CN1744566A - Layered mobile multicasting method based on fast multicasting switching - Google Patents
Layered mobile multicasting method based on fast multicasting switching Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Through technique for interpreting multicast groups, by using regional multicast agent router as loot node, and by using regional multicast routers as branch nodes, multicast tree is built in domain in regional network. Thus, regional multicast agent manages multicast application in whole regional domain as well as switching mobile nodes in domain is shielded outside domain. Based on mobile IPv6 fast switch over protocol, through expanding use of option of multicast groups, the method realizes fast multicast switching mobile nodes inside and outside domain. Switching between domains is based on remote join mode in IPv6 protocol so as to guarantee approximative optimality of path for forwarding multicast. Meanwhile advantages including fast multicast switching, reducing switching delay and switching packet loss are realized.
Description
Technical field
The layered mobile multicasting method that switches based on fast multicast belongs to Internet technical field, relates in particular to the multicasting technology in the mobile environment.
Background technology
The IP multicast has to be saved the network bandwidth, efficient height, can save advantage such as sender's own resource, what mobile environment was usually used on the other hand is wireless network, limited bandwidth becomes one of topmost restraining factors, therefore need to use multicasting technology in the mobile environment more: multicast can effectively be saved problems such as wireless network bandwidth and mobile device capability be limited, and is the more better application of mobile subscriber's introducing; Meanwhile, multicast has also obtained more deployment and development space.
Yet, in mobile environment, carry out multicast and face a lot of new challenges.Existing multicast protocol has all only been considered static situation, and consideration is not applied to the problem in the mobile environment.If mobile node still carries out multicast according to the mode identical with static node, so after its position changes, owing to use new Care-of Address, need add multicast group again, therefore its group membership's state and multicast tree branch all need to carry out corresponding modification, otherwise node can't continue normal receiving group grouping.Because the adjustment of multicast member state and multicast tree branch often needs to take a long time, so the switching delay of node is bigger, it is also relatively more serious to switch the packet loss problem.Simultaneously, multicast group and maintenance of multicast tree all will be introduced bigger offered load expense and calculation of equipments expense.If there is more node frequently to move in the network, then will bring serious multicast tree stability problem, and the multicast protocol overhead issues.Therefore, existing multicast protocol can not well adapt to the requirement of mobile environment.
The most basic in the mobile multicast algorithm is exactly long-range adding algorithm and the two-way tunnel algorithm that proposes in the mobile IP protocol, but all there is bigger defective in these two algorithms.For example long-range adding algorithm exists that multicast tree and multicast member state-maintenance expense are big, the multicast tree poor stability, and problem such as switching delay is big and packet drop is serious; Router efficiency is low, packet forward efficient is low, bandwidth waste is serious and two-way tunnel algorithm exists, and has problems such as " failure set mid points ".Present research to mobile multicast mainly concentrates on the problem that exists in these two kinds of algorithms is improved, and perhaps the two is comprehensively improved overall performance.But these schemes all only are to have proposed solution at the some or a plurality of problems that exist in the mobile multicast, all also have bigger defective, also can't propose whole solution framework for disposing multicast in the mobile environment.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes the frame system of in mobile environment, disposing the IP multicast, the i.e. layered mobile multicasting solution of switching based on fast multicast (Fast Multicast Handoff Based Hierarchical Mobile Multicast Scheme is called for short FHMM).This scheme has well solved three big problems of disposing multicast in the mobile environment, i.e. multicast overhead issues, router efficiency problem, and switching delay and Loss Rate problem, be one comprehensively, mobile multicast solution efficiently.
The thinking of method proposed by the invention is: the present invention is based on long-range adding algorithm, especially at wherein two big subject matters---because the multicast overhead issues that frequent switching causes, and switching delay and packet loss problem have proposed solution.At frequent switching problem, FHMM carries out multi-zone supervision with multicast, to external shield the variation of member position in the territory, guaranteed the stability of multicast transmit tree trunk, reduced the expense of multicast protocol.At switching delay and packet loss problem, FHMM has then proposed to carry out the scheme that fast multicast switches between mobile node MN (mobile node) and couple in router AR (access router), this scheme can reduce to minimum with the multicast switching delay that moves initiation, loses thereby also reduced the multicastapackets of switching initiation.In addition, when node motion when not supporting the subnet of multicast, FHMM still can provide multicast services for node.
The invention is characterized in:
1. this method is that the basis is realized in the territory or fast multicast switching between the territory with the quick handoff protocol of mobile IP v 6, and it contains following steps successively:
In the zone of single site network, select a router of supporting multicast as regional multicast agent, represent with DMA, this DMA is the root node of multicast tree in the territory, on behalf of the node in the zone, described DMA add or withdraws from multicast group, in the zone, multicast packet is sent to respective nodes then with multicast mode, when node moves in the territory and when causing change in location, only need change in location notice corresponding D MA, revise multicast tree branch in the territory by this DMA, just make this change in location information between the territory, obtain shielding by DMA; Couple in router AR with subnet expands as multicast agent again, represents with MA, provides multicast services to be responsible for mobile node, this MA or an application-specific entity of handling mobile transaction; (this DMA just joins this multicast group (* to multicast group in the territory for *, joining request when being delivered to the DMA in described zone G), G), in the zone, dynamically generate a translation multicast group simultaneously, with (DMA, G ') expression, and the multicast group corresponding informance (*, G)＜-(DMA, G ') each AR in the zone broadcasts, after receiving this corresponding informance, those need join multicast group, and (*, AR G) just join this translation multicast group (DMA, G ') by normal mode;
All multicast group corresponding informances have been formed regional multicast group correspondence table in institute's favored area, represent with DTMG, by inquiring about this table, any one AR separate the DMA that will look for and whether joined certain multicast group, and this multicast group corresponding in the zone be which translates multicast group;
Step 2.1, safeguard one group of multicast handover information among each AR in the zone, whether sign and this AR comprising DMA under this AR support multicast, obtain the multicast handover information of adjacent AR by the information interaction agreement between each AR simultaneously, thereby between each AR, constituted the multicast switching table;
Step 2.2, mobile node adds multicast group
Step 2.2.1, no matter when being positioned at the mobile node of which network and need joining multicast group, this MN is the request of the couple in router AR in current sub network multicast handover information at first, whether supports multicast so that know current AR;
Step 2.2.2, if current AR supports multicast, then this MN just sends multicast to current AR and joins request, and represents with MLD message; If current AR does not support multicast, just change step 2.2.4 over to;
Step 2.2.3, this moment, MN was with the MA of current AR as oneself, and the DMA of current AR is as the DMA of oneself; If current AR by regional multicast group correspondence table find relevant multicast group (*, G), this MN just directly joins corresponding translation multicast group; Otherwise current AR sends the DMAReq request message to the DMA of oneself, adds this multicast group (* by this DMA, G), and in the zone newly-built one translate multicast group, through the current AR of regional broadcast announcement, this AR adds this translation multicast group according to normal mode after upgrading regional multicast group correspondence table;
Step 2.2.4, this moment, MN was made as DMA under the AR with oneself MA and DMA, contain multicast group (* by the tunnel to the DMA of current AR transmission, G) information, described DMA just adds this multicast group, and (* G), sets up the translation multicast group of a correspondence thus again, and set up a new tunnel to this MN forwarding multicasting grouping, receive for this MN and use;
Step 3, the multicast handoff procedure, contain following substep successively:
Step 3.1, this MN message interaction stage of the quick handoff protocol of mobile IP v 6 from the PrRtAdv message that the new AR of the required connection of this MN beams back, obtain the multicast handover information of this new AR, therefrom understand this new AR and whether support multicast;
Step 3.2, if this new AR supports multicast, this MN just sends to current AR to the multicast group option of the multicast group tabulation that has comprised the needs addings by the FBU message in the quick handoff protocol of described mobile IP v 6, and current AR is transmitted to new AR to this option by the HI message again; This new AR is used as a MLD to every multicast group information in the multicast group option respectively and joins request and handle by above-mentioned steps 2; After switching to new field network, MN just informs new AR by the FNA message that has added the multicast group option; After switching was finished, this MN was just the multicast agent of new AR as oneself, and corresponding, the DMA of this MN oneself also is revised as the DMA of new AR;
Step 3.3, if new AR does not support multicast:
For switching in the territory, this MN is that MA sends the MAKeep message that has comprised this MN Care-of Address of new configuration in new AR network to the zone agency, and this MA just sets up a tunnel to this Care-of Address after receiving, and by this tunnel forwarding multicasting grouping;
For switching between the territory, this MN sends the MAKeep message that has comprised this MN Care-of Address of new configuration in new AR network to the DMA under the new AR, selected DMA just joins corresponding multicast group after receiving, generate translation multicast group and broadcast group broadcast group corresponding relation, and come the forwarding multicasting grouping by newly-established tunnel to the new Care-of Address of this MN.
Described MN is multicastapackets between acceptance domain according to the following steps:
Step a, multicast group (*, G) grouping at first sends to described DMA by described multicast between fields forwarding tree, this DMA query region multicast group correspondence table obtains corresponding translation multicast group (DMA, G '), again former multicastapackets and source address and multicast address are revised as DMA and G ' respectively, and transmit this translation multicastapackets by the translation multicast transmit tree in the zone;
Step b, be connected to AR and DMA on the translation multicast transmit tree, there is node to belong to the former multicast group of this translation multicast group correspondence in case find the own subnet of being responsible for, perhaps need to transmit this multicastapackets to some node by the tunnel, just by regional multicast group correspondence table this translation multicastapackets is reduced to multicast group (*, G) form sends to corresponding member node.The present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the mobile multicast management by layering has shielded node moving in the territory, has alleviated caused multicast protocol expense of node motion and multicast tree jitter problem, has particularly guaranteed the stability of multicast between fields forwarding tree trunk.
(2) between the territory, use the long-range adding mode of switching based on fast multicast, avoided of the appearance of trans-regional length, guaranteed that the multicast forwarding path between the territory is optimum, thereby guaranteed the near-optimization of whole multicast forwarding path apart from the tunnel.
(3) by to existing basic suitable expansion of switching fast, by introducing a new option, i.e. multicast group option (mcastgroup option) has been realized fast between the territory, the multicast switching territory in, has also reduced switching packet loss problem thus.And this fast multicast handover mechanism is not introduced too much redundant multicastapackets and too much base station burden in the territory.
(4) in the territory, the present invention has realized the management of regional multicast agent DMA (Domain MulticastAgent) to whole regional multicast application by using the translation multicast group.Therefore, can in single site network, divide each zone flexibly, and to be not limited only to be the edge subnet in these zones.
(5) actual usability is stronger.When node motion when not supporting the subnet of multicast, the present invention still can provide multicast services for node.
The present invention is a comprehensive mobile multicast solution, and it is multicast overhead issues, router efficiency problem to the big problem of three in the mobile multicast, and switching delay and Loss Rate problem have all given to solve preferably.The result shows, the present invention has that packet loss rate is low, multicastapackets transmission efficiency height, and advantage such as multicast maintenance overhead is few, is a mobile multicast solution efficiently.
Description of drawings
The layered mobile multicasting structure of Fig. 1 .FHMM: AR1 supports multicast among the figure, have in the zone multicast group corresponding informance (*, G)＜-(DMA, G ') ,-→ process that the expression multicast group adds,
The process that the expression multicastapackets transmits,---the expression network connects.
Fig. 2 .MN adds the process of multicast group.
Fig. 3. the handoff procedure when EAR supports multicast.
Fig. 4. the multicastapackets Loss Rate compares:
The a.MN maximum rate is 30m/s, the result during the multicast group size variation;
B. the multicast group size is 30, the result when the MN maximum rate changes.
Fig. 5. the multicastapackets transmission efficiency compares:
The a.MN maximum rate is 30m/s, the result during the multicast group size variation;
B. the multicast group size is 30, the result when the MN maximum rate changes.
Fig. 6. multicast maintenance overhead compares:
The a.MN maximum rate is 30m/s, the result during the multicast group size variation;
B. the multicast group size is 30, the result when the MN maximum rate changes.
Embodiment
We at first introduce general status of the present invention.
FHMM is based on long-range adding algorithm, is primarily aimed at the two big subject matters that wherein exist, the switching delay problem, and multicast maintenance and multicast tree jitter problem have proposed solution.
For the switching delay problem, FHMM has proposed the fast multicast handover mechanism.It switches to the basis fast with existing mobile IP v 6, by suitable expansion, make node actual switch to new network before, this network has carried out corresponding processing to multicast, thereby realizes that fast multicast switches.And this fast multicast handover mechanism both can be used for switching in the territory, also can be used for switching between the territory.
For multicast expense and multicast tree jitter problem, FHMM has been alleviated this problem by the mobile multicast management of using layering.By layering, the external mobility of masked nodes realizes the not outer multicast transmit tree trunk of the domain of influence of the switching of mobile node in the territory, therefore can alleviate the multicast tree that node motion causes and shake and the too much problem of multicast protocol expense.In order to realize layered multicast, FHMM has adopted " translation multicast group " mechanism in the territory.This is because the multicast of layering requires in the zone multicast tree is to be root node with multicast management person, could guarantee the management of regional multicast management person like this to multicast in the whole zone, but because multicast need carry out inspection of reversal path, if therefore do not use " translation multicast group " mechanism, then layered multicast can only be applicable to and have only the edge network of an egress router, and this has obviously limited the application of multicast.By using " translation multicast group ", make FHMM without limits to dividing region, the keeper can also be at different network infrastructure (as cellular network or WLAN (wireless local area network)), Network Management attribute, and the actual operating state of network is divided convenient management flexibly to multicast domain.
Introduce the stratification multicast structure of FHMM then.
Two primary entities have been introduced among the FHMM, multicast agent MA (Multicast Agent) and regional multicast agent DMA (Domain Multicast Agent).MA is responsible for mobile node multicast services is provided, and it can be couple in router AR in the subnet, also can be certain application-specific entity of handling mobile transaction, and below we are unified narrates with AR.DMA is in charge of the multicast application of mobile node in the whole zone, and FHMM does not also require that all-ones subnet must support multicast, must be the router of supporting multicast but require DMA.By DMA, FHMM has realized the mobile multicast management of layering.On behalf of the node in the zone, DMA add/withdraw from multicast group, with multicast mode multicast packet is sent to node corresponding then in the territory.Therefore node when mobile, only needs notify DMA with change in location in the territory, revises simultaneously that multicast tree branch gets final product in the territory.This change in location information shields by DMA, can not impact overseas node, does not therefore need to revise the multicast transmit tree trunk between the territory.FHMM to the formation in zone without limits, the network manager can divide network flexibly, and selects DMA flexibly.
For realizing the mobile multicast management of layering, FHMM has adopted the mechanism of translation multicast group in the territory.Fig. 1 has shown the layered multicast structure of FHMM.(*, G) (FHMM can support simultaneously that (* is G) with (S, the G) multicast group of dual mode are convenient narration, and be below unified with (*, G) multicast group of form describes to multicast group in the zone.Here * represent uncertain, can be a plurality of multicast sources, S represents the multicast source node of certain characteristic, G is the sign of multicast group.) join request at first pass to the zone DMA (DMA among Fig. 1), DMA join multicast group (*, G), in the territory, set up simultaneously one translation multicast group (DMA, G '), and with multicast group corresponding informance { (*, G)＜-(DMA, G ') } AR in the zone broadcasts.After receiving this corresponding informance, those need join multicast group, and (*, AR G) joins translation multicast group (DMA, G ') by normal mode.All multicast group corresponding informances have been formed " regional multicast group correspondence table " in the zone, claim DTMG table (Domain Translate Multicast GroupTable) again.By inquiring about this table, AR can know whether DMA has joined certain multicast group, and the situation of this multicast group pairing translation multicast group in the territory.
Fig. 2 has shown that mobile node MN adds the process of multicast group.Among the FHMM, each AR needs to safeguard " the multicast handover information " of oneself, and it comprises the sign of the affiliated DMA of AR, and whether AR supports contents such as multicast.Obtain the multicast handover information of adjacent AR by information interaction (can realize) between the AR simultaneously, thereby constituted " multicast switching table " by modes such as expansion CARD (Candidate Access Router Discovery) agreements.
No matter MN is at home network or field network, when it need join multicast group, at first to current AR request " multicast handover information ", according to this information, MN can know whether current AR supports multicast for it.Ensuing adition process as shown in Figure 2.If the support multicast, then MN is with the MA of current AR as oneself, and the DMA of current AR is as the DMA of oneself.MN sends multicast group according to normal mode to AR and joins request, promptly MLD (Multicast Listener Discovery) message request join multicast group (*, G).AR at first inquires about the DTMG table, if find about (*, list item G) then directly join corresponding translation multicast group, and adition process finishes.If do not find relevant entries in the DTMG table, then AR is by a kind of new message, and promptly DMAReq is transmitted to DMA with this request.After receiving DMAReq message, DMA joins multicast group, and (* G), sets up the translation multicast group of a correspondence in the territory, and the AR of this multicast group corresponding informance in the zone broadcasted.After AR receives this corresponding informance, upgrade the DTMG table, and join the translation multicast group by normal mode.The multicast group adition process finishes.
If current AR do not support multicast, then MN is made as DMA under the AR with own MA and DMA, and by the tunnel to DMA transmission MAKeep message, comprised multicast group (*, information G) in this message.After DMA receives MAKeep message,, also need to set up a tunnel to MN except adding this multicast group, newly-built translation multicast group and broadcasting the information of this translation multicast group, and by dividing into groups to the MN forwarding multicasting in this tunnel.The multicast group adition process finishes.
Join after the multicast group, MN just can divide into groups by receiving group.We are the transport process that example is introduced multicastapackets with Fig. 1.Multicast group (*, G) grouping at first sends to DMA by the multicast between fields forwarding tree, DMA inquiry DTMG table obtains corresponding translation multicast group (DMA, G '), source address and multicast group address with former multicastapackets is revised as DMA and G ' respectively then, thereby multicastapackets is converted into (DMA, G ') translation multicastapackets.DMA transmits this translation multicastapackets by the translation multicast transmit tree in the zone.If AR on the translation multicast tree and DMA find that it is the member of this group that the own subnet of being responsible for has node, or need be by the tunnel to some node forwarding multicasting grouping, just will translate multicastapackets by inquiry DTMG table and be reduced to that (*, G) form send to corresponding member node then.This moment MN just normally receiving group divided into groups.Therefore for MN, it remains according to normal mode receiving group grouping.This also is one of advantage of FHMM.
Introduce the multicast handoff procedure among the FHMM below in detail.
Will link to each other with a new AR (being called for short EAR, expected AR) simultaneously when MN detects it by modes such as link layer detections, MN starts the fast multicast handoff procedure of FHMM.The fast multicast of FHMM switches based on existing quick handoff protocol FMIP6, by introducing a new option, be multicast group option (mcast group option), make EAR can join the multicast group of appointment in advance, thereby make MN receiving group grouping fast when switching to new network.
The handoff procedure of FHMM has wherein mainly shown the situation when EAR supports multicast as shown in Figure 3.The literal of italicized item all is the basic operations in the existing quick handoff protocol of mobile IP v 6 (FMIP6) among the figure, and the black literal in the parantheses then is the expansion of FHMM to it.In the phase I of FMIP6, i.e. RtSolPr and PrRtAdv message interaction stage, FHMM expands the PrRtAdv message, makes MN not only can obtain the essential informations such as network address prefix of EAR, can also obtain its " multicast handover information ".By this information, MN can know whether EAR supports multicast, and the DMA sign by contrast EAR and own under the sign of DMA, MN can judge this time switch will occur in the territory in or the territory between.
Handoff procedure when 1) EAR supports multicast
As shown in Figure 3, FHMM has introduced the multicast group option to FMIP6, has comprised the multicast group tabulation that needs add in this option.MN sends to current AR with this option by the FBU message, and current AR is transmitted to EAR by the HI message with this option again.EAR is used as every multicast group information in the multicast group option as a MLD respectively and joins request and handle (the same Fig. 2 of processing procedure).After MN switched to new field network, FMIP6 made that by using the FNA message MN can be fast with this link information notice EAR.In order to improve robustness, FHMM has also added the multicast group option in the FNA message.Like this, because translational speed is too fast can't in time send the FBU message time, MN also can notify EAR to join relevant multicast group after switching new network as early as possible as MN.After switching was finished, the MA of MN was revised as EAR, and DMA is revised as the DMA of EAR.The fast multicast handoff procedure finishes.
Handoff procedure when 2) EAR does not support multicast
If MN learns that by " multicast handover information " in the PrRtAdv message EAR does not support multicast, then Yu Xia FMIP6 process remains unchanged, and promptly no longer adds the multicast group option.After finishing the Care-of Address that disposes the EAR network in advance by FMIP6, MN still carries out different operations according to switching to occur between the territory in the territory:
For switching in the territory, MN sends MAKeep message to MA, and this message has comprised the Care-of Address of MN new configuration in the EAR network.After MA receives MAKeep message, set up a tunnel to this Care-of Address, and by this tunnel forwarding multicasting grouping.The multicast handoff procedure finishes, and MA and the DMA of MN remain unchanged.
For switching between the territory, the DMA (be called for short EDMA) of MN under EAR sends MAKeep message, and this message has comprised the Care-of Address of MN new configuration in the EAR network.After receiving MAKeep message, the operation of EDMA and operation shown in Figure 2 are identical.Promptly join corresponding multicast group, generate translation multicast group, broadcast group broadcast group corresponding relation, and set up a tunnel to the new Care-of Address of MN, and by this tunnel forwarding multicasting grouping.When MN is actual switch to the EAR network after, its MA and DMA all are revised as EDMA.
Because above multicast group adds and the multicast tree renewal process is to carry out before switching to new field network in that MN is actual, the multicast switching delay and the packet loss of initiation have thus therefore been reduced.In addition for the correct multicast group state of safeguarding, AR/DMA also needs to comprise regular inquiry to the multicast forwarding tunnel to group membership's regular inquiry, if do not receive any answer message within a certain period of time, then AR/DMA will delete this multicast forwarding tunnel.
At present, we have verified the various aspects of performance of this solution by a large amount of simulated experiments, comprise multicastapackets Loss Rate, multicastapackets transmission efficiency and multicast maintenance overhead, illustrate that all this scheme has good performance.
We contrast FHMM solution and prior protocols (MobiCast, MIP-RS and MIP-BT) based on discrete event simulator Omnet++.The topology of simulated environment is one 10 * 10 a mesh network, and each point in the network has been represented the couple in router AR of a subnet.The coverage of AR is 71 meters, and the distance between the AR is 100 meters.Be relatively convenient, we suppose that the all-ones subnet in the network all supports multicast here, and AR is exactly the multicast router of subnet.For the scheme of layering, we have added 4 routers as DMA in topology, and each DMA is in charge of the individual AR in 25 (5 * 5).
What we simulated is to have only a multicast group, this multicast group to have only the situation of a multicast source.Multicast source is used for simulating the more multicast videoconference of resource occupation every multicastapackets that length is 300 bytes of 20 milliseconds of transmissions.Mobile node is randomly dispersed in the mesh network during beginning, its mobility model uses is mobility model Random Waypoint MobilityModel at random, MN selects a destination at random before promptly each the moving in the zone of simulation, from speed interval [minSpeed, maxSpeed] in select movement rate at random, then MN just moves to the destination of new selection with speed that this is selected.Arrive back MN and wait for one period of selecting at random, repeat above-mentioned motion process then.We suppose that link is reliably in addition, and multicastapackets is only lost because switching causes.
In our simulation, the quantity of mobile node and largest motion speed are variable elements, and its excursion is respectively 5 to 80, and 5 meter per second to 30 meter per seconds.
Fig. 4 is the comparison to the multicastapackets Loss Rate.As can be seen, FHMM is because the mechanism of having used fast multicast to switch when switching in the territory and between the territory, so its packet loss rate is minimum.The packet loss rate of MobiCast is also very low, but because its only uses fast multicast to switch in the territory, still adopts general multicast scheme (we select for use be MIP-RS) between the territory, and therefore whole packet loss rate will be higher than FHMM.The packet loss of MIP-BT is the most serious because each switch new Care-of Address to be configured such as back MN needs and with this address behind the HA Binding Update, the multicastapackets that could forward from the HA reception.MIP-RS is owing to the Binding Update that does not need to wait for to HA, therefore the situation of packet loss is better than MIP-BT, particularly when new field network has joined multicast group, MIP-RS such as also need not at new Care-of Address to be configured, can directly receive grouping by the link layer multicast.Therefore its packet loss rate obviously reduces along with increasing of multicast member.
Fig. 5 has compared the transmission efficiency of multicastapackets.Because thereby multicastapackets need cause multicast forwarding path to be far from optimum by the HA transfer, and this tunnel style makes multicast develop into clean culture to a certain extent in MIP-BT, so the multicast transmission efficiency is minimum.MIP-RS is owing to the multicast tree that always is to use optimum is transmitted, so forward efficiency is the highest.Therefore FHMM has introduced redundant data transmissions owing to need the one or more EAR of prior notice to join multicast group and buffered packet in advance, and the multicast transmission efficiency will be lower than MIP-RS.But, because FHMM does not need to notify as MobiCast all AR in the DVM territory to add multicast group and buffered packet, so forward efficiency will be higher than MobiCast.
Fig. 6 is the comparison of multicast maintenance overhead.Here, multicast maintenance overhead comprise promising maintaining state of multicast group member and multicast transmit tree and mutual grouping, but do not comprise other types grouping multicast information incidentally, for example multicast group option information among the FMIP6 and basic mobile IP v 6 divide into groups or the like.As seen in Figure 6, the multicast maintenance overhead minimum of MIP-BT, because it only requires that HA follows the tracks of the current location of MN, and this just can finish by basic mobile IP v 6 grouping, does not need mutual extra multicastapackets.The expense of FHMM is between MIP-BT and MIP-RS.MobiCast is owing to introduced the information interaction (switching in the DVM territory of causing the back a large amount of information interaction between the AR as each) of large amount of complex, so the multicast maintenance overhead problem is the most serious.
The comprehensive simulation result as can be seen, the scheme FHMM that the present invention proposes has that packet loss rate is low, multicastapackets transmission efficiency height, and advantage such as multicast maintenance overhead is few, therefore it is multicast overhead issues, router efficiency problem to three aspect problems in the mobile multicast, and switching delay and Loss Rate problem all given to solve preferably, be an integral body, mobile multicast solution efficiently
This shows that the present invention has reached intended purposes.
Claims (2)
1. the layered mobile multicasting method that switches based on fast multicast is characterized in that, this method is that the basis is realized in the territory or fast multicast switching between the territory with the quick handoff protocol of mobile IP v 6, and it contains following steps successively:
Step 1 is set up stratification multicast structure in single site network
In the zone of single site network, select a router of supporting multicast as regional multicast agent, represent with DMA, this DMA is the root node of multicast tree in the territory, on behalf of the node in the zone, described DMA add or withdraws from multicast group, in the zone, multicast packet is sent to respective nodes then with multicast mode, when node moves in the territory and when causing change in location, only need change in location notice corresponding D MA, revise multicast tree branch in the territory by this DMA, just make this change in location information between the territory, obtain shielding by DMA; Couple in router AR with subnet expands as multicast agent again, represents with MA, provides multicast services to be responsible for mobile node, this MA or an application-specific entity of handling mobile transaction; Multicast group in the territory (
*, joining request when being delivered to the DMA in described zone G), this DMA just join this multicast group (
*, G), in the zone, dynamically generate simultaneously a translation multicast group, represent with (DMA, G '), and the multicast group corresponding informance (
*, G)＜-(DMA, G ') each AR in the zone broadcasts, receive this corresponding informance after, those need join multicast group (
*, AR G) just joins this translation multicast group (DMA, G ') by normal mode;
All multicast group corresponding informances have been formed regional multicast group correspondence table in institute's favored area, represent with DTMG, by inquiring about this table, any one AR separate the DMA that will look for and whether joined certain multicast group, and this multicast group corresponding in the zone be which translates multicast group;
Step 2, the mobile node of representing with MN joins multicast group
Step 2.1, safeguard one group of multicast handover information among each AR in the zone, whether sign and this AR comprising DMA under this AR support multicast, obtain the multicast handover information of adjacent AR by the information interaction agreement between each AR simultaneously, thereby between each AR, constituted the multicast switching table;
Step 2.2, mobile node adds multicast group
Step 2.2.1, no matter when being positioned at the mobile node of which network and need joining multicast group, this MN is the request of the couple in router AR in current sub network multicast handover information at first, whether supports multicast so that know current AR;
Step 2.2.2, if current AR supports multicast, then this MN just sends multicast to current AR and joins request, and represents with MLD message; If current AR does not support multicast, just change step 2.2.4 over to;
Step 2.2.3, this moment, MN was with the MA of current AR as oneself, and the DMA of current AR is as the DMA of oneself; If current AR by regional multicast group correspondence table find relevant multicast group (
*, G), this MN just directly joins corresponding translation multicast group; Otherwise current AR sends the DMAReq request message to the DMA of oneself, by this DMA add this multicast group (
*, G), and the zone in newly-built one the translation multicast group, through the current AR of regional broadcast announcement, this AR the renewal regional multicast group correspondence table after, add this translation multicast group according to normal mode;
Step 2.2.4, this moment, MN was made as DMA under the AR with own MA and DMA, by the tunnel to the DMA of current AR transmission contain multicast group (
*, information G), described DMA just add this multicast group (
*, G), set up the translation multicast group of a correspondence thus again, and set up a new tunnel to this MN forwarding multicasting grouping, receive for this MN and use;
Step 3, the multicast handoff procedure, contain following substep successively:
Step 3.1, this MN message interaction stage of the quick handoff protocol of mobile IP v 6 from the PrRtAdv message that the new AR of the required connection of this MN beams back, obtain the multicast handover information of this new AR, therefrom understand this new AR and whether support multicast;
Step 3.2, if this new AR supports multicast, this MN just sends to current AR to the multicast group option of the multicast group tabulation that has comprised the needs addings by the FBU message in the quick handoff protocol of described mobile IP v 6, and current AR is transmitted to new AR to this option by the HI message again; This new AR is used as a MLD to every multicast group information in the multicast group option respectively and joins request and handle by above-mentioned steps 2; After switching to new field network, MN just informs new AR by the FNA message that has added the multicast group option; After switching was finished, this MN was just the multicast agent of new AR as oneself, and corresponding, the DMA of this MN oneself also is revised as the DMA of new AR;
Step 3.3, if new AR does not support multicast:
For switching in the territory, this MN is that MA sends the MAKeep message that has comprised this MN Care-of Address of new configuration in new AR network to the zone agency, and this MA just sets up a tunnel to this Care-of Address after receiving, and by this tunnel forwarding multicasting grouping;
For switching between the territory, this MN sends the MAKeep message that has comprised this MN Care-of Address of new configuration in new AR network to the DMA under the new AR, selected DMA just joins corresponding multicast group after receiving, generate translation multicast group and broadcast group broadcast group corresponding relation, and come the forwarding multicasting grouping by newly-established tunnel to the new Care-of Address of this MN.
2. the layered mobile multicasting method that switches based on fast multicast according to claim 1 is characterized in that described MN is multicastapackets between acceptance domain according to the following steps:
Step a, multicast group (
*G) grouping at first sends to described DMA by described multicast between fields forwarding tree, this DMA query region multicast group correspondence table obtains corresponding translation multicast group (DMA, G '), again former multicastapackets and source address and multicast address are revised as DMA and G ' respectively, and transmit this translation multicastapackets by the translation multicast transmit tree in the zone;
Step b, be connected to AR and DMA on the translation multicast transmit tree, there is node to belong to the former multicast group of this translation multicast group correspondence in case find the own subnet of being responsible for, perhaps need to transmit this multicastapackets to some node by the tunnel, just by regional multicast group correspondence table this translation multicastapackets be reduced to multicast group (
*, form G) sends to corresponding member node.
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