CN1744351A - Protection component, protection device, battery set and portable electronic device - Google Patents
Protection component, protection device, battery set and portable electronic device Download PDFInfo
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- CN1744351A CN1744351A CNA2005100966554A CN200510096655A CN1744351A CN 1744351 A CN1744351 A CN 1744351A CN A2005100966554 A CNA2005100966554 A CN A2005100966554A CN 200510096655 A CN200510096655 A CN 200510096655A CN 1744351 A CN1744351 A CN 1744351A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The protector is constituted of a switching circuit, which is connected in parallel to a charging circuit supplying electric power and is energized by a voltage higher than the threshold voltage, a heating element connected in series with the switching circuit, and a thermally actuated element, having a structure which switches the supply of electric power by means of the heating itself by the supply of power or the heat from the heating element, to the heating element. The protector is arranged in an optional position of the electronic equipment. The switching circuit is connected with the main circuit in parallel and energized by a voltage higher than the threshold voltage. The thermally actuated element switches to the heating element from the main circuit by the heat from the heating element.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of guard block, protective device, battery pack and portable electric appts; detailed says, relates to guard block, the protective circuit of the secondary cell when suppressing charging, the secondary battery of the guard block when having charging and the portable electric appts with the defencive function when charging.
Background technology
For the secondary cell that can discharge and recharge is powered, and the use charger, if but have the overcharge condition that reaches secondary cell, or stream has overcurrent in the secondary cell, then secondary cell can deform, problem such as can break under the worst situation and on fire.
For example, as secondary cell, in mobile devices such as mobile phone in the employed lithium rechargeable battery, if because of overcharge, the caused outer voltage/currents of standard that loaded such as fault of charger, then battery can be out of shape.Perhaps,, make short circuit between the terminal, then stream can take place in the battery, make accidents such as battery distortion by overcurrent just in case battery terminal portion contacted by conductor.
For such problem, the spy opens the 2002-540756 communique, the spy opens and put down in writing the device that is used for protecting the element that can recharge in the 2001-44003 communique.
Contrast Figure 12 describes the charging device that uses existing protective circuit.
Among Figure 12, the battery 101 and the Zener diode 102 that can recharge are connected in parallel, and constitute parallel circuits.In addition, this parallel circuits and protection component 103 are connected in series.This protection component 103, for the effect of protection components such as fuse, PTC 103 is quickened, and with Zener diode 102 thermal couplings.In addition, charging part 105 is in parallel with the circuit of Zener diode 102 with protection component 103, and the positive pole of this charger 105 and negative pole and protection component 103 are connected with smart circuit 106.
But; in the above-mentioned protective circuit, because the heating of Zener diode 102 is moved protection component 103, but under the action of protection component 103 causes situation that the voltage of battery 101 descends; the caloric value of Zener diode 102 reduces, and protection component 103 might be given full play to function.
And protective circuit also has other elements except the semiconductor integrated circuit as smart circuit 106, so area increases.
And then contrast Figure 25 uses the charging device of existing protective circuit to describe to another.
In the circuit diagram of Figure 25; protection component 20A is characterised in that; constitute by 1 ptc material and at least two electrodes disposed thereon; the effect of two above PTC elements of this ptc material performance; in this protective circuit; terminal A1, A2 are connected with the electrode terminal of protected devices such as lithium ion battery, and terminal B1, B2 are connected with the electrode terminal of charger etc.
In addition, in this protective circuit, use FET as switch element, the source terminal S/ drain terminal D of FET connects with 2PTC element 1b, and they are in parallel with 1PTC element 1a.
In addition, the gate terminal G of FET is connected with the IC of the terminal voltage that detects protected circuit, and IC controls the current potential of the gate terminal G of FET corresponding to the value of the terminal voltage of detected protected circuit.Also promptly, do not detect under the unusual situation at IC, when promptly the terminal voltage of protected circuit was lower than given voltage, IC allowed FET be in conducting state, thereby FET can switch on to 2PTC element 1b.Therefore, flow through electric current corresponding to its resistance value to 1PTC element 1a and 2PTC element 1b both sides this moment.In addition, under making two the situation of PCT element 1a, 1b energising like this when having produced overcurrent, the disconnection by each PTC element 1a, 1b suppresses electric current.
Relative therewith, detect under the unusual situation at IC, the terminal voltage that also is protected circuit is that IC allows FET be in cut-off state under the situation of the above overvoltage of given voltage, cuts off from the energising of FET to 2PTC element 1b.Consequently, when generation is unusual, only give 1PTC element 1a energising, 1PTC element 1a is because of electrical current disconnection rapidly.
Such art protective circuits by allowing PCT disconnect, can be carried out additives for overcharge protection when additives for overcharge protection.
Also promptly, the protective circuit of conventional art when additives for overcharge protection, can be carried out additives for overcharge protection by allowing PTC disconnect, but in fact, because of the increase of PCT impedance has limited overcharge current, thus small electric fluidisation just.
Therefore; said additives for overcharge protection state is meant in the conventional art; continue the overcharge condition of Weak current; under the situation that additives for overcharge protection in the prior art continues for a long time; finally might take place secondary cell distortion, expand, break, on fire; additives for overcharge protection circuit and parts thereof as on the strictness meaning can be described as a kind of incomplete technology.
As mentioned above, for additives for overcharge protection, need a kind of protective circuit, the parts that can eliminate charging current fully.
In addition, also require preferably can reuse for protection component, so the protection of secondary cell and electronic device circuitry, avoid using the formed fuse of low-melting metal etc. as far as possible.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of basic function that can satisfy the overcharging of secondary cell, overcurrent protection, and can realize the simplification of circuit, protecting secondary battery parts, apparatus for protection of secondary battery, secondary battery and the portable electric appts of miniaturization.
The 1st mode of protective device of the present invention has:
Switching circuit, it is in parallel with the circuit of powering, and the above voltage of passing threshold voltage carries out conducting;
At least 1 heater element of connecting with said switching circuit; And
The thermal strain element, it has by the caused self-heating of above-mentioned power supply, or from the heat of above-mentioned heater element, and structure to above-mentioned heater element is switched in above-mentioned power supply.
The 2nd mode of protective device of the present invention is characterised in that, is arranged on the optional position of electronic equipment; Said switching circuit is in parallel with main circuit, and the above voltage of passing threshold voltage carries out conducting; Above-mentioned thermal strain element has the heating by self, switches to the structure of above-mentioned heater element from above-mentioned main circuit.
The 3rd mode of protective device of the present invention is characterised in that, is arranged on the optional position of electronic equipment; Said switching circuit is in parallel with main circuit, and the above voltage of passing threshold voltage carries out conducting; Above-mentioned thermal strain element has by the heat from above-mentioned heater element, switches to the structure of above-mentioned heater element from above-mentioned main circuit.
The 4th mode of protective device of the present invention is characterised in that the supply source of above-mentioned electricity is a secondary cell, and said switching circuit is in parallel with charging circuit, and the above voltage of passing threshold voltage carries out conducting; Above-mentioned thermal strain element has the heating by self, switches to the structure of above-mentioned heater element from above-mentioned secondary cell.
The 5th mode of protective device of the present invention is characterised in that the supply source of above-mentioned electricity is a secondary cell, and said switching circuit is in parallel with charging circuit, and the above voltage of passing threshold voltage carries out conducting; Above-mentioned thermal strain element has by the heat from above-mentioned heater element, above-mentioned electric energy is supplied with the structure that switches to above-mentioned heater element from above-mentioned secondary cell.
The 6th mode of protective device of the present invention is characterised in that, is a kind of comprising: be connected and switching circuit that voltage passing threshold voltage more than carry out conducting in parallel with above-mentioned charging circuit with the charging circuit to power supplies such as secondary cells; The 1st impedance component of connecting with said switching circuit; And the 2nd impedance component of connecting with above-mentioned charging circuit; Above-mentioned the 1st impedance component and above-mentioned the 2nd impedance component utilize the protective device by the guard block that at least 1 heater element constituted,
The protection voltage that the 2nd impedance component that has impedance Rb, an above-mentioned heater element at the 1st impedance component of establishing above-mentioned heater element has impedance Rb, an above-mentioned secondary cell is the voltage of X, above-mentioned charging circuit when being Y, satisfies:
Ra/Rb＞(Y-X)/X。
The 7th mode of protective device of the present invention is characterised in that, is a kind of switching circuit that carries out conducting with voltage in parallel to the charging circuit of power supplies such as secondary cell and more than the passing threshold voltage that utilizes; At least 1 heater element that the 1st impedance component of connecting with said switching circuit and the 2nd impedance component are constituted; And have by the caused self-heating of above-mentioned power supply, or from the heat of above-mentioned heater element, protective device to the thermal strain element of the structure of above-mentioned heater element is switched in above-mentioned power supply,
The 1st impedance component of establishing above-mentioned heater element have impedance Rb, the 2nd impedance component have impedance Rb, in order to be that the protection voltage of I, secondary cell is the voltage of X, charging circuit when being Y by minimum value to the needed electric current of heater element being switched in above-mentioned power supply from the heat of above-mentioned heater element, satisfy:
Ra/Rb＞(Y-X)/X ...①
Ra+Rb＜X/I ...②
Ra＞0 ...③
Rb＞0 ...④。
The 8th mode of protective device of the present invention is characterised in that above-mentioned thermal strain element switches to after the above-mentioned heater element, can keep the state of above-mentioned thermal strain element by the heating of above-mentioned heater element self, cuts off the charging circuit of above-mentioned secondary cell.
The 9th mode of protective device of the present invention is characterised in that above-mentioned thermal strain element is the bimetal release that cuts off the current channel from above-mentioned charging circuit to above-mentioned heater element by heating.
The 10th mode of protective device of the present invention is characterised in that; above-mentioned bimetal release; has the movable conductor piece that is electrically connected with above-mentioned secondary cell through contact; and bimetallic; it has the concave surface that is arranged on the above-mentioned heater element; and allow because of being heated this concave surface towards upset, by like this, the electrical connection of above-mentioned movable conductor piece is switched to above-mentioned heater element from above-mentioned secondary cell
The 11st mode of protective device of the present invention is characterised in that above-mentioned movable conductor piece and above-mentioned bimetallic are integrally formed.
The 12nd mode of protective device of the present invention is characterised in that above-mentioned heater element is a semistor.
The 13rd mode of protective device of the present invention is characterised in that to have 3 electrodes in 1 above-mentioned heater element at least.
The 14th mode of protective device of the present invention is characterised in that said switching circuit is a Zener diode.
The 15th mode of protective device of the present invention is characterised in that; said switching circuit; voltage detecting circuit by the voltage that detects above-mentioned secondary cell; and under the output voltage from above-mentioned voltage detecting circuit was state more than the threshold voltage, the field-effect transistor that becomes conducting state constituted.
The 16th mode of protective device of the present invention is characterised in that, between above-mentioned voltage detecting circuit and the above-mentioned field-effect transistor, also constitutes the comparator that suppresses or prevent electric current.
The 17th mode of protective device of the present invention is characterised in that, above-mentioned thermal strain element and above-mentioned heater element hot link, and leave in 1 housing.
The 18th mode of protective device of the present invention is characterised in that, above-mentioned thermal strain element and above-mentioned heater element hot link, and above-mentioned thermal strain element and above-mentioned heater element and switching circuit leave in 1 housing.
The 19th mode of protective device of the present invention is characterised in that, in the surface of above-mentioned housing, exposes respectively battery side terminal that is electrically connected with above-mentioned secondary cell and the charging part side terminal that is electrically connected with above-mentioned charging circuit are installed.
The 1st mode of secondary battery of the present invention is characterised in that, above-mentioned protective device is connected to form with above-mentioned secondary battery and is one, and exposes the charged side terminal that is electrically connected with outside charging circuit is installed.
The 1st mode of portable electric appts of the present invention is characterised in that to have above-mentioned protective device.
The 1st mode of protecting secondary battery parts of the present invention is characterised in that to have: through the movable conductor piece of contact electrical connection; At least 1 heater element that generates heat by the electric current that is flow through in the said switching circuit; Bimetallic, itself and above-mentioned heater element hot link, the concave surface with reverses direction by heating by the upset of this concave surface, with the electrical connection of above-mentioned movable conductor piece, switches to above-mentioned heater element from above-mentioned secondary cell; At least plural holding components, it supports above-mentioned heater element, and this heater element is electrically connected with outside terminal; And pressing component, it is pushed above-mentioned heater element to above-mentioned holding components.
The 2nd mode of protecting secondary battery parts of the present invention is characterised in that above-mentioned bimetallic and above-mentioned movable conductor piece are integrally formed.
The 3rd mode of protecting secondary battery parts of the present invention is characterised in that above-mentioned pressing component is formed in the jut in the above-mentioned housing.
The 4th mode of protecting secondary battery parts of the present invention is characterised in that above-mentioned pressing component is the part of above-mentioned movable conductor piece.
Description of drawings
The circuit diagram of the state that Fig. 1 couples together secondary cell and charging circuit with protective circuit via the relevant secondary cell of the 1st execution mode of the present invention for explanation.
Fig. 2 is the cutaway view of the relevant secondary cell of the 1st execution mode of the present invention with employed thermal protector in the protective circuit.
Fig. 3 is the exploded perspective view of the relevant secondary cell of the 1st execution mode of the present invention with employed thermal protector in the protective circuit.
Fig. 4 is the cutaway view of the thermal protector of the relevant secondary battery protection circuit of explanation the 2nd execution mode of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the stereogram of the movable conductor piece of the thermal protector of the relevant secondary battery protection circuit of explanation the 2nd execution mode of the present invention.
The circuit diagram of the state that Fig. 6 couples together secondary cell and charging circuit with protective circuit via the relevant secondary cell of the 3rd execution mode of the present invention for explanation.
Fig. 7 is the cutaway view of the relevant secondary cell of the 3rd execution mode of the present invention with employed thermal protector in the protective circuit.
Fig. 8 is the cutaway view of the relevant secondary cell of the 4th execution mode of the present invention with employed thermal protector in the protective circuit.
The circuit diagram of the state that Fig. 9 couples together secondary cell and charging circuit with protective circuit via the relevant secondary cell of the 5th execution mode of the present invention for explanation.
Another circuit diagram of the state that Figure 10 couples together secondary cell and charging circuit with protective circuit via the relevant secondary cell of the 5th execution mode of the present invention for explanation.
Figure 11 is the exploded perspective view of the relevant secondary battery of explanation embodiments of the present invention.
The circuit diagram of the state that Figure 12 couples together secondary cell and charging circuit with protective circuit via the relevant secondary cell of conventional art for explanation.
The circuit diagram of the state that Figure 13 couples together secondary cell and charging circuit with protective circuit via the relevant secondary cell of the 6th execution mode of the present invention for explanation.
The circuit diagram of the state that Figure 14 couples together secondary cell and charging circuit with protective circuit via the relevant secondary cell of the 7th execution mode of the present invention for explanation.
Figure 15 is the cutaway view of the relevant secondary cell of the 8th execution mode of the present invention with employed thermal protector in the protective circuit.
Figure 16 is the cutaway view of the relevant secondary cell of the 9th execution mode of the present invention with employed thermal protector in the protective circuit.
Figure 17 is the cutaway view of the relevant secondary cell of the 10th execution mode of the present invention with employed thermal protector in the protective circuit.
The circuit diagram of the state that Figure 18 couples together secondary cell and charging circuit with protective circuit via the relevant secondary cell of the 11st execution mode of the present invention for explanation.
The circuit diagram of the state that Figure 19 couples together secondary cell and charging circuit with protective circuit via the relevant secondary cell of the 12nd execution mode of the present invention for explanation.
The circuit diagram of the state that Figure 20 couples together secondary cell and charging circuit with protective circuit via the relevant secondary cell of the 13rd execution mode of the present invention for explanation.
Another circuit diagram of the state that Figure 21 couples together secondary cell and charging circuit with protective circuit via the relevant secondary cell of the 13rd execution mode of the present invention for explanation.
The circuit diagram of the state that Figure 22 couples together secondary cell and charging circuit with protective circuit via the relevant secondary cell of the 14th execution mode of the present invention for explanation.
The circuit diagram of the state that Figure 23 couples together secondary cell and charging circuit with protective circuit via the relevant secondary cell of the 15th execution mode of the present invention for explanation.
The circuit diagram of the state that Figure 24 couples together secondary cell and charging circuit with protective circuit via the relevant secondary cell of the 16th execution mode of the present invention for explanation.
Figure 25 uses the figure of the charging device of another protective circuit in the past for explanation.
Embodiment
The contrast accompanying drawing is elaborated to embodiments of the present invention below.
(the 1st execution mode)
The circuit diagram of the state that Fig. 1 (a) couples together secondary cell and charger with protective circuit via the relevant secondary cell of the 1st execution mode of the present invention for explanation, Fig. 1 (b) is the circuit diagram of a part that this secondary battery protection circuit is described.
Among Fig. 1 (a), secondary cell 1 is connected with dc charging circuit 2 through protective circuit 3 and charges.
Be in series with thermal protector 9 in the 2nd wiring 8.Thermal protector 9 has mutual hot linked bimetal release 10 and heater element 11.Bimetal release 10 is the thermal strain elements that change current channel by heat.
The 1st electrode 13a of PTC12 is connected with the 1st contact 10b of bimetal release 10, and the 2nd electrode 13b is connected with the 1st wiring 6 through the Zener diode 14 of switching circuit, and in addition, the 3rd electrode 13c of PTC12 is connected with the 2nd contact 10c of bimetal release 10.
In addition, heater element 11 and bimetal release 10 as Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, are in the housing and hot link.
Among Fig. 2, be the substantial middle place of the bottom surface of empty enclosure body 20 in inside, PTC12 be installed as heater element 11.The 1st electrode 13a and the 2nd electrode 13b are installed below the PTC12, the 3rd electrode 13c is installed above it.
The 1st electrode 13a of PTC12 is connected with the 1st lead terminal 22 of drawing outward by a side direction of enclosure body 20, and in addition, the 2nd electrode 13b of PTC12 is connected with the 2nd lead terminal 23 of outwards drawing by the opposite side of enclosure body 20.
On the PTC12, be provided with the counter-rotating central part and have roughly bimetal leaf 24 at the concave surface of central authorities.This bimetal leaf 24, concave surface is downward at normal temperatures, when rising to given temperature, thus the upwards upset of this concave surface bended, plan view shape is for omiting quadrangle, circle, ellipse etc.
In addition, bimetal leaf 24, be arranged to be in its edge at normal temperatures can with the protuberance 25 of enclosure body 20 around the PTC12 on be connected, in addition, under its concave surface was heated the situation of upset, the substantial middle position of bimetal leaf 24 contacted with the substantial middle of the 3rd electrode 13c of PTC12.In addition, bimetal leaf 24 has by concave upright upset, and its edge is with the shape of movable conductor piece 27 jack-up described later.
The opposite side of enclosure body 20 on the position of leaving upward from the 2nd lead terminal 23, connects the 3rd lead terminal 26 is installed.In addition, in the enclosure body 20, on the 3rd lead terminal 26, be connected with the stiff end of movable conductor piece 27, the convex travelling contact 28 below it is free-ended, under the downward state of the concave surface of bimetal leaf 24, contact with the fixed contact 22a of the 1st lead terminal 22.This movable conductor piece 27 and bimetal leaf 24 are equivalent to the movable conductor piece 10d of Fig. 1.In addition, the 1st lead terminal 22 is equivalent to the 1st contact 10c of the bimetal release 10 shown in Fig. 1, and the 3rd lead terminal 26 is equivalent to the fixing point 10a shown in Fig. 1, and bimetal leaf 24 is equivalent to the 2nd contact 10b of the bimetal release 10 shown in Fig. 1.
Below the movable conductor piece 27, be formed with bimetal leaf 24 contacted protuberance 27a with concave upright upset, also can weld electric conducting material, be used as this protuberance 27a by punching press.
The material of movable conductor piece 27 preferably uses the Cu-Be alloy, also can use conductive material, conductivity spring materials such as phosphor bronze, Cu-Ti alloy, packfong, brass, Cu-Ni-Si alloy.
In addition, the travelling contact 28 of movable conductor piece 27 and with the fixed contact 22a of these travelling contact 28 contacted the 1st lead terminals 22, preferred nickel-the silver alloy that uses, specifically, the preferred silver alloy that uses nickeliferous 10 quality % also can use copper-silver alloy, gold-silver alloy, carbon-silver alloy, tungsten-silver alloy etc.
In addition, constitute the material preferably copper of the 1st～the 3rd lead terminal 22,23,26, also can use conductive materials such as phosphor bronze, Cu-Ti alloy, Cu-Be alloy, packfong, brass, Cu-Ni-Si alloy.
Be closed by the open upper surface of lid 21 enclosure body 20.Enclosure body 20 and lid 21 use outstanding polyphenylene sulphur (PPS), liquid crystal polymer (LCP), the polybutylene terephthalate resins such as (PBT) of thermal endurance.Enclosure body 20 and lid 21 weld by ultrasonic bonding etc., by like this, PCT12, fixed contact 22a, travelling contact 28, movable conductor piece 27, bimetallic 24 etc. are enclosed in the housing 20,21.
In addition, the 1st lead terminal 22 is connected with the negative terminal of secondary cell 1, and the 2nd lead terminal 23 is connected with Zener diode 14, and the 3rd lead terminal 26 is connected with the negative terminal of charging circuit 2.
Next, to using above-mentioned protective circuit 3, charging circuit 2, secondary cell 1 is charged to be described.
At first; through protective circuit 3 secondary cell 1 is connected with charging circuit 2; under the state that normally charges; being in bimetal release 10 in Fig. 1 couples together the 1st contact 10b and fixing point 10a; allow the 2nd the wiring 8 conductings state; therefore, charging circuit 2 is powered to secondary cell 1 through the 1st wiring the 6 and the 2nd wiring 8.Charging voltage rises along with the process of time slowly from the charging beginning.
With reference to Fig. 2, Fig. 3 this state is described, bimetal leaf 24 is in the downward state of concave surface, and movable conductor piece 27 (10d) allows the 3rd lead terminal 26 conductings of the 1st lead terminal 22 with fixed contact 10a of the 1st contact 10b.Here, even bimetal leaf 24 with the 3rd electrode 13c conducting of movable conductor piece 27 with PTC12, because that PTC12 and movable conductor piece 27 are compared resistance is bigger, therefore can produce and allow the heat of bimetal leaf 24 upsets.
If this charging voltage becomes overcharge condition, loaded the above voltage of threshold value for the Zener diode 14 between the 1st wiring the 6 and the 2nd wiring 8, then in Zener diode 14, flow through from the 1st wiring 6 to the 2nd wiring 8 electric currents, by like this, among the PTC12 also stream electric current is arranged.
Consequently, the PTC12 heating, if its temperature has reached set-point, for example 80 ℃, the then concave surface of the bimetal leaf shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 24 upset, movable conductor piece 27 is by bimetal leaf 24 jack-up, leave from the 1st lead terminal 22, stop charging, simultaneously secondary cell 1, bimetal leaf is electrically connected movable conductor piece 17 (10d) with the 3rd electrode 13c of PTC12, switch in the part of PTC12.
Also be, among Fig. 1, if circulate reverse current in the Zener diode 14, then generate heat because of energising among PTC12a, the 12b, movable conductor piece 10d is with the fixing point 10a and the 2nd contact 10c conducting of bimetal release 10, with the 2nd the wiring 8 electric cut-outs, and then, through the 2nd the wiring 8 with bimetal release 10 to a side PTC12a inflow current.
Therefore, with the hot linked bimetal release 10 of 1PTC12a, carry out self-sustaining.In this case, the electricity during charging can return to charging circuit 12 with PTC12 through Zener diode 14.
In the overcharge condition of removing secondary cell 1, under the situation that Zener diode 14 ends, owing to be among the PTC12 and switch on, be in bimetal release 10 has been carried out heated state, therefore, bimetal release 10 is because the hysteresis characteristic of bimetal leaf 24 and therefore diverter switch at once not can be stablized and carry out work.
In addition, PTC12 not be because of Curie temperature can be higher than to fixed temperature, can not rise to allow the enclosure body 20 that resin makes or the temperature of lid 21 abnormal deformations or thawing.
The secondary cell 1 that electronic equipment is for example installed in the mobile phone generally is a lithium ion battery, and the charging modes of lithium ion battery is constant current, constant voltage mode.Therefore, by giving Zener diode 14 energisings, the resultant impedance of secondary cell 1 and PTC12 can be remained roughly certain value.
But, if because of the fault of charging circuit 2, thereby or charged side plus end 4a with charged side negative terminal 4b just in case through the conductor short circuit that contacts, then the overcurrent that circulates in the protective circuit 3, thereby in movable conductor piece 27, circulate overcurrent.In this case, movable conductor piece 27 self-heatings, bimetal leaf 24 is heated, therefore, by allowing the concave upright upset of bimetal leaf 24 like this, with movable conductor piece 27 jack-up, disconnect contacting of movable conductor piece 27 and the 1st lead terminal 22, cut-out simultaneously, is switched on through movable conductor piece 27 and bimetal leaf 24 (10d) among the 3rd electrode 13c of PTC12 to the charging of secondary cell 1.
By like this, the PTC12 heating keeps the state of movable conductor piece 27 constant, therefore, and concave upright state that can self-sustaining bimetal leaf 24.In addition, because PTC12 is a high impedance, even therefore energising also can prevent to become overcurrent to PTC12.In addition, if use the PTC12 with Curie point, then PTC12 can not send the heat that exceeds self needs.
In the above-mentioned protective circuit 3, if take off charging circuit 2, temperature becomes below the set-point, and for example below the room temperature, then movable conductor piece 27 (10d) restores, and comes back to the state that can charge.
(the 2nd execution mode)
Fig. 4 is the cutaway view of the thermal protector of the relevant protective circuit of explanation formation the 2nd execution mode of the present invention.Fig. 5 is the stereogram of the movable conductor piece of the thermal protector shown in the key diagram 4.Among Fig. 4, Fig. 5, the key element that the symbolic representation identical with Fig. 2 is identical.
Among Fig. 4, the substantial middle place in the bottom of enclosure body 21, identical with the 1st execution mode, PTC12 is installed.The 1st electrode 13a below this PTC12 is connected with the 1st lead terminal 22, and the 2nd electrode 13b below it is connected with the 2nd lead terminal 23.
The top of PTC12 is provided with movable conductor piece 27 and the bimetal leaf 24 integrated movable conductor pieces 20 that form with Fig. 2, Fig. 3.This movable conductor piece 30, for for example CuNi-Mn (Mn amount: about 50 quality %～75 quality %) or Cu-Zn etc. being arranged in height expansion side lamination, the bi-metal construction that Ni-Fe two kinds of materials such as (Ni amounts: about 30 quality %～50 quality %) are arranged in low bulk side lamination, in addition, as shown in Figure 5, has the flat shape that above PTC12, is extended to quadrangle, circle, ellipse etc., its expansion 30a bending, concave surface is downward at normal temperatures, forms invert center portion.
In the 1st end of this movable conductor piece 30, be equipped with and connect the travelling contact 31 that disconnects with the 1st lead terminal 22.In addition, the 2nd end of movable conductor piece 30 is connected with the 3rd lead terminal 26.
If in the protective circuit 3 shown in Fig. 1 (a), use such thermal protector 9; then under charged state; voltage exceeds the threshold value of Zener diode; thereby circulation Zener current; the PTC12 heating; allow the concave upright upset of the movable conductor piece 30 that bimetallic constituted, the 2nd contact 10c and the fixing point 10a that become the bimetal release 10 shown in Fig. 1 (a) couple together, and are in series with the state of the PTC12 of high impedance in the 2nd wiring 8.By like this, energising makes its persistent fever to PTC12, and movable conductor piece 30 (10d) carries out self-sustaining.
In addition; stream has under the situation of overcurrent in protective circuit 3; movable conductor piece 30 heatings in the thermal protector 9; heat by himself allows the concave surface of extension 30a overturn; the 2nd contact 10c and the fixing point 10a that become the bimetal release shown in Fig. 1 10 couple together; simultaneously, be in the state that is in series with the PTC12 of high impedance in the 2nd wiring 8.By like this, energising makes its persistent fever to PTC12, and movable conductor piece 30 (10d) carries out self-sustaining.
(the 3rd execution mode)
The circuit diagram that Fig. 6 couples together secondary cell and charger via the relevant protective circuit of the 3rd execution mode of the present invention for explanation, Fig. 7 is for illustrating the cutaway view of employed thermal protector in this protective circuit.Among Fig. 6, the key element that the symbolic representation identical with Fig. 1 is identical.
Among Fig. 6, secondary cell 1 is connected with dc charging circuit 2 through protective circuit 3 and charges.
Be in series with thermal protector 9 in the 2nd wiring 8.Thermal protector 9 has mutual hot linked bimetal release 10 and heater element 11.
In addition, heater element 11, has the circuit structure that is in series by two PTC12a, 12b, its the 1st electrode 13a is connected with the 2nd contact 10c of bimetal release 10, the 2nd electrode 13b is connected with the 1st wiring 6 through Zener diode 14, in addition, the 3rd electrode 13c of two PTC12a, 12b is connected with battery side negative terminal 5b.
In addition, the 1st and 2PTC12a, 12b and bimetal release 10, as shown in Figure 6, be in the housing and hot link.
Fig. 7 is the cutaway view of employed thermal protector 9 in the relevant protective circuit of explanation the 3rd execution mode of the present invention.
Among Fig. 7, thermal protector 9 has and leaves in 1 housing, and as the 1st and 2PTC12a, 12b and the bimetal leaf 24 hot linked structures of heater element.
1PTC12a is installed in the bottom surface that inside is the enclosure body 21 of sky.
Be installed in the 1st following electrode 13c of PTC12a, a sidepiece that connects enclosure body 21 is connected with the 1st lead terminal 32 of outwards drawing.
In addition, identical on the 1PTC12a with the 1st execution mode, be provided with the bimetal leaf 24 that the counter-rotating central part roughly is arranged on central authorities.This bimetal leaf 24, concave surface is downward at normal temperatures, under the state that is heated to given temperature, this concave upright upset, its plan view shape is for omiting quadrangle, circle, ellipse etc.
In addition, the opposite side of enclosure body 21 connects the 3rd lead terminal 26 is installed.In addition, the 3rd lead terminal 26 is provided with movable conductor piece 33.The stiff end of movable conductor piece 33 is connected with lead terminal 26, and this movable end has and can be connected the travelling contact 34 that separates with the 1st lead terminal 32.
This movable conductor piece 33, under the downward situation of the concave surface of bimetal leaf 24, in enclosure body 21, be connected with the 1st lead terminal 32, by this concave upright upset, lifted by bimetal leaf 24, leave, be electrically connected with the 1st electrode 13a of 1PTC12a through bimetal leaf simultaneously from the 1st lead terminal 32.
In addition, the material of movable conductor piece 33 preferably uses the Cu-Be alloy, also can use conductive material, conductivity spring materials such as phosphor bronze, Cu-Ti alloy, packfong, brass, Cu-Ni-Si alloy.
In addition, in the movable conductor piece 33, be formed with bimetal leaf 24 contacted projection 33a with concave upright upset, also can weld electric conducting material, be used as projection 33a by punch forming.
In addition, in the top lid 21 of covering shell body 20, the 2PTC12b that is arranged in the enclosure body 20 is installed.Be formed on the 3rd terminal 13d in the one side of 2PTC12b.Through be formed on lid 21 below wiring figure 35 be connected with the 1st lead terminal 32, in addition, be formed on the 2nd electrode 13b in the one side of 2PCT12b, be connected with the 2nd following lead terminal 23 that is installed in lid 21.The 2nd lead terminal 23 is drawn out to the outside of enclosure body 20.
The material that constitutes the 1st～the 3rd lead terminal 32,23,26 and wiring figure 35 is copper preferably, also can use conductive materials such as phosphor bronze, Cu-Ti alloy, Cu-Be alloy, packfong, brass, Cu-Ni-Si alloy.In addition, the travelling contact 34 of the fixed contact 32a of the 1st lead terminal 32 and movable conductor piece 33 preferably uses nickel-silver alloy, specifically, preferably use the silver alloy of nickeliferous 10 quality %, also can use copper-silver alloy, gold-silver alloy, carbon-silver alloy, tungsten-silver alloy etc.
Constitute the material of enclosure body 20 and lid 21, use the resin identical with the 1st execution mode.Enclosure body 20 and lid 21 weld by ultrasonic bonding etc.
If use above protective circuit 3; under the situation of normally carrying out to the charging of secondary cell 1; in thermal protector 9; not can from the 1st and 2PTC12a, 12b produce and to allow the heat of concave upright upset of bimetal leaf 24, therefore the 1st lead terminal 32 and the 3rd lead terminal 26 are electrically connected through movable conductor piece 33.Also promptly, in the bimetal release 10 shown in Fig. 6, fixing point 10a and the 1st contact 10b are electrically connected through movable conductor piece 33 (10d), thereby allow the 2nd conducting of connecting up by Low ESR.
Relative therewith, under overcharge condition, by the Zener current that in Zener diode 14, flows, allow 2PTC12b generate heat, make the concave upright upset of bimetal leaf 24, by like this, the travelling contact 34 of movable conductor piece 33 leaves from the fixed contact 32a of the 1st lead-in wire 32, simultaneously, movable conductor piece 33 is electrically connected with the 1st electrode 13a of 1PTC12a through bimetal leaf 24.
By like this, become the state that in the 2nd wiring 8, is in series with the 1PTC12a of high impedance.And, switch among the 1PTC12a, the 1PTC12a heating, the concave upright state of maintenance bimetal leaf 24, therefore movable conductor piece 33 carries out self-sustaining.
In addition; in protective circuit 3, be connected with under the situation of overcurrent; movable conductor piece 33 heatings in the thermal protector 9; allow the concave upright upset of bimetal leaf 24 by this heat; the 2nd contact 10c that becomes bimetal release 10 is electrically connected with fixing point 10a; simultaneously, in the 2nd wiring 8, be in series with the state of the 1PTC12a of high impedance.By like this, heating power in 1PTC12a keeps the state that the 2nd contact 10c and the fixing point 10 of bimetal release 10 is coupled together by movable conductor piece 24.
(the 4th execution mode)
Fig. 8 is the cutaway view of the thermal protector of the relevant protective circuit of explanation formation the 4th execution mode of the present invention.Among Fig. 8, the key element that the symbolic representation identical with Fig. 7 is identical.
Among Fig. 8, the substantial middle place in the bottom of enclosure body 20, identical with the 3rd execution mode, 1PTC12a is installed, the 3rd electrode 13c of 1PTC12a downside is connected with the 1st lead terminal 32.The bottom of this enclosure body 20 is provided with the switching circuit 39 that is connected in the 2nd lead-in wire 23, and for example Zener diode 14.Like this switching circuit 39 is built in the structure in the enclosure body 20, also goes for above-mentioned execution mode and aftermentioned execution mode.
On the 1PTC12a, be provided with the movable conductor piece 30 of shape as shown in Figure 5.This movable conductor piece 30 has to be provided with can be connected the 1st end of the travelling contact 28 that leaves with the 1st lead terminal 32 in enclosure body 20, and is fixedly connected on the 2nd end in the 2nd lead terminal 26.This movable conductor piece 30 is made of bimetallic, has the flat shape that is extended to quadrangle, circle, ellipse etc. above 1PTC12a, and its expansion 30a has the downward invert center portion of concave surface at normal temperatures.
In addition, below the lid 21 on covering shell body 20, identical with the 3rd execution mode, 2PTC12b is installed, the 3rd terminal 13d of 2PTC12b, the wiring figure 35 below lid, be connected with the 1st lead terminal 32, in addition, the 2nd terminal 13b of 2PCT12b is connected with the 3rd lead terminal 23 of drawing below lid 21.
If such thermal protector 9 is used for the protective circuit 3 shown in Fig. 6; under overcharge condition; by the Zener current that in Zener diode 14, circulates; allow 2PTC12b generate heat; make the concave upright upset of the formed movable conductor piece 30 of bimetallic; the 2nd contact 10c of bimetal release 10 is connected with fixing point 10a, and simultaneously, the 1st electrode 13a with 1PTC12a is electrically connected with the 3rd lead terminal 26 through movable conductor piece 30.
By like this, become the state that in the 2nd wiring 8 as shown in Figure 6, is in series with the 1PTC12a of high impedance, continue heating power among the 1PTC12a, the state that self-sustaining couples together the 2nd contact 10c and fixing point 12a by movable conductor piece 30.By like this, prevent overcharging to secondary cell 1.
In addition, stream has under the situation of overcurrent in protective circuit 3, and movable conductor piece 30 heatings in the thermal protector 3 are overturn concave surface by the heat of himself, and become from the 1st lead terminal 32 and leave, simultaneously, with 1PTC12a and the 2nd wiring 8 states that are together in series.By like this, continue heating power in 1PTC12a, the state that self-sustaining allows the 1st contact 10b and fixing point 10a leave mutually by movable conductor piece 30.By like this, overcurrent can not circulate in secondary cell 1.
(the 5th execution mode)
The circuit diagram that Fig. 9 couples together secondary cell and charger with protective circuit via the relevant secondary cell of the 5th execution mode of the present invention for explanation.
Among Fig. 9, secondary cell 1 is connected with dc charging circuit 2 through protective circuit 3 and charges.
Be in series with the thermal protector 9 shown in the 1st execution mode or the 2nd execution mode in the 2nd wiring 8.Thermal protector 9 has mutual hot linked bimetal release 10 and heater element 11, for example has and Fig. 2, Fig. 4 identical construction.
By the heating of bimetal release 10 or the heating of heater element 11, switch movable conductor piece 10d, fixing point 10a is electrically connected with the 2nd contact 10c.
In addition, heater element 11 has the circuit structure that is in series by two PTC12a, 12b.The 1st electrode 13a of heater element 11 is connected with the 2nd contact 10b of bimetal release 10, and the 2nd electrode 13b is connected with the 1st wiring 6 through bypass resistance 40, and in addition, the contact of two PTC12a, 12b is connected with the 2nd contact 10c of bimetal release 10.
In addition, be connected with voltage detecting circuit 41 in the 1st of protective circuit 3 the wiring the 6 and the 2nd wiring 8.
By like this, under the normal charged state of secondary cell 1, be in the state that bypass resistance 40 is cut off, circulating current not in the bypass resistance 40.But; if secondary cell 1 becomes overcharge condition; then the voltage of secondary cell 1 rises; the voltage signal that sends to bypass resistance 40 from voltage detecting circuit 41 surpasses threshold voltage; bypass resistance 40 becomes "on" position; power when charging circuit 2 is supplied with the charging of giving secondary cell 1 by bypass resistance 40, flows to PTC12a, the 12b of the heater element 11 of thermal protector 9.
By like this, the same with the 1st execution mode, bimetal release 10 switches, and becomes the state that is in series with PTC12a in the 2nd wiring 8, and by the heating of this PTC12a, bimetal release 10 oneself keeps this state.Like this, the 2nd wiring 8 becomes high resistance, thereby becomes in fact off-state.
In addition; under the situation of the overcurrent that in protective circuit 3, circulates; the temperature of bimetal release 10 raises; identical with the 1st execution mode; but the contact of the moving-conductor 10d of bimetal release 10 switches to the 2nd contact 10c from the 1st contact 10b, becomes the 2nd wiring 8 states of connecting with PTC12a; by the heating of this PTC12a, the state that self-sustaining bimetal release 10 has been switched.By like this, the 2nd wiring 8 becomes high resistance, thereby becomes in fact off-state.
In addition, thermal protector 9 can use the parts of constructing shown in Fig. 7, Fig. 8, and its equivalent circuit as shown in figure 10.
(the 6th execution mode)
The circuit diagram that Figure 13 couples together secondary cell and charger with protective circuit via the relevant secondary cell of the 6th execution mode of the present invention for explanation.
Among Figure 13, secondary cell 1 is connected with dc charging circuit 2 through protective circuit 3 and charges.Protective circuit 3 is connected through the 2nd wiring 8.Be in series with the thermal protector 9 shown in the 1st or the 2nd execution mode in the 2nd wiring 8.About the movement content of thermal protector 9, identical with described in the 5th execution mode.
Be connected with voltage detecting circuit 41 in the 1st wiring the 6 and the 2nd wiring 8 of protective circuit 3.About the movement content of voltage detecting circuit 41, identical with described in the 5th execution mode.
The the 1st and the 2nd impedance component 41a, the contact of 41b of series connection in the voltage detecting circuit 41, and switch element is for example between the gate contact of n-FET40a, and cross-over connection has comparator 52.
By comparator 52, only when the voltage signal of exporting to bypass resistance 40 from voltage detecting circuit 41 has surpassed threshold voltage when overcharging, allow bypass resistance 40 be in "on" position.Be under the situation below the threshold voltage, suppressing or prevent the leakage current that circulates between the drain electrode, source electrode at switch element n-FET40a, thereby can carry out energising reliably to bypass resistance 40.
In addition; under the situation that the load that secondary cell 1 shows in protective circuit 3 and figure is not connected; also promptly when load is discharged; preferably can allow except supplying with to load; circulation gives the leakage current of protective circuit 3 very little; or prevent leakage current, thereby bring influence can for the flash-over characteristic of secondary cell 1.
The design of protective circuit 3; be that charging voltage is under the situation of lithium ion battery of 4.2V for example at secondary cell; if the given threshold voltage of comparator 52 is near the 4.5V; because the discharge voltage of secondary cell is below the 4.2V, flow to the leakage current in the protective circuit 3 in the time of therefore can being suppressed at discharge.Reduce the influence that brings to the flash-over characteristic of lithium ion battery.For example, be M Ω level in the impedance of establishing 41b, the threshold voltage of comparator 52 is under the situation of 4.5V, the leakage current of protective circuit 3 can be suppressed at below several μ A.
In addition, comparator 52 is designed to obtain reference potential Vref (comprising zero potential) in negative side from arbitrary site.In addition, for example, the negative side of comparator 52 can be connected with the negative side of charging circuit 2.
In addition, can also use lead terminal 22 and lead terminal 23 and/or lead terminal 26, from external load reference potential Vref arbitrarily.Perhaps, outside lead terminal 22 and lead terminal 23 and/or lead terminal 26,1 lead terminal L is set at least, the negative side of comparator is connected with this lead terminal L, from external load reference potential Vref arbitrarily.
(the 7th execution mode)
The circuit diagram that Figure 14 couples together secondary cell and charger with protective circuit via the relevant secondary cell of the 7th execution mode of the present invention for explanation.
Among Figure 14, secondary cell 1 is connected with dc charging circuit 2 through protective circuit 3 and charges.
In the 1st wiring 6, be in series with the thermal protector 9 shown in the 1st execution mode.Also promptly, the thermal protector 9 that is connected with the negative side of secondary cell 1 in the 1st execution mode is connected with side of the positive electrode in the present embodiment, this point difference.
Figure 14 is according to the circuit diagram in the 6th execution mode (Figure 13), and same being formed in the execution mode (Fig. 1, Fig. 6, Fig. 9, Figure 10) such as the 1st, the 3rd, the 5th also can be realized.
(the 8th execution mode)
Figure 15 (d) is the cutaway view of the thermal protector of the relevant protective circuit of explanation formation the 8th execution mode of the present invention.Among Figure 15, the key element that the symbolic representation identical with Fig. 4 is identical.
Figure 15 (a) and (b), (c) are respectively movable conductor piece 30, support component 35 and heater element 12 (11), by these unit constructions are got up, constitute the thermal protector shown in (d).
Heater element 12 (11), carry in the present embodiment top for circular holding components 13a and 13b etc. on.This is because the thermo-contact between heater element and the holding components is very little, and electrically contacts very abundant.Holding components 13a and 13b are electrically connected with outside terminal 22,23 respectively.In addition, support component 35 is in order to realize being electrically connected between heater element and the holding components, to push heater element setting from top.
This under overcharge condition, by PTC12 heating, allow the upwards upset of recess of the movable conductor piece 30 that bimetallic constitutes, thereby prevent the method for overcharging to secondary cell, identical with above-mentioned the 2nd execution mode.
(the 9th execution mode)
Figure 16 (e) is the cutaway view of the thermal protector of the relevant protective circuit of explanation formation the 9th execution mode of the present invention.Among Figure 16, the key element that the symbolic representation identical with Fig. 2 is identical.
Figure 16 (a) and (b), (c), (d) are respectively the loam cake 21 of housing, movable conductor piece 27, bimetallic 24 and heater element 12 (11), by these unit constructions are got up, constitute the thermal protector shown in Figure 16 (e).
In the loam cake 21 of housing, central lower is provided with the jut shown in Figure 16 (a).Push heater element 12 by this jut.In movable conductor piece 27 and the bimetallic 24, shown in Figure 16 (b), Figure 16 (c), be formed with the hole of the jut that is used for connecting loam cake 21.
This under overcharge condition, PTC12 heating, bimetallic 24 allows the upwards upset of its recess, by lifting movable conductor piece 27 like this, prevents method that secondary cell is overcharged, and is identical with the 1st above-mentioned execution mode.
(the 10th execution mode)
Figure 17 (e) is the cutaway view of the thermal protector of the relevant protective circuit of explanation formation the 10th execution mode of the present invention.Among Figure 17, the key element that the symbolic representation identical with Fig. 2 is identical.
Figure 17 (a) and (b), (c), (d) are respectively the stereogram of movable conductor piece 27, cutaway view, bimetallic 24 and the heater element 12 (11) of movable conductor piece 27, by these unit constructions are got up, constitute the thermal protector shown in Figure 17 (e).
The central authorities of movable conductor piece 27 are provided with notch shown in Figure 17 (a), shown in Figure 17 (b), this notch bends downwards.Push bimetallic 24 by the elastic force of this notch, and then push the heater element 12 that is arranged under it.
This under overcharge condition, PTC12 heating, bimetallic 24 allows the upwards upset of its recess, by lifting movable conductor piece 27 like this, prevents method that secondary cell is overcharged, and is identical with the 1st above-mentioned execution mode.
(the 11st execution mode)
The circuit diagram of the state that Figure 18 couples together secondary cell and charger with protective circuit via the relevant secondary cell of the 1st execution mode of the present invention for explanation.
Among Figure 18, secondary cell 1 is connected with dc charging circuit 2 through protective circuit 3 and charges.
Be in series with thermal protector 9 in the 2nd wiring 8.Thermal protector 9 has mutual hot linked bimetal release 10 and heater element 11.Bimetal release 10 is the thermal strain elements that change current channel by heat.
The 1st electrode 13a of PTC12 is connected with the 1st contact 10b of bimetal release 10, and the 2nd electrode 13b is connected with the 1st wiring 6 through the Zener diode 14 of switching circuit, and in addition, the 3rd electrode 13c of PTC12 is connected with the 2nd contact 10c of bimetal release 10.
(the 12nd execution mode)
The circuit diagram that Figure 19 couples together secondary cell and charger via the relevant protective circuit of the 12nd execution mode of the present invention for explanation.Among Figure 19, the key element that the symbolic representation identical with Fig. 1 is identical.
Among Figure 19, secondary cell 1 is connected with dc charging circuit 2 through protective circuit 3 and charges.
Be in series with thermal protector 9 in the 2nd wiring 8.Thermal protector 9 has mutual hot linked bimetal release 10 and heater element 11.
In addition, heater element 11, has the circuit structure that is in series by two PTC12a, 12b, its the 1st electrode 13a is connected with the 2nd contact 10c of bimetal release 10, the 2nd electrode 13b is connected with the 1st wiring 6 through Zener diode 14, in addition, the 3rd electrode 13c of two PTC12a, 12b is connected with charged side negative terminal 4b.
In addition, the 1st and 2PTC12a, 12b and bimetal release 10, as shown in figure 19, be in the housing and hot link.
(the 13rd execution mode)
The circuit diagram that Figure 20 couples together secondary cell and charger via the relevant protective circuit of the 13rd execution mode of the present invention for explanation.
Among Figure 20, secondary cell 1 is connected with dc charging circuit 2 through protective circuit 3 and charges.
Be in series with the thermal protector 9 shown in the 1st execution mode or the 2nd execution mode in the 2nd wiring 8.Thermal protector 9 has mutual hot linked bimetal release 10 and heater element 11, for example has and Fig. 2, Fig. 4 identical construction.
By the heating of bimetal release 10 or the heating of heater element 11, switch movable conductor piece 10d, fixing point 10a is electrically connected with the 2nd contact 10c.
In addition, heater element 11 has the circuit structure that is in series by two PTC12a, 12b.The 1st electrode 13a of heater element 11 is connected with the 2nd contact 10b of bimetal release 10, and the 2nd electrode 13b is connected with the 1st wiring 6 through bypass resistance 40, and in addition, the contact of two PTC12a, 12b is connected with the 2nd contact 10c of bimetal release 10.
In addition, be connected with voltage detecting circuit 41 in the 1st of protective circuit 3 the wiring the 6 and the 2nd wiring 8.
By like this, under the normal charged state of secondary cell, become the state that bypass resistance 40 is cut off, circulating current not in the bypass resistance 40.But; if become secondary cell 1 overcharge condition; then the voltage of secondary cell 1 rises; the voltage signal that sends to bypass resistance 40 from voltage detecting circuit 41 surpasses threshold voltage; bypass resistance 40 becomes "on" position; electrical power when charging circuit 2 is supplied with the charging of giving secondary cell 1 by bypass resistance 40, flows to PTC12a, the 12b of the heater element 11 of thermal protector 9.
By like this, the same with the 1st execution mode, bimetal release 10 switches, and becomes the state that is in series with PTC12a in the 2nd wiring 8, and by the heating of this PTC12a, bimetal release 10 oneself keeps this state.Like this, the 2nd wiring 8 becomes high resistance, thereby becomes in fact off-state.
In addition; under the situation of the overcurrent that in protective circuit 3, circulates; the temperature of bimetal release 10 raises; identical with the 1st execution mode; but the contact of the moving-conductor 10d of bimetal release 10 switches to the 2nd contact 10c from the 1st contact 10b, becomes the 2nd wiring 8 states of connecting with PTC12a; by the heating of this PTC12a, the state that oneself keeps bimetal release 10 to be switched.By like this, the 2nd wiring 8 becomes high resistance, thereby becomes in fact off-state.
In addition, thermal protector 9 can use the parts of constructing shown in Fig. 7, Fig. 8, and its equivalent circuit as shown in figure 21.
(the 14th execution mode)
The circuit diagram that Figure 22 couples together secondary cell and charger with protective circuit via the relevant secondary cell of the 14th execution mode of the present invention for explanation.
Among Figure 22, secondary cell 1 is connected with dc charging circuit 2 through protective circuit 3 and charges.Protective circuit 3 is connected through the 2nd wiring 8.Be in series with the thermal protector 9 shown in the 1st or the 2nd execution mode in the 2nd wiring 8.About the movement content of thermal protector 9, identical with described in the 5th execution mode.
Be connected with voltage detecting circuit 41 in the 1st wiring the 6 and the 2nd wiring 8 of protective circuit 3.About the movement content of voltage detecting circuit 41, identical with described in the 5th execution mode.
The the 1st and the 2nd impedance component 41a, the contact of 41b of series connection in the voltage detecting circuit 41, and switch element is for example between the gate contact of n-FET40a, and cross-over connection has comparator 52.
By comparator 52, only when the voltage signal of exporting to bypass resistance 40 from voltage detecting circuit 41 has surpassed threshold voltage when overcharging, allow bypass resistance 40 be in "on" position.Be under the situation below the threshold voltage, suppressing or prevent the leakage current that circulates between the drain electrode, source electrode at switch element n-FET40a, thereby can carry out energising reliably to bypass resistance 40.
In addition; under the situation that the load that secondary cell 1 shows in protective circuit 3 and figure is not connected; also promptly when load is discharged; preferably can allow except supplying with to load; circulation gives the leakage current of protective circuit 3 very little; or prevent leakage current, thereby bring influence can for the flash-over characteristic of secondary cell 1.
The design of protective circuit 3; be that charging voltage is under the situation of lithium ion battery of 4.2V for example at secondary cell; if the given threshold voltage of comparator 52 is near the 4.5V; because the discharge voltage of secondary cell is below the 4.2V, flow to the leakage current in the protective circuit 3 in the time of therefore can being suppressed at discharge.Reduce the influence that brings to the flash-over characteristic of lithium ion battery.For example, be M Ω level in the impedance of establishing 41b, the threshold voltage of comparator 52 is under the situation of 4.5V, the leakage current of protective circuit 3 can be suppressed at below several μ A.
In addition, comparator 52 is designed to obtain reference potential Vref (comprising zero potential) in negative side from arbitrary site.In addition, for example, the negative side of comparator 52 can be connected with the negative side of charging circuit 2.
In addition, can also use lead terminal 22 and lead terminal 23 and/or lead terminal 26, from external load reference potential Vref arbitrarily.Perhaps, outside lead terminal 22 and lead terminal 23 and/or lead terminal 26,1 lead terminal L is set at least, the negative side of comparator is connected with this lead terminal L, from external load reference potential Vref arbitrarily.
(the 15th execution mode)
The circuit diagram that Figure 23 couples together secondary cell and charger with protective circuit via the relevant secondary cell of the 15th execution mode of the present invention for explanation.
Among Figure 23, secondary cell 1 is connected with dc charging circuit 2 through protective circuit 3 and charges.
In the 1st wiring 6, be in series with the thermal protector 9 shown in the 1st execution mode.Also promptly, the thermal protector 9 that is connected with the negative side of secondary cell 1 in the 1st execution mode is connected with side of the positive electrode in the present embodiment, this point difference (under this situation, can use N-FET40a in bypass circuit 40).
Figure 23 is according to the circuit diagram in the 14th execution mode (Figure 22), and same being formed in the execution mode (Figure 18, Figure 19, Figure 20, Figure 21) such as the 11st, the 12nd, the 13rd also can be realized.
In the above-mentioned execution mode, as shown in figure 11, can be with thermal protector 9, or add the parts of giving said switching circuit as required, leave in 1 housing, as apparatus for protection of secondary battery 51.This apparatus for protection of secondary battery 51 at one-sided electrode 53a, the 53b of being fixedly connected with of the housing 52 of depositing secondary cell, and then seals by lid 54, by such formation secondary battery 50.
In addition, be provided with in the lid 54 and be used for the through hole 55a, the 55b that secondary cell and charger are coupled together through apparatus for protection of secondary battery 51.Like this, secondary battery 50 with after charger is electrically connected, is just begun charging, apparatus for protection of secondary battery 51 plays a role, and can prevent to overcharge to secondary battery 50.
Under situation about made switching circuits such as Zener diode 14, FET41a being left in the housing,,, it can be arranged on the optional position if therefore suitably carry out electric wiring just be electrically connected and play a role owing to switching circuit needs only.In addition, using under diode or the situation of transistor, preferably avoiding in the high temperature place that has reached more than needing, using as switching circuit.In addition, as required it is cooled off or temperature control.
In addition, apparatus for protection of secondary battery is deposited and is fixed in the secondary battery, therefore, for the miniaturization of secondary battery, preferably also dwindles apparatus for protection of secondary battery.
In addition, protective device of the present invention or protective circuit can for example have switching circuit at electronic equipment or charger side, and apparatus for protection of secondary battery has PTC and bimetal release respectively.
In addition, thermal strain element of the present invention is illustrated, but also can uses three metals that adopted 3 kinds of metals by bimetallic.Three metals for example are made of for these 3 layers high thermal expansion type Cu-Ni-Mn, interlayer Cu and low-thermal-expansion side Ni-Fe.The interlayer Cu of this moment is used for adjusting the caused caloric value of thermal strain element self institute's galvanization (2 powers of electric current * resistance) for the volume resistivity of adjusting the thermal strain element inserts.In addition, Cu-Ni etc. can also be used in the intermediate layer.
In addition, the present invention is connecting after the charging under the loaded situation, also can as from secondary cell under the situation of load overdischarge, the protective circuit of protection overdischarge, guard block, protective device, battery pack etc.
(the 16th execution mode)
The circuit diagram of the state that Figure 24 (a) couples together secondary cell and charger with protective circuit via the relevant secondary cell of the 16th execution mode of the present invention for explanation, Figure 24 (b) is the circuit diagram of a part that this secondary battery protection circuit is described.
Among Figure 24 (a), secondary cell 1 is connected with dc charging circuit 2 through protective circuit 3 and charges.
The 1st electrode 13a of PTC12 is connected with the charged side negative terminal 4b of the negative terminal that is connected charging circuit 2, the 2nd electrode 13b is connected with the 1st wiring 6 through the Zener diode 14 as switching circuit, in addition, the 3rd electrode 13c of PTC12 is connected with battery side negative terminal 5b through the 2nd wiring 8.
Here, heater element 11 is the impedance component that constitutes of PTC and the combination of blocked impedance, but also can be the combination of blocked impedance and blocked impedance.
In addition, Zener diode 14 is switch elements, and positive pole is connected with the 2nd electrode 13b of heater element 11, and negative pole and the 1st wiring 6 are connected, and by like this, the 1st wiring the 6 and the 2nd wiring 8 is coupled together by reverse bias through heater element 11.
Here, Zener diode 14 needn't be a zener diode, can be the element that only surpasses conducting under the situation of predetermined threshold value at the voltage of secondary cell or charging circuit etc.
Here, the detection of voltage is carried out in which part such as secondary cell or power circuit, can be included in other design items and decide.
Next, to using above-mentioned protective circuit, 2 pairs of secondary cells 1 of charging circuit this item of charging to describe.
At first, through protective circuit 3 secondary cell 1 is connected with charging circuit 2, under the state that normally charges, in Figure 24, charging circuit 2 is through the 1st wiring 6, or the 2nd impedance component 12a of the 2nd wiring 8 and heater element 11, to secondary cell 1 power supply.At this moment, secondary cell voltage or charging voltage rise along with the process of time slowly from the charging beginning.
If this charging voltage becomes overcharge condition, loaded the above voltage of threshold value for the Zener diode 14 between the 1st wiring the 6 and the 2nd wiring 8, then in Zener diode 14, flow from the electric current of the 1st wiring 6 to the 2nd wiring 8, by like this, among the 1st impedance component 12b of heater element 11 also stream electric current is arranged.
At this moment, the 1st impedance component 12b and the 2nd impedance component 12a of heating key element 11 generate heat the resistance value change corresponding to separately on-load voltage.Establishing the 1st impedor impedance is that Rb, the 2nd impedor impedance are that the voltage of Ra, secondary cell is the voltage of X, charging circuit 2 when being Y, satisfies:
Ra/Rb＞(Y-X)/X
Pass between the resistance value of common the 1st impedance component 12b and the 2nd impedance component 12a is the relation of following formula.
Consequently, the electric energy during charging can return to charging circuit 2 through Zener diode 14 and heater element 11, and the electric energy of secondary cell returns secondary cell through Zener diode 14 and the 1st impedance component 12b.
Also promptly, can eliminate the electric current that secondary cell is charged.
In the overcharge condition of removing secondary cell 1, under the situation that Zener diode 14 ends, get back to common charged state automatically, promptly charging circuit 2 is through the 2nd impedance component 12a of the 1st wiring the 6 or the 2nd wiring 8 with heater element 11, to secondary cell 1 power supply.
Here, the resistance value of the 2nd impedance component 12a decides its resistance value for the voltage of the 2nd impedance component 12a corresponding to loading, and therefore can automatically restore to initial low impedance state.
In addition, when charging waits certain fault has taken place, thereby produced under the situation of logical overcurrent of giving secondary cell, the 2nd impedance component 12a can sharply generate heat, and allows the resistance value rising, by carrying out overcurrent protection like this.
In addition, under the situation of trouble shooting, the temperature of the 2nd impedance component 12a descends, and resistance value becomes initial low impedance state, and by like this, protective circuit 3 is reduced automatically.
In addition, PTC12 not be because of Curie temperature can be higher than to fixed temperature, can not rise to allow the enclosure body 20 that resin makes or the temperature of lid 21 abnormal deformations or thawing.
Above protective circuit 3 is being taken off charging circuit 2 temperature when dropping to normal temperature, or when having removed charging circuit unusual, can automatically restore to the state that can charge, and has once more the function of protective circuit, does not therefore need to change.
(the 17th execution mode)
To Figure 18 of the 11st execution mode as directed, the 17th execution mode of the present invention is described.The circuit diagram of the state that Figure 18 (a) couples together secondary cell and charger with protective circuit via the relevant secondary cell of the 17th execution mode of the present invention for explanation, Figure 18 (b) is the circuit diagram of a part that this secondary battery protection circuit is described.
Described in the 11st execution mode, among Figure 18 (a), secondary cell 1 is connected with dc charging circuit 2 through protective circuit 3 and charges.
In addition, about protective circuit 3, thermal protector 9, bimetal release 10, heater element 11, PTC12a, 12b, Zener diode 14, all identical with illustrated structure in the 11st execution mode.For example, protective circuit 3 has: the charged side plus end 4a that is connected with the plus end of charging circuit 2; The charged side negative terminal 4b that is connected with the negative terminal of charging circuit 2; The battery side plus end 5a that is connected with the plus end of secondary cell 1; The battery side negative terminal 5b that is connected with the negative terminal of secondary cell 1.Charged side plus end 4a is connected through the 1st wiring 6 with battery side plus end 5a, and in addition, charged side negative terminal 4b is connected through the 2nd wiring 8 with battery side negative terminal 5b.
But, semistor 12, have general employing with barium titanate (BaTiO3) as the oxide-based pottery of main component as material, also there is use that conductive materials such as carbon filler are fitted on the polymeric condensate PTC of resulting conductivity in the resin, can adopts wherein any.
In addition, heater element 11 and bimetal release 10 as Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, leave in 1 housing and hot link.
Among Fig. 2, be the substantial middle place of the bottom surface of empty enclosure body 20 in inside, PTC12 be installed as heater element 11.The 1st electrode 13a and the 2nd electrode 13b are installed below the PTC12, the 3rd electrode 13c is installed above it.
The 1st electrode 13a of PTC12 is connected with the 1st lead terminal 22 of drawing outward by a side direction of enclosure body 20, in addition, the 2nd electrode 13b of PTC12, the 2nd lead terminal 23 of outwards drawing with the opposite side of body 21 by housing 20 is connected.
On the PTC12, be provided with the counter-rotating central part and have roughly bimetal leaf 24 at the concave surface of central authorities.This bimetal leaf 24, concave surface is downward at normal temperatures, when rising to given temperature, thus the upwards upset of this concave surface bended, plan view shape is for omiting quadrangle, circle, ellipse etc.
In addition, bimetal leaf 24, be in its edge at normal temperatures can with the state that is connected on the protuberance 25 of enclosure body 20 around the PTC12, in addition, under its concave surface was heated the situation of upset, the substantial middle position of bimetal leaf 24 contacted with the substantial middle of the 3rd electrode 13c of PTC12.In addition, bimetal leaf 24 has by concave upright upset, and its edge is with the shape of movable conductor piece 27 jack-up described later.
The opposite side of enclosure body 20 on the position of leaving upward from the 2nd lead terminal 23, connects lead terminal 26 is installed.In addition, in the enclosure body 20, on the 3rd lead terminal 26, be connected with the stiff end of movable conductor piece 27, the convex travelling contact 28 below it is free-ended, under the downward state of the concave surface of bimetal leaf 24, contact with the fixed contact 22a of the 1st lead terminal 22.This movable conductor piece 27 and bimetal leaf 24 are equivalent to the movable conductor piece 10d of Figure 18.In addition, the 1st lead terminal 22 is equivalent to the 1st contact 10c of the bimetal release 10 shown in Figure 18, and the 3rd lead terminal 26 is equivalent to the fixing point 10a shown in Fig. 2, and bimetal leaf 24 is equivalent to the 2nd contact 10b of the bimetal release 10 shown in Figure 18.
Below the movable conductor piece 27, be formed with bimetal leaf 24 contacted protuberance 27a with concave upright upset, also can weld electric conducting material, be used as this protuberance 27a by punching press.
The material of movable conductor piece 27 preferably uses the Cu-Be alloy, also can use conductive material, conductivity spring materials such as phosphor bronze, Cu-Ti alloy, packfong, brass, Cu-Ni-Si alloy.
In addition, the travelling contact 28 of movable conductor piece 27 and with the fixed contact 22a of these travelling contact 28 contacted the 1st lead terminals 22, preferred nickel-the silver alloy that uses, specifically, preferably use the silver alloy of nickeliferous 10 quality %, also can use copper-silver alloy, gold-silver alloy, carbon-silver alloy, tungsten-silver alloy etc.
In addition, the material that constitutes the 1st～the 3rd lead terminal 22,23,26 is preferably copper, also can use conductive materials such as phosphor bronze, Cu-Ti alloy, Cu-Be alloy, packfong, brass, Cu-Ni-Si alloy.
Be closed by the open upper surface of lid 21 enclosure body 20.Enclosure body 20 and lid 21 use outstanding polyphenylene sulphur (PPS), liquid crystal polymer (LCP), the polybutylene terephthalate resins such as (PBT) of thermal endurance.Enclosure body 20 and lid 21 weld by ultrasonic bonding etc., by like this, PCT12, fixed contact 22a, travelling contact 28, movable conductor piece 27, bimetallic 24 etc. are enclosed in the housing 20,21.
In addition, the 1st lead terminal 22 is connected with the negative terminal of secondary cell 1, and the 2nd lead terminal 23 is connected with Zener diode 14, and the 3rd lead terminal 26 is connected with the negative terminal of charging circuit 2.
Next, to using above-mentioned protective circuit 3, charging circuit 2, secondary cell 1 is charged to be described.
At first; through protective circuit 3 secondary cell 1 is connected with charging circuit 2; under the state that normally charges; being in bimetal release 10 in Figure 18 couples together the 1st contact 10b and fixing point 10a; allow the 2nd the wiring 8 conductings state; therefore, charging circuit 2 is powered to secondary cell 1 through the 1st wiring the 6 and the 2nd wiring 8.Charging voltage rises along with the process of time slowly from the charging beginning.
Contrast Fig. 2, Fig. 3 describe this state, and bimetal leaf 24 is in the downward state of concave surface, and movable conductor piece 27 (10d) allows the 3rd lead terminal 26 conductings of the 1st lead terminal 22 with fixed contact 10a of the 1st contact 10b.Here, even bimetal leaf 24 with the 3rd electrode 13c conducting of movable conductor piece 27 with PTC12, because that PTC12 and movable conductor piece 27 are compared resistance is bigger, therefore can produce and allow the heat of bimetal leaf 24 upsets.
If this charging voltage becomes overcharge condition, loaded the above voltage of threshold value for the Zener diode 14 between the 1st wiring the 6 and the 2nd wiring 8, then in Zener diode 14, flow through from the 1st wiring 6 to the 2nd wiring 8 electric currents, by like this, among the PTC12 also stream electric current is arranged.
Consequently, the PTC12 heating, if its temperature has reached set-point, for example 80 ℃, the then concave surface of the bimetal leaf shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 24 upset, movable conductor piece 27 is by bimetal leaf 24 jack-up, leave from the 1st lead terminal 22, stop charging, simultaneously secondary cell 1, bimetal leaf is electrically connected movable conductor piece 17 (10d) with the 3rd electrode 13c of PTC12, switch in the part of PTC12.
Also be, among Figure 18, if circulate reverse current in the Zener diode 14, thereby then energising heating among PTC12a, the 12b, movable conductor piece 10d is with the fixing point 10a and the 2nd contact 10c conducting of bimetal release 10, with the 2nd wiring 8 electric cut-outs, and then, switch on to a side PTC12a with bimetal release 10 through the 2nd wiring 8.
Therefore, with the hot linked bimetal release 10 of 1PTC12a, carry out self-sustaining.In this case, the electric energy during charging can return to charging circuit 12 with PTC12 through Zener diode 14.
In the overcharge condition of removing secondary cell 1, under the situation that Zener diode 14 ends, owing to be among the PTC12 and switch on, bimetal release 10 has been carried out heated state, therefore, bimetal release 10 is because the hysteresis characteristic of bimetal leaf 24 and therefore diverter switch at once not can be stablized and carry out work.
In addition, PTC12 not be because of Curie temperature can be higher than to fixed temperature, can not rise to allow the enclosure body 20 that resin makes or the temperature of lid 21 abnormal deformations or thawing.
The secondary cell 1 that electronic equipment is for example installed in the mobile phone generally is a lithium ion battery, and the charging modes of lithium ion battery is constant current, constant voltage mode.Therefore, by to the Zener diode energising, the resultant impedance of secondary cell 1 and PTC12 can be remained roughly certain value.
But, if because of the fault of charging circuit 2, thereby or charged side plus end 4a with charged side negative terminal 4b just in case through the conductor short circuit that contacts, then the overcurrent that circulates in the protective circuit 3, thereby in movable conductor piece 27, circulate overcurrent.In this case, movable conductor piece 27 self-heatings, bimetal leaf 24 is heated, therefore, by allowing the concave upright upset of bimetal leaf 24 like this, with movable conductor piece 27 jack-up, disconnect contacting of movable conductor piece 27 and the 1st lead terminal 22, cut-out simultaneously, is flow through electric current through movable conductor piece 27 and bimetal leaf 24 (10d) among the 3rd electrode 13c of PTC12 to the charging of secondary cell 1.
By like this, the PTC12 heating keeps the state of movable conductor piece 27 constant, therefore, and concave upright state that can self-sustaining bimetal leaf 24.In addition, because PTC12 is a high impedance, even therefore energising also can prevent to become overcurrent to PTC12.In addition, if use the PTC12 with Curie point, then PTC12 can not send the heat that exceeds self needs.
In the above-mentioned protective circuit 3, if take off charging circuit 2, temperature becomes below the set-point, and for example below the room temperature, then movable conductor piece 27 (10d) restores, and comes back to the state that can charge.
Among the present invention; in that to establish impedance that heater element 12a had be Ra, heat by above-mentioned heater element switches above-mentioned power supply to the needed current minimum of heater element is that the protection voltage of I, secondary cell is the voltage of X, charging circuit 2 when being Y, satisfies:
Ra/Rb＞(Y-X)/X ...①
Ra+Rb＜X/I ...②
Ra＞0 ...③
Rb＞0 ...④
This is in order to protect battery not overcharged and overvoltage.Under above-mentioned 1. 2. 3. 4. all ungratified situation, charging voltage surpasses the protection voltage X of above-mentioned secondary cell, and secondary cell becomes high temperature, and the worst meeting expands splintering problem on fire.For example under the situation of lithium rechargeable battery, if be designed to Y=30V, X=4.2V, I=0.2A, then 1. formula becomes Ra/Rb＞6.143.In addition, formula becomes Ra+Rb＜21 (Ω) in 2..
In the above-mentioned execution mode, as shown in figure 11, can be with thermal protector 9, or add the parts of giving said switching circuit as required, leave in 1 housing, as apparatus for protection of secondary battery 51.This apparatus for protection of secondary battery 51 at one-sided electrode 53a, the 53b of being fixedly connected with of the housing 52 of depositing secondary cell, and then seals by lid 54, by such formation secondary battery 50.
In addition, be provided with in the lid 54 and be used for the through hole 55a, the 55b that secondary cell and charger are coupled together through apparatus for protection of secondary battery 51.Like this, secondary battery 50 with after charger is electrically connected, is just begun charging, apparatus for protection of secondary battery 51 plays a role, and can prevent to overcharge to secondary battery 50.
Under situation about made switching circuits such as Zener diode 14, FET41a being left in the housing,,, it can be arranged on the optional position if therefore suitably carry out electric wiring just be electrically connected and play a role owing to switching circuit needs only.In addition, using under diode or the situation of transistor, preferably avoiding in the high temperature place that has reached more than needing, using as switching circuit.In addition, as required it is cooled off or temperature control.
In addition, apparatus for protection of secondary battery is deposited and is fixed in the secondary battery, therefore, for the miniaturization of secondary battery, preferably also dwindles apparatus for protection of secondary battery.
In addition, protective device of the present invention or protective circuit can for example have switching circuit at electronic equipment or charger side, and apparatus for protection of secondary battery has PTC and bimetal release respectively.
In addition, thermal strain element of the present invention is illustrated, but also can uses three metals that adopted 3 kinds of metals by bimetallic.Three metals for example are made of for these 3 layers high thermal expansion type Cu-Ni-Mn, interlayer Cu and low-thermal-expansion side Ni-Fe.The interlayer Cu of this moment is used for adjusting the caused caloric value of thermal strain element self institute's galvanization (2 powers of electric current * resistance) for the volume resistivity of adjusting the thermal strain element inserts.In addition, Cu-Ni etc. can also be used in the intermediate layer.
In addition, the present invention is connecting after the charging under the loaded situation, also can as from secondary cell under the situation of load overdischarge, the protective circuit of protection overdischarge, guard block, protective device, battery pack etc.
In addition, the present invention is not limited in above-mentioned execution mode, can also carry out various distortion in the scope that does not break away from its main points and implement.
Embodiment
Use the circuit described in above-mentioned the 2nd execution mode, lithium rechargeable battery is charged, charge condition carries out under Y=30V, X=4.2V, I=0.2A.The value of the impedance Ra that the impedance Rb that heater element 12b is had, heater element 12a are had and the result of charging are as shown in table 1.
Table 1
| Ra(Ω) | Rb(Ω) | Formula (1) | Formula (2) | Formula (3) | Formula (4) | Experimental result | |
| Example 1 of the present invention | 3.8 | 0.5 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | Out of question |
| Example 2 of the present invention | 9.5 | 0.9 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | Out of question |
| Example 3 of the present invention | 15.5 | 1.9 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | Out of question |
| Example 4 of the present invention | 3.5 | 2.7 | × | ○ | ○ | ○ | Battery high-temperature |
| Example 5 of the present invention | 14.2 | 4.4 | × | ○ | ○ | ○ | Battery high-temperature |
| Example 6 of the present invention | 32.3 | 6.7 | × | × | ○ | ○ | Battery high-temperature |
Can learn that from table 1 example 1 of the present invention to example 3 has good characteristic.In addition, as the example 4,5,6 of the 1st mode of protective device of the present invention, owing to do not satisfy the relational expression of Ra, Rb, X, Y, I, so the surface temperature of lithium rechargeable battery rises.
In addition, the present invention is not limited in above-mentioned execution mode, can also carry out various distortion in the scope that does not break away from its main points and implement.
By the present invention; when overcharging; thereby heater element is energized heating; allow the thermal strain element move by heat from heater element; the power supply in when charging is switched on the heater element from secondary cell, and by like this, the thermal strain element can oneself carry out state by heat and keep; allow the protective circuit steady operation, thus can by simply, at a low price, small-sized parts protect secondary cell.In addition, if take off charger, temperature becomes below the set-point, and then the thermal strain element restores, and gets back to the state that can charge.
In addition; among the present invention; usually the time, give the 2nd impedance component galvanization of above-mentioned heater element; when overcharging, give the 1st impedance component galvanization of above-mentioned heater element; by like this; can be changed to course of discharge from the charging direction, thereby can carry out additives for overcharge protection leading to electric current as the secondary cell of protected parts etc.
By like this, can prevent secondary cell expansion, break, on fire, in addition, if take off supply unit, then the temperature of above-mentioned heater element descends, resistance value reverts to initial condition, therefore can use repeatedly.
In addition, when producing overcurrent, cut off, can carry out overcurrent protection by the 2nd impedance component with above-mentioned heater element.In this case too, eliminating under the unusual situation, the temperature of above-mentioned heater element descends, and resistance value reverts to initial condition, therefore can use repeatedly.
In addition; by the present invention; when overcharging; thereby heater element is energized heating, allows the thermal strain element move by the heating from heater element, and the power supply during with charging switches on the heater element from secondary cell; by like this; the thermal strain element can oneself carry out state by heat and keep, and allows the protective circuit steady operation, thus can by simply, at a low price, small-sized parts protect secondary cell.In addition, if take off charger, temperature becomes below the set-point, and then the thermal strain element restores, and gets back to the state that can charge.
Claims (25)
1. a protective device is characterized in that, comprising:
Switching circuit, it is in parallel with the circuit of powering, and the above voltage of passing threshold voltage carries out conducting;
At least 1 heater element of connecting with said switching circuit; And
The thermal strain element, it has by the caused self-heating of above-mentioned power supply or from the heat of above-mentioned heater element, above-mentioned power supply is switched to the structure of above-mentioned heater element.
2. protective device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Be arranged on the optional position of electronic equipment; Said switching circuit is in parallel with main circuit, and the above voltage of passing threshold voltage carries out conducting; Above-mentioned thermal strain element has the structure that switches to above-mentioned heater element by the heating of self from above-mentioned main circuit.
3. protective device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Be arranged on the optional position of electronic equipment; Said switching circuit is in parallel with main circuit, and the above voltage of passing threshold voltage carries out conducting; Above-mentioned thermal strain element has by the heat from above-mentioned heater element, switches to the structure of above-mentioned heater element from above-mentioned main circuit.
4. protective device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
The supply of above-mentioned electric energy is to liking secondary cell, and said switching circuit is in parallel with charging circuit, and the above voltage of passing threshold voltage carries out conducting; Above-mentioned thermal strain element has the heating by self, switches to the structure of above-mentioned heater element from above-mentioned secondary cell.
5. protective device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
The supply of above-mentioned electric energy is to liking secondary cell, and said switching circuit is in parallel with charging circuit, and the above voltage of passing threshold voltage carries out conducting; Above-mentioned thermal strain element has by the heat from above-mentioned heater element, the supply of above-mentioned electric energy is switched to the structure of above-mentioned heater element from above-mentioned secondary cell.
6. protective device comprises: be connected and switching circuit that voltage passing threshold voltage more than carry out conducting in parallel with above-mentioned charging circuit with the charging circuit to power supplies such as secondary cells; The 1st impedance component of connecting with said switching circuit; And the 2nd impedance component of connecting with above-mentioned charging circuit, above-mentioned the 1st impedance component and above-mentioned the 2nd impedance component utilize by the guard block that at least 1 heater element constituted, and it is characterized in that:
The protection voltage that the 2nd impedance component that has impedance Rb, an above-mentioned heater element at the 1st impedance component of establishing above-mentioned heater element has impedance Rb, an above-mentioned secondary cell is the voltage of X, above-mentioned charging circuit when being Y, satisfies:
Ra/Rb＞(Y-X)/X。
7. a protective device comprises: utilize the switching circuit that carries out conducting with voltage in parallel to the charging circuit of power supplies such as secondary cell and more than the passing threshold voltage; At least 1 heater element that the 1st impedance component of connecting with said switching circuit and the 2nd impedance component are constituted; And have by the caused self-heating of above-mentioned power supply, or, above-mentioned power supply is switched to the thermal strain element of the structure of above-mentioned heater element from the heat of above-mentioned heater element, it is characterized in that:
The 1st impedance component of establishing above-mentioned heater element have impedance Rb, the 2nd impedance component have impedance Rb, in order to be that the protection voltage of I, secondary cell is the voltage of X, charging circuit when being Y by the minimum value that above-mentioned power supply is switched to the needed electric current of heater element from the heat of above-mentioned heater element, satisfy:
Ra/Rb＞(Y-X)/X ...①
Ra+Rb＜X/I ...②
Ra＞0 ...③
Rb＞0 ...④。
8. as each described protective device in the claim 1～7, it is characterized in that:
After above-mentioned thermal strain element switches to above-mentioned heater element, can keep the state of above-mentioned thermal strain element by the heating of above-mentioned heater element self, cut off the charging circuit of above-mentioned secondary cell.
9. as each described protective device in the claim 1～8, it is characterized in that:
Above-mentioned thermal strain element is the bimetal release that cuts off the current channel from above-mentioned charging circuit to above-mentioned heater element by heating.
10. protective device as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that:
Above-mentioned bimetal release, has the movable conductor piece that is electrically connected with above-mentioned secondary cell through contact, and bimetallic, it has the concave surface that is arranged on the above-mentioned heater element, and allow because of being heated this concave surface towards upset, by like this, the electrical connection of above-mentioned movable conductor piece is switched to above-mentioned heater element from above-mentioned secondary cell
11. protective device as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that:
Above-mentioned movable conductor piece and above-mentioned bimetallic are integrally formed.
12., it is characterized in that as each described protective device in the claim 1～11:
Above-mentioned heater element is a semistor.
13., it is characterized in that as each described protective device in the claim 1～12:
At least have 3 electrodes in 1 above-mentioned heater element.
14., it is characterized in that as each described protective device in the claim 1～13:
Said switching circuit is a Zener diode.
15., it is characterized in that as each described protective device in the claim 1～14:
Said switching circuit, by the voltage detecting circuit of the voltage that detects above-mentioned secondary cell, and under the output voltage from above-mentioned voltage detecting circuit was state more than the threshold voltage, the field-effect transistor that becomes conducting state constituted.
16. protective device as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that:
Between above-mentioned voltage detecting circuit and the above-mentioned field-effect transistor, also constitute the comparator that suppresses or prevent electric current.
17., it is characterized in that as each described protective device in the claim 1～16:
Above-mentioned thermal strain element and above-mentioned heater element hot link, and leave in 1 housing.
18., it is characterized in that as each described protective device in the claim 1～17:
Above-mentioned thermal strain element and above-mentioned heater element hot link, above-mentioned thermal strain element and above-mentioned heater element and switching circuit leave in 1 housing.
19., it is characterized in that as claim 17 or 18 described protective devices:
In the surface of above-mentioned housing, expose respectively battery side terminal that is electrically connected with above-mentioned secondary cell and the charging part side terminal that is electrically connected with above-mentioned charging circuit are installed.
20. a secondary battery is characterized in that:
As each described protective device in the claim 4～19, be connected to form with above-mentioned secondary battery and be one, and expose the charged side terminal that is electrically connected with outside charging circuit is installed.
21. a portable electric appts is characterized in that:
Have as each described protective device in the claim 4～19.
22. protecting secondary battery parts is characterized in that having:
Movable conductor piece through the contact electrical connection;
At least 1 heater element that generates heat by the electric current that is flow through in the said switching circuit;
Bimetallic, itself and above-mentioned heater element hot link, the concave surface with reverses direction by heating by the upset of this concave surface, with the electrical connection of above-mentioned movable conductor piece, switches to above-mentioned heater element from above-mentioned secondary cell;
At least plural holding components, it supports above-mentioned heater element, and this heater element is electrically connected with outside terminal; And
Pressing component, it is pushed above-mentioned heater element to above-mentioned holding components.
23. protecting secondary battery parts as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that:
Above-mentioned bimetallic and above-mentioned movable conductor piece are integrally formed.
24., it is characterized in that as claim 22 or 23 described protecting secondary battery parts:
Above-mentioned pressing component is formed in the jut in the above-mentioned housing.
25., it is characterized in that as claim 22,23 or 24 described protecting secondary battery parts:
Above-mentioned pressing component is the part of above-mentioned movable conductor piece.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004256357 | 2004-09-02 | ||
| JP2004256357 | 2004-09-02 | ||
| JP2004308274 | 2004-10-22 | ||
| JP2005060305 | 2005-03-04 | ||
| JP2005076445 | 2005-03-17 | ||
| JP2005223725 | 2005-08-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1744351A true CN1744351A (en) | 2006-03-08 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2005100966554A Pending CN1744351A (en) | 2004-09-02 | 2005-08-31 | Protection component, protection device, battery set and portable electronic device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1744351A (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101350532B (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2012-10-17 | 英特赛尔美国股份有限公司 | Over-voltage protected battery charger with bypass |
| CN103380555A (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2013-10-30 | 泰科电子日本合同会社 | Protective device |
| CN103999180A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2014-08-20 | 小松电子部品有限公司 | Breaker, and safety circuit and secondary battery pack equipped with same |
| CN104051805A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-17 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Method and device for increasing safety when using battery modules |
| CN104103632A (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2014-10-15 | 李博 | Self-protection transistor |
| CN104242251A (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2014-12-24 | 深圳富泰宏精密工业有限公司 | Battery with temperature protection function |
| CN104303338A (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2015-01-21 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Device and method for decoupling and/or bridging terminals for battery cell |
| US9030787B2 (en) | 2011-06-28 | 2015-05-12 | Uchiya Thermostat Co., Ltd. | Motor protector |
| CN106532639A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-03-22 | 珠海市魅族科技有限公司 | Charging system, over-temperature protection device and related equipment of over-temperature protection device |
| CN106785108A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-05-31 | 深圳天珑无线科技有限公司 | A kind of battery protection board component, battery component and mobile terminal |
| CN110767618A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-02-07 | 芜湖市智行天下工业设计有限公司 | Heat dissipation and protection architecture to power module |
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2005
- 2005-08-31 CN CNA2005100966554A patent/CN1744351A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101350532B (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2012-10-17 | 英特赛尔美国股份有限公司 | Over-voltage protected battery charger with bypass |
| CN103380555A (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2013-10-30 | 泰科电子日本合同会社 | Protective device |
| US9960000B2 (en) | 2010-12-16 | 2018-05-01 | Littelfuse Japan G.K. | Protective device |
| CN103380555B (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2015-09-16 | 泰科电子日本合同会社 | Protective device |
| US9030787B2 (en) | 2011-06-28 | 2015-05-12 | Uchiya Thermostat Co., Ltd. | Motor protector |
| CN103999180A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2014-08-20 | 小松电子部品有限公司 | Breaker, and safety circuit and secondary battery pack equipped with same |
| US9460876B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2016-10-04 | Komatsulite Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Breaker, and safety circuit and secondary battery circuit provided with the same |
| CN104303338A (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2015-01-21 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Device and method for decoupling and/or bridging terminals for battery cell |
| CN104303338B (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2017-08-25 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Apparatus and method for separating and/or bridging the terminal for battery list pond |
| CN104051805A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-17 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Method and device for increasing safety when using battery modules |
| CN104103632A (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2014-10-15 | 李博 | Self-protection transistor |
| CN104242251A (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2014-12-24 | 深圳富泰宏精密工业有限公司 | Battery with temperature protection function |
| CN106785108A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-05-31 | 深圳天珑无线科技有限公司 | A kind of battery protection board component, battery component and mobile terminal |
| CN106532639A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-03-22 | 珠海市魅族科技有限公司 | Charging system, over-temperature protection device and related equipment of over-temperature protection device |
| CN110767618A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-02-07 | 芜湖市智行天下工业设计有限公司 | Heat dissipation and protection architecture to power module |
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