrimidine is that liquid crystal, dioxan are that liquid crystal, biphenyl are liquid crystal etc.
The asymmetry of pre-tilt angle can be used in poor (Δ θ) expression of the absolute value of the pre-tilt angle between upper and lower base plate.In addition, as mentioned above because that pre-tilt angle θ 0 and θ np-1 are defined as symbol is different, thus poor (the Δ θ) of the absolute value of pre-tilt angle can with Δ θ=| θ 0+ θ np-1| represents.
The a of Figure 46 shows poor (the Δ θ) of the absolute value of finding the solution the pre-tilt angle between upper and lower base plate and the result of the relation between the critical electric field Ec.The a of Figure 46 establishes k11=6 * 10 -7Dyn, k33=12 * 10 -7Dyn, the result of calculation of Δ ε=10 o'clock.Shown in a of Fig. 6, the big more critical electric field Ec of the difference of pre-tilt angle descends just manyly more.Particularly in the scope more than Δ θ 〉=0.0002rad, along with the increase of Δ θ, Ec will reduce sharp.
Therefore, want to realize that liquid crystal shifts fast, the difference that makes pre-tilt angle is greater than 0.0002rad, and it is effective it is desirable to make greater than 0.035rad.In addition, the upper limit as for the difference Δ θ of pre-tilt angle is not particularly limited, and makes usually less than 1.58rad, it is desirable to make less than 0.785rad.
In addition, pre-tilt angle θ 0 and θ np-1, its absolute value should surpass 0rad usually and less than 1.57rad, it is desirable to be adjusted into feasible becoming greater than 0.017rad less than 0.785rad.The adjustment of pre-tilt angle can be with (LB) method of method etc. of oblique evaporation method and Lang Gemiuer (langmuir)-Blodget (Block ロ ジ エ Star ト), and the way that forms suitable liquid crystal orientation film on substrate surface is controlled.As liquid crystal orientation film, be not particularly limited, for example can enumerate polyimide resin, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polystyrene resin, Port リ シ Application Na メ-ト resin, カ Le コ Application is resin, polypeptide resin and high molecule liquid crystal etc.In addition, remove outside the material selection of liquid crystal orientation film, under the situation that adopts the oblique evaporation method, the way that employing is adjusted the inclination of substrate surface the evaporation direction, under the situation that adopts the LB method, the way that employing is adjusted the condition of last pulling rate degree of substrate etc. just can be controlled pre-tilt angle.
In addition, critical electric field Ec also will be subjected to the influence of the unevenness of the electric field in the liquid crystal layer.This is because the distortion of the electric field that takes place in liquid crystal layer, to the stable influential cause of the state of orientation of liquid crystal molecule.In addition, the unevenness of electric field can be with being added to the main electric field E0 on the liquid crystal layer in fact equably and being added to ratio (E1/E0) expression of the secondary electric field E1 on the liquid crystal layer unevenly.In addition, E1 is the maximal value of the secondary electric field that can apply.
Relation between the unevenness E1/E0 of electric field and the critical electric field Ec can be studied as described below according to above-mentioned method.That is, in the main electric field E0 that adds to liquid crystal layer as external electric field E as uniform electric field, add that overlappingly this as under the such condition of the secondary electric field E1 of non-uniform electric field, calculates the variation of the angle of orientation θ j that is accompanied by the increase of main electric field E0 and produces.At this moment, secondary electric field E1 is accompanied by the increase of main electric E0 and increases to and make E1/E0 become the value of regulation and become constant.Main electric field E0 when changing suddenly as angle of orientation θ j just can be according to resulting result of calculation, the critical electric field Ec that asks liquid crystal to shift.
Figure 47 is based on said method, makes the value of E1/E0 carry out many variations, calculates an example of the result of calculation of critical electric field Ec under various conditions.In addition, the result of Fig. 7 is that boundary condition is fixed as θ 0=+0.26rad, θ np-1=-0.125rad, k11=6 * 10 -7Dyn, k33=12 * 10 -7Result calculated is carried out in dyn, Δ ε=10.As shown in figure 47, E1/E0 is big more, and the unevenness of electric field is big more in other words, and then critical electric field Ec increases greatly more, and Ec will become infinitely small near E1/E0=1.It is believed that this is because when existing when distortion in the electric field at liquid crystal layer, with electric field be ratio under the uniform situation, the even orientation instability that will become, the result is the cause that promptly realizes to the transfer of curved orientation.
Therefore, shift, effectively, add electric field E1 to liquid crystal layer unevenly on the space with uniform main electric field E0 basically in order to realize rapidly liquid crystal.Particularly make 0.01＜E1/E0＜1st, effectively.This is because if in the scope of E1/E0≤0.01, to obtain fully promoting that the effect because of adding the liquid crystal transfer that uniform electric field produces is difficult, if in the scope of E1/E0 〉=0.01, because institute's making alive will become excessive, so exist the cause that use to reality is unsuitable such problem.Have again, it is desirable to make 0.5≤E1/E0≤1.
Non-uniform electric field E1 can adopt the way of utilizing the source electrode and the voltage between the transparency electrode that are added to thin film transistor (TFT), is added on the direction vertical with substrate for liquid crystal layer.In addition, non-uniform electric field E1 it is desirable to make the following AC field of frequency 100Hz, in addition, it is desirable to make amplitude timeliness ground to decay.
Within these 3 conditions of unevenness (E1/E0), it is desirable to make it to make up satisfied 3 conditions of two conditioned disjunctions as the asymmetry (Δ θ) of the Jetting type bomb for fire extinguishing property coefficient (k11) of the condition that critical electric field Ec is reduced, pre-tilt angle and electric field.Because adopt the way that these conditions are made up,, can more positively reduce critical electric field Ec with comparison under the situation that only satisfies one of each condition.
For example, the b of Figure 46 removes with uniform in fact external electrical field E0, add beyond the uneven electric field E1, and be under the condition identical, to carry out result calculated with a of Figure 46.In addition, the b of Figure 46 is the result who establishes under the situation of E1/E0=0.03.By a of Figure 46 and b more as can be known, the way of the asymmetry that adopting combines satisfies pre-tilt angle and these two conditions of unevenness of electric field just can further reduce critical electric field Ec, just can realize liquid crystal transfer fast.
The possibility of industrial utilization
As previously discussed, if adopt the present invention, just can realize each purpose of the present invention fully.
As mentioned above, if employing the present invention, adopt driving method with the liquid crystal indicator that uses the OCB unit, apply the alternating voltage of overlapping upper offset voltage to a pair of substrate, and add the way of this alternating voltage continuously, or adopt operation and the OPEN state of alternatively giving the alternating voltage that a pair of substrate adds overlapping upper offset voltage repeatedly or the way that adds the operation of low-voltage, just can be substantially positively and in the extremely short time, finish from spraying the transfer of orientation to curved orientation, it is fast and be suitable for animation display and the liquid crystal indicator of the curved orientation formula OCB of wide visual field just can to obtain not having the answer speed of display defect.
In addition, if employing the present invention just can obtain following effect: can be easy to positively to carry out apace that orientation is that shift, no display defect to curved orientation, the liquid crystal indicator of OCB display mode that be made of the liquid crystal cells of active matric, the wide visual field of high-speed responsive and high image quality from spraying.
In addition, if employing the present invention, at array base palte with the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer upper and lower interface between the substrate is positive and negative reciprocal in opposite directions, and carried out in the liquid crystal cells that the injection of orientation process is orientated in parallel with each other, when making alive not, become and sprayed orientation, before liquid crystal display drives, apply the state of orientation that makes above-mentioned liquid crystal layer by means of voltage and transfer to the initialization process of curved orientation from spraying orientation, under having carried out this initialized curved orientation state, carry out in the liquid crystal indicator of the active matric that liquid crystal display drives, in a pixel, at least has a transverse electric field applying portion that shifts excitation usefulness, when producing transverse electric field by this transverse electric field applying portion, adopt to give pixel capacitors together the electricity consumption interpolar add voltage continuously or off and on, make each pixel all produce transition kernel, make pixel all from spraying the way that orientation shifts to curved orientation, positively produce apace from spraying orientation and shift to curved orientation, by means of this, just can provide the liquid crystal indicator of the ocb mode of no display defect and high-speed responsive and wide visual field high image quality
In addition, if employing the present invention, the alignment liquid crystal display device of OCB display mode, it is the parallel-oriented liquid crystal display device of phase compensator that possesses the liquid crystal layer that is clamped between a pair of substrate and be provided in the outside of substrate, can realize certain and injection at a high speed-curved orientation transfer, its practical value is very big.
In addition, if adopt the present invention, owing to add electric field for the 1st substrate that remains on toward each other and the liquid crystal between the 2nd substrate, the orientation that makes above-mentioned liquid crystal is 10 * 10 at the Jetting type bomb for fire extinguishing property coefficient k11 that establishes above-mentioned liquid crystal in the method that curved orientation shifts -7Dyn 〉=k11 〉=6 * 10 -7The scope of dyn, and, if above-mentioned liquid crystal is θ 1 to the absolute value of the pre-tilt angle of above-mentioned the 1st substrate, when above-mentioned liquid crystal is θ 2 to the absolute value of the pre-tilt angle of above-mentioned the 2nd substrate, satisfy 1.57rad＞| the relation of θ 1-θ 2| 〉=0.0002rad is curved orientation so liquid crystal is promptly shifted.
In addition, if adopt the present invention since to remain on toward each other the 1st substrate and the liquid crystal between the 2nd substrate applied electric field, the orientation that makes above-mentioned liquid crystal is 10 * 10 at the Jetting type bomb for fire extinguishing property coefficient k11 that establishes above-mentioned liquid crystal in the method that curved orientation shifts -7Dyn 〉=k11 〉=6 * 10 -7The scope of dyn, and, if above-mentioned electric field is that the secondary electric field that adds unevenly on the space is overlapped onto electric field on the main electric field that adds equably on the space, establishing above-mentioned main electric field is E0, when above-mentioned secondary electric field is E1, satisfy the relation of 1.0＞E1/E0＞1/100, be curved orientation so liquid crystal is promptly shifted.
In addition, if employing the present invention, owing to add electric field for the 1st substrate remain on toward each other and the liquid crystal between the 2nd substrate, the orientation that makes above-mentioned liquid crystal is in the method that curved orientation shifts, establishing the absolute value of above-mentioned liquid crystal to the pre-tilt angle of above-mentioned the 1st substrate is θ 1, when above-mentioned liquid crystal is θ 2 to the absolute value of the pre-tilt angle of above-mentioned the 2nd substrate, satisfy 1.57rad＞| the relation of θ 1-θ 2| 〉=0.0002rad, and, if above-mentioned electric field is that the secondary electric field that adds unevenly on the space is overlapped onto electric field on the main electric field that adds equably on the space, establishing above-mentioned main electric field is E0, when above-mentioned secondary electric field is E1, satisfy the relation of 1.0＞E1/E0＞1/100, be curved orientation so liquid crystal is promptly shifted.
In addition, if adopt the present invention, owing to add electric field for the 1st substrate that remains on toward each other and the liquid crystal between the 2nd substrate, the orientation that makes above-mentioned liquid crystal is 10 * 10 at the Jetting type bomb for fire extinguishing property coefficient k11 that establishes above-mentioned liquid crystal in the method that curved orientation shifts -7Dyn 〉=k11 〉=6 * 10 -7The scope of dyn, if above-mentioned liquid crystal is θ 1 to the absolute value of the pre-tilt angle of above-mentioned the 1st substrate, when above-mentioned liquid crystal is θ 2 to the absolute value of the pre-tilt angle of above-mentioned the 2nd substrate, satisfy 1.57rad＞| the relation of θ 1-θ 2| 〉=0.0002rad, and, if above-mentioned electric field is that the secondary electric field that adds unevenly on the space is overlapped onto electric field on the main electric field that adds equably on the space, establishing above-mentioned main electric field is E0, when above-mentioned secondary electric field is E1, satisfy the relation of 1.0＞E1/E0＞1/100, be curved orientation so liquid crystal is promptly shifted.
Above-mentioned specific embodiment, basic goal is to make technology contents of the present invention to become clearer and more definite, should not be interpreted as to narrow sense only only limiting to these object lessons, in the scope of the claim of spirit of the present invention and the following stated, can also carry out allly implementing after changing.

Claims (10)

1. liquid crystal indicator, it is the liquid crystal indicator of active matric, possess liquid crystal layer that is clamped between a pair of substrate and the phase compensator that is provided in the outside of substrate, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer upper and lower interface is positive and negative reciprocal when making alive not, and be to have carried out the injection orientation of orientation process in parallel with each other, before liquid crystal display drives, by means of adding voltage, make the state of orientation of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer carry out transferring to the initialization process of curved orientation from spraying orientation, carrying out under this initialized curved orientation state, carrying out liquid crystal display drives
It is characterized in that: the thickness that at least one place has a liquid crystal layer in display element than around little zone, and it is big to be added in the electric field intensity that electric field ratio on the liquid crystal layer in the above-mentioned zone adds on around the liquid crystal layer.
2, a kind of liquid crystal indicator, it is the liquid crystal indicator of active matric, possess liquid crystal layer that is clamped between a pair of substrate and the phase compensator that is provided in the outside of substrate, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer upper and lower interface is positive and negative reciprocal when making alive not, and be to have carried out the injection orientation of orientation process in parallel with each other, before liquid crystal display drives, apply the state of orientation of carrying out above-mentioned liquid liquid crystal layer by means of voltage and transfer to the initialization process of curved orientation from spraying orientation, carrying out under this initialized curved orientation state, carrying out liquid crystal display drives
It is characterized in that: the thickness that at least one place has a liquid crystal layer outside display element than around little zone, and it is big to be added in the electric field intensity that electric field ratio on the liquid crystal layer in the above-mentioned zone adds on around the liquid crystal layer.
3, a kind of liquid crystal indicator, it is the liquid crystal indicator of active matric, possess liquid crystal layer that is clamped between a pair of substrate and the phase compensator that is provided in the outside of substrate, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer upper and lower interface is positive and negative reciprocal when making alive not, and be to have carried out the injection orientation of orientation process in parallel with each other, before liquid crystal display drives, apply the state of orientation that makes above-mentioned liquid crystal layer by means of voltage and transfer to the initialization process of curved orientation from spraying orientation, carrying out under this initialized curved orientation state, carrying out liquid crystal display drives
It is characterized in that: at least one place has the concentrated position of electric field in display element.
4. the described liquid crystal display device of claim 3 is characterized in that: the above-mentioned electric field that is arranged in the display element is concentrated the position, be to the thickness direction top of liquid crystal layer the show electrode that highlights or a part or their two sides of common electrode.
5. liquid crystal indicator, it is the liquid crystal indicator of active matric, possess liquid crystal layer that is clamped between a pair of substrate and the phase compensator that is provided in the outside of substrate, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer upper and lower interface is positive and negative reciprocal when making alive not, and be to have carried out the injection orientation of orientation process in parallel with each other, before liquid crystal display drives, apply the state of orientation that makes above-mentioned liquid crystal layer by means of voltage and transfer to the initialization process of curved orientation from spraying orientation, carrying out under this initialized curved orientation state, carrying out liquid crystal display drives
It is characterized in that: at least one place has the concentrated position of electric field outside display element.
6. the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 5 is characterized in that: it is the part of the electrode that partly highlights on the thickness direction of liquid crystal layer that above-mentioned electric field is concentrated the position.
7. liquid crystal indicator, it is the liquid crystal indicator of active matric, possess liquid crystal layer that is clamped between a pair of substrate and the phase compensator that is provided in the outside of substrate, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer upper and lower interface is positive and negative reciprocal when making alive not, and be to have carried out the injection orientation of orientation process in parallel with each other, before liquid crystal display drives, apply the state of orientation that makes above-mentioned liquid crystal layer by means of voltage and transfer to the initialization process of curved orientation from spraying orientation, carrying out under this initialized curved orientation state, carrying out liquid crystal display drives
It is characterized in that: on the part of show electrode or common electrode or their two sides, have opening portion.
8. the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 7 is characterized in that: above-mentioned opening portion is to have the pixel capacitors that forms on planarization film of active matrix type LCD device of opening device and the conducting orifice that is electrically connected with this switching device.
9. the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 1 is characterized in that: above-mentioned phase compensator possesses the phase compensator that a negative anisotropic optical media of refractive index that is mixed to arrange by main shaft constitutes at least.
10. the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 9, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned phase compensator possesses a positive phase compensator at least.
CN 200510114193 1998-09-03 1999-09-03 Liquid crystal display device, manufacturing method therefor, and driving method therefor Pending CN1773333A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP24935698 1998-09-03
JP249356/1998 1998-09-03
JP68149/1999 1999-03-15
JP110282/1999 1999-04-19
JP157060/1999 1999-06-03
JP200102/1999 1999-07-14

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNB011370661A Division CN1260605C (en) 1998-09-03 2001-10-17 LCD device, making method and driving method thereof

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CN1773333A true CN1773333A (en) 2006-05-17

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CN (1) CN1773333A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101556420B (en) * 2008-04-11 2011-11-16 索尼公司 Liquid crystal device and electronic apparatus
CN106662779A (en) * 2014-08-04 2017-05-10 捷恩智株式会社 Liquid crystal display element

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101556420B (en) * 2008-04-11 2011-11-16 索尼公司 Liquid crystal device and electronic apparatus
CN106662779A (en) * 2014-08-04 2017-05-10 捷恩智株式会社 Liquid crystal display element

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