CN1756512A - 双探头 - Google Patents

双探头 Download PDF

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CN1756512A
CN1756512A CNA2003801100011A CN200380110001A CN1756512A CN 1756512 A CN1756512 A CN 1756512A CN A2003801100011 A CNA2003801100011 A CN A2003801100011A CN 200380110001 A CN200380110001 A CN 200380110001A CN 1756512 A CN1756512 A CN 1756512A
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S·杜
T·M·彼得森
T·宋
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Cybersonics Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B17/22004—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves
    • A61B17/22012—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement
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    • A61B17/3207—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
    • A61B2017/32007—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic with suction or vacuum means
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B2217/00—General characteristics of surgical instruments
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    • A61B2217/005—Auxiliary appliance with suction drainage system

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Abstract

一种经过皮肤的外科器械(10)，其用于对结石进行破碎或对石头进行钻孔，该器械包括：一个致动器(12)，其用于以超声频率产生振动；一个喇叭形部件(22)，该部件与所述致动器相连接并用于对致动器的振动进行放大。一个固定探头(32)与所述喇叭形部件相连接，而且用来与结石相接合并将超声频率引向结石。一个浮动探头(44)与所述固定探头同心设置并套装在固定探头上，而可在所述固定探头上滑动。一个自由物体(56)设置在所述喇叭形部件和所述浮动探头之间并用于响应于致动器的振动而在其间振荡，这样就可以对结石产生低频冲击。

Description

双探头
本发明整体上涉及到一种用于将结石打碎和击碎或者用于将石头或骨头钻开的外科器械，具体而言，本发明涉及到用于泌尿科碎石术中的经皮外科器械。
许多人都在其胆、泌尿系统、肾脏或尿道内形成有结石。这些结石可能会将导管挡住和/或产生巨大痛苦，因此必须将这些结石除去。
最初，要实施切开式手术，在这种手术中，要做出一些切口，以接近并取出这些结石。但是，这种处理方法需要较长的恢复期，而且长期以来不太受欢迎。
现在，这些结石已经可以就地进行破碎，然后，将已经破碎的结石自然排出。一些用于对这些结石进行破碎的方法在本领域内已经是公知的。目前使用的器械一般为以固定的低频进行操作的固定式超声波探头设备或气动冲击探头。
在20-30kHz的低频范围内工作的固定式超声波探头对于将小型石头打碎是最佳的选择，能够输送高能量的气动式冲击探头以每秒钟完成5-20次冲击的较低频率进行工作。
另一种技术采用了体外冲击波对结石进行破碎。在这种情况下，病人会受到冲击波的作用，同时冲击波穿过患者的皮肤，这样就会造成淤伤，而且这种方法不适用于孕妇；另外，对于大型石头而言，由于需要多个程序，因此花费时间较长。但是，有些结石因其位置、体积或成分的不同，或者因患者的健康状况的不同，而不能利用该技术来去除。
本发明涉及一种双探头，这种探头既可以以高达20kHz或更高的频率进行操作，又可以利用频率低于1kHz的高能冲击波进行操作。利用同心设置的探头可以形成一个能够进行抽吸的腔管，这样就可以将结石或石头、碎片从患者体内取出。
发明内容
根据本发明，用于将结石打碎或将石头钻开的经皮外科器械大体包括一个用于以超声波频率产生振动的致动器和一个与该致动器相连接并用于将致动器振动进行放大的喇叭状部件。
一个固定式探头被连接到该喇叭状部件上，以用于与结石相接合并向结石传送超声波频率。
一个浮动式探头与固定式探头同心设置并套装在固定式探头上，而且该浮动式探头可在固定式探头上滑动。在喇叭形部件与浮动式探头之间设置有一种自由物体，这种物体用来随着致动器的振动而在喇叭形部件与浮动式探头之间产生振荡，从而对浮动探头和结石产生低频冲击。该浮动探头还可设置在固定式探头的内部或与设置在外部的固定探头同心设置。
此外，还设置有一个发生器，该发生器用于以所需频率、脉冲周期和工作循环对致动器进行驱动，目的是改变由固定探头产生的超声波频率和低频振荡冲击。
此外，固定探头还可包括一个腔管，利用该固定探头的腔管可将已经破碎的结石或骨头排出，而且该腔管与一个穿过喇叭形部件的腔管相联通。
浮动探头可以比固定探头短一些或长一些，而且当比固定探头短时，在浮动探头的振荡过程中，它将延伸到固定探头的远端长度处。
此外，还可设置一个套环，该套环在其近端处被固定到浮动探头上，以用于接收来自自由物体的冲击。此外，还设置有一个外壳，该外壳用于容纳致动器，而且包括一个包围在固定探头和浮动探头周围的远端，该远端与固定探头和浮动探头的远端间隔一定的距离。
优选将一个偏压弹簧设置在套环与外壳的远端之间，以用于将套环推到自由物体内，从而在自由物体的振荡过程中使弹簧产生压缩。
固定探头和浮动探头可从喇叭形部件上拆卸下来，而且还可以采用多个固定探头和浮动探头。这些固定探头和浮动探头优选包括具有不同结构的切割头，而且致动器的驱动频率、脉冲周期和工作循环优选按照能够优化选定的固定和浮动探头的切割/破碎效率的方式进行选择。此外，不同的弹簧刚度对冲击能量及循环频率均有影响。
附图说明
下面将参照附图，通过下述说明，可以更好地理解本发明的优点及特征，其中附图：
图1为根据本发明的经皮外科器械的横向剖视图，图中示出了一个用于以超声波频率产生振动的致动器、一个与该致动器相连接并用于对致动器的振动进行放大的喇叭形部件、一个与喇叭形部件相连接并用来与结石(未示出)相接合的固定探头、一个与固定探头同心设置并套装在固定探头上的浮动探头、一种设置在喇叭形部件和浮动探头之间并用于在其间进行振荡的自由物体和一个用于以所需频率对致动器进行驱动的发生器/控制器；
图2为图1所示的器械之远端的放大视图，图中示出了浮动探头处于向后位置上，从而将固定探头的末梢露出的状态；
图3为一个与图2相似的剖视图，图中示出了浮动探头克服弹簧或类似的弹簧材料而被自由物体移动到向前位置上的状态，同时浮动探头已经从固定探头的末梢经过；
图4a、b、c为固定探头和浮动探头之末梢的放大剖视图，图中示出了用于不同切割和破碎工序中的各种结构。
对本发明的详细说明
参照图1-4c，图中示出了一种用于对结石进行破碎或对骨头进行钻孔/取芯的经皮外科器械，该器械包括：一个用于以超声波频率产生振动的致动器12，该致动器可由多个压电晶体或磁致伸缩部件16及背板18构成。
此外，变换器部件16可被构造成能够减小以绝缘方式叠置在一起的压电晶体之电容作用的结构形式。这样就会对其它在其附近操作的敏感性电气设备产生干涉作用。该问题可通过在每个端部设置绝缘体20及在柱状晶体16的中心设置一个绝缘体、从而产生相反极性的方式而得以解决。
一个喇叭状部件22通过支座26和喇叭形部件22的近端28与致动器12连接在一起。这种结构能够对致动器12的振动进行放大。
一个固定探头通过一个接头38被连接到喇叭形部件的远端36上，其中接头38用于接收超声频率并与结石(未示出)相接合，而且将超声频率引向结石。
如上所述，固定探头和致动器一般以18kHz或更高的频率进行操作，以用于将小型石头或结石打碎。
浮动探头44与固定探头32同心设置并套装在该固定探头32上方或下方，而且可在该固定探头上滑动。
固定探头和浮动探头上可涂覆有一个润滑元件，例如特富龙或亲水涂层。
一个套环48被连接到浮动探头44的近端52上并提供了一种用于接收来自自由物体56的冲击的装置，其中自由物体设置在喇叭状部件22和浮动探头44之间用于在其间响应于致动器12的振动而振荡。这样就可以利用浮动探头32产生低频冲击，这样，当驱动浮动探头44的远端58从固定探头32的远端60上移过时，就会将冲击力传递给结石。
由于致动器12的振动而使自由物体产生的运动将使自由物体56克服弹簧64的偏压力向前移动。弹簧64可使自由物体56返回到抵靠在喇叭状部件22之远端36上的最初位置上。这些振动的频率很低，例如低于1kHz。
因此，以低频进行操作的浮动探头44可以将大型石头有效地破碎成多个小部分，而且被超声波驱动的固定探头32可以用于将被捕捉到的结石破碎成更加精细的颗粒，然后可通过一个穿过固定探头32的腔管和一个穿过喇叭状部件22的腔管70将这些颗粒吸出，其中这些腔管与一个抽吸口74联通，而该抽吸口又与一个真空源(未示出)连接在一起。
应该知道：图示的固定探头32和浮动探头44表示了多种固定和浮动探头，这些探头具有多种末梢部分80、82、84，这些末梢部分可包括锯齿88、外部斜面90或内部斜面92。末梢85是一个浮动末梢，它可具有最终被加工成88、90或92的刀刃。末梢80、82、84提供了适合于对具有不同密度和结构的结石、肌肉或骨头进行切割和钻孔的结构实例。
固定探头32和浮动探头44优选适合于通过如图所示的压配合或通过其它传统连接方式例如螺纹连接、银焊或焊接与喇叭状部件22互换。
固定探头32和浮动探头44可由不同的材料制成，包括不同等级的塑料。浮动探头的外径可以为4毫米并可用于碎石术中，外部的浮动探头44约比固定探头短0-1毫米，而且当按照上述方式受到激励时，将沿纵向从固定探头32延伸出去。
一个发生器/控制器96用于以所需的频率对致动器12进行驱动。该发生器用于改变脉冲频率，以与石头或其它材料的类型及尺寸相匹配，从而确保以最有利和最有效的方式进行碎石。实际上，致动器12是以不同的频率、脉冲周期和工作循环受到驱动的，目的是使该器械10的效率达到最高。
该致动器12可在不同的频率、脉冲周期频率和工作循环下受到发生器96的驱动，目的是使每个切割头80、82、84的效率都能够得以提高。
外壳100用于容纳致动器12，而且其包括一个远端102，该远端在相对固定和浮动探头32、44的远端60、58一定的距离处包围在固定和浮动探头32、44上。一个内表面104为弹簧64提供了一个支撑部件，其中弹簧64被用作套环48与外壳远端102之间的偏压元件，具体如上所述。
尽管上面已经对根据本发明的示例性特定双探头作出了说明，但应该知道：本发明并非局限于此。就是说，本发明还可适当地包括上述的元件，或由上述元件构成，或者主要由上述元件构成。此外，如上所述的本发明还可在省掉某些未在本文中做特殊说明的元件下被合适地实施。因此，本领域技术人员的所有修改、变形或等同替换都将落入由所附权利要求书限定的本发明之保护范围内。

Claims (27)

1.一种经皮的外科器械，其用于对结石进行破碎或对骨头进行钻孔，该器械包括：
一个致动器，其用于以超声频率产生振动；
一个与所述致动器相连接并用于对致动器的振动进行放大的喇叭形部件；
一个固定探头，该探头与所述喇叭形部件相连接，而且用来与结石相接合并将超声频率引向结石；
一个浮动探头，该浮动探头与所述固定探头同心设置并套装在固定探头上，所述浮动探头可在所述固定探头上滑动；
一个自由物体，其设置在所述喇叭形部件和所述浮动探头之间并用于响应于致动器的振动而在其间振荡，这样就可以对结石产生低频冲击。
2.根据权利要求1的器械，其特征在于：所述固定探头包括一个贯穿的腔管，该腔管用于将破碎的结石或骨头吸出。
3.根据权利要求2的器械，其特征在于：所述喇叭形部件包括一个与固定探头腔管连通的腔管。
4.根据权利要求1的器械，其特征在于：所述浮动探头长于所述固定探头。
5.根据权利要求1的器械，其特征在于：所述浮动探头短于所述的固定探头并在所述浮动探头的振动过程中延伸超过所述固定探头的远端。
6.根据权利要求1的器械，还包括：一个套环，该套环被固定到所述浮动探头的近端上，用于接收来自所述自由物体的冲击。
7.根据权利要求1的器械，还包括：一个发生器，其用于以所需的频率、脉冲周期和工作循环对所述致动器进行驱动，目的是改变由所述固定探头产生的超声频率和低频冲击振荡。
8.根据权利要求6的器械，还包括：一个外壳，该外壳用于容纳致动器并具有一个远端，该远端在相对所述固定探头和浮动探头的远端间隔一定的距离处包围着所述的固定探头和浮动探头。
9.根据权利要求8的器械，还包括：一个设置在所述套环和外壳远端之间的偏压元件。
10.根据权利要求1的器械，其特征在于：所述固定探头和浮动探头可从所述喇叭状部件上拆卸下来。
11.根据权利要求10的器械，还包括：多个固定探头和浮动探头。
12.根据权利要求10的器械，其特征在于：所述多个固定和浮动探头包括具有不同结构的切割末稍。
13.根据权利要求1的器械，还包括：一个发生器，其用于以所需的频率、脉冲周期和工作循环对所述致动器进行驱动，目的是根据多种固定探头中的选定的一种和多种浮动探头中选定的一种来改变由所述固定探头产生的超声频率和低频冲击振荡。
14.一种经皮的外科器械，其用于对结石进行破碎或对石头进行钻孔，该器械包括：
一个致动器，其用于以超声频率产生振动；
一个喇叭形部件，该部件与所述致动器相连接并用于对致动器的振动进行放大；
一个固定探头，该探头与所述喇叭形部件相连接，而且用来与结石或骨头相接合并将超声频率引向结石或骨头，所述固定探头具有一个用于将破碎的结石或骨头抽出的腔管；
一个浮动探头，该浮动探头与所述固定探头同心设置并套装在固定探头上，所述浮动探头可在所述固定探头上滑动；
一个自由物体，其设置在所述喇叭形部件和所述浮动探头之间，用于响应于致动器的振动而在其间振荡，这样就可以对结石产生低频冲击。
15.根据权利要求14的器械，其特征在于：所述喇叭形部件包括一个与固定探头腔管相连通的腔管。
16.根据权利要求14的器械，其特征在于：所述浮动探头长于所述固定探头。
17.根据权利要求14的器械，其特征在于：所述浮动探头短于所述的固定探头并在所述浮动探头的振动过程中延伸超过所述固定探头的远端。
18.根据权利要求14的器械，还包括：一个套环，该套环被固定到所述浮动探头近端处，用于接收来自所述自由物体的冲击。
19.根据权利要求14的器械，还包括：一个发生器，其用于以所需的频率、脉冲周期和工作循环对所述致动器进行驱动，目的是改变由所述固定探头产生的超声频率和低频冲击振荡。
20.根据权利要求19的器械，还包括：一个外壳，该外壳用于容纳致动器并具有一个远端，该远端在相对所述固定探头和浮动探头的远端间隔一定的距离处包围着所述的固定探头和浮动探头。
21.根据权利要求20的器械，还包括：一个设置在所述套环和外壳远端之间的偏压元件。
22.根据权利要求14的器械，其特征在于：所述固定探头和浮动探头可从所述喇叭状部件上拆卸下来。
23.根据权利要求22的器械，还包括：多个固定探头和浮动探头。
24.根据权利要求23的器械，还包括：一个发生器，其用于以所需的频率、脉冲周期和工作循环对所述致动器进行驱动，目的是根据多种固定探头中的选定的一种和多种浮动探头中的选定的一种来改变由所述固定探头产生的超声频率和低频冲击振荡。
25.一种用于经皮对结石进行破碎或对骨头进行钻孔的方法，该方法包括下述步骤：
将同心的探头经由皮肤插入到能够与结石或骨头相接合的位置上；
以低频对所述同心探头的外部探头进行驱动，以将结石或骨头打碎；
以高频对所述同心探头的内部探头进行驱动，以将已被打碎的结石或骨头进行破碎；
通过一个穿过内部探头延伸的腔管将破碎的结石或骨头抽出。
26.一种经皮的外科器械，其用于对结石进行破碎或对骨头进行钻孔，该器械包括：
一个致动器，其用于以超声频率产生振动；
一个喇叭形部件，该部件与所述致动器相连接用于对致动器的振动进行放大；
一个固定探头，该探头与所述喇叭形部件相连接，用来与结石相接合并将超声频率引向结石；
一个浮动探头，该浮动探头与所述固定探头同心设置并套装在固定探头上，所述浮动探头可在所述固定探头上滑动；
一个自由物体，其设置在所述喇叭形部件和所述浮动探头之间，用于响应于致动器的振动而在其间振荡，这样就可以对结石产生低频冲击。
27.根据权利要求1的变换器叠层，其特征在于：所述致动器设置有多个未被接入的绝缘体，用于减小喇叭形部件上的电容作用。
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ES2363013T3 (es) 2011-07-18
DE60336342D1 (de) 2011-04-21
EP1581125A2 (en) 2005-10-05
EP1581125A4 (en) 2009-08-05
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