CN1754346A - 无线网络中基于干扰的路由选择 - Google Patents
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- H04L45/06—Deflection routing, e.g. hot-potato routing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04W40/12—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on transmission quality or channel quality
- H04W40/16—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on transmission quality or channel quality based on interference
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- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
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Abstract
一种包含节点的无线网络,其采用对节点处干扰的测量或预测来选择消息通过网络的路由,其可以获得可接受的干扰量。干扰可能是由该网络或其它网络承载的其它业务对该消息引起的,在此情况下,选定路由上的节点的干扰量必须是可接受的,或干扰可能是由正在被路由的消息对其它业务引起的,在此情况下,对选定路由之外的节点的干扰量必须是可接受的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种无线网络、用于无线网络中的节点,以及一种运行无线网络的方法。
背景技术
无线网络包括多个配备无线收发机的节点。这种网络例如可用于具有以下节点的家庭或办公环境,其中的节点是诸如用于监控和控制目的的电灯开关、加热控制和安全探测器,或用于分配和收集数据的音频、视频和计算机设备等的对象或形成上述对象的一部分。
在无线网络中,数据以消息的形式发送,这些消息从源节点向目的节点要么直接发送,要么经过一个或多个中间节点进行路由,前者源节点和目的节点可以彼此直接接收信号,而后者源节点和目的节点不能彼此直接接收信号。
在图1说明了无线网络的示例,该无线网络包括6个节点A~F。箭头表示节点间直接通信的路径。例如,节点C可以与节点A、B、D和E直接通信,但不能与节点F直接通信。例如,节点A可以与节点B、C和D直接通信,但不能与节点E或F直接通信。在节点A与节点E或F之间的通信必须经过一个或多个中间节点B、C或D。
通过使用中间节点,节点的发送功率和接收机灵敏度可以保持得较低,而不用提供能够在任意两个节点之间直接通信的充分的功率和灵敏度。必须发送的的功率量与dn成比例,其中d是所覆盖的距离,n通常介于2~4之间,因此,如果使用多个转发代替直接通信,则总功率可以降低多个数量级。
通常,源节点与目的节点之间对一个消息来说会存在一个以上的可能路由,且使用路由准则来选择路由。在图1的网络中,由节点A生成且目的地为节点F的消息,具有多条路径可以选择,例如包括ABF、ACBF、ACEF、ADEF。选择路由的一些准则是:最短距离、最低功耗、最少的转发量、以及均衡每个节点处理的业务量。
随着无线网络变得更加普及,无线网络承载的信令量在不断增长,数据类型在不断变化,性能将变得愈发依赖于路由准则,且可以通过设计新路由准则来改善性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于改善无线网络的性能。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供一种在包含多个节点的无线网络中为消息选择路由的方法,该方法包括:为至少一些节点中的每个节点确定该节点所经受的干扰量的指示,以及选择具有一个或多个节点的路由,该路由使得节点子集所经受的干扰量的指示符合预定准则。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供一种在包含多个节点的无线网络中使用的主节点,该主节点包括:收发机,用于发送和接收消息;处理装置,用于在发送之前编码消息以及解码接收的消息;存储装置,用于存储由至少一些节点中的每个节点所经受的干扰量的指示;以及选择装置,用于在发送之前为消息选择具有一个或多个节点的路由,该路由使得节点子集所经受的干扰量的指示符合预定准则。
根据本发明的第三方面,提供一种在包含多个节点的无线网络中使用的次节点,该次节点包括:收发机,用于发送和接收消息;处理装置,用于在发送之前编码消息以及解码接收的消息;测量装置,用于测量干扰量;以及发送机装置,用于发送干扰量的指示。
根据本发明的第四方面,提供一种包括至少一个依据本发明第二方面的主节点的无线网络。
通过考虑节点所经受的任何干扰,作为单独的准则或者与已知的路由选择准则结合,可以通过避免经过那些经受最差干扰的节点的路由选择,或通过避免经过那些可能发生最差干扰的节点的路由选择来改善网络性能。在每个节点的干扰可能是降低为其选择路径的消息的性能的干扰,或者可能是由为之选择路由的消息所引起的、对其它消息业务的干扰,或者是上述两者的组合。由于在消息发送之间就存在干扰,所以在每个节点的干扰量可以预测或测量,或采样两种方式的组合。
附图说明
现将参照附图,仅通过实例的方式描述本发明,其中:
图1是无线网络的示图,以及
图2是节点的示意框图。
具体实施方式
考虑图1所示的无线网络以及消息从源节点A向目的节点F路由的情况。如果选择路由的准则是最少数量的转发,则最佳路由为ABF。如果负载分布被用作选择准则,而节点B和C正忙于在它们之间传递数据,则最佳路由为ADEF。然而,根据本发明,如果在选择准则中考虑RF干扰电平,则不同的路由可能是最佳的。例如,节点C靠近节点D可以导致在节点D有来自节点C的高电平干扰,因此经路由ADEF发送消息的性能较差。较差性能会表现为由于大量的重复传输造成的低成功几率和/或低流量。考虑干扰等级,即使通过节点C有其它的消息要发送,但通过选择路由ACEF仍旧可以达到较高的成功几率或较高的流量。
路由决策可以只基于一个或多个节点处的干扰量,或可以包括诸如这些上文所列的已知因素之类的另外因素。
由于在网络内部的消息业务引起的节点所经受的RF干扰量可以用已经访问有关网络业务信息的节点,例如知道消息业务量和消息业务目的地的主节点进行预测。可替换地,这些节点可以向决策制定节点报告它们正在经受的RF干扰量的指示。这种报告可以基于对接收信号的测量。测量干扰量的优点在于,可以考虑网络外部的干扰源。例如,在图1,如果节点E正在经受来自网络外部源的高电平干扰,则路由ACEF可导致较差的性能,而较好的路由可以是ACBF或ABF,即使节点B和C忙。
路由准则可以考虑由网络内或网络外的其它消息对该消息产生的干扰,如同上面的实例,但是可替换地,或此外,路由准则可以考虑由即将选择路由的消息对其它消息产生的干扰。例如,在图1,通过ACEF路由的消息可对节点B和D产生干扰,而路由ADEF可以是更好的,使消息进一步离开节点B并因此降低干扰节点B的可能性。
各种寻址方法可结合本发明使用。一些实例如下。
消息的路由可以由源节点定义,在此情况下,源节点在消息发送之前将路由中的各个节点地址的列表插入消息中,并且当消息到达每个中间节点时,该中间节点从消息中除去自己的地址,然后向具有路由表中下一个地址的节点转发该消息。
另一种寻址实例适用于包括主节点和从节点的网络,其中所有消息都经过主节点。在此情况下,该路由包含两条支线。首先,源节点将从源节点到主节点路由消息所需的地址插入消息中,然后主节点插入向前路由该消息到目的节点所需的地址。
作为寻址的另一实例,路由可以一次确定一个转发,由每个节点决定发送该消息的最佳的下一个节点,例如向经受最低干扰的节点。中间节点用它们选定的下一个节点的地址替换消息中它们自己的地址。
图2例示了节点的示意框图。存在包含发送机10和接收机20的无线收发机,它们都借助于转换开关30耦合至天线40。接收机20包括将从天线接收的信号转换到基带的接收机级22,其耦合处理装置50,向处理装置50传送基带信号。接收机20还包括接收信号电平指示器(RSSI)24,其测量由接收机级22接收的信号电平,并向处理装置50传送测量结果。处理装置50耦合到存储装置60和应用70,应用70经处理装置50、发送机10和接收机20发送和接收消息。应用70的实例是:灯光控制;加热控制;安全传感器或控制;音频播放器或存储介质;或视频播放器或存储介质。
图2节点的工作如下。在空闲状态下,即节点既不发送也不接收消息时,RSSI 24测量接收的RF干扰电平,处理装置50生成干扰量的指示,如果有的话,然后利用发送机10发送该指示,以便向其它节点通知在此节点的干扰电平。干扰量的指示可以取决于干扰的幅度和/或干扰的持续时间。发送这些干扰报告的时间可以预先确定,或响应于其它节点的请求、或响应于干扰超过预定电平而进行发送。
当处理装置50接收指示另一节点处的干扰量的干扰报告时,它将该指示连同产生该报告的节点的地址一起存储在存储装置60内。在一段时间之后,存储器将容纳来自网络中多数或全部节点的干扰报告。
当应用70要求向另一节点发送消息时,它向处理装置50传送该消息。处理装置50然后从存储装置60查找这些干扰报告,并使用其它节点的干扰量的指示选择该消息的路由。可以使用任何所需的考虑干扰的选择准则。一些准则实例如下:在任何单个中间节点处经受的最高干扰量最小;或者,在每个中间节点的干扰量小于预定阈值;或者,在任何单个中间节点的干扰持续时间小于预定值;或者,总误码率最小;或者,诸如消息成功率或流量之类的质量参数最大。可选地,选择准则可以考虑干扰的持续时间以及发送消息的持续时间;例如,可以认为连续但低电平的干扰与高电平干扰的短脉冲串相比,更不利于诸如流式音视频信息之类的长消息,原因在于短脉冲串可以通过纠错编码补偿。
在选择路由之后,处理装置50编码发送的消息,添加了诸如同步字、报头和误差校验数据之类的字段,并包括路由所需的地址。然后,格式化后的消息被传递给发送机10,用于经由天线40发送。
在替换实施例中,处理装置50使用涉及其它节点的可用信息,例如接收信号的强度和所承载的业务量,来预测通过可用替换路由发送消息对其它节点的干扰量。处理装置然后在存储装置60存储每个可用路由中每个节点的预测干扰量的指示。然后,在应用70要求发送消息时,处理装置50参考存储装置60并选择最佳路由。可以使用任何所需的考虑了由正在被路由的消息所产生的干扰的选择准则。一些准则实例如下:在选定路由之外的每个节点经受的最高干扰量最小;或者,在选定路由之外的每个节点的干扰量小于预定阈值;或者,在选定路由之外的任何节点的干扰持续时间小于预定值;或者,选定路由之外的这些节点的总误码率最小;或者,诸如消息成功率或流量之类的质量参数在选定路由之外的节点处最大。可选地,选择准则可以考虑由该消息产生的干扰的持续时间以及网络中其它消息业务的持续时间;例如,可以认为连续但低电平的干扰比高电平干扰的短脉冲串相比,更不利于诸如流式音视频信息之类的长消息,原因在于短脉冲串可以通过纠错编码补偿。
存储在存储装置60的数据以适当间隔进行更新,确保对当前网络条件保持有效。
在另一实施例中,网络可以使用只基于干扰预测的选择,在此情况下,节点不必包括RSSI 24或发送它正在经受的干扰量的指示。可以实现双重方案,即采用使用了测量和预测两者的选择准则。
在又一实施例中,包含主节点和多个从节点的网络只在主控站执行路由选择,在此情况下,主节点不必包括RSSI 24,从节点不必包括存储装置60。为了说明书的简便,配备用于路由选择的节点被称作主节点,配备用于发送干扰报告的节点被称作次节点。节点可以包括主节点和次节点两者的功能性。
可选地,附加在RSSI 24的装置可以用于测量干扰量,例如可以采用滤波在特定带宽内测量干扰,或者可以采用计时电路来测量干扰的持续时间。
可选地,如果干扰电平发生改变,则可以在消息发送期间发生路由选择。
可选地,可以同时为一个以上的消息选择路由,以确保这些消息不会在这些选择的路由上彼此干扰。
可选地,可以选择路由以避免对另一网络产生干扰。
在本说明书和权利要求书中,在元件前的单词“一”或“一个”并不排除出现多个这种元件。而且,单词“包括”并不排除出现所列元件和步骤之外的元件和步骤。
权利要求中括号内包含的参考标记意在帮助理解而非进行限定。
通过阅读此公开内容,本领域技术人员将理解其它修改。这些修改可以包括无线通信领域和无线网络领域内已知的特征,并且这些修改可以用来代替或附加到在此已描述的特征上。
Claims (13)
1.一种在包含多个节点(A至F)的无线网络中为消息选择路由的方法,该方法包括:为至少一些节点中的每个节点确定(50)该节点所经受的干扰量的指示,以及选择(50)具有一个或多个节点的路由,该路由使得节点子集所经受的干扰量的指示符合预定准则。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,该节点子集包括选定路由的节点。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,该节点子集包括选定路由之外的节点,并且该节点子集所经受的干扰是由于经过选定路由发送消息而引起的。
4.根据权利要求2的方法,其中,确定干扰量的指示包括测量干扰量。
5.如权利要求2或3的方法,其中,确定干扰量的指示包括预测干扰量。
6.一种在包含多个节点的无线网络中使用的主节点,该主节点包括:收发机(10、20),用于发送和接收消息;处理装置(50),用于在消息发送之前编码消息以及解码接收的消息;存储装置(60),用于存储由至少一些节点中的每个节点所经受的干扰量的指示;以及选择装置(50),用于在消息发送之前为消息选择具有一个或多个节点的路由,该路由使得节点子集所经受的干扰量的指示符合预定准则。
7.如权利要求6所述的主节点,其中,该节点子集包括选定路由的节点。
8.如权利要求6所述的主节点,其中,该节点子集包括选定路由之外的节点,并且该节点子集所经受的干扰是由于经过选定路由发送消息而引起的。
9.如权利要求7所述的主节点,包括用于接收节点所经受的干扰量的指示的装置(20),以及用于向存储装置传递该指示的装置(50)。
10.如权利要求7或8所述的主节点,包括用于预测节点所经受的干扰量的装置(50),用于根据预测的干扰量确定干扰量指示的装置(50),以及用于向存储装置传递该指示的装置(50)。
11.一种在包含多个节点的无线网络中使用的次节点,该次节点包括:收发机(10、20),用于发送和接收消息;处理装置(50),用于在消息发送之前编码消息以及解码接收的消息;测量装置(24),用于测量干扰量;以及发送机装置(10),用于发送干扰量的指示。
12.一种包括至少一个如权利要求6至10所述主节点的无线网络。
13.如权利要求12所述的无线网络,包括至少一个如权利要求11所述的次节点。
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US (1) | US20070082616A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1602198A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2006518957A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20050104389A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1754346A (zh) |
GB (1) | GB0304216D0 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW200503472A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2004077746A1 (zh) |
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EP1142227A2 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2001-10-10 | Nokia Wireless Routers, Inc. | A unified routing scheme for ad-hoc internetworking |
US6807165B2 (en) * | 2000-11-08 | 2004-10-19 | Meshnetworks, Inc. | Time division protocol for an ad-hoc, peer-to-peer radio network having coordinating channel access to shared parallel data channels with separate reservation channel |
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2003
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- 2004-02-11 KR KR1020057015628A patent/KR20050104389A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-02-11 JP JP2006502455A patent/JP2006518957A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-02-11 WO PCT/IB2004/000445 patent/WO2004077746A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-02-11 CN CNA2004800050471A patent/CN1754346A/zh active Pending
- 2004-02-20 TW TW093104326A patent/TW200503472A/zh unknown
Cited By (1)
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CN102160423B (zh) * | 2008-07-29 | 2014-10-01 | 法国电信 | 适用多跳网络中的电磁环境的路由 |
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TW200503472A (en) | 2005-01-16 |
EP1602198A1 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
GB0304216D0 (en) | 2003-03-26 |
KR20050104389A (ko) | 2005-11-02 |
WO2004077746A1 (en) | 2004-09-10 |
JP2006518957A (ja) | 2006-08-17 |
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