CN1768293A - Liquid crystal display with internal polarizer - Google Patents
Liquid crystal display with internal polarizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN1768293A CN1768293A CN 200480009137 CN200480009137A CN1768293A CN 1768293 A CN1768293 A CN 1768293A CN 200480009137 CN200480009137 CN 200480009137 CN 200480009137 A CN200480009137 A CN 200480009137A CN 1768293 A CN1768293 A CN 1768293A
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Abstract
A liquid crystal display is provided comprising a front panel (103), a rear panel, and a liquid crystal layer placed between the front and rear panels (106). At least one of the front and rear panels comprises an internal polarizer (301) situated between an electrode (104) and a substrate (103) in the panel. The internal polarizer is made of a highly temperature durable material that is chemically stable at an elevated temperature of at least 150 DEG C.
Description
Related application
The application requires in the U. S. application the 10/656th of submission on September 4th, 2003, No. 516 right of priority, it is the U.S. Provisional Patent Application the 60/461st of " LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY WITHINTERNAL POLARIEZR " that this U. S. application requires in the title that on April 9th, 2003 submitted to, No. 686 right of priority, the full content of these two applications is hereby expressly incorporated by reference.
Technical field
The present invention relates to LCD and relevant device thereof, more specifically, relate to and have polariscopic LCD.
Background technology
Early stage in the seventies in 20th century, liquid crystal is shown that by conduct first the stock of the equipment of visual information uses.System with the said function of other type compares, and the low energy consumption of these equipment and small size make LCD become portable equipment and the indispensable parts of mobile device rapidly.Liquid crystal technology development has subsequently represented the ability that these equipment show the high-quality colour graph images, has kept little in light weight, energy consumption is low and price comparison the is low advantage of volume simultaneously.The combination of these performances makes that LCD is applied widely.At present, LCD in fact has been applied to all technical fields, comprises the display of portable computer, counter and relevant device; The control display panel of portable and miniature instrument and sensor; The display of removable and portable household appliance and relevant device (for example mobile phone, notebook, e-book, notepad and electronic watch); Be used for the projection arrangement of cinema, exhibition center, public place and activity etc. and large-screen etc.
LCD is just well known since the late period seventies 20th century, and the author who is published by Wiley in calendar year 2001 is that " the ReflectiveLiquid Crystal Displays " of S.-T.Wu and D.-K.Yang and the author that published by Wiley in calendar year 2001 have fully described device structure in detail among " the Liquid Crystal Displays:Addressing Schemes andElectro-Optical Effects " of E.Lueder.The structure of LCD comprises many plane layers system that carries out various functions.
Can divide at least two types LCD: reflective and transmission-type.This difference of two types is that light passes the mode of each layer of LCD.In reflective liquid-crystal display, light is injected structure, by reflective layer reflects, and penetrates from homonymy.In transmissive type liquid crystal display, light is injected structure from a side, passes this system, and penetrates from opposite side.
Yet in practice, the difference between this LCD of two types is relevant with the use of external light source or illuminator.Illuminator can be any light source that even transillumination is provided for liquid crystal display layers usually.
In reflective liquid-crystal display, can not have illuminator: this LCD is used from the light of light source on every side.The function in reflection horizon is that the light from these light sources is reflected to the beholder.This LCD is equipped with inner preceding photosystem toward contact, to guarantee the adusk operation of display.
In transmissive type liquid crystal display, provide illumination from this system of rear side transillumination by external light source.This situation is called back light system.
Except the LCD of these two kinds of main types, combine the equipment of these two kinds of principles in addition.Such display is known as semi-transparent reflection formula (transflective ortransreflective).By reflective liquid-crystal display is introduced in translucent reflection horizon and back light, realize above-mentioned combination.
When describing LCD, preferably distinguish front side and rear side.The front side is the side in the face of the beholder, and rear side is a side relative with the front side.In liquid crystal display device structure, be positioned at each layer before or after the liquid crystal layer, be known as anterior layer and back layer usually respectively.For example, there are back and prebasal plate, back and preceding electrode etc.Each layer that is positioned in liquid crystal display device structure before the liquid crystal layer often is known as front panel, and each layer that is positioned at after the liquid crystal layer is known as rear panel.
By the luminous flux of liquid crystal display device structure adjusting, on display, to generate image from back light system.Except reflection horizon and light source, also functional layer and at least one polariscope by liquid crystal comes the control chart picture.
The LCD principle of work is based in the liquid crystal and controls polarized state of light (carrying out polarization by in a plurality of polariscopes) by the voltage that is applied on the electrode.
According to the type (reflective or transmission-type) of LCD, the functional sequence of polariscope and liquid crystal layer can be as follows.
In reflective liquid-crystal display, after preceding polariscope liquid crystal and reflection horizon.In order to increase the contrast of LCD, between liquid crystal and reflection horizon, introduce second polariscope usually.As mentioned above, the light from environment light source or preceding photosystem passes liquid crystal display device structure twice: turn back to the beholder then from the front side to the reflection horizon.
In transmissive type liquid crystal display, after preceding polariscope liquid crystal and rear polarizer.At this, light only passes liquid crystal display device structure (from the back light system to beholder) in one direction, therefore needs second polariscope.
In semi-transparent reflection formula LCD, be liquid crystal layer, rear polarizer and translucent reflective layer after the preceding polariscope.In this scheme, also rear polarizer must be arranged.
Polarizer layer is applied on the outside surface of prebasal plate usually, and this is relevant with the characteristic and the polariscope manufacturing process of LCD usually.In the case, polariscope is known as external polarizer.In liquid crystal display projectors, polariscope is a prism type.Large scale and sizable energy consumption have determined this polariscope to be disposed in the outside.
Being under the polariscopic situation of sheet, be arranged in the outside and have a plurality of shortcomings.Need extra protective seam to prevent that exterior mechanical factor (scratch, collide) is to polariscopic damage.The colored filter that is used for formation image on colour liquid crystal display device can carry out depolarization to transmitted light.In the case, this polariscope helps to eliminate this depolarization, but for for the system of external polarizer, then this is impossible.And, using external polarizer to increase light path in liquid crystal display device structure significantly because have a relatively large substrate thickness, this causes brightness and contrast's loss and has increased the weight of image fault on the oblique visual angle.
For the LCD with the external polarizer that is positioned at the substrate outside, substrate protection interior layer is avoided the influence of external factor, and through being commonly used for the load bearing component of whole physical construction.For technical reason, substrate thickness is relatively large, and the polariscope that therefore is arranged in the substrate outside has increased the light path of display significantly.Relevant therewith; the major defect of these display design be the visual angle little, to mechanical action sensitivity (relevant) with the risk of infringement external polarizer, and with the protection needed additional layer of external polarizer (causing strong parallax or image ghost image) relevant manufacturing process complexity.
Above-mentioned birth defect with LCD of external polarizer causes having invented the whole bag of tricks, is used to realize having the internal polarizer LCD between each substrate.Above the whole bag of tricks all proposes following setting: internal polarizer layer is arranged between electrode and the liquid crystal, and the function of polariscope and both alignment layers is combined in one deck.
United States Patent (USP) the 3rd, 941 has instructed in No. 901 a kind of manufacturing to be used for the internal polarizer method of LCD, and this method is based in the orientation near the long-chain of substrate surface place polyvinyl.This operation comprises: dissolve polymer, be applied to solution on the substrate and along with this layer attenuation the time and produce shearing strain.Then, make solvent evaporation, remaining thin one deck oriented polymer molecules on substrate surface.Should be pointed out that by the such layer of deposition on substrate, and use the polymkeric substance that shows as dichroic dyestuff, can obtain to carry out simultaneously the polariscope of both alignment layers function.
United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 241 has been described a kind of LCD with internal polarizer layer in No. 984, and wherein, the polariscope with orientation performance is carried out the dual-use function of polarization and orientation.The combination of polarization and orientation function, to be limited to polariscopic electric capacity between the electrode of display device structure very big and switching time long, polariscope is quite thick and the optical property of display descends, and makes manufacturing process complicated and dumb more.Another shortcoming is liquid crystal layer always along polarizer axis orientation, thus can't be on these inconsistent directions implement either operational mode.
WO 9,739, and 380 have described a kind of internal polarizer LCD that has, and wherein, utilize dichroic dyestuff solution instantaneous generation polarizer layer on substrate in lyotropic liquid crystal.A shortcoming of this LCD is, in the manufacture process of LCD, need to use the certain material that is applied by particular device to come instantaneous generation polarizer layer, this makes complex process and limited the selection of the material of the function element that is used for LCD.
United States Patent (USP) the 6th, 417 has been described a kind of internal polarizer LCD that has in 899B1 number, wherein, generates polarizing coating on the special both alignment layers between electrode and the substrate.The shortcoming of this solution is because in the manufacture process of LCD, need be on both alignment layers instantaneous generation polarizing coating, make that the selection of complex process and polarizer materials is very limited.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of internal polarizer LCD (LCD) that has, this LCD has overcome the shortcoming among the prior art LCD, and these shortcomings comprise: operating voltage height, multiplication factor (multiplexing rate) be low, may produce chemical action and manufacturing process complexity between liquid crystal layer and internal polarizer layer.
Realize these and other objects by LCD of the present invention, this LCD comprises front panel, rear panel and the liquid crystal layer between front panel and rear panel.In front panel and the rear panel at least one comprises internal polarizer, between the electrode and substrate in same panel.Internal polarizer is made by the material that chemical property is stable under at least 150 ℃ high temperature.
Description of drawings
In conjunction with following accompanying drawing, can be well understood to the present invention from following explanation, wherein:
Fig. 1 (prior art) is the synoptic diagram that the LCD with external polarizer is shown;
Fig. 2 (prior art) illustrates to comprise the synoptic diagram that is placed on two internal polarizer LCD between a plurality of electrodes.
Fig. 3 illustrates the synoptic diagram that comprises the internal polarizer LCD that is placed between electrode and the substrate according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram that reflective liquid-crystal display according to an embodiment of the invention is shown.
Fig. 5 is the synoptic diagram that semi-transparent reflection formula LCD according to an embodiment of the invention is shown.
Fig. 6 illustrates the LCD that also is used as the reflection horizon of electrode that comprises according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is the synoptic diagram that transmissive type liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the invention is shown.
Embodiment
When describing substrate, electrode, polariscope, the axis of homology and alignment direction with term " preceding ", be meant that described element is positioned at beholder's one side of liquid crystal herein.
When describing substrate, electrode, polariscope, the axis of homology and alignment direction with term " back ", be meant that described element is positioned at a side relative with the beholder of liquid crystal herein.
The invention provides a kind of LCD, it comprises at least one internal polarizer and electrode, substrate and other functional layer.Between the electrode and substrate of internal polarizer in front panel, or between the electrode and substrate in rear panel.In this embodiment, substrate provides the protection to both alignment layers and electrode, makes its influence of avoiding external factor, has therefore reduced the operating voltage that is used to control liquid crystal.Internal polarizer is made by exotic material (that is the stable material of chemical property under at least 150 ℃ high temperature).
The LCD manufacture process comprises a plurality of stages, requires all layers in panel all high temperature resistant.These stages comprise: ITO sputter process and polyimide baking.Indium tin oxide or ITO are the common used materials of the electrode in the liquid crystal cell.Polyimide is as the employed material of the both alignment layers of liquid crystal material in LCD makes.Can use extra protective seam, in the ITO etching process, to protect polariscope.
In one embodiment of the invention, the layer structure of LCD is as follows.Liquid crystal layer be sandwiched in and the contacted a plurality of both alignment layers of front surface and rear surface of liquid crystal layer between.Liquid crystal with adjacent both alignment layers is between electrode.At least one front panel or rear panel comprise the internal polarizer that at least one is made by exotic material, and this internal polarizer is between substrate and electrode.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a panel in front panel and the rear panel has internal polarizer in its functional layer, and another panel has external polarizer.
In another embodiment of the present invention, except internal polarizer, semi-transparent reflection formula LCD can comprise at least two external polarizer.According to the present invention, at least one external polarizer is positioned on the panel identical with internal polarizer.
External polarizer of the present invention need not made by exotic material, although can use this material to make external polarizer yet.
In another embodiment of the present invention, internal polarizer is the covered substrate all surfaces not.This have the polariscopic design of local interior and can be used in some characteristics with transmission-type and reflective design and be combined in the design in the display.
Between electrode and the polariscope and/or between polariscope and substrate without any need for other auxiliary layer, although for some special applications, if necessary, also can provide auxiliary layer.
According to the present invention, can select to be used for the material of polariscope and auxiliary functional layers.The LCD of prior art requires special material for polarizing coating, and also requires special auxiliary layer and special manufacturing technology.Because to the introducing of the restriction of material and extra technological operation, so these factors make the polariscope process complications.
The polariscope that uses in LCD can be the flat board with nonlinear optical properties, also can be the device of Taylor-Glan prism type.The Taylor-Glan prism devices is applied in the optical projection system usually.
In one embodiment of the invention, polariscope is can be from Optiva, Inc., California, the crystal film (TCF) that USA obtains.This optical anisotropy dichroic crystalline thin thickness, temperature sensitivity are low, refractive index height anisotropy and dichroic are bigger than very.These characteristics of TCF are relevant with material and the method for making this film use.In case with liquid crystal be applied on the suitable substrate, orientation, dry then because the crystallization of liquid crystal phase makes TCF of the present invention form particular molecule crystalline texture.This liquid crystal phase comprises at least aly can form the organism that solubilized stable causes liquid crystal phase or thermotropic liquid crystal phase.This organism comprises at least a organic compound, its chemical formula comprises (i) at least a ionic group, to guarantee the dissolving in polar solvent, be used to obtain the lyotropic liquid crystal phase, and/or (ii) at least a non-ionic group, to guarantee the dissolving in non-polar solvent, be used to obtain the lyotropic liquid crystal phase, and/or (iii) at least a counterion, it can keep also in molecular structure and can not keep after film forms.
The optical anisotropy dichroic crystalline comprises the supramolecular complex of a large amount of one or more organic compounds.These supramolecular complexs are orientated with ad hoc fashion, to form the on-state rate and the polarization of transmitted light.This film comprises rod-like supramolecules, and this rod-like supramolecules comprises at least a dish type polycyclic organic compound with conjugated pi system.This film has spherical orderly crystal structure, and intermolecular interval is 3.4 ± 0.3 along its polarization axle.
Based in the conjugation aromatic rings, having conjugated system that launches and the existence that is positioned at planes of molecules and is connected, select to be used for the stock of optical anisotropy dichroic crystalline such as groups such as amine, phenol, ketone with conjugated system of bonds.Molecule and/or molecule fragment have planar structure.These stocks for example have indanthrone (vat blue 4), bisbenzimidazole 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid (urn red 14), bisbenzimidazole 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid, quinacridone (pigment violet 1 9) etc., its derivant (or their potpourri) can form stable lyotropic liquid crystal phase.When selecting to be used for the material of TCF, can consider the transmission spectrum of this film in visual range.Thereby use dyestuff can use thin crystal film polarizer as colour temperature or neutral filter and/or as ultraviolet ray or infrared filter as initial compound.
Formed colloidal lyotropic crystal system is formed by the molecule of the supramolecular complex of the moving cell that is gathered into constitution system (kinetic unit).These supramolecular complexs are orientated with ad hoc fashion, to form the on-state rate and the polarization of transmitted light.WO 01/63346 has described a kind of colloidal lyotropic crystal system, and its content is hereby expressly incorporated by reference.This glue lyotropic liquid crystal is the precursor of orderly system mutually substantially, can form solid-state optical anisotropy dichroic crystalline the removal process of the orientation of ensuing supramolecular complex and solvent from this system.
In the optical anisotropy dichroic crystalline, at least in the part epitaxial, the parallel to each other and molecule of planes of molecules forms three-dimensional crystalline structure.The optimization of manufacture craft allows to form optical anisotropy dichroic single crystal film.Optic axis in this monocrystal is perpendicular to planes of molecules.This crystal film has the anisotropy of height, and shows high index of refraction and/or high absorption coefficient at least in one direction.
Another key character of optical anisotropy dichroic crystalline is its heat-resisting quantity.Relatively, to be limited to maximum temperature usually be 80 ℃ to the polariscopic thermal stability of iodine type.As Bobrov, people such as Y in 18 to 21 September of calendar year 2001 at the 10th SID symposial (Proc.Of the 10 of Minsk, Belarus
ThSID Symposium, Minsk, Republicof Belarus, September 18-21,2001, " the Environmental and optical testing of OptivaThin Crystal Film that 23-30) delivers on " Advanced displaytechnologies "
TMPolarizers " and Ignatov; people such as L. in 16-18 day in May, 2000 at the SID international symposium technical papers that adds the governor beach the 31st volume 834-838 page or leaf (SID; Int.Symp; Digest of Technical Papers; Long Beach; California May 16-18 that makes a summary, Vol.XXXI, described in " the Thin FilmPolarizers:Optical and Color Characteristics.Thermostability " that delivers 834-438), by the optical anisotropy dichroic crystalline (OptivaTCF of the present invention of Optiva company manufacturing
TM) have a heat-resisting quantity that is higher than 150 ℃ of high temperature.The nearest chemical stability that studies show that this film reaches 270 ℃.The LCD manufacture process need expose relatively short time, Optiva TCF under 200 ℃ to 250 ℃ temperature
TMMake and in LCD, have internal polarizer and can make it be applicable to the stage of carrying out ITO sputter and/or PI baking.
Can the mixed colloidal system, this causes the formation of composite supramolecular, so that the epitaxial with intermediate optical characteristics to be provided.In the optical anisotropy dichroic crystalline that obtains from mixed colloidal solutions, absorption coefficient and refractive index can be got various values in the scope of being determined by initial composition.Since meet a characteristic dimension (intermolecular 3.4 ± 0.3 that are spaced apart) of the organic compound that is adopted, thus different colloidal state systems can so be mixed, to form compound supermolecule.The thickness of optical anisotropy dichroic crystalline is determined by the content of the solid matter in the solution that is applied.During film forms, be solution concentration at the technical parameter of commercially producing convenient control under the condition.Can monitor the crystallinity of final epitaxial by X-ray diffraction and/or optical means.Can carry out other processing to the substrate that has applied crystal film, guarantee that the surface is evenly wetting, so that the water wettability on surface to be provided.Possible processing comprises machine work, annealing and mechanochemistry processing etc.Before applying crystal film, surface that can the machine work substrate, thus forming the anisotropy alignment structure, this can improve the degree of orientation of molecule in the crystal film that obtains.
Can handle to form with specific particular orientation to polariscope be the smart rugosity of surface microscopic of feature, thereby polariscope can be carried out the function of both alignment layers.
Can distribute by the specific angle of setting up molecule in the polarizing coating on substrate surface guarantees the required absorption coefficient and the anisotropy of refractive index, and the orientation of main shaft (that is the optical characteristics of the electric light anisotropic crystal film of sandwich construction).
In manufacture process, can control the optical characteristics of crystal film by said method, therefore according to the needs of various special applications, can the regulating course characteristic.For example, can regulate polariscopic absorption spectrum, this can improve the colour rendering and the achromatism of display.Birefringent film can be used as phase delay device by in the default phase shift of specific wavelength.By changing the optical anisotropy of film, can improve angle characteristic with the polariscopic LCD of film crystal.
The optical dichroism of film makes can use this polariscope as phase delay device, to improve the contrast and/or the angle characteristic of LCD.
Optiva TCF of the present invention
TMPolariscopic another key character is that thickness is little.The performance of LCD depends on the thickness of each layer in the design to a great extent.Traditional polariscope (particularly based on PVA polariscope) is not used as one of them reason of internal polarizer yet and is that its thickness that has added protective seam is greater than 200 microns even used protective seam.
Optiva TCF of the present invention
TMPolariscope thickness is less than 1 micron, and if necessary, even added additional layer, its thickness is also significantly less than traditional polariscope.Iodine type for example.
Polarizer type is depended in polariscope position with respect to other layer in display.The polariscope of prism type is usually located at the front side and the outside of liquid crystal display layer structure.Thin crystal film polarizer can be between other liquid crystal display layer.
LCD comprises and is used for normally moving needed other functional layer of display.Image control in LCD is provided by electrode layer.Require electrode layer material to have quite low resistance, and be provided for controlling the connection that voltage is supplied with.In addition, it is transparent requiring electrode, thereby can obtain enough bright image.In most of the cases, electrode is made by the transparent conductive material of indium tin oxide (ITO) type.In some LCD (for example, single polarizer reflective type), one of them electrode can be opaque.
Both alignment layers (orientation device) is used for the orientation at the nematic phase liquid crystal molecule.Both alignment layers is determined the twist angle of liquid crystal, and directly links to each other with liquid crystal usually.Usually, both alignment layers is by making such as the polymeric material of polyamide (for example, SE3210 Nissan).
Substrate protection above-mentioned functions layer in LCD makes its influence of avoiding external factor, and as the mechanical pedestal element.Usually by making such as glass or plastics, thickness is about 0.7mm to substrate usually, and refractive index is about 1.5.
The thickness of auxiliary layer and material require to select to function and transparency in the wavelength coverage of 700nm at 400nm based on them.
LCD can comprise other layer, improving picture quality and electrical characteristics, and prevents from not wish between the adjacent layer physics and the chemical interaction that take place, and is used for other purpose.
For example, phase delay (phase compensation) or retardation layer can be used for improving picture quality and color rendering.According to disclosed invention, retardation layer can be positioned on one or two panel of display.In certain embodiments, retarder layer is made by a kind of heat proof material that Optiva company makes, with reference to Lazarev, P. wait the people in June calendar year 2001 at the SID of San Jose, California international symposium technical papers the 32nd volume 571-573 page or leaf (SID that makes a summary, Int.Symp.Digest of Technical Papers, San Jose, CA, June 2001, Vol.XXXII, people such as " Submicron Thin Retardation Coating " that delivers pp.571-573) and T.Fiske in May, 2002 in the Massachusetts Bostonian SID international symposium technical papers summary 866-869 page or leaf (SID, Int.Symp.Digest of Technical Papers, Boston, Ma, May 2002, " the Molecular Alignment inCrystal Polarizers and Retarders " that delivers in pp.866-869).Optaiva TCF delayer is the thin layer that can be used in respect to the liquid crystal cell inside at the diverse location place of other function element of LCD.In certain embodiments, having the internal polarizer LCD can make the TCF retarder layer be located between the internal polarizer and electrode on the identical panel.Yet, in another embodiment, be designed to have be positioned at one on the panel internal polarizer and the LCD of external polarizer, can make the TCF retarder layer between internal polarizer and the electrode or between two polariscopes.
Can use extra protective seam during manufacturing and operation LCD, to be damaged to prevent other layer.For example, wish to protect outside preceding polariscope by special skin.Insulation course (for example, SiO
2) can increase the resistance between the electrode, and the protection liquid crystal display device structure is avoided electric breakdown.Adhesive phase can make between functional layer and the auxiliary layer and adhere to mutually better.Complanation layer can be used for the roughness on the homogenising LCD element.For example, suppress not wish the interference effect that takes place by diffuse reflector with rough surface.Color filter matrices can be used for the formation at the colour liquid crystal display device coloured image.The interference that the diffuse scattering layer can be used for increasing the visual angle and suppress not wish to take place.Antireflecting coating can be used for improving contrast etc.
Various functions can be merged and carried out by a layer, this layer is made by special material or is formed by specific process.For example, LCD can comprise reflective polarizer, or reflective electrode, or polarizer/alignment layer.
Some other functional layers also can be set between electrode and substrate layer, need only the technical result that these layers do not hinder the normal function of LCD and do not influence acquisition.
For example, the arts demand that existing use photoetching process uses etching to form electrode layer then uses the protectiveness acrylate layer, contacts with etching solution to prevent polariscope.Acrylate layer is deposited on the polariscope side towards electrode.Except the protection polariscope was avoided being etched with in the process that electrode forms, acrylate layer can prevent that also polariscopic composition (for example: metallic ion) in the dissolving in service of LCD.
Polariscopic opposite side also can link to each other with extra layer, for example, makes the complanation layer of the roughness homogenising of the diffusion disk in the reflected displaying device, or protects polariscope to avoid the layer of the aluminium ion diffusion of mirror reflection layer in reflected displaying device.
Space between electrode and the liquid crystal layer can also hold extra polariscope, phase delay device, color filter matrices and binder film etc.
In another embodiment, the thickness of selection function layer and order, with guarantee at least one wavelength in the interference extreme value in the display output at 500nm in the spectral range of 600nm.This be for the high brightness that guarantees display in the sensitive range of human eye.
The LCD of disclosure invention can comprise a plurality of polariscopes.Usually, liquid crystal display device structure comprises two polarization layers, and the every side of liquid crystal layer has one.Each polariscope can be provided with according to the functional sequence of the proposal of layer.Simultaneously, can improve polariscopic quality by using a pair of polarization layer that on the every side of liquid crystal, has intermediate adhesive (intermediate adhesive).This double-deck polariscope can also be located between the electrode and substrate of a side of liquid crystal.Reduce the performance that polariscopic thickness can further improve LCD.For example, the polariscopic thickness of standard iodine that is applied in most of LCD is approximately 100 micron thickness.The polariscopic thickness that uses in LCD of the present invention is little of 1 micron, or less than 1 micron.This polariscope is made by optical anisotropy dichroic liquid crystal film.Minimum by the polariscope thickness that TCF makes, temperature sensitivity is low, refractive index height anisotropy, good, the oblique polarization capacity height of angle characteristic, dichroic are bigger than very.
Another embodiment of the present invention has disclosed a kind of liquid crystal design, and it has high temperature resistant internal polarizer on a panel, have external polarizer on another panel.In this case, can consider two kinds of designs.A kind of design is to have internal polarizer in the plate in the back, and another kind of design is to have internal polarizer in the plate in front.In this embodiment, external polarizer can be the high durability polariscope identical with being used for the internal polarizer polariscope, also can be the polariscope of any kind.The design of this embodiment can be used for the LCD of any kind, comprise the design of reflective, transmission-type and semi-transparent reflection formula, and these designs will show the above-mentioned advantage of disclosure LCD.
Another embodiment of the present invention is the LCD that also comprises retardation layer.This retardation layer also can be made by exotic material.
Another embodiment of the present invention is to comprise three polariscopic semi-transparent reflection formula LCD, and wherein two is external polarizer, and one is internal polarizer.In this embodiment, this one or two external polarizer polariscope can be the high durability polariscope identical with being used for the internal polarizer polariscope, also can be the polariscope of any kind.This design will show the above-mentioned advantage of disclosure LCD.
Present invention is described below with reference to accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 (prior art) illustrates the LCD with two external polarizer.This LCD comprises two protective seams 101, is used to protect two external polarizer 102 to avoid from the scratch of display both sides and humidity etc.Polariscope 102 is placed on the corresponding transparency carrier 103.LCD comprises two electrodes 104, two both alignment layers 105 and liquid crystal layers 106.Except protective seam 101, LCD shown in Figure 1 is characterised in that the very big and light path increase of thickness.These factors cause the angle characteristic to descend.
Fig. 2 (prior art) illustrates has two internal polarizer LCD, and two polariscopes are all between a plurality of electrodes 104.First internal polarizer 201 is placed between the electrode 104 and liquid crystal layer 106 in the front panel, and plays both alignment layers for liquid crystal layer 106.Second polariscope 202 is placed between the both alignment layers 105 and electrode 104 in the rear panel.This design does not need the both alignment layers 105 and second polariscope 202 are combined into individual layer.Owing to polarizer layer 201 and 202 is arranged between a plurality of electrodes 104, so this design needs high working voltage and may have low multiplication factor etc.These shortcomings are higher relatively relevant with the specific inductive capacity of polarizer materials.Another shortcoming of LCD shown in Figure 2 is directly contact between first polarizer/alignment layer 201 and the liquid crystal layer 106.This may cause mixing between each layer by solid-state diffusion, and this mixes can make polariscope 201 and/or liquid crystal layer 106 contaminated (poison).
Fig. 3 shows the LCD according to an embodiment of disclosure invention.Two internal polarizer 301 lay respectively in the front panel and rear panel in electrode 104 and transparency carrier 103 between.Between a plurality of electrodes 104, accommodate liquid crystal layer 106 and in two both alignment layers 105 of liquid crystal layer 106 both sides.The use of internal polarizer 301 has strengthened the visual angle in LCD shown in Figure 3, has improved the angle characteristic, has reduced display thickness, has simplified the design of display screen, and has significantly strengthened polarizer layer and avoided scratch and moist protection.In addition, internal polarizer 301 is arranged on the outside of electrode 104, has reduced operating voltage and improved the multiplication factor (multiplexing rate) of display.In addition, electrode 104 is arranged between the internal polarizer layer 301 and liquid crystal layer 106 in each panel, this setting provides the protection that makes liquid crystal layer and polarizer layer avoid spreading poisoning.According to there not being another embodiment of the present invention shown in this figure, transmission type LCD can have different designs, wherein only have internal polarizer in two panels, and another panel has external polarizer, is between its a plurality of functional layers.
Fig. 4 shows the reflective LCD that comprises reflection horizon 401 according to an embodiment of disclosure invention.The light that use from environment light source or front light-source in reflection horizon 401 makes LCD form image.Reflective LCD has also reduced power consumption significantly.According to there not being another embodiment of the present invention shown in this figure, reflective LCD has another kind of design, wherein only have internal polarizer among in two panels, and another panel has external polarizer, is between its a plurality of functional layers.
Fig. 5 shows the semi-transparent reflection formula LCD according to an embodiment of disclosure invention.This LCD comprises translucent reflection horizon 401.Back light system 501 is positioned at the rear side of LCD.Translucent reflective layer and back light system provide the LCD of semi-transparent reflection type.This semi-transparent reflection formula LCD combines the advantage of reflective LCD and transmission type LCD.Except back light, semi-transparent reflection formula LCD can also environment for use light source or preceding radiant.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, semi-transparent reflection formula LCD can have multiple different design.According to one of them, only have internal polarizer among in two panels, and another panel has external polarizer, is between its a plurality of functional layers.In another embodiment, comprise at least three polariscopes, wherein two is external polarizer, and one is internal polarizer.In this embodiment, this one or two external polarizer can be the high durability polariscope identical with being used for the internal polarizer polariscope, also can be the polariscope of any kind.Yet in another embodiment that does not describe specially in this manual, internal polarizer does not cover the whole base plate surface, and in other words, its surf zone on optical path is less than the zone that is covered by liquid crystal material.
Fig. 6 shows the LCD according to an embodiment of disclosure invention, and this LCD comprises the reflection horizon 601 of carrying out electrode function simultaneously.This electrode/reflective layer 601 is arranged on the rear side of display, between transparency carrier 103 and the both alignment layers 105.The advantage of LCD shown in Figure 6 be environment for use light source and display the layer gross thickness little.The gross thickness of these layers provides the high brightness of high corner characteristics and LCD for a short time.
Fig. 7 shows the transmission type LCD according to an embodiment of disclosure invention.Transmission type LCD comprises the back light system 501 that is arranged on the LCD rear side.Back light system makes disclosed LCD autoluminescence, does not need surround lighting.
Greatly reduce LCD operating voltage and electric capacity by LCD provided by the invention, increased liquid crystal display image luminance and contrast, visual angle, and the soundness of resisting surperficial mechanical damage.Disclosure invention does not make the manufacturing process of LCD more complicated.In addition, LCD of the present invention has reduced the loss of the luminous flux in liquid crystal display device structure, and has reduced the thickness of display.
The above is the preferred embodiments of the present invention only, is not limited to the present invention, and for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and variation.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of being done, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (23)
1. LCD comprises:
Front panel;
Rear panel; And
Liquid crystal layer, between two described panels,
Wherein, at least one of described front panel and rear panel, comprise internal polarizer, between the electrode and substrate of described internal polarizer in described panel; And
Described internal polarizer is made by the material that chemical property is stable under at least 150 ℃ of high temperature.
2. LCD according to claim 1, wherein, described internal polarizer is made by the optical anisotropy dichroic crystalline, described optical anisotropy dichroic crystalline comprises rod-like supramolecules, described rod-like supramolecules comprises at least a dish type polycyclic organic compound with conjugated pi system, and described film is characterised in that intermolecular interval is 3.4 ± 0.3 along its polarization axle.
3. LCD according to claim 2, wherein, described optical anisotropy dichroic film is formed by the lyotropic liquid crystal that comprises at least a dichroic dyestuff.
4. according to each described LCD in the claim 1 to 3, wherein, described internal polarizer thickness is less than 1 micron.
5. according to each described LCD in the claim 1 to 4, wherein, described polarizer materials chemical property under at least 200 ℃ high temperature is stable.
6. according to each described LCD in the claim 1 to 5, except that described internal polarizer, also comprise the external polarizer that is positioned on the described panel.
7. according to each described LCD in the claim 1 to 6, wherein, described rear panel also comprises the reflection horizon.
8. according to each described LCD in the claim 1 to 6, wherein, described rear panel also comprises translucent reflective layer and back light system.
9. according to each described LCD in claim 7 or 8, wherein, described front panel also comprises preceding photosystem.
10. according to each described LCD in the claim 7 to 9, wherein, described reflection horizon is diffusion.
11. according to each described LCD in the claim 7 to 9, wherein, described reflection horizon is a minute surface.
12. according to each described LCD in the claim 7 to 11, wherein, conduct electricity in described reflection horizon, and carry out the function of electrode.
13. each described LCD in 14 also comprises at least one external polarizer according to Claim 8.
14. LCD according to claim 13, wherein, described external polarizer is arranged in the panel identical with described internal polarizer.
15. according to each described LCD in the claim 1 to 14, wherein, the described substrate of the local covering of described internal polarizer.
16. according to each described LCD in the claim 1 to 15, wherein, described rear panel comprises back light system.
17. according to each described LCD in the claim 1 to 16, wherein, described polariscope excute phase delayer and/or the function of proofreading and correct light filter.
18., on the front surface of described display, also comprise antireflection or anti-dazzle coating according to each described LCD in the claim 1 to 17.
19., also comprise at least a functional layer of from the group of forming by retardation layer, protective seam, light scattering layer, polarization layer, correction light filter layer and insulation course, selecting according to each described LCD in the claim 1 to 18.
20. according to each described LCD in the claim 1 to 19, also comprise retardation layer, described retardation layer is made by the optical anisotropy dichroic crystalline, described optical anisotropy dichroic crystalline comprises rod-like supramolecules, described rod-like supramolecules comprises at least a dish type polycyclic organic compound with conjugated pi system, and described film is characterised in that intermolecular interval is 3.4 ± 0.3 along its polarization axle.
21. according to each described LCD in the claim 1 to 20, wherein, the thickness of selection function layer and order, with guarantee at least one wavelength in the interference extreme value in the display output at 500nm in the spectral range of 600nm.
22. according to each described LCD in claim 6 or 13, wherein, described external polarizer is made by the optical anisotropy dichroic crystalline, described optical anisotropy dichroic crystalline comprises rod-like supramolecules, described rod-like supramolecules comprises at least a dish type polycyclic organic compound with conjugated pi system, and described film is characterised in that intermolecular interval is 3.4 ± 0.3 along its polarization axle.
23. LCD according to claim 22, wherein, described optical anisotropy dichroic film is formed by the lyotropic liquid crystal that comprises at least a dichroic dyestuff.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US46168603P | 2003-04-09 | 2003-04-09 | |
| US60/461,686 | 2003-04-09 | ||
| US10/656,516 | 2003-09-04 |
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| CN1768293A true CN1768293A (en) | 2006-05-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN 200480009137 Pending CN1768293A (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2004-04-06 | Liquid crystal display with internal polarizer |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102138101A (en) * | 2008-07-07 | 2011-07-27 | 创造者科技有限公司 | A display structure with a roughened sub-electrode layer |
| CN102317844A (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2012-01-11 | 夏普株式会社 | Liquid crystal display device |
| CN104597665A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-05-06 | 厦门天马微电子有限公司 | Liquid crystal display panel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN104597666A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-05-06 | 厦门天马微电子有限公司 | Liquid crystal display panel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN110050208A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2019-07-23 | 东洋纺株式会社 | Liquid crystal display device, polarizer and polaroid protective film |
| CN110376784A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2019-10-25 | 深圳市华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司 | Liquid crystal display panel, liquid crystal display device |
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2004
- 2004-04-06 CN CN 200480009137 patent/CN1768293A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102138101A (en) * | 2008-07-07 | 2011-07-27 | 创造者科技有限公司 | A display structure with a roughened sub-electrode layer |
| CN102317844A (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2012-01-11 | 夏普株式会社 | Liquid crystal display device |
| CN104597665A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-05-06 | 厦门天马微电子有限公司 | Liquid crystal display panel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN104597666A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-05-06 | 厦门天马微电子有限公司 | Liquid crystal display panel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN104597665B (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2017-12-26 | 厦门天马微电子有限公司 | A kind of liquid crystal display panel and preparation method thereof |
| US9891466B2 (en) | 2015-02-13 | 2018-02-13 | Xiamen Tianma Micro-Electronics Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display panel and fabrication method thereof |
| US10114249B2 (en) | 2015-02-13 | 2018-10-30 | Xiamen Tianma Micro-Electronics Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display panel and fabrication method thereof |
| CN110050208A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2019-07-23 | 东洋纺株式会社 | Liquid crystal display device, polarizer and polaroid protective film |
| CN110376784A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2019-10-25 | 深圳市华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司 | Liquid crystal display panel, liquid crystal display device |
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