CN1755506A - Method and device for manipulating color in a display - Google Patents
Method and device for manipulating color in a display Download PDFInfo
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- CN1755506A CN1755506A CN 200510105840 CN200510105840A CN1755506A CN 1755506 A CN1755506 A CN 1755506A CN 200510105840 CN200510105840 CN 200510105840 CN 200510105840 A CN200510105840 A CN 200510105840A CN 1755506 A CN1755506 A CN 1755506A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and an apparatus used to control colors in a display device. In an embodiment, the display device comprises an interfere type display element, the interfere type display element is formed as a spectral response which can generate white light. In the embodiment, the generated white light is characterized by standardized white dots.
Description
Technical field
Technical field of the present invention relates to MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) (MEMS).
Background technology
MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) (MEMS) comprises micromechanical component, driver and electronic component.Micromechanical component can adopt deposition, etching or other several portions that can etch away substrate and/or institute's deposited material layer maybe can add several layers and make with the micromachined technology that forms electricity and electromechanical assembly.One type MEMS device is called as interferometric modulator.Interferometric modulator can comprise the pair of conductive plate, one of them or the two all can be transparent whole or in part and/or be reflectivity, and can relative motion when applying a suitable electric signal.One of them plate can comprise a quiescent layer that is deposited on the substrate, and another plate can comprise a metal partion (metp) that separates by a clearance and this quiescent layer.Said apparatus is with a wide range of applications, and in this technology, utilizes and/or revises the characteristic of these types of devices so that its performance can be used for improving existing product and makes still undeveloped at present new product will be rather useful.
Summary of the invention
System of the present invention, method and device all have many aspects, and arbitrary single aspect all can not determine its desired characteristic separately.Now, its main characteristic is carried out brief discussion, this not delimit the scope of the invention.Checking this argumentation, especially reading title for after the part of " embodiment ", how people provides the advantage that is better than other display device if can understanding feature of the present invention.
One embodiment of the present of invention comprise a kind of display device.Described display device comprises that at least one is configured to optionally reflect the interferometric modulator of green light incident thereon.Described display device further comprises at least one light filter, and described at least one light filter is associated with described at least one interferometric modulator and is configured to and is being subjected to the white light when irradiation visible wavelength that is associated with dark red coloured light of transmission other visible wavelengths of filtering basically also optionally.
Another embodiment is a kind of method of making one display device, and described method comprises that forming at least one is configured to optionally reflect the interferometric modulator of green light incident thereon.Described method further comprises formation one light filter, and described light filter is positioned to make the light through described at least one interferometric modulator modulation to be filtered by described light filter with respect to described modulator.Described light filter is being subjected to the white light when irradiation visible wavelength that is associated with dark red coloured light of transmission other visible wavelengths of filtering basically also optionally.
Another embodiment is a kind of display device.Described display device comprises that at least one is configured to optionally modulate first display element of bluish-green coloured light.Described display device comprises that further at least one is configured to optionally modulate second display element of sodium yellow.In described at least one first display element and described at least one second display element each all comprises a reflective surface will and a part of reflective surface will.
Another embodiment is a kind of method of making one display device.Described method comprises that forming at least one is configured to optionally reflect first interferometric modulator of bluish-green coloured light incident thereon.Described method also comprises at least one second interferometric modulator of formation, and described at least one second interferometric modulator is near described at least one first interferometric modulator.Described at least one second modulator is configured to optionally reflect sodium yellow incident thereon.
Another embodiment is a kind of display device.Described display device comprises member that is used for light modulated and the member that is used to filter.Described modulation member uses interferes to come optionally reflects green.Described optical filtering member is being subjected to the white light when irradiation visible wavelength that is associated with dark red coloured light of transmission other visible wavelengths of filtering basically also optionally.
Another embodiment also is a kind of display device.Described display device comprises the member that is used to modulate the member of bluish-green coloured light and is used to modulate sodium yellow.Described blue-green optical modulation member and described sodium yellow modulation member include and are used for catoptrical first member and are used for partly catoptrical second member.
Another embodiment comprises a kind of method of light modulated.Described method comprises with interference mode modulation green light and uses a light filter of exporting dark red coloured light when being subjected to the white light irradiation to filter described green light, with the output white light.
Another embodiment also comprises a kind of method of light modulated.Described method comprises with interference mode modulates bluish-green coloured light and modulates sodium yellow with interference mode.Described bluish-green coloured light and sodium yellow are combined to produce white light.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is first-class axle figure, it shows the part of an embodiment of an interferometric modulator display, wherein one of one first interferometric modulator removable reflection horizon is in an off-position, and a removable reflection horizon of one second interferometric modulator is in an excited target position.
Fig. 2 is a system block diagram, and it shows that one comprises an embodiment of the electronic installation of one 3 * 3 interferometric modulator displays.
Fig. 3 is the removable mirror position of an exemplary embodiment of interferometric modulator shown in Figure 1 and the graph of a relation of the voltage that applies.
Fig. 4 is one group of synoptic diagram that can be used for driving the row and column voltage of interferometric modulator display.
Fig. 5 A is presented at an exemplary frame of display data in 3 * 3 interferometric modulator displays shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 5 B demonstration can be used for writing the capable signal of frame shown in Fig. 5 A and an exemplary sequential chart of column signal.
Fig. 6 A is the sectional view of a device shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 6 B is a sectional view of an alternate embodiment of an interferometric modulator.
Fig. 6 C is a sectional view of another alternate embodiment of an interferometric modulator.
Fig. 7 is the side cutaway view of an interferometric modulator, and it shows the light path by described modulator.
Fig. 8 is a curve map, and it shows a spectral response that comprises blue-green and yellow interferometric modulator with the embodiment that produces white light.
Fig. 9 is the side cutaway view of interferometric modulator, and this interferometric modulator has a material layer that is used for the light of optionally transmission one particular color.
Figure 10 is a curve map, and it shows a spectral response that comprises green interferometric modulator and " peony " filter layer with the embodiment of generation white light.
Figure 11 A and 11B are system block diagrams, and it shows that one comprises an embodiment of the visual display unit of a plurality of interferometric modulators.
Embodiment
Various embodiments of the present invention comprise the display that comprises the interfere type display element, and described interfere type display element forms and produces the white light with selected spectral quality.Embodiment comprises that interferometric modulator that a kind of use is configured to reflect blue-green and sodium yellow produces the display of white light.Another embodiment comprise a kind of use can make green light reflection pass one optionally the color filter of the dark red coloured light of transmission produce the interferometric modulator of white light.Embodiments of the invention also comprise the display of reflection by the white light of standardization white point sign.The white point of this display can be different from the white point of the light that shines this display.
Below describe in detail and relate to some embodiments of the invention.But, the present invention can implement by being permitted different ways.In this explanation, can be with reference to accompanying drawing, in the accompanying drawings, identical parts use identical number-mark from start to finish.Find out easily that according to following explanation the present invention can be used for display image-no matter be dynamic image (for example video) or still image (for example rest image) in arbitrary configuration, no matter be character image or picture-device in implement.More specifically, the present invention can implement in inferior numerous kinds of electronic installations or is associated with these electronic installations for example (but being not limited to): mobile phone, wireless device, personal digital assistant (PDA), handheld computer or portable computer, gps receiver/omniselector, camera, the MP3 player, video camera, game machine, wrist-watch, clock, counter, TV monitor, flat-panel monitor, computer monitor, automotive displays (for example mileometer display etc.), driving cabin control device and/or display, camera scenery display (for example rear view cameras display of vehicle), electronic photo, electronics billboard or label, projector, building structure, packing and aesthetic structures (for example image display on jewelry).The MEMS device that has similar structures with MESE device described herein also can be used for non-display application, for example is used for electronic switching device.
Show an interferometric modulator display embodiment who contains an interfere type MEMS display element among Fig. 1.In these devices, pixel is in bright state or dark state.Under bright (" opening (on) " or " opening (open) ") state, display element reflexes to the user with most of incident visible light.Be in dark (" closing (off) " or " closing (closed) ") state following time, display element reflects the incident visible light to the user hardly.Decide on different embodiment, can put upside down the light reflectance properties that " on " reaches " off " state.The MEMS pixel can be configured to mainly reflect under selected color, also can realize colored the demonstration except that black and white.
Fig. 1 is first-class axle figure, and it shows two adjacent pixels in a series of pixels of a visual displays, and wherein each pixel comprises a MEMS interferometric modulator.In certain embodiments, an interferometric modulator display comprises a row/column array that is made of these interferometric modulators.Each interferometric modulator comprises a pair of reflection horizon, and this is positioned to each other to have a variable-sized optical resonance cavity at a distance of a variable and controlled distance at least to form one to the reflection horizon.In one embodiment, one of them reflection horizon can be moved between the two positions.Be referred to herein as on the primary importance of release conditions, the local reflex layer that the position of this displaceable layers distance one is fixed is far away relatively.On the second place, the position of this displaceable layers is more closely near this local reflex layer.Decide position according to removable reflection horizon, from the incident light of this two layers reflection can with mutually long or mutually the mode of disappearing interfere, thereby form the mass reflex or the non-reflective state of each pixel.
The pixel array portion that shows in Fig. 1 comprises two adjacent interferometric modulator 12a and 12b.In the interferometric modulator 12a in left side, demonstration one movably high reflection layer 14a is in an off-position, and this off-position is apart from fixing local reflex layer 16a one preset distance.In the interferometric modulator 12b on right side, demonstration one movably high reflection layer 14b is in an excited target position, and this excited target position is near fixing local reflex layer 16b.
Fixed bed 16a, 16b conduct electricity, the part is transparent and local is reflectivity, and can the layer of one or more respectively do for oneself chromium and tin indium oxides be made by for example depositing on a transparent substrates 20.Described each layer is patterned into parallel band, and can form the column electrode in the display device, as further specifying hereinafter.Displaceable layers 14a, 14b can form that (and column electrode 16a, 16b quadrature and are deposited on the series of parallel band that the middle expendable material between the pillar 18 constitutes by one or more depositing metal layers that is deposited on pillar 18 tops.After expendable material was etched, these deformable metal levels separated with the air gap 19 of the metal level of fixing by a regulation.These deformable layer can use one to have high conductivity and reflexive material (for example aluminium), and those bands can form the row electrode in the display device.
When not applying voltage, cavity 19 remains between a layer 14a, the 16a, and deformable layer is in the mechanical relaxed state shown in pixel 12a among Fig. 1.Yet after a selected row and column applies potential difference (PD), the capacitor that forms at the respective pixel place of described row and column electrode intersection is recharged, and electrostatic force pulls to these electrodes together.If voltage is enough high, then displaceable layers generation deformation, and be forced on the fixed bed (can on fixed bed, deposit a dielectric material (not shown in this Figure), preventing short circuit, and the control separation distance), shown in the pixel 12b on right side among Fig. 1.Regardless of the potential difference (PD) polarity that is applied, the behavior is all identical.This shows, may command reflection and row/row of non-reflective pixel state encourage to traditional LCD and other display techniques in used row/row encourage similar in many aspects.
Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 B shows the example process and the system that use an interferometric modulator array in a display application.Fig. 2 is a system block diagram, and this figure shows that one can embody an embodiment of the electronic installation of each side of the present invention.In this exemplary embodiment, described electronic installation comprises a processor 21-, and it can be any general purpose single-chip or multicore sheet microprocessor, for example ARM, Pentium
, Pentium II
, PentiumIII
, Pentium IV
, Pentium
Pro, 8051, MIPS
, Power PC
, ALPHA
, or any special microprocessor, for example digital signal processor, microcontroller or programmable gate array.According to convention in the industry, processor 21 can be configured to carry out one or more software modules.Except that carrying out an operating system, also this processor can be configured to carry out one or more software applications, comprise web browser, telephony application, e-mail program or any other software application.
In one embodiment, processor 21 also is configured to communicate with an array controller 22.In one embodiment, array control unit 22 comprises horizontal drive circuit 24 and the column drive circuit 26 that signal is provided to a pel array 30.Array sectional view shown in Fig. 1 illustrates with line 1-1 in Fig. 2.For the MEMS interferometric modulator, OK/the row excitation protocol can utilize the hysteresis property of these devices shown in Figure 3.It may need the potential difference (PD) of (for example) 10 volts to make a displaceable layers be deformed into actuated state from release conditions.Yet, when described voltage when this value reduces, reduce when being back to below 10 volts at described voltage, described displaceable layers will keep its state.In the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 3, before voltage drop was low to moderate below 2 volts, displaceable layers can not discharge fully.Therefore, in example shown in Figure 3, exist one to be approximately the voltage range that 3-7 lies prostrate, exist one to apply voltage window in this voltage range, described device is stabilized in and discharges or actuated state in this window.Be referred to as " lag windwo " or " stability window " in this article.For an array of display with hysteresis characteristic shown in Figure 3, OK/the row excitation protocol can be designed so that to be expert at during the gating, the pixel that is energized is applied about 10 a volts voltage difference to selected in current, and to d/d pixel being applied one near 0 volt voltage difference.After gating, it is poor to apply about 5 a volts steady state voltage to pixel, and gating makes its residing state so that its maintenance is expert at.After writing, in this example, each pixel is all born one and is in " stability window " interior potential difference (PD) that 3-7 lies prostrate.This characteristic makes pixel design shown in Figure 1 be stabilized in an existing actuated state or release conditions under the voltage conditions in identical applying.Because each pixel of interferometric modulator, no matter be in actuated state or release conditions, basically all be one by fixed reflector and capacitor that mobile reflection horizon constituted, so this steady state (SS) can be kept under the voltage in the lag windwo and consumed power hardly.If the current potential that is applied is fixed, then there is not electric current to flow into pixel basically.
In the typical case uses, can be by determining that according to one group of desired actuated pixels in first row one group of row electrode forms a display frame.After this, horizontal pulse is put on the electrode of the 1st row, thereby encourage the pixel corresponding with determined alignment.After this, determined one group of row electrode is become corresponding with desired one group of actuated pixels in second row.After this, with pulse put on the 2nd the row electrode, thereby according to determined row electrode encourage the 2nd the row in respective pixel.The pixel of the 1st row is not subjected to the influence of the pulse of the 2nd row, thereby the state that keeps it to set at the impulse duration of the 1st row.The property mode repeats above-mentioned steps to the row of whole series in order, to form described frame.Usually, repeating this process continuously by the speed with a certain desired frame number/second to refresh and/or upgrade these frames with new video data.Also have a variety of row and the row electrodes that are used to drive pel array also to be known, and can use with the present invention by people with the agreement that forms display frame.
Fig. 4,5A and Fig. 5 B show a kind of possible excitation protocol that is used for forming a display frame on 3 * 3 arrays shown in Figure 2.Fig. 4 shows one group of possible row and column voltage level of can be used for having the pixel of hysteresis curve shown in Figure 3.In the embodiment of Fig. 4, encourage a pixel to comprise and be set to-V being listed as accordingly
Bias, and will go accordingly and be set to+Δ V, it can correspond respectively to-5 volts and+5 volts.Discharging pixel then is to be set to+V by being listed as accordingly
BiasAnd will go accordingly and be set to identical+Δ V, form one 0 volts potential difference (PD) at described pixel two ends thus and realize.In the row of 0 volt of those wherein capable voltages maintenance, pixel is stable at its initial residing state, and is in+V with these row
BiasStill-V
BiasIrrelevant.Fig. 5 B is the sequential chart of a series of row of demonstration and column signal, and these signals put on 3 * 3 arrays shown in Figure 2, and it will form the demonstration shown in Fig. 5 A and arrange that wherein actuated pixels is non-reflectivity.Before writing the frame shown in Fig. 5 A, pixel can be in any state, and in this example, all row all are in 0 volt, and all row all be in+5 volts.Under these institute's voltages that apply, all pixels are stable at its existing actuated state or release conditions.
In the frame shown in Fig. 5 A, pixel (1,1), (1,2), (2,2), (3,2) and (3,3) are encouraged.For realizing this effect, during one " the line time " of the 1st row, the 1st row and the 2nd row are set at-5 volts, the 3rd row are set at+5 volts.This can not change the state of any pixel, because all pixels all remain in the stability window of 3-7 volt.After this, rise to 5 volts of pulses that are back to 0 volt that descend again then by one from 0 volt and come gating the 1st row.Actuate pixel (1,1) and (1,2) and discharge pixel (1,3) thus.Other pixel in the array is all unaffected.For the 2nd row is set at desired state, the 2nd row are set at-5 volts, the 1st row and the 3rd row are set to+5 volts.After this, apply identical strobe pulse with actuate pixel (2,2) and discharge pixel (2,1) and (2,3) to the 2nd row.Equally, other pixel in the array is all unaffected.Similarly, by the 2nd row and the 3rd row are set at-5 volts, and be listed as the 1st be set at+5 volts to the 3rd capable the setting.The strobe pulse of the 3rd row is set at the state shown in Fig. 5 A with the 3rd row pixel.After writing incoming frame, the row current potential is 0, and the row current potential can remain on+5 or-5 volts, and after this demonstration will be stable at the layout shown in Fig. 5 A.Should be appreciated that, can use identical programs the array that constitutes by tens of or hundreds of row and columns.The sequential, order and the level that should also be clear that the voltage that is used to implement the row and column excitation can alter a great deal in above-described General Principle, and above-mentioned example only is exemplary, and any actuation voltage method all can be used with the present invention.
Detailed structure according to the interferometric modulator of above-mentioned principle operation can be ever-changing.For example, Fig. 6 A-6C shows three kinds of different embodiment of moving lens structure.Fig. 6 A is a sectional view embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, wherein deposition one strip of metal material 14 on the support member 18 that quadrature extends.In Fig. 6 B, removable reflecting material 14 only is on the tethers 32 at corner and is connected to support member.In Fig. 6 C, movably reflecting material 14 is suspended on the deformable layer 34.Because the structural design and the material therefor of reflecting material 14 can be optimized aspect optical characteristics, and the structural design of deformable layer 34 and material therefor can be optimized aspect the desired mechanical property, so this embodiment has some advantages.In addition, on fixed bed, form a dielectric materials layer 104.In many open files, comprise that for example No. 2004/0051929 U.S. discloses in the application case, the production of various dissimilar interference devices has been described.Can use the known technology of a variety of people to make said structure, comprise a series of material depositions, patterning and etching step.Described with reference to Fig. 1 as mentioned, modulator 12 (promptly two modulator 12a and 12b) comprises an optical cavities that is formed between mirror 14 (being mirror 14a and 14b) and 16 (being respectively mirror 16a and 16b).The resonance wavelength of the characteristic distance of optical cavities or effective path length d decision optical cavities thereby the resonance wavelength of decision interferometric modulator 12.The peak value resonance visible wavelength λ of interferometric modulator 12 is generally corresponding to the light by the color of feeling of interferometric modulator 12 reflection.With mathematical way, optical path length d equals N λ, and wherein N is an integer.Thereby it is λ (N=1) that a given resonance wavelength is subjected to optical path length d, λ (N=2), the reflection of the interferometric modulator 12 of 3/2 λ (N=3) etc.Integer N can be called catoptrical order of interference.The level of described herein modulator 12 is also referred to as the level N of the light that is reflected by modulator 12 when mirror 14 is at least one position.For example, the optical path length d of an one-level ruddiness interferometric modulator 12 is about 325nm, and this is corresponding to the wavelength X that is about 650nm.Therefore, the optical path length d of a secondary ruddiness interferometric modulator 12 is about 650nm.Generally speaking, the high more modulator of level 12 can be in a narrow more wavelength coverage reflects light-for example have high more " Q " value, thereby the saturated more coloured light of generation.The saturated meeting that comprises the modulator 12 of colour element influence the character of display, for example influences the colour gamut and the white point of display.For example, has a different central peak optical wavelength for making one to use the display of secondary modulator 12 to have to have identical white point or colour balance, secondary modulator 12 can being chosen as with a display that comprises the one-level modulator of the light that can reflect identical cardinal principle color.
It should be noted that optical path length d equals the distance between mirror 14 and 16 substantially in some embodiment for example shown in Figure 1.When the space between mirror 14 and 16 only comprised a refractive index and is about 1 gas (for example air), effective path length equaled the distance between mirror 14 and 16 substantially.Other embodiment (for example embodiment shown in Fig. 6 C) comprise dielectric materials layer 104.The refractive index of these dielectric materials is usually greater than 1.In these embodiments, by not only select the distance between mirror 14 and 16 but also select dielectric layer 104 or mirror 14 and 16 between the thickness and the refractive index of any other layer, optical cavities is formed has required optical path length d.For example, shown in Fig. 6 c wherein except that air gap, optical cavities also comprises among the embodiment of dielectric layer 104, optical path length d equals d
1n
1+ d
2n
2, d wherein
1Be the thickness of layer 1, n
1Be the refractive index of layer 1, similarly, d
2Be the thickness of layer 2, n
2Refractive index for layer 2.
Generally speaking, when different angles is watched an interferometric modulator 12, by the meeting of the light of modulator 12 reflection gamut appears.Fig. 7 is the side cutaway view of an interferometric modulator 12, and the light path of modulator 12 is passed in its demonstration.For with respect to the different incident of axis AA as shown in Figure 7 (and reflection) angle, the color of the light of self-interference formula modulator 12 reflections may change to some extent.For example, for interferometric modulator shown in Figure 7 12, when light along from the axle path A
1During propagation, light is incident on the interferometric modulator with one first angle, after self-interference formula modulator reflects, is transmitted to the observer.As the result of the optical interference between a pair of mirror in interferometric modulator 12, when light arrived the observer, the observer can feel one first color.When the observer moves or change his/her position thereby change viewing angle, the light that receives by the observer along one corresponding to the difference at one second different incidents (reflection) angle from the axle path A
2Propagate.Optical interference in the interferometric modulator 12 depends on the optical path length d of the light of propagating in interferometric modulator.Therefore, different light path A
1And A
2The difference output that can produce interferometric modulator 12 of different optical path lengths.Along with the increase of viewing angle, effective light path of interferometric modulator reduces according to relational expression 2d cos β=N λ, and wherein β is viewing angle (normal of display and the angle between the incident light).Along with the increase of viewing angle, catoptrical peak value resonance wavelength reduces.Therefore, according to the difference of user's viewing angle, he or she can feel different color.As indicated above, this phenomenon is called " gamut ".This gamut is that benchmark identifies with the color that interferometric modulator 12 along axis AA observation interferometric modulator 12 time is produced normally.
Another consideration factor when design comprises interferometric modulator 12 is the generation of white light." white " light normally instigates human eye perceives to the light that does not comprise any particular color, and promptly white light is not associated with form and aspect.When black is meant there is not color (or light),, white comprises so wide imperceptible any specific color of spectral range to such an extent as to being meant light.White light can refer to have light broad, that be in the visible spectrum of approximate uniform strength.Yet, because human eye is to some redness, green and blue wavelength sensitivity, thereby can have one or morely with generation by the color mixture light intensity by the light of human eye perceives for the spectrum peak of " white ", form white.Yet, the colour gamut of display be described device can be for example by mixing the scope of the color that redness, green and blue light reproduce.
White point is the neutral substantially form and aspect (grey or colourless) that are regarded as of display.Can compare the white point that characterizes described device according to spectral content (" blackbody radiation ") with white light that display device produced and the light that under a specified temp, sends by black matrix.The standard black matrix is a kind of Utopian object, and its absorption is incident in the New Development bright dipping of laying equal stress on of all light on this object, and the spectrum of the light that sends again depends on the temperature of black matrix.For example, the black matrix spectrum under 6,500 ° of K can be called the white light that colour temperature is 6,500 ° of K.This colour temperature or be about the general and daylight of the white point of 5,000 ° of-10,000 ° of K and be equal to.
International Commission on Illumination (CIE) has issued the standardization white point of light source.For example, light source mark " d " is meant daylight.Particularly, the white point D of standard
55, D
65And D
75The colour temperature of-itself and 5,500 ° of K, 6,500 ° of K and 7,500 ° of K be correlated with-is the daylight white point of standard.
Display device can be characterized by the white point of the white light that display produced.As the light from other light sources, human eye depends on the sensation from the white light of display at least in part to the sensation of display.For example, have low white point (for example D55) but display or light source observed person be felt as and have yellow tone.And the display with higher temperature white point (for example D75) can be felt as by the user and have tone " colder " or more blue.The user is general preferably to make reaction to the display with higher temperature white point.Therefore, the white point of control display is preferably in a way controlled observation person to the reaction of display.The embodiment of interferometric modulator array 30 can be configured to produce white light, wherein white point is chosen to consistent with the standardization white point under one or more desired lighting conditions.
Can produce white light by pel array 30 by making each pixel comprise one or more interferometric modulators 12.For example, in one embodiment, pel array 30 comprises the pixel that the group by red, green and blue interferometric modulators 12 constitutes.As indicated above, can select the light path length d to select the color of interferometric modulator 12 by using relational expression d= N λ.In addition, the balance of the color that each pixel produced or relative scale can further be subjected to the influence of the relative reflective surface area of each interferometric modulator 12 (for example red, green and blue interferometric modulators 12) in the pel array 30.In addition, because modulator 12 optionally reflects incident light, thereby generally depend on the spectral characteristic of incident light from the white point of the light of pel array 30 reflections that constitute by interferometric modulator 12.In one embodiment, catoptrical white point can be configured to be different from the white point of incident light.For example, in one embodiment, reflection D75 light when pel array 30 can be configured to use in D65 daylight.
In one embodiment, be chosen to make white light that pel array 30 produced corresponding to the certain criteria white point of (for example under the daylight, under fluorescent light or) under the expection lighting condition apart from d and area the interferometric modulator 12 in the pel array 30 from a headlight that is positioned to illuminate pel array 30.For example, the white point of pel array 30 can be chosen under specific lighting condition, be D
55, D
65Or D
75The light that can be different from addition, light source expection or that be configured by the white point of the light of pel array 30 reflection.For example, the light of reflection D75 in the time of a specific pel array 30 can being configured to watch under D65 light.More generally, can be according to the light source (for example headlight) of display configuration or select the white point of display according to the specific condition of watching.For example, display can be configured to when under light sources expection or common such as incandescent lamp, fluorescent light or natural source for example, watching, to have selected white point, for example D55, D65 or D75.More specifically, the display that is used for handheld apparatus can be configured to when under sunshine condition, watching, to have selected white point.Perhaps, the display that is used for office environment can be configured to when by the fluorescent lighting of common office, to have selected white point, for example D75.
Table 1 shows the optical path length of an embodiment.Particularly, table 1 is presented at and uses the modulator 12 with basic equal reflective surface area to produce D
65And D
75In two exemplary embodiment of the pel array 30 of white light, the air gap of redness, green and blue interferometric modulators.Table 1 supposition one dielectric layer comprises the Al of two layer: 100nm
2O
3And the SiO of 400nm
2Table 1 supposes that also the reflective surface area of each redness, green and blue interferometric modulators 12 is basic identical.The those skilled in the art will know, by changing the thickness or the refractive index of dielectric layer, can obtain the air gap distance of a series of equivalences.
Table 1
Modulator color D65 white D75 white (more blue)
Red 200 (nm) 95 (nm)
Green 125 (nm) 110 (nm)
Blue 310 (nm) 315 (nm)
Should know, in other embodiments, can select the different of modulator 12, to produce other standardization white point setting values in the environment in different watching apart from d and area.In addition, also red, green and blue modulator 12 can be controlled to and be in reflective condition or the different time quantum of non-reflective state,, change catoptrical white point thus so that further change the relative equilibrium of the redness, green and the blue light that are reflected.In one embodiment, can select, watch white point in the environment so that be controlled at difference to the ratio of the reflective surface area of each colour modulator 12.In one embodiment, (for example optical path length d can be chosen to equal more than a visible light resonance wavelength, red, green and blue one-level, secondary or three grades of peak values) common multiple is so that interferometric modulator 12 reflections are by three white lights that the visible light peak value is characterized in its spectral response.In this embodiment, optical path length d is chosen to make the white light that is produced corresponding to a standardization white point.
The group of the redness in pel array 30, green and blue interferometric modulators 12, other embodiment comprise that also other produce the mode of white light.For example, an embodiment of pel array 30 comprises blue-green and yellow interferometric modulator 12, promptly has corresponding spacing distance d to produce the interferometric modulator 12 of blue-green and sodium yellow.The combination spectrum response of blue-green and yellow interferometric modulator 12 can produce the light that is felt as " white " with wide spectral response.The position of blue-green modulator and yellow modulator is mutually near so that the observer feels this array response.For example, in one embodiment, blue-green modulator and yellow modulator are arranged in the adjacent lines in the pel array 30.In another embodiment, blue-green modulator and yellow modulator are arranged in the adjacent column of pel array 30.
Fig. 8 is a curve map, and it shows a spectral response that comprises blue-green and yellow interferometric modulator 12 with the embodiment that produces white light.Transverse axis is represented catoptrical wavelength.The Z-axis representative is incident in the relative reflectance of the light on the modulator 12.Track 80 shows the response of blue-green modulators, and it is one partly to be the single peak value at center with the blue-green between (for example) blueness and the green in the spectrum.Track 82 shows the response of yellow modulator, and it is one to be the single peak value at center with the yl moiety between (for example) redness and the green in the spectrum.Track 84 shows the combination spectrum response of a pair of blue-green and yellow modulator 12.Track 84 has two peak values in blue-green and yellow wavelengths place, but enough even in whole visible spectrum, so that the light perception of reflecting from these modulators 12 is a white light.
In one embodiment, pel array 30 comprises yellow interferometric modulator of one-level and secondary blue-green interferometric modulator.When becoming big off-axis angle gradually and watch this pel array 30, by the blue end skew towards spectrum of the light of the yellow modulator reflection of one-level, for example the effective d at the modulator at a certain angle place equals the glaucous effective d of one-level.Simultaneously, the light shift by the reflection of secondary blue-green modulator becomes corresponding to the light from the yellow modulator of one-level.Thereby, total combination spectrum response broad, and even it is also even relatively in whole visible spectrum when the relative peak of spectrum is offset.Thereby this pel array 30 can produce white light in a relatively large viewing angle scope.
In one embodiment, configurable one display with blue-green and yellow modulator is created in one or more and watches the light that has selected standardization white point under the condition.For example, the spectral response of blue-green modulator and yellow modulator may be selected to and makes under the selected lighting condition that comprises D55, D65 or D75 light (for example being daylight for being suitable for the outdoor display that uses), and reflected light has white point D55, D65, D75 or arbitrary other suitable white points.In one embodiment, modulator can be configured to reflect the light with the white point that is different from incident light under the condition in an expection or selected watching.
Fig. 9 is the side cutaway view of interferometric modulator 12, and described interferometric modulator 12 has a material layer 102 that is used for the light of optionally transmission one particular color.In an exemplary embodiment, layer 102 be positioned at substrate 20 with modulator 12 opposed sides on.In one embodiment, material layer 102 comprises a peony light filter, watches green interferometric modulator 12 by this peony light filter.In one embodiment, material layer 102 is a dyed material.In one embodiment, this material is dyed photoresist material.In one embodiment, green interferometric modulator 12 is the green interferometric modulator of one-level.Filter layer 102 is configured to the dark red coloured light of transmission when being subjected to cardinal principle white light irradiation uniformly.In this exemplary embodiment, light is incident on the layer 20, and the light after the filtration is transmitted through modulator 12 since then.The light of modulator 12 after with described filtration passes layer 102 reflected back again.In this embodiment, light passes layer 102 twice.In this embodiment, can select the thickness of material layer 102 to compensate and utilize this double filtration.In another embodiment, can between layer 102 and modulator 12, place one before modulated structure.In this embodiment, material layer 102 only acts on the light that is subjected to modulator 12 reflections.In this embodiment, correspondingly layer 102 is selected.
Figure 10 is a curve map, and it shows a spectral response that comprises the embodiment of green interferometric modulator 12 and " peony " filter layer 102.Transverse axis is represented catoptrical wavelength.Z-axis is represented the relative spectral response that is incident in the light on green modulator 12 and the filter layer 102 in the limit of visible spectrum.Track 110 shows the response of green modulator 12, and it is that a near green portion with spectrum (for example being positioned at the visible spectrum center) is the single peak value at center.Track 112 shows the response of the peony light filter that is formed by material layer 102.Track 112 has the part of two relatively flats in the both sides of central u shape smallest point.Thereby track 112 is represented the response of a peony light filter, and this peony light filter is the transmission light of green portion in all redness and blue light, the spectrum of filtering simultaneously basically optionally.Track 114 shows the right combination spectrum response of being made up of green modulator 12 and filter layer 102.Track 114 shows, because the filtration of 102 pairs of light of filter layer, the spectral response of this combination is in a reflectance grade that is lower than green modulator 12.Yet this spectral response is even relatively in whole visible spectrum, thereby makes the reflected light that has filtered from green modulator 12 and peony filter layer 102 be perceived as white.
In one embodiment, configurable one display with green modulator 12 and peony filter layer 102 is created in one or more and watches the white light that has selected standardization white point under the condition.For example, the spectral response of green modulator 12 and peony filter layer 102 may be selected to and makes under the selected lighting condition that comprises D55, D65 or D75 light (for example being daylight for being suitable for the outdoor display that uses), and reflected light has white point D55, D65, D75 or arbitrary other suitable white points.In one embodiment, modulator 12 and filter layer 102 can be configured to reflect the light with the white point that is different from incident light under the condition in an expection or selected watching.
Figure 11 A and 11B are the system block diagrams of an embodiment of demonstration one display device 2040.Display device 2040 for example can be cellular phone or mobile phone.Yet the same components of display device 2040 and the form of doing slightly to change thereof also can be used as for example illustration of all kinds such as TV and portable electronic device display device.
The display 2030 of exemplary display device 2040 can be any in the numerous kinds of displays, comprises bi-stable display as herein described.In other embodiments, display 2030 comprises flat-panel monitors such as plasma scope for example mentioned above, EL, OLED, STN LCD or TFT LCD or non-tablet display such as CRT or other tubular devices for example, and these displays are known by the those skilled in the art.Yet for ease of the explanation present embodiment, display 2030 comprises interferometric modulator display as described herein.
The assembly that in Figure 11 B, schematically shows an embodiment of exemplary display device 2040.Example illustrated display device 2040 comprises a shell 2041, and can comprise that other are closed in assembly wherein at least in part.For example, in one embodiment, exemplary display device 2040 comprises a network interface 2027, and this network interface 2027 comprises that one is coupled to the antenna 2043 of a transceiver 2047.Transceiver 2047 is connected to processor 2021, and processor 2021 is connected to again regulates hardware 2052.Regulating hardware 2052 can be configured to a signal is regulated (for example a signal being carried out filtering).Regulate hardware 2052 and be connected to a loudspeaker 2045 and a microphone 2046.Processor 2021 also is connected to an input media 2048 and a driving governor 2029.Driving governor 2029 is coupled to one frame buffer 2028 and is coupled to array driver 2022, and array driver 2022 is coupled to an array of display 2030 again.One power supply 2050 is all component power supply according to the designing requirement of particular exemplary display device 2040.
In an alternate embodiment, can replace transceiver 2047 by a receiver.In another alternate embodiment, can replace network interface 2027 by an image source, this image source can store or produce and send out the view data of delivering to processor 2021.For example, this image source can be one and contains the software module that the digital video disk (DVD) of view data or hard disk drive or produce view data.
The overall operation of processor 2021 common control examples display device 2040.Processor 2021 automatic network interfaces 2027 or an image source receive data (for example Ya Suo view data), and this data processing is become raw image data or is processed into a kind of form that is easy to be processed into raw image data.Then, the data after processor 2021 will be handled are sent to driving governor 2029 or are sent to frame buffer 2028 and store.Raw data typically refers to the information that can discern the picture characteristics of each position in the image.For example, described picture characteristics can comprise color, saturation degree and gray level.
In one embodiment, processor 2021 comprises a microcontroller, CPU or is used for the logical block of the operation of control examples display device 2040.Regulating hardware 2052 generally includes and is used for sending signals and from the amplifier and the wave filter of microphone 2046 received signals to loudspeaker 2045.Adjusting hardware 2052 can be the discrete component in the exemplary display device 2040, perhaps can incorporate in processor 2021 or other assemblies.
Driving governor 2029 direct self processors 2021 or receive the raw image data that produces by processor 2021 from frame buffer 2028, and suitably with the raw image data reformatting so as high-speed transfer to array driver 2022.Particularly, driving governor 2029 is reformated into a data stream with raster-like format with raw image data, so that it has a chronological order that is suitable for scanning array of display 2030.Then, the information after driving governor 2029 will format is sent to array driver 2022.Although driving governor 2029 (for example lcd controller) normally as one independently integrated circuit (IC) be associated with system processor 2021, yet these controllers also can make up by many kinds of modes.It can be used as hardware and is embedded in the processor 2021, is embedded in the processor 2021 or together fully-integrated with example, in hardware and array driver 2022 as software.
Usually, the self-driven controllers 2029 of array driver 2022 receive the information after the format and video data are reformated into one group of parallel waveform, and the parallel waveform per second of this group many times is applied to from hundreds of of the x-y pel array of display, thousands of lead-in wires sometimes.
In one embodiment, driving governor 2029, array driver 2022, and array of display 2030 be applicable to the display of arbitrary type as herein described.For example, in one embodiment, driving governor 2029 is a traditional display controller or bistable display controllers (a for example interferometric modulator controller).In another embodiment, array driver 2022 is a legacy drive or a bistable display driver (a for example interferometric modulator display).In one embodiment, a driving governor 2029 integrates with array driver 2022.This embodiment is very common in the integrated system of for example cellular phone, wrist-watch and other small-area display equal altitudes.In another embodiment, array of display 2030 is a typical array of display or a bistable array of display (a for example display that comprises an interferometric modulator array).
In certain embodiments, programmability is as indicated above is present in the driving governor in control, and this driving governor can be arranged on several positions of electronic display system.In some cases, the control programmability is present in the array driver 2022.The those skilled in the art will know, can reach the above-mentioned optimization of enforcement in different configurations in number of hardware and/or the component software arbitrarily.
Although above describe in detail is to show, illustrate and point out the novel feature that is applicable to various embodiment of the present invention, yet should be appreciated that, the those skilled in the art can be to the various omissions of making of shown device or technology, alternative and change on form and details, and this does not deviate from spirit of the present invention.Should know,, thereby can not provide in the form of all features as herein described and advantage one and implement the present invention because some feature can use with other features or try out mutually independently.Category of the present invention be by enclose claims but not by above the explanation indicate.All still belong to the meaning of equal value of claims and the modification in the scope all will be encompassed in the category of claims.
Claims (53)
1, a kind of display device, it comprises:
At least one interferometric modulator, it is configured to optionally reflect green light incident thereon; And
At least one light filter, it is associated with described at least one interferometric modulator, and is configured to be subjected to the white light when irradiation visible wavelength that is associated with dark red coloured light of transmission other visible wavelengths of filtering basically also optionally.
2, display device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said light filter comprises an absorption filter.
3, display device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said light filter are configured to filter the light that is incident on described at least one interferometric modulator and filter the light that is reflected by described interferometric modulator.
4, display device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said at least one interferometric modulator comprises a reflective surface will and a part of reflective surface will that defines an optical cavities, and described optical cavities has half a optical path length that is substantially equal to a wavelength that is associated with green light.
5, display device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said at least one interferometric modulator and described light filter produce the white light with a standardization white point.
6, display device as claimed in claim 5, wherein said white point are one of D55, D65 or D75.
7, display device as claimed in claim 1, it further comprises:
One with the processor of described at least one interferometric modulator electric connection, described processor is configured to image data processing; And
One with the memory storage of described processor electric connection.
8, display device as claimed in claim 7, it further comprises:
One drive circuit, it is configured to send at least one signal to described at least one interferometric modulator.
9, display device as claimed in claim 8, it further comprises:
One controller, it is configured to send to described driving circuit at least a portion of described view data.
10, display device as claimed in claim 7, it further comprises:
One image source module, it is configured to send described view data to described processor.
11, display device as claimed in claim 10, wherein said image source module comprise a receiver, transceiver, reach at least one in the transmitter.
12, display device as claimed in claim 7, it further comprises:
One input media, it is configured to receive the input data and transmits described input data to described processor.
13, a kind of method of making one display device, it comprises:
Form the interferometric modulator that at least one is configured to optionally reflect green light incident thereon; And
Form a light filter, described light filter is positioned to make the light through described at least one interferometric modulator modulation to filter through described light filter with respect to described modulator, the wherein said light filter visible wavelength that is associated with dark red coloured light of transmission other visible wavelengths of filtering basically also optionally when being subjected to the white light irradiation.
14, method as claimed in claim 13, wherein said light filter comprises an absorption filter.
15, method as claimed in claim 13 wherein forms described modulator and forms the white light that described light filter comprises that described modulator of formation and described light filter are characterized by a standardization white point with generation.
16, method as claimed in claim 15, wherein said standardization white point is one of D55, D65 or D75.
17, method as claimed in claim 13 wherein forms described light filter and comprises that forming described material layer is incident in the light on described at least one interferometric modulator and filters the light that is reflected by described interferometric modulator with filtration.
18, method as claimed in claim 13, wherein form described at least one interferometric modulator and comprise and form a reflective surface will and a part of reflective surface will define an optical cavities, described optical cavities has half a optical path length that is substantially equal to a wavelength that is associated with green light.
19, a kind of display device by making as the described method of arbitrary claim in the claim 13 to 18.
20, a kind of display device, it comprises:
At least one first display element, it is configured to optionally modulate bluish-green coloured light; And
At least one second display element, it is configured to optionally modulate sodium yellow,
Each element in wherein said at least one first display element and described at least one second display element all comprises a reflective surface will and a part of reflective surface will.
21, display device as claimed in claim 20, wherein said at least one first display element and described at least one second display element produce the white light with a standardization white point.
22, display device as claimed in claim 21, wherein said standardization white point is one of D55, D65 or D75.
23, display device as claimed in claim 20, each element in the wherein said display element characterizes by the optical path length d between described first and second reflective surface will, and the described optical path length of wherein said at least one first display element is substantially equal to a wavelength that is associated with bluish-green coloured light.
24, display device as claimed in claim 23, the described optical path length of wherein said at least one second display element is substantially equal to half of a wavelength that is associated with sodium yellow.
25, display device as claimed in claim 20, wherein said at least one second display element is near described at least one first display element location.
26, display device as claimed in claim 20, it further comprises:
One with described at least one first display element and described at least one second display element in the processor of at least one element electric connection, described processor is configured to image data processing; And
One with the memory storage of described processor electric connection.
27, display device as claimed in claim 26, it further comprises:
One drive circuit, its at least one element that is configured in described at least one first display element and described at least one second display element sends at least one signal.
28, display device as claimed in claim 27, it further comprises:
One controller, it is configured to send to described driving circuit at least a portion of described view data.
29, display device as claimed in claim 26, it further comprises:
One image source module, it is configured to send described view data to described processor.
30, display device as claimed in claim 29, wherein said image source module comprise a receiver, transceiver, reach at least one in the transmitter.
31, display device as claimed in claim 26, it further comprises:
One input media, it is configured to receive the input data and transmits described input data to described processor.
32, a kind of method of making one display device, it comprises:
Form at least one first interferometric modulator, described at least one first interferometric modulator is configured to optionally reflect bluish-green coloured light incident thereon; And
Form at least one second interferometric modulator, described at least one second interferometric modulator is near described at least one first interferometric modulator, and wherein said at least one second modulator is configured to optionally reflect sodium yellow incident thereon.
33, method as claimed in claim 32 wherein forms described modulator and comprises that the described modulator of formation is to produce the white light that is characterized by a standardization white point.
34, method as claimed in claim 33, wherein said standardization white point is one of D55, D65 or D75.
35, method as claimed in claim 32, each modulator in the wherein said modulator characterizes by an optical path length d, and wherein said at least one first modulator forms and has the described distance that is substantially equal to a wavelength that is associated with bluish-green coloured light.
36, method as claimed in claim 35, wherein said at least one second modulator form has half the described distance that is substantially equal to a wavelength that is associated with sodium yellow.
37, a kind of display device by making as the described method of arbitrary claim in the claim 32 to 36.
38, a kind of display device, it comprises:
The member that is used for light modulated, the utilization of described modulation member interferes to come optionally reflects green; And
The member that is used to filter, described optical filtering member is being subjected to the white light when irradiation visible wavelength that is associated with dark red coloured light of transmission other visible wavelengths of filtering basically also optionally.
39, display device as claimed in claim 38, wherein said modulation member comprises that at least one is configured to optionally reflect the interferometric modulator of green light incident thereon.
40, display device as claimed in claim 39, wherein said optical filtering member comprises at least one light filter, described at least one light filter is associated with described at least one interferometric modulator, and is configured to be subjected to the white light when irradiation visible wavelength that is associated with dark red coloured light of transmission other visible wavelengths of filtering basically also optionally.
41, display device as claimed in claim 38, wherein said optical filtering member comprise and are used for being subjected to the white light when irradiation visible wavelength that is associated with dark red coloured light of transmission member of other visible wavelengths of filtering basically also optionally.
42, display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein said selective transmission member comprises an absorption filter.
43, display device as claimed in claim 38, wherein said modulation member and the output of described optical filtering member have the white light of a standardization white point.
44, display device as claimed in claim 38, wherein said modulation member comprises a MEMS (micro electro mechanical system).
45, a kind of display device, it comprises:
Be used for optionally modulating the member of bluish-green coloured light; And
Be used for optionally modulating the member of sodium yellow,
Wherein said blue-green optical modulation member and described sodium yellow modulation member include and are used for catoptrical first member and are used for partly catoptrical second member.
46, display device as claimed in claim 45, wherein said blue-green optical modulation member comprises that at least one is configured to optionally reflect the display element of bluish-green coloured light incident thereon, described first reflecting member comprises a reflective surface will, and described second portion reflecting member comprises a part of reflective surface will.
47, display device as claimed in claim 46, wherein said sodium yellow modulation member comprises that at least one is configured to optionally reflect the display element of sodium yellow incident thereon, described first reflecting member comprises a reflective surface will, and described second portion reflecting member comprises a part of reflective surface will.
48, display device as claimed in claim 45, wherein said blue-green optical modulation member and the output of described sodium yellow modulation member have the white light of a standardization white point.
49, display device as claimed in claim 45, wherein said blue-green optical modulation member and described sodium yellow modulation member comprise MEMS (micro electro mechanical system).
50, a kind of method of light modulated, it comprises:
With interference mode modulation green light; And
Use a light filter of when being subjected to the white light irradiation, exporting dark red coloured light to filter described green light, with the output white light.
51, method as claimed in claim 50 is wherein implemented described filtration and output so that output has the white light of a standardization white point.
52, a kind of method of light modulated, it comprises:
Modulate bluish-green coloured light with interference mode; And
With interference mode modulation sodium yellow,
Wherein said bluish-green coloured light and sodium yellow are combined to produce white light.
53, method as claimed in claim 52 is wherein implemented described output so that output has the white light of a standardization white point.
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US61341904P | 2004-09-27 | 2004-09-27 | |
| US61353504P | 2004-09-27 | 2004-09-27 | |
| US60/613,419 | 2004-09-27 | ||
| US60/613,535 | 2004-09-27 | ||
| US62307204P | 2004-10-28 | 2004-10-28 | |
| US60/623,072 | 2004-10-28 | ||
| US11/118,605 US8362987B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2005-04-29 | Method and device for manipulating color in a display |
| US11/118,605 | 2005-04-29 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1755506A true CN1755506A (en) | 2006-04-05 |
| CN1755506B CN1755506B (en) | 2010-10-06 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN 200510105840 Expired - Fee Related CN1755506B (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2005-09-23 | Method and device for manipulating color in a display |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101681017A (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2010-03-24 | 高通Mems科技公司 | Mems structures, methods of fabricating mems components on separate substrates and assembly of same |
| CN101907801A (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2010-12-08 | 上海交通大学 | Flat-panel display based on adjustable optical filters |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6597419B1 (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2003-07-22 | Minolta Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display including filter means with 10-70% transmittance in the selective reflection wavelength range |
| TW574586B (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2004-02-01 | Optrex Kk | Liquid crystal display element |
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2005
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101681017A (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2010-03-24 | 高通Mems科技公司 | Mems structures, methods of fabricating mems components on separate substrates and assembly of same |
| CN101907801A (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2010-12-08 | 上海交通大学 | Flat-panel display based on adjustable optical filters |
| CN101907801B (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2013-11-27 | 上海交通大学 | Flat-panel display based on adjustable optical filters |
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