CN1762802A - Method for industrial production of white carbon black using rice husk - Google Patents
Method for industrial production of white carbon black using rice husk Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The preparation process of white carbon black with rice hull as material includes complete combustion of rice hull at 300-700 deg.c to produce rice hull ash; chemical reaction of rice hull ash and sodium hydroxide at 100-125 deg,c and 0.1-0.25 MPa to produce water glass; and the further reaction of water glass and acid to obtain white carbon black. The present invention has high SiO2 content in rice hull ash, short production period, high SiO2 converting rate, simple process and low production cost, and the white carbon black product has specific surface area up to 330 sq m/g and low impurity content.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of white carbon black, specifically is the method for feedstock production active silica with the rice hull ash.
Background technology
White carbon black has purposes widely, can make filler, strengthening agent etc. in fields such as rubber, coating, plastics, medicine, fire-fighting, daily use chemicals.The production technique of white carbon black mainly is the precipitator method or vapor phase process, and main raw material is the water glass that utilizes natural siliceous sand to make, and production cost is higher relatively.
Utilize the method for the white carbon black of rice husk production more at present, as combustion method, Na
2CO
3Method etc.Title " is produced unformed white carbon black and gac novel process ", and application number 93103043.9 discloses rice husk has been made the standard charring rice husk, through boil, solid-liquid separation, gained filtrate is through the white carbon black of low-temperature decomposition → separation → neutralization → diafiltration → drying → pulverizing → promptly get.Application number 86107192, " with rice husk industrial production of white carbon black method ", a kind of method with rice husk industrial production of white carbon black (porous silica) is disclosed, this method is to utilize rice husk to be raw material, heat up through slow at stoving oven, the secluding air low-temperature bake makes that organism fully decomposes in the rice husk, gasifies, and reaches the albefaction burning.Directly the white carbon black purity of combustion method preparation is not high, is difficult to adapt to industrial requirement.
Utilize the method for the white carbon black of rice husk production that the mineral alkali of use or soda processes are also arranged, a kind of method of extracting the production technique of silicon-dioxide is disclosed such as " a kind of producing and manufacturing technique that extracts silicon-dioxide " application number 95114827.3, be with rice hull ash, Boiler Ash is the pressurization of heating (140～170 ℃ are carried out chemical reaction with soda ash solution under 5～7MPa) the condition in stirred autoclave.Cooling after filtration,, filter, pull an oar neutralization, filtration, oven dry and hyperthermia drying promptly obtain silica product.This method is to utilize the reduction reaction characteristic of yellow soda ash and silicon-dioxide, directly extracts silicon-dioxide, needs reaction under high pressure, press filtration more than 3 times, and discharge great amount of carbon dioxide in the reaction, the industrialization cost is higher.
" is the method for feedstock production aerosil with the rice hull ash " application number 03127920.1 discloses and has used rice hull ash, through in inorganic base aqueous solution leaching, the mineral acid and basic solution generate silica hydrogel pH5-9, hydrogel moisture, the liquid CO in aging 5-40 hour, organic solvent replacing water gel
2Displacement organic solvent, supercritical CO
2Drying promptly makes white aerosil.Its specific surface area is 297.3m
2/ g, apparent density is 0.532g/cm
3, inner micropore mean pore size is 22.3 nanometers.This method is sent out needs the long period aging, and production cost is higher and the supercritical drying cost is higher.
" by bio-silicon dioxide production soluble silicate " application number 88106386.X, disclose under the situation that anti-blushing agent (as a kind of active carbonaceous material) arranged, with bio-silicon dioxide (rice hull ash, 800-1400 ℃ of control combustion conditions, make that the residue carbon containing is 1-12%) be dissolved in the strong base solution and make, and point out that temperature surpasses 2000 ℃ and can make amorphous state change into crystallization shape.Application number 88105429.1, " rice hull ash coproduction water glass and gac " disclose with rice hull ash under the condition of heating, pressurizeing with caustic soda soln water generation reaction glass; Contained silicon dioxde reaction the time, make charcoal obtain activation in caustic soda and the rice hull ash, the effect of water vapor also can make the micropore of charcoal increase, thereby reaches the activatory purpose.Filter residue, filtrate can make water glass (Na after separating
2OnSiO
2) and two kinds of products of gac.Also water glass further can be processed into silication worker series product such as white carbon black, silica gel.Aforesaid method control rice hull ash combustion conditions reaches 800-1400 ℃, and co-producing active carbon is strict to the rice hull ash combustion conditions, and will more than 128 ℃, pressure 2.5 kgfs/centimetre more than 2, reacted 4～6 hours, the reaction conditions strictness, the cycle is long.
Studies show that, the productive rate of the temperature of combustion dialogue carbon black of rice husk and active most important, the temperature of combustion of rice husk is low excessively, because organism can not fully decompose in the rice husk, is wrapped in a large amount of SiO
2Cell not by completely destroy, alkali lye can't make separating organic matters such as silicon-dioxide and Mierocrystalline cellulose, causes SiO
2Extraction yield is low; Temperature is too high, the unformed SiO in the rice husk
2Can be converted into cristobalite type structure, reduce SiO greatly
2Activity, cause SiO
2The transformation efficiency that is converted into water glass reduces greatly, and long reaction times or the digestion time that these all need increased cost virtually.So far, the method that obtains the active silica of high-specific surface area still needs cost than higher supercritical CO
2Drying process, or reaction pressure height, reaction times, digestion time are longer, make the production cycle longer, and competitive power is not high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the method for the white carbon black of production that a kind of cost is low, technology is simple, the cycle is short.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme provided by the invention is:
Under specified temp, handle rice husk, it is amorphous to make that silicon-dioxide in the rice hull ash is in, and carries through alkali and to obtain water glass, add acid and generate silica-seed, and further reaction under pH3～4 conditions, crystal seed is assembled, after filtration, washing, dryly produce white carbon black.
Specifically, technological process is:
1, rice husk generates rice hull ash be controlled under 300-700 ℃ the condition fully burning or charing through temperature after.Silicon-dioxide can reach 60～95% in the lime-ash, and wherein active silica can reach 60～70% (adopting X ray to measure molecular structure).
Rice husk belongs to the grass class, a large amount of abrim SiO in the silicon cell in its epidermic cell
2, be SiO in the rice hull ash
2Main source.Why the temperature of burning or charing is controlled at 300-700 ℃, is because surpass 700 ℃, the unformed SiO in the rice husk
2Can be converted into cristobalite type structure, reduce SiO greatly
2Activity, cause SiO
2The transformation efficiency that is converted into water glass reduces greatly.Be lower than under 300 ℃ the temperature,, be wrapped in a large amount of SiO because organism can not fully decompose in the rice husk
2Cell not by completely destroy, alkali lye can't make separating organic matters such as silicon-dioxide and Mierocrystalline cellulose under the not high situation of temperature, pressure, causes SiO
2Extraction yield is low.
2, with rice hull ash, 42% industrial caustic soda and water be by weight ratio: 1: 0.54～0.64: 2.87～3.0 proportionings drop in the reactor, in temperature is that 100～125 ℃, reaction pressure are 0.1～0.25Mpa, reaction times is under 0.5～1 hour the condition, fully reaction, all strippings of active silica in the rice hull ash.Reaction solution undertaken by equipment such as flame filter presses gained liquid is the water glass filtrate of 20～32%w/w after the filtering separation, promptly water glass is commonly called as bubble flower alkali, smart again filter handle with remove get final product behind the solid impurity Purified Water glass, Baume concentration is 20～25Be.
Test shows that the consumption of industrial caustic soda is advisable with modulus of water glass (mol ratio of silicon-dioxide and sodium oxide claims modulus) 3.4～3.8.Modulus is low excessively, less than 3 being " alkalescence " water glass, increases cost height, subsequent disposal trouble with the acid amount when producing white carbon black; Modulus is too high, and promptly the caustic soda consumption is less relatively, can reduce the extraction yield of silicon-dioxide.
3, Purified Water glass being formulated to density is 20Be, in 60～95 ℃ temperature range, adds water glass and acid (vitriol oil or diluted acid) simultaneously; According to calculated amount, the consumption of water glass and acid adds acid-respons 1-5 hour so that its control pH 9～10.5 is advisable behind reaction 50～100min again, the acid amount so that pH to 3～4 calculate.Usually water glass and dilute sulphuric acid 50% react by weight 7.5～9: 1 ratio.Above-mentioned reaction adds water glass and acid simultaneously, and control pH 9～10.5 makes and produces more crystal seed, adds acid-respons 1-5 hour then, makes pH to 3～4 be terminal point, and crystal seed is further assembled, and generates white carbon black throw out.
4, throw out filters, washs, and filter cake promptly gets white carbon black product by drying plant oven dry, packing behind making beating, defibrination.
The present invention since control rice husk temperature of combustion at 300～700 ℃, active SiO in the rice hull ash
2Content very high, as long as caustic soda and lime-ash mix, do not need long time fully to react, therefore with short production cycle, do not need further to wear out.Add water glass and acid in the technology simultaneously, control pH 9～10.5 makes and produces more crystal seed, uses acid-respons 1-5 hour then, makes pH to 3～4 be terminal point, and crystal seed is further assembled, so silicon-dioxide transformation efficiency height.The present invention adopts rice hull ash to produce white carbon black, has not only solved environmental issue, and production technique is simple, and production cost is low, and is with short production cycle, and white carbon black product specific surface area is big, and foreign matter content is low, has the stronger market competitiveness.
Embodiment
Below mode by specific embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is further described, be limitation of the present invention but should not be construed as.
Embodiment one
Get 2500 gram rice husks, after temperature is controlled at 300 ℃ of burnings, get lime-ash 593 gram, wherein SiO
2Content is 63%.The industrial caustic soda of rice hull ash and 42% and the water weight proportion by 1: 0.54: 2.87 is dropped in the reactor, is 100 ℃ in temperature, and pressure is reaction discharging after 0.5 hour under the condition of 0.1MPa, after handling after filtration water glass total amount 2366 gram, wherein SiO
2Content is 14.5%, and modulus is 3.4, then
SiO
2Transformation efficiency=2366 * 14.5% ÷ (593 * 63%)=92%.
The caustic soda dosage is 0.54 weight part, is that will to reach modulus according to the water glass of producing be 3.4 requirement and definite.Produce modulus and be 3.4 water glass, then the corresponding caustic soda of per minute rice hull ash adds measuring and calculates that process is as follows:
2×40 3.4×60
42％×x 1×63％×92％
x＝1×63％×92％×(2×40)÷(3.4×60)÷42％
＝0.54
Caustic soda amount too much can cause the modulus of water glass of producing on the low side, sodium oxide concentration height, thus increase with the acid amount when causing white carbon black to produce, cause production cost to increase; Cross that I haven't seen you for ages causes the modulus of water glass of producing higher, influence the extracted amount of silicon-dioxide.
Filtrate density is allocated as 20Be (SiO
2Content is 14.5%; Na
2O content is 4.4%), in 95 ℃ temperature range, add water glass simultaneously in 8.5: 1 ratio again and concentration is 50%w/w sulfuric acid, control product pH is 9, adding concentration again behind the reaction 100min is 50%w/w sulfuric acid reaction 1 hour, the acid amount is so that pH to 3～4, promptly get deposition white carbon black finished product 343 grams for endpoint calculation obtains behind sheet frame washing, defibrination, making beating, dry packing.
The silicon-dioxide transformation efficiency reaches 92%, and it is 0.946 ton of 3.4 water glass that rice husk per ton can produce modulus, 0.137 ton of white carbon black.Product performance see Table 1.
Embodiment two
With 2500 gram rice husks, after temperature is controlled at 500 ℃ of burnings, get lime-ash 549 gram, wherein SiO
2Content is 68%.The industrial caustic soda of rice hull ash and 42% and the water weight proportion by 1: 0.64: 2.9 is dropped in the reactor, is 120 ℃ in temperature, and pressure is reaction discharging after 1 hour under the condition of 0.25MPa, after handling after filtration water glass total amount 2287 gram, wherein SiO
2Content is 15%, and modulus is 3.10, then
SiO
2Transformation efficiency=2287 * 15% ÷ (549 * 68%)=92%.
Filtrate density is allocated as 20Be (SiO
2Content is 14.5%; Na
2O content is 4.8%), in 60 ℃ temperature range, add water glass simultaneously in 9: 1 ratio again and concentration is 50%w/w sulfuric acid, control pH is 10.5, adding concentration again behind the reaction 100min is 50%w/w sulfuric acid reaction 1 hour, the acid amount is so that pH to 3～4, promptly get deposition white carbon black finished product 343 grams for endpoint calculation obtains behind sheet frame washing, defibrination, making beating, dry packing.
The silicon-dioxide transformation efficiency reaches 92%, and it is 0.915 ton of 3.10 water glass that rice husk per ton can produce modulus, 0.137 ton of white carbon black.Product performance see Table 1.
Embodiment three
Get 2500 gram rice husks, after temperature is controlled at 650 ℃ of burnings, get lime-ash 504 gram, wherein SiO
2Content is 74%.The industrial caustic soda of rice hull ash and 42% and the water weight proportion by 1: 0.60: 3.0 is dropped in the reactor, is 100 ℃ in temperature, and pressure is reaction discharging after 0.5 hour under the condition of 0.1MPa, after handling after filtration water glass total amount 2187 gram, wherein SiO
2Content is 15.7%, and modulus is 3.6, then
SiO
2Transformation efficiency=2187 * 15.7% ÷ (504 * 74%)=92%.
Filtrate density is allocated as 20Be (SiO
2Content is 14.5%; Na
2O content is 4.2%), in 75 ℃ temperature range, add water glass simultaneously in 8: 1 ratio again and concentration is 50%w/w sulfuric acid, control pH is 8.5, adding concentration again behind the reaction 100min is 50%w/w sulfuric acid reaction 1 hour, the acid amount is so that pH to 3～4, promptly get deposition white carbon black finished product 343 grams for endpoint calculation obtains behind sheet frame washing, defibrination, making beating, dry packing.
The silicon-dioxide transformation efficiency reaches 92%, and it is 0.875 ton of 3.4 water glass that rice husk per ton can produce modulus, 0.137 ton of white carbon black.Product performance see Table 1.
Embodiment four
Get 2500 gram rice husks, after temperature is controlled at 200 ℃ of burnings, get lime-ash 650 gram, wherein SiO
2Content is 57%.The industrial caustic soda of rice hull ash and 42% and the water weight proportion by 1: 0.54: 2.87 is dropped in the reactor, is 120 ℃ in temperature, and pressure is reaction discharging after 1 hour under the condition of 0.1MPa, after handling after filtration water glass total amount 2369 gram, wherein SiO
2Content is 6.5%, Na
2O content is 4.8%, and modulus is 1.4, then
SiO
2Transformation efficiency=2369 * 6.5% ÷ (650 * 57%)=42%.
Silicon-dioxide transformation efficiency only 42%, because the modulus of water glass of producing is too low, sodium oxide concentration height increases with the acid amount in the time of can causing white carbon black to produce, and causes production cost to increase, thereby does not have necessity that white carbon black is produced in further test.
Embodiment five
Get 2500 gram rice husks after 750 ℃ of burnings, get lime-ash 440 gram, wherein SiO
2Content is 85%.The industrial caustic soda of rice hull ash and 42% and the water weight proportion by 1: 0.60: 3.0 is dropped in the reactor, is 120 ℃ in temperature, and pressure is reaction discharging after 1 hour under the condition of 0.1MPa, after handling after filtration the water glass total amount is 1870 gram, wherein SiO
2Content is 15.3%, and modulus is 3.4, then
SiO
2Transformation efficiency=1870 * 15.3% ÷ (440 * 85%)=76.5%.
Filtrate density is allocated as 20Be (SiO
2Content is 14.5%; Na
2O content is 4.4%), in 75 ℃ temperature range, add water glass simultaneously in 8.5: 1 ratio again and concentration is 50%w/w sulfuric acid, control pH is 9, adding concentration again behind the reaction 100min is 50%w/w sulfuric acid reaction 1 hour, the acid amount is so that pH to 3～4, promptly get deposition white carbon black finished product 343 grams for endpoint calculation obtains behind sheet frame washing, defibrination, making beating, dry packing.
It is 0.748 ton of 3.4 water glass that silicon-dioxide transformation efficiency 76.5%, rice husk per ton can produce modulus, 0.114 ton of white carbon black.Product performance see Table 1.
Table 1 product performance
Above-mentioned test shows, method provided by the invention, active SiO in the rice hull ash
2The content height, the transformation efficiency height, white carbon black is with short production cycle, production cost is low, and the white carbon black specific surface area for preparing is big, foreign matter content is low, product has the stronger market competitiveness.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of method for preparing white carbon black, it is to be feedstock production with the rice hull ash, it is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
A, rice husk are generating rice hull ash after abundant burning or the charing under 300～700 ℃ the condition;
B, rice hull ash were 100～125 ℃ in temperature, and reaction pressure is 0.1～0.25Mpa, with caustic soda soln reaction 0.5～1 hour; Filter, isolating concentration is the water glass filtrate of 20～32%w/w, i.e. water glass; Wherein the consumption of caustic soda is 3.4～3.8 to calculate with modulus of water glass;
C, water glass and acid-respons filter and obtain white carbon black filter cake;
D, through washing, defibrination, making beating, drying, packing promptly with above-mentioned filter cake.
2, the method for the white carbon black of preparation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the temperature of described rice husk burning of a step or charing is 500 ℃～650 ℃.
3, the method for the white carbon black of preparation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described raw material of b step, the caustic soda of rice hull ash, 42%w/w, the weight proportion of water are 1: 0.54～0.64: 2.87～3.0.
4, the method for the white carbon black of preparation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the condition of described water glass of c step and acid-respons is: 60～95 ℃, add water glass and acid simultaneously, the amount ratio of water glass and acid is 9～10.5 calculating with control pH, added acid-respons again 1～5 hour behind reaction 50～100min, make pH to 3～4 be terminal point, filter, filter cake washing to pH value is 6～7.
5, the white carbon black for preparing by each described method of claim 1～4.
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| CN1039000A (en) * | 1988-06-30 | 1990-01-24 | 南京林业大学 | Rice hull ash coproduction water glass and gac |
| CN1090306A (en) * | 1993-03-20 | 1994-08-03 | 刘中材 | Produce unformed white carbon black and gac novel process |
| CN1039898C (en) * | 1995-03-28 | 1998-09-23 | 吴国华 | Production process for extracting silicon dioxide |
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| CN112047352A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2020-12-08 | 福建远翔新材料股份有限公司 | Production method of silicon dioxide for beer anti-clouding agent with high adsorption efficiency |
| CN112047352B (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2021-11-30 | 福建远翔新材料股份有限公司 | Production method of silicon dioxide for beer anti-clouding agent with high adsorption efficiency |
| CN110526252A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2019-12-03 | 广西马中粮油有限公司 | The method of rice husk coproduction waterglass, white carbon black and active carbon |
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