CN1749874A - Charging roller - Google Patents
Charging roller Download PDFInfo
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- CN1749874A CN1749874A CN 200510102997 CN200510102997A CN1749874A CN 1749874 A CN1749874 A CN 1749874A CN 200510102997 CN200510102997 CN 200510102997 CN 200510102997 A CN200510102997 A CN 200510102997A CN 1749874 A CN1749874 A CN 1749874A
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- charging roller
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Abstract
A contact charging roller composed of a support member and a conductive coating member is disclosed. The conductive coating member is composed of a seamless tube that contains a non-polar resin or elastomer and a polar resin or elastomer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of charging roller, and more specifically, relate to a kind of charging roller that uses in the contact charging parts, these contact charging parts apply voltages to the conductive component that contacts with electrophotographic photosensitive member, with the electromotive force that the electrophotographic photosensitive member surface charging is extremely predetermined.
Background technology
Although a lot of methods are suggested as electrophotographic method, normally used method has following processing: electric sub-image is by using photo conductive material, being formed on the photosensitive-member by the whole bag of tricks, by use the toner development sub-image with form visual picture and as required toner image is transferred to offset medium for example on the paper after, this toner image by heat, pressure etc. by photographic fixing on offset medium, with the acquisition duplicate.Here, remain on the photosensitive-member and the toner-particle that is not transferred on the offset medium is removed from photosensitive-member by cleaning.
Traditionally, corona charging device (corona charger) is used as the electrophotography charging device.In recent years, replace this corona charging device, the contact charging parts enter in the practical application.This device is intended to low-ozone and low-energy-consumption, and in such device, especially, from the angle of charge stability, the roller charging system that conductive rollers is used as its charging unit is used satisfactorily.
In this roller charging system, the electrically conductive elastic roller is contacted, with parts pressure to be charged so that voltage is applied to this parts; Like this, realize treating the charging process of charging unit.
More specifically, because charging process is to realize by be discharged to parts to be charged from charging unit, this charging process begins by applying the voltage that surpasses certain threshold value.For example, when organic photo parts that make charging roller with photoconductive layer (OPC photosensitive-member) when pressure contacts with 25 μ m thickness, when applying by about 640V of absolute value or higher voltage, surface potential begins to raise, after this, the photosensitive-member surface potential is the linear rising of slope with respect to the voltage that is applied with 1.Hereinafter, this threshold voltage starting potential Vth that is defined as charging.
In other words, be the required photosensitive-member surface potential Vd of electron gain photograph, this charging roller needs dc voltage, Vd+Vth, the required voltage height of this voltage ratio image forming course itself.This dc voltage that only applies realizes that the method for charging process is called as the DC charging for the contact charging parts.
But, in DC charging, the environmental change etc. because the resistance value of contact charging parts is easy to and changing, perhaps because Vth fluctuates when changing because photosensitive-member weares and teares when thickness, the result is difficult to the electromotive force of photosensitive-member is set to desired value.
Therefore, in order further to obtain the homogeneity of charging, use the AC+DC charging system, this system will be superimposed to the voltage that produces on the dc voltage corresponding to desired Vd by the AC component with the P-to-P voltage that is higher than 2 * Vth and be applied to the contact charging parts.This system is intended to assemble the Vd of the electromotive force of parts to be charged to the central authorities that reach the AC voltage peak by using the equalization effects (equalizing effect) of the electromotive force that AC comes, and makes this electromotive force be subjected to the influence of environmental perturbation etc. hardly.
About the conductive component that is used to charge, for example, proposed a kind of by using the conduction solid drawn tube on the conductive supporting parts, to form the parts (seeing U.S. Patent No. 4,967,231 instructionss) of superficial layer.In addition, the solid drawn tube of being made by fluororesin (seeing Japanese kokai publication hei No.H05-2313) is disclosed with the multilayer pipe (seeing Japanese kokai publication hei No.H05-96648) that is made of the layer with different conduction properties.About making the method for charging unit, above-mentioned conventional art comprises by using the method that forms charging unit of handling of inserting.In addition, proposed to use the surface formation method (seeing Japanese kokai publication hei No.H06-58325) of crosshead extruder (cross-head extruder).
By using solid drawn tube to form in the method for charging roller, even when expanded material was used as elastomer layer on the matrix part, this expanded material further was coated with this solid drawn tube, makes it possible to form shiny surface, so that more uniform charging process to be provided.
About making solid drawn tube have the method for electric conductivity, generally, proposed salt wherein as the ionic conduction method of conductive agent and with material for example carbon black, conducting metal oxide and metal powder as the electronic conduction method of conductive agent.When electric conductivity is given by ionic conduction, such problem occurs: resistance value is easy to the big ups and downs owing to environment, and because salt contacts with electrophotographic photosensitive member and make salt be easy to pollute photosensitive-member.Therefore, in the present invention, carbon black is used as conductive agent.
But when produce using thermoplastic resin as the solid drawn tube of matrix material, resistance is because tube swelling and contraction change this tube swelling and to shrink be that size by the foaming layer that forms base layer when this pipe of covering is caused.Another problem occurs, because tube swelling or contraction and resistance variations, it forms the influence of the foaming layer of base layer owing to follow the variation or the passage of time of environment.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide charging roller, this charging roller can change at the expansion of roller and contraction and with current value and is controlled at less degree, and stable, superior, uniform charging quantity and picture quality are provided.
That is to say that the invention provides the charging roller that comprises support component at least and conduction coating member, wherein this conduction coating member is made of solid drawn tube, this solid drawn tube comprises at least (1) non-polar resin or elastic body and (2) polar resin or elastic body.
In the present invention, owing to contain above-mentioned material, make to provide and to reduce, and obtain stable, superior, uniform charging quantity and picture quality because the expansion of pipe and the charging roller of the resistance change that contraction causes become possibility.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the figure that illustrates according to the structure of charging roller of the present invention.
Fig. 2 illustrates the figure that concerns between SUS rod diameter and the roller current value.
Fig. 3 illustrates the figure that concerns between SUS rod diameter and the roller current value.
Embodiment
Below the present invention is illustrated in more detail.
Conduction coating member of the present invention is produced as solid drawn tube, and this solid drawn tube constitutes by non-polar resin or elastic body, polar resin or elastic body with as the carbon black of conductive agent.Mass ratio between (1) non-polar resin or elastic body and (2) polar resin or elastic body is set in 95: 5-20: in 80 the scope.
About this non-polar resin or elastic body, its example comprises styrene analog thermoplastic elastomer, specifically comprises: poly-(styrene-hydrogenated butadiene-crystalline olefin) ternary block polymer (SEBC), poly-(styrene-hydrogenated butadiene-styrene) ternary block polymer (SEBS), poly-(s-B-S) ternary block polymer (SBS), poly-(styrene-hydrogenated isoprene-styrene) ternary block polymer (SEPS) and poly-(styrene-ethylene base isoprene-styrene) ternary block polymer.
This polar resin comprises the key that contains nitrogen at least or oxygen.This key comprises at least a key that is selected from the set of being made up of urethanes class, amide-type, ester class, acryloyl base class and ethers key.For polar resin or elastic body, its example comprises: polyurethane, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly-(ether-ester) multipolymer, poly-(ammonia ester-ether) multipolymer, poly-(acid amides-ether) multipolymer and poly-(ammonia ester-ester) multipolymer.
Polar functional group with styrol copolymer of polar functional group is a functional group of containing nitrogen at least or oxygen.This polar functional group is at least one member who is selected from the set of being made up of itrile group, amino, epoxy radicals, vinyl, phenolic group, carbonyl and carboxyl.About having the styrol copolymer of polar functional group, its example comprises: poly-(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)) ternary block polymer (ABS), poly-(acrylonitrile-styrene) segmented copolymer (AS), poly-(vinyl cyanide-ethylene-propylene rubber-styrene-alkene) segmented copolymer (AES), polycarbonate resin, phenol resin, poly-(styrene-butadiene epoxy) multipolymer (ESBS) and poly-(styrene-ester) multipolymer.
The proper content ratio of above-mentioned two kinds of components depends on material, and when the ratio of styrene analog thermoplastic elastomer becomes excessive, reduces the effect that changes at the resistance that expands and reduce.On the contrary, when the ratio of the styrol copolymer with polar functional group became excessive, weakened as elastomeric character, such problem appearred in the result: because in overwrite procedure, owing to not having elasticity to cause tracheal rupture or the crack occurring, it is difficult to as charging roller.
In addition, in order to improve the compatibility of above-mentioned material, if desired, can use compatible reinforcing agent.
The carbon black that is used to electric conductivity is provided uses with the amount of 10-60% quality, more preferably the 20-40% quality with respect to (1) non-polar resin or elastic body and (2) polar resin or elastomeric gross mass.Under the situation of ratio less than 10% quality of carbon black, when energising was used, it is big that the rising of resistance becomes, and therefore produce because as the problem of the permanance deterioration of charging roller.On the contrary, when the ratio of carbon black during greater than 60% quality, it is too hard that pipe becomes, and causes elastic performance to reduce and cause and cover failure.
About the type of carbon black, can use any carbon black, as long as the resistance value of conduction coating member is set at 1 * 10
6To 1 * 10
11Ω cm and satisfy above-mentioned content range and get final product, and two kinds or more kinds of carbon black can be mixed and use.
About carbon black in the present invention, the example of its commercial product comprises: Ketchenblack (Lion Akzo Co., Ltd. make), Printex, Special Black, ColorBlack (Degussa Industries, Inc. make), BLACK PEARLS (CabotCorp. manufacturing), Asahi Carbon (Asahi Carbon Co., Ltd. make), Mitsubishi carbon (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation manufacturing), Denka black (Denki Kagaku Kogyo K.K. manufacturing), Sheast andToka Black (it is by Tokai Carbon Co., and Ltd. makes).
About other adjuvant, if desired, use conductive filler, antioxidant, softening agent, plasticiser, reinforcing agent, filling agent etc.About conductive filler, above-mentioned carbon black can be used as necessary component, to wherein adding graphite and metal oxide.About metal oxide, its example comprises titanium dioxide and massicot.
The manufacture method of the solid drawn tube of formation conductive covering layer of the present invention can be carried out according to the following steps: at first, non-polar resin or elastic body, polar resin or elastic body and carbon black and essential adjuvant are mixed together and knead, and form bead subsequently; Then, by using extrusion shaping machine (extrusion molding machine), resulting bead is formed solid drawn tube; Then, support component covers with the solid drawn tube of such moulding, thereby forms conductive component.
Covering in the support component with solid drawn tube, for example, can make in the following method: make the external diameter of the internal diameter of solid drawn tube greater than the support component that will be capped, make that by using physics or chemical method for example heat is shunk to be fit to support component pipe, perhaps make the external diameter of the internal diameter of solid drawn tube less than the support component that will be capped, make that by using physics or chemical method for example air pressure also expands to be fit to the there pipe pressurized.According to the present invention,, thereby can prepare conductive component with superperformance because the solid drawn tube that is suitable for producing obtains as mentioned above.
Although be not particularly limited, the thickness of solid drawn tube of the present invention preferably is arranged in the scope of 100-600 μ m.And, can use the pipe of multilayer moulding simultaneously.
Below explanation will be discussed structure, material or the manufacture method with the support component that is capped that can use in the present invention.
As its form, use resilient roller.About its material, metal is iron, copper and stainless steel for example, the carbon dispersion resin, and perhaps metal or metal oxide dispersion resin can be made conducting base; About its shape, can use clavate, dish type etc.Structure about resilient roller, for example, use is by placing elastic layer on conducting base, the roller that further forms conductive layer or resistive layer thereon and form, and elastic layer can be by using rubber for example chloroprene rubber, isoprene rubber, EPDM rubber, urethane rubber, epoxy rubber and butyl rubber, or sponge, or for example styrene-butadiene, polyurethane, polyester and ethylene vinyl acetate resin formation of thermoplastic resin.These rubber and resin can comprise conductive agent, for example carbon black, metal and metal oxide particle.
For conductive layer, for example, can use metal evaporation film, conducting particles dispersion resin, electroconductive resin etc., its concrete example comprises the vapor-deposited film of being made by aluminium, indium, nickel, copper or iron, about the conducting particles dispersion resin, its example comprises dispersion resin, and wherein for example carbon, aluminium, nickel or titanium dioxide are dispersed in resin for example in urethane resin, vibrin, vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride copolymer and the plexiglass to conducting particles.About electroconductive resin, its example comprises polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl aniline, polyvinyl pyrroles, poly-diacetylene and the polyethyleneimine that contains quaternary ammonium salt.
For resistive layer, for example, can use electroconductive resin and conducting particles to disperse insulating resin.As electroconductive resin, use resin for example ethyl cellulose, cellulose nitrate, methoxy nylon, ethoxyl methyl nylon, copolymer nylon, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (polyvinyl hydrin) and casein.The example of conducting particles dispersion resin comprises by for example carbon, aluminium, indium oxide and titanium dioxide are distributed to the material that insulating resin for example prepares in urethane resin, vibrin, vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride copolymer and the polymethylmethacrylate with a small amount of conducting particles.
, and stably provide and be considered to the middle impedance zone that is difficult in stationary mode, produce superior aspect the production stability according to the charging roller with support component and solid drawn tube of structure of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows the example of structure according to charging roller 1 ' of the present invention.In Fig. 1, Reference numeral 1 is represented conducting base, and 2 represent elastomer layer, and 3 represent overlayer, and 3 (i) represent conductive layer, and 3 (o) representative conductive covering layer in the present invention.Here, conducting base 1, elastomer layer 2 and conductive layer 3 (i) are called as support component altogether.
Embodiment
Below explanation will specifically be discussed according to tectal formation of the present invention.Among below the embodiment and Comparative Examples, part of mentioning in mass.
Embodiment 1-1
In the present embodiment, as the material that covers the conduction coating member of support component with the form of solid drawn tube, use 40 parts of styrene analog thermoplastic elastomer (Dinaron4600P, JSR Co., Ltd. make) and 60 parts of amide-type thermoplastic elastomer (Pebax4033, Atofina Japan K.K. makes), and to wherein further add 40 parts of carbon blacks (Toka Black#4300Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd.), 10 parts of magnesium oxide and 1 part of calcium stearate.
At above-mentioned material at 20 ℃-220 ℃ by using after adding pressure type kneading machine (pressurization-type kneader) fusing kneads, the potpourri that obtains is cooled and is pulverized by comminutor, then by using single shaft extruder (single-axisextruder), to make the bead of conduction coating member (conductive covering layer) usefulness 140-200 ℃ of granulation.
Inner tube layer for two-colour tube, 16 parts of Ketchen Black EC, 10 parts of magnesium oxide and 1 part of calcium stearate are added in 100 parts of Polyurethane Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPU), and the potpourri that obtains was kneaded 15 minutes at 180 ℃ by using the adding pressure type kneading machine, and after being cooled and grinding, form bead by using granulating extruder.
Use aforesaid conductive covering layer bead and inner tube layer bead, double-colored extruder by means of the tip of mould with internal diameter φ 16.5mm and external diameter φ 18.5mm carries out extrusion molding, next be determined size (sizing) and cooling, form solid drawn tube like this with internal diameter φ 11.1mm, outer layer thickness 100 μ m and interior layer thickness 400 μ m.
Embodiment 1-2
Carry out and step identical in embodiment 1-1, replace the amide-type thermoplastic elastomer to use material to produce bead as the conduction coating member except using ester analog thermoplastic elastomer (Hitrel 3046, DuPont-Toray Co., Ltd. manufacturing).The internal layer bead that uses these beads and produce in embodiment 1-1, solid drawn tube is by forming with mode identical in embodiment 1-1.
Comparative Examples 1-1
Carry out and step identical in embodiment 1-1, except using 60 parts of high impact polystyrenes (HIPS 9152, PS Japan Co., Ltd. manufacturing) to replace the amide-type thermoplastic elastomer as conduction coating member material, and the addition of carbon black is changed into 30 parts, the production bead from 40 parts.The internal layer bead that uses these beads and make in embodiment 1-1, solid drawn tube is by forming with mode identical in embodiment 1-1.
Embodiment 2-1
As conduction coating member material, use 60 parts of styrene analog thermoplastic elastomer (Dinaron 4600P, JSR Co., Ltd. make) and 40 parts of acrylonitritrile-styrene resin resin (SAN-R Techno Polymer Co., Ltd.), and to wherein further adding 50 parts of carbon blacks (Inc. makes for Special Black 550, Degussa Huels JapanIndustries), 10 parts of magnesium oxide and 1 part of calcium stearate.
Except that above-mentioned, carry out producing bead with step identical in embodiment 1-1.The internal layer bead that uses these beads and make in embodiment 1-1, solid drawn tube is by forming with mode identical in embodiment 1-1.
Embodiment 2-2
Carry out and step identical in embodiment 2-1, except using 80 parts of styrene analog thermoplastic elastomer (Dinaron 4600P, JSR Co., Ltd. make) and 20 parts of acrylonitritrile-styrene resin resin (SAN-R Techno Polymer Co., Ltd.) as conduction coating member material, form solid drawn tube like this.
Embodiment 2-3
Carry out and step identical in embodiment 2-1, except using 90 parts of styrene analog thermoplastic elastomer (Dinaron 4600P, JSR Co., Ltd. make) and 10 parts of acrylonitritrile-styrene resin resin (SAN-R Techno Polymer Co., Ltd.) as conduction coating member material, form solid drawn tube like this.
Embodiment 2-4
Carry out and step identical in embodiment 2-3, poly-except using (styrene-butadiene-epoxy) multipolymer (Epofriend A1020, Daicel ChemicalIndustries Ltd. makes) replace the acrylonitritrile-styrene resin resin as conduction coating member material, and the addition of carbon black changes to 40 parts from 50 parts, forms solid drawn tube like this.
Comparative example 2-1
Carry out and step identical in embodiment 2-2, (HIPS 9152 except using high impact polystyrene, PS Japan Co., Ltd. makes) replace the acrylonitritrile-styrene resin resin as conduction coating member material, solid drawn tube is by moulding and formation like this.
Charging roller shown in Figure 1 has such structure: elastomer layer (foaming elastomer layer) 2 is made by conductive elastomer, it is formed on by the material of the good conductive periphery of the conducting base (axle) 1 made of iron, brass and the conductive plastics handled of stainless steel (SUS), plating for example, and the periphery of elastomer layer 2 further is coated with above-mentioned double-colored solid drawn tube.Here, in this evaluation procedure, the external diameter of the core of elastomer layer is set to 12.1mm, and this value is than the big 1mm of internal diameter of pipe, and pipe is allowed to expand fully like this.In Fig. 1, conductive layer (internal layer) 3 (i) is represented the Low ESR conductive layer, and conductive covering layer (skin) 3 (o) representative pipe in the present invention, constitutes according to tubular construction of the present invention like this.This roller is installed in the handle box to carry out imaging.
The image of evaluation by using above-mentioned roller to form, evaluation result is presented in the table 1.In using the embodiments of the invention of polar resin, no problem appearance in image, but in Comparative Examples, occur because the black band shape scrambling that the resistance of pipe raises and causes.
11.0,11.2,11.4,11.6,11.8 the assay method of variation of the resistance value of the expansion of response solid drawn tube is explained as follows: above-mentioned individual layer solid drawn tube is attached to the SUS rod that has different diameters respectively (φ:, 12.0mm), and each rod is placed in the environment of 25 ℃ of temperature and humidity 55% and continues 24 hours.The expansivity of pipe is respectively φ 11.0mm, 0%; φ 11.2mm, 0.9%; φ 11.4mm, 2.7%; φ 11.6mm, 4.5%; φ 11.8mm, 6.3%; And φ 12.0mm, 8.1%.Thereafter, each SUS rod with different-diameter separately contact with SUS drum (φ 30mm), and when the SUS with the 30rpm rotation is roused the dc voltage that applies 200V the mensuration current value.Measurement result shows in Fig. 2 and 3.In addition, the ratio of the current value on the SUS rod of current value on the SUS of the diameter phi 12.0mm rod and diameter phi 11.0mm is displayed in Table 2.
As Fig. 2 and 3 and table 2 shown in, in using the embodiments of the invention of polar resin, be maintained at less degree with the change of the relevant resistance value that expands.On the other hand, in the Comparative Examples of not using polar resin, it is very big that the variation of resistance value becomes, and this is considered to cause the scrambling in the aforementioned picture appraisal.
Table 1
| Image | |
| Embodiment 1-1 | A |
| Embodiment 1-2 | A |
| Comparative Examples 1-1 | B |
| Embodiment 2-1 | A |
| Embodiment 2-2 | A |
| Embodiment 2-3 | A |
| Embodiment 2-4 | A |
| Comparative Examples 2-1 | B |
A: the image scrambling that does not have the scrambling owing to charging roller resistance to cause
B: the black band-like image scrambling that causes owing to the scrambling of charging roller resistance
Table 2
| φ12.0/φ11.0 | |
| Embodiment 1-1 | 4.9 |
| Embodiment 1-2 | 9.8 |
| Comparative Examples 1-1 | 971.4 |
| Embodiment 2-1 | 2.1 |
| Embodiment 2-2 | 6.2 |
| Embodiment 2-3 | 26.1 |
| Embodiment 2-4 | 3.1 |
| Comparative Examples 2-1 | 537.6 |
Claims (8)
1. charging roller, it comprises support component and conduction coating member at least,
Wherein, this conduction coating member constitutes by containing at least non-polar resin or elastic body and polar resin or elastomeric solid drawn tube.
2. charging roller according to claim 1, wherein, this non-polar resin or elastic body are styrene analog thermoplastic elastomers, and this polar resin or elastic body are thermoplastic resin or the thermoplastic elastomers that is made of the styrol copolymer with polar functional group.
3. charging roller according to claim 1, wherein, the mass ratio between non-polar resin or elastic body and polar resin or the elastic body is set at 95: 20-20: in 80 the scope.
4. charging roller according to claim 1, wherein, this polar resin has the key that comprises nitrogen at least or oxygen.
5. charging roller according to claim 4, wherein, this key that comprises nitrogen at least or oxygen comprises at least one key that is selected from the set of being made up of urethanes class, amide-type, ester class, acryloyl base class and ethers key.
6. charging roller according to claim 2, wherein, this functional group with styrol copolymer of polar functional group is the functional group that comprises nitrogen at least or oxygen.
7. charging roller according to claim 6, wherein, this functional group comprises at least one group that is selected from the set of being made up of itrile group, amino, epoxy radicals, vinyl, phenolic group, carbonyl and carboxyl.
8. charging roller according to claim 1, wherein, this conduction coating member comprises carbon black.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004271809 | 2004-09-17 | ||
| JP2004271809 | 2004-09-17 | ||
| JP2004273524 | 2004-09-21 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1749874A true CN1749874A (en) | 2006-03-22 |
| CN100447679C CN100447679C (en) | 2008-12-31 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005101029972A Active CN100447679C (en) | 2004-09-17 | 2005-09-16 | Charging roller |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8375135B2 (en) | 2007-09-26 | 2013-02-12 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method for secure user plane (SUPL) version negotiation |
| CN105637033A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2016-06-01 | 住友橡胶工业株式会社 | Electroconductive elastomer composition and manufacturing method therefor |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1259600C (en) * | 2002-02-21 | 2006-06-14 | 佳能化成株式会社 | Charged roller, image treatment box and electronic eamera device |
| JP3972694B2 (en) * | 2002-03-15 | 2007-09-05 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Conductive member and image forming apparatus using the same |
| US6951688B2 (en) * | 2002-10-11 | 2005-10-04 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Charging member, and image-forming apparatus and process cartridge which make use of the same |
-
2005
- 2005-09-16 CN CNB2005101029972A patent/CN100447679C/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8375135B2 (en) | 2007-09-26 | 2013-02-12 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method for secure user plane (SUPL) version negotiation |
| CN105637033A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2016-06-01 | 住友橡胶工业株式会社 | Electroconductive elastomer composition and manufacturing method therefor |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN100447679C (en) | 2008-12-31 |
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Owner name: CANON K.K. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: CANON CHEMICAL CO., LTD. Effective date: 20150730 |
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Effective date of registration: 20150730 Address after: Tokyo, Japan, Japan Patentee after: Canon K. K. Address before: Ibaraki Patentee before: Canon Chemical Co., Ltd. |