CN1739877A - Making process of curved surface with hole/column - Google Patents
Making process of curved surface with hole/column Download PDFInfo
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- CN1739877A CN1739877A CN 200510060792 CN200510060792A CN1739877A CN 1739877 A CN1739877 A CN 1739877A CN 200510060792 CN200510060792 CN 200510060792 CN 200510060792 A CN200510060792 A CN 200510060792A CN 1739877 A CN1739877 A CN 1739877A
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Abstract
The making process of curved surface part with hole/column includes the conventional plane making process to form planar base plate and subsequent external force bending to form the curved surface. The planar base plate has the holes or column formed through conventional process and is made to have narrow slots in its edges and deformable cross sections in the partial thickness to separate the base plate into several blocks. Then, forces in controlled magnitudes and directions are applied onto the base plate to bend it into required curved surface shape. The said making process is simple.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing method of curved surface, relate in particular to a kind of with holes/manufacture method of curved surface of column.
Background technology
For the curved surface series products, generally process in the prior art by following method.To the metal species product, employing pattern casting, pattern pressing, the pattern electric pulse method of forming, pattern machining simulation method, several big classes such as pattern electrocasting and digital control processing straight forming method are arranged.For having that the non-metal kind product then adopts, mould casting method, mould coated and molded method, the method for forming is blown, inhaled to the mould positive and negative pressure, mould machining simulation method, and several big classes such as digital control processing straight forming method.
And in above-mentioned all technological method for processing, all exist following deficiency: as relatively complicated to producing the needed moulds of industrial equipment of curved face product, difficulty of processing is big, the processing cost height.In addition, a kind of mould can only be produced the product of a kind of fixedly curved surface requirement basically, particularly need on curved surface, be processed with multiple degree of precision type hole/post requirement for the sort of, and when having the type hole that specific many directive property require/post, existing Tool and Die Technology is because of the reason on the member, though be not be difficult to realize realizing also can be too high because of cost, too complexity and fault rate are too high is difficult to industrialization.And particularly for the sort of type hole/post that both need on curved surface, be processed with multiple high aperture requirement, and when requiring these hole/posts to possess to be the bearing sense characteristic with the centre of sphere or assigned direction, the inaccessible especially above-mentioned requirements of existing Tool and Die Technology, let alone to guarantee on the directive property feature base of above-mentioned Kong Zhu, also require product to have the continuous variable characteristic of curved surface.
At present, the porose curved surface of processing belt has two kinds of method steps, and promptly a kind of is directly to bore on the curved surface of moulding or punching realizes, another kind is perforate on the proembryo of making curved surface in advance, and then the proembryo of holding the hole successfully is processed into curved surface.On the curved surface of moulding, process through hole, generally need special-purpose boring bar tool or hole-punching method to realize, but for curved surface than thin material, its firmness be can't resist the powerful external force of hole processing mostly, very easily damage the curved surface of moulding, defect rate is high, and cost is also higher, be difficult to industrialization, thereby the method is not suitable for the curved surface of this thin material.And the employing second method, promptly on planar materials, hold through hole in advance successfully, again this material is molded into curved surface, at this moment through hole will deformation in mold process, the post degree in its hole will be out of shape, and pore size also can change, during especially for the curved surface with a plurality of holes or for thicker material, the curved surface with holes that processes in this way, the big or small accuracy in its type hole is not high.For example: a kind of multiple spot LED cold light source that is used for microscope, inconsistent because of the hole directive property at its led light source place, just be difficult to light harvesting, thereby just do not reach desirable technical indicator; Existing tactics illumination LED cold light source, because of can't realizing the dual-use function of optically focused and diffusion simultaneously, and the method for the whole illumination head of needs replacing realizes the dual-use function of optically focused and diffusion, and is not only unreasonable but also cumbersome like this.So, have the product that specific many directive property and type hole size have certain accuracy for ask for something type hole, and above these products can't use all existing technology to realize.The curved face product and the above-mentioned curved surface that has a hole that have post are similar, have the product that specific many sensings and diameter have certain accuracy for the ask for something post, more than these products all can't use existing technology to realize.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention be provide at above-mentioned prior art present situation a kind of with holes/manufacture method of the curved surface of post, can realize fairly simplely that hole/post has point to and the type hole size all has certain accuracy more.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme of being taked: the manufacture method of this with holes/curved surface of column, after described curved surface is the plane substrate that processes with conventional plane processing method, form through external force flexural deformation again, the perforate or the column of the processing of useful conventional plane processing method on the substrate on plane, on described substrate, have simultaneously a kind of narrow groove of pass-through type of the perforation whole base plate thickness at the substrate edges opening, and be provided with a kind of thickness and only be the deformable section of substrate portion thicknesses on the one side of substrate or two, described deformable section and the narrow groove of pass-through type are divided into each fritter with substrate; By changing size and Orientation to different parts active force on the substrate, make substrate along the bending of deformable section, can obtain the continuous variable curved surface from the plane to the curved surface.
Make guard circle around at described substrate aperture/post position, it can be the circle, square or surrounded by arbitrary curve of sealing.
Described deformable section can be the whole concave surface beyond the guard circle position; Correspondingly, whole concave surface constitutes each fritter of substrate.
Described deformable section, it can be a concave grooves of making wire on substrate.
Described deformable section, it can be interrupted penetrating mode.
Described deformable section, design claims entad annular distribution.
The narrow groove of described pass-through type, it can be linearity, polyline shaped, arc shaped with curvilinear.
The narrow groove of described pass-through type can be to be the pure radiant type arrangement of feature with single sensing end.
The narrow groove of described pass-through type can be that to point to end with the centre be cardinal extremity, after making first run RADIATION DECOMPOSITION, in each first run radiation areas, make time radiation cardinal extremity, and spoke side is a basic point in proper order, makes a time RADIATION DECOMPOSITION of taking turns and divides, and the narrow groove of described pass-through type is radiant type again and arranges.
Compared with prior art, because the characteristics of the manufacture method of this with holes/curved surface of column, be that the curved surface that the institute type becomes is formed by the fritter plane, therefore with the fritter plane be the hole/post that processes of benchmark or the object installed by benchmark with the fritter plane its must have the specific directive property of this curved surface.If load onto a light source beam on each facet, this light source beam must be finished transmission purpose to light source by the sensing of this curved surface so.
The present invention a kind of with holes/manufacture method of curved surface of column, be that the curved surface that institute's type becomes combines by the fritter plane, this characteristic is used for radio-frequency technique: each rf frequency transmission all needs a specific concave curved surface and finishes its best transmission mode in the radio-frequency technique field, and process technology of the present invention, can obtain needed different linear or nonlinear curved surface easily, in same curved body, as long as change the distance of relative spot supporting force, within the specific limits, just can obtain the curved surface that the different spectral characteristic needs.
Because the manufacture method of this with holes/curved surface of column is characterised in that outside the hole/post that has required processing on the base plan, must have a kind of rim openings on the substrate and have the narrow groove of pass-through type of the perforation whole base plate thickness of certain directive property, and therefore thickness itself be exactly a variable process in the forming process from the plane to the curved surface only for phase tropism's deformable section of substrate thickness number/one is main manufacturing process.Utilize this characteristic to add the technique for fixing of a relative end, the size and Orientation of the active force by changing another stiff end can obtain the continuous variable characteristic from the plane to the curved surface.If describe after installing a beam light source on this each facet intuitively, continuous ground changes the size and Orientation of the power of stiff end and relative fixed end, promptly constantly change its radius of curvature, can obtain light source beam by the transformation that scatters to focusing, in like manner effective too in RF application.
Method of the present invention is exactly when solving variable Machining of Curved Surface technology, has realized easily and need be provided with shaping hole or post by curved surface, and had the processing in the hole of directive property feature, makes the two realize the technology of perfect combination.
The processing method that the present invention is related, be a kind of by groove and thickness only for phase tropism's deformable section of substrate portion thicknesses implement by the transition process of plane to curved surface, because this method can be implemented processing by planar approach, and is therefore simple and convenient especially.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the RADIATION DECOMPOSITION partition structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention one circular curved surface;
Fig. 2 is the deformable section structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention one circular curved surface;
Fig. 3 is the narrow groove structural representation of the pass-through type of the embodiment of the invention one circular curved surface;
Fig. 4 is the narrow groove of pass-through type of the embodiment of the invention one circular curved surface and the structural representation of deformable section combined state;
Fig. 5 is the narrow groove of pass-through type of the embodiment of the invention one circular curved surface with holes and the structural representation of deformable section combined state;
Fig. 6 is that the A-A of Fig. 2 is to cutaway view;
Fig. 7 is that the B-B of Fig. 3 is to cutaway view;
Fig. 8 is the I portion enlarged drawing of Fig. 4;
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention one to a side state;
Figure 10 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention one to the opposite side state;
Figure 11 is the decomposition partition structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention two square curved surfaces;
Figure 12 is the deformable section structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention two square curved surfaces;
Figure 13 is the narrow groove structural representation of the pass-through type of the embodiment of the invention two square curved surfaces;
Figure 14 is the narrow groove of pass-through type of the embodiment of the invention two square curved surfaces and the structural representation of deformable section combined state;
Figure 15 is the narrow groove of pass-through type of the embodiment of the invention two square curved surfaces with holes and the structural representation of deformable section combined state;
Figure 16 is that the C-C of Figure 15 is to cutaway view;
Figure 17 is the II portion enlarged drawing of Figure 14.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
Basic concept of the present invention is, if with arbitrary curved surface, each fritter promptly can be considered a plane after cutting into a lot of fritters, if in like manner with each fritter plane with a thread-shaped body with flexible characteristic laggard line bend that is connected, just the assembly that synthesized by the fritter plane of this piece has become curved surface so.And needed hole/post after the plane becomes curved surface, just can realize that hole/post has many sensings and the type hole size all has certain accuracy with regard on the fritter therein fairly simplely.
As Fig. 1～embodiment one shown in Figure 10, it is one with holes 2 circular curved surface, after described curved surface is the plane substrate that processes with conventional plane processing method, form through external force flexural deformation again, on the substrate 1 on plane with conventional plane processing method perforate 2, on described substrate 1, have simultaneously a kind of narrow groove 3 of pass-through type of perforation whole base plate 1 thickness in substrate 1 rim openings, this embodiment is a linearity, certainly, it also can be a polyline shaped, arc shaped with curvilinear, this embodiment is to be the pure radiant type arrangement of feature with single sensing end, as shown in Figure 3, one side at substrate 1 also is provided with a kind of thickness only for the deformable section 4 of substrate portion thicknesses, as Fig. 9, shown in 10, can certainly two settings, it is a concave grooves of making wire on substrate 1, it can be that interrupted penetrating mode is provided with, and is to be the substrate portion thicknesses setting among the embodiment one, as shown in Figure 6.Its design is entad annular distribution, and as shown in Figure 2, the narrow groove 3 of described deformable section 4 and pass-through type is divided into each fritter 5 with substrate 1, shown in Fig. 4 and 8; By changing size and Orientation to different parts active force on the substrate 1, make substrate 1 along 4 bendings of deformable section, shown in Fig. 9,10, can obtain the continuous variable curved surface from the plane to the curved surface.
The narrow groove 3 of pass-through type that has rim openings on the substrate 1, its role is to remove by plane deformation is unnecessary surface area behind the curved surface, shown in Fig. 9,10.
The narrow groove of the pass-through type of present embodiment, be to be the pure radiant type arrangement of feature with single sensing end, and having with centre sensing end 6 is cardinal extremity, after making first run RADIATION DECOMPOSITION, in each first run radiation areas, make time radiation cardinal extremity, and spoke side is a basic point in proper order, makes a time RADIATION DECOMPOSITION of taking turns and divide, the narrow groove of described pass-through type is radiant type again to be arranged, as shown in Figure 1.
As shown in figs. 1 and 3, deformable section 4 its role is to when plane deformation is curved surface, is keeping finishing the deformation process of substrate 1 integral body from the plane to the curved surface, shown in Fig. 9,10 on substrate aperture/indeformable basis of post part.
Embodiment two shown in Figure 11～17 is one with holes 7 square curved surface, and different with embodiment one is:
One, indeformable in order to guarantee 7 ones in substrate 8 holes, make guard circle 9 around at described substrate aperture 7 positions, it is the circle of sealing, can certainly be square or is surrounded by arbitrary curve.
Two, in order to make substrate 8 curved surface radian adjustment more even, described deformable section is the whole concave surface 10 beyond guard circle 9 positions; whole concave surface 10 can bend, and bending side is big, like this; substrate 8 curved surface radian adjustment are more correspondingly even, and whole concave surface 10 constitutes each fritter of substrate.That is to say that the whole base plate 8 except that guard circle 9 is concave surface, when crooked, except that guard circle 9 positions, to can be crooked, so bending is more even.
Three, the narrow groove 11 of pass-through type is to adopt the compound decomposition of multiple spot to divide, and multiple spot is a plurality of basic points 12 in Figure 11 and 12, shown in Figure 11,12 and 13.Groove among the figure that is decomposed is handled, in principle with linearity for well, to make things convenient for the technology construction, also can be broken line curve or camber line in case of necessity, it is to be noted and be divided all narrow grooves 11 that launch on the plane, must possess directional property and characteristic two big classes in opposite directions, promptly a kind of rim openings also has the narrow groove 11 of pass-through type of the perforation whole base plate thickness of certain directive property.Another kind is that thickness only is phase tropism's deformable section of substrate thickness number/one.
Equally according to above-mentioned planar trenches and distribution design, will have generally in opposite directions that the deformable Section Design of feature is entad annular distribution, its thickness is typically designed to thickness and only is phase tropism's deformable section of substrate thickness number/one.Its section thickness is generally with outside by the centre, distribute from shallow to deep, it can be a concave grooves of making wire on substrate to the depth width of its variable section according to the characteristic of material therefor and product needed, also can be not allow whole concave surface the deformation place except that substrate aperture portion, it can appear at the two sides of substrate simultaneously, can do half pass-through type in case of necessity is that interrupted penetrating mode designs, should be noted that power that each variable section can carry must be the diastrophic power of all faces of these variable sections that links to each other of its back and, generally by material behavior and test decision.
To the curved surface that direct requirement is made with metal material, under non-contingent condition, generally needn't finish with processing method of the present invention.Have only when this curved surface must be that type hole variable and on this curved surface must be integer hole and point to when requiring more, the inventive method just be effectively, as need adopt, carry out above-mentioned expansion and divide design after, its groove all can be finished with the common process mode.
To be used as flexible elastomer with metal sheet with alterable features, promptly can be used as the deformable section body among the present invention, generally be used for metal and nonmetallic complex structure, the general available die-cut method processing of its metal sheet back also is a kind of of following compound Qu Tizhong as a kind of skeleton inserts of curved body of the present invention.
For nonmetallic materials, generally mostly be synthetic material, and plastics are a kind of ideal a kind of materials during the present invention uses in the synthetic material, also be the greatest feature that can bring into play of the present invention and the place of economic benefit.As long as in selected plastics, in the variable thickness that sets, its deflection and bearing capacity can satisfy you deformation requirements and all can adopting of not rupturing.When rigidity plastics that you must adopt, also available above-mentioned metallic elastic sheet is made the composite algorithm of substrate, in the mode of insert, by injection moulding, easily achieves the goal simultaneously.
The making of curved substrate
For requiring with the metal material is the variable curved body of substrate manufacture, as long as after making the expansion plane exploded view that decomposes required curved surface, promptly available conventional plane processing method is implemented easily.
For constituting or by the compound variable curved body that constitutes of metal and nonmetal material, its substrate is all made of planar process by nonmetal.As long as expansion exploded view with required curved surface, according to the required narrow groove of pass-through type of determining a kind of rim openings and having the perforation whole base plate thickness of certain directive property, and thickness only is substrate thickness number/one phase tropism's deformable section and depth difference, produce a simple plane mould, get final product the substrate manufacture that required curved surface is finished in disposable injection moulding.If on this curved surface, need to do the hole/post of directive property, also can in this plane mould, disposable simple injection moulding finish.If needing with the metal material be elastomer, equally this to put into an elastic skeleton that is stamped to form before injection moulding be that inserts gets final product.But so just become a kind of substrate of composite plane of bending.
The fixedly making of curved surface of extraordinary requirement
Aforementioned for the directive property demand is arranged on curved surface, the integer hole series products that requires, no matter be that metal species or non-metal kind product all can not extensive uses because be difficult to processing on the aforementioned technology, a kind of variable curved-surface processing method of the present invention, be equally applicable to above-mentioned needs, because a shortcoming in the inventive method is curved surface relative intensity deficiency on variable basis.With the composite method in like manner, available method of the present invention at the narrow well width of widening rim openings and subtract make corresponding type hole on the plane under the narrow variable section prerequisite after with the embedding matrix of the curved surface that fixes.In simple curved surface die cavity, do the compound injection moulding of secondary then, point to the fixedly curved surface that the sexual type hole requires thereby form band.In like manner, can implement above-mentioned purpose equally with metal material, just for the second time to adopt with the die cast metal material be the casting die of base material more in moulding.
In the development process of all kinds of new products, need diversified all kinds of curved face product really, and this series products often all requires to be processed with the integer hole of directional property on curved surface, be an impediment to now process technology, Tool and Die Technology, the product that this generic request is arranged is difficult to implement, thereby in product design, avoid these characteristic needs mostly, quite a lot of products can not be added lustre for it, and in suitable scope, and the application of this method can reduce production costs significantly and expand product category easily.This also is maximum characteristics of the present invention and maximum superiority.
All are curved surfaces with holes among the embodiment, the band curved surface of column is identical with curved surface preparation method with holes.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of with holes/manufacture method of curved surface of column, it is characterized in that: after described curved surface is the plane substrate that processes with conventional plane processing method, form through external force flexural deformation again, the perforate or the column of the processing of useful conventional plane processing method on the substrate on plane, on described substrate, have simultaneously a kind of narrow groove of pass-through type of the perforation whole base plate thickness at the substrate edges opening, and be provided with a kind of thickness and only be the deformable section of substrate portion thicknesses on the one side of substrate or two, described deformable section and the narrow groove of pass-through type are divided into each fritter with substrate; By changing size and Orientation to different parts active force on the substrate, make substrate along the bending of deformable section, can obtain the continuous variable curved surface from the plane to the curved surface.
2, according to claim 1 a kind of with holes/manufacture method of curved surface of column, it is characterized in that: make guard circle around at described substrate aperture/post position, it can be the circle, square or surrounded by arbitrary curve of sealing.
3, according to claim 2 a kind of with holes/manufacture method of curved surface of column, it is characterized in that: described deformable section can be the whole concave surface beyond the guard circle position; Correspondingly, whole concave surface constitutes each fritter of substrate.
4, according to claim 1 a kind of with holes/manufacture method of curved surface of column, it is characterized in that: described deformable section, it can be a concave grooves of making wire on substrate.
5, according to claim 1 a kind of with holes/manufacture method of curved surface of column, it is characterized in that: described deformable section, it can be interrupted penetrating mode.
6, according to claim 1 a kind of with holes/manufacture method of curved surface of column, it is characterized in that: described deformable section, design is entad annular distribution.
7, according to claim 1 a kind of with holes/manufacture method of curved surface of column, it is characterized in that: the narrow groove of described pass-through type, it can be linearity, polyline shaped, arc shaped with curvilinear.
8, according to claim 1 or 7 described a kind of with holes/manufacture method of curved surface of column, it is characterized in that: the narrow groove of described pass-through type can be to be that the pure radiant type of feature is arranged with single sensing end.
9, according to claim 1 or 7 described a kind of with holes/manufacture method of curved surface of column, it is characterized in that: the narrow groove of described pass-through type, can be that to point to end with the centre be cardinal extremity, after making first run RADIATION DECOMPOSITION, in each first run radiation areas, make time radiation cardinal extremity, and spoke side is a basic point in proper order, makes a time RADIATION DECOMPOSITION of taking turns and divides, and the narrow groove of described pass-through type is radiant type again and arranges.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100607922A CN100366358C (en) | 2005-09-16 | 2005-09-16 | Making process of curved surface with hole/column |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2005100607922A CN100366358C (en) | 2005-09-16 | 2005-09-16 | Making process of curved surface with hole/column |
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| CN1739877A true CN1739877A (en) | 2006-03-01 |
| CN100366358C CN100366358C (en) | 2008-02-06 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102513794A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-06-27 | 太原重工股份有限公司 | Method for bending and cutting plate with notch |
| CN103934362A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2014-07-23 | 武汉理工大学 | Hole forming curve-shaped sectional material part bending machining method |
| CN112046626A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2020-12-08 | 天津艾康尼克新能源汽车有限公司 | Rear portion guide plate and vehicle |
| CN112165298A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-01 | 晶科能源有限公司 | Photovoltaic frame, photovoltaic assembly and manufacturing method of photovoltaic frame |
| CN112234930A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-15 | 晶科能源有限公司 | Strip-shaped section bar and photovoltaic frame |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN2156963Y (en) * | 1993-07-03 | 1994-02-23 | 陈辉 | Sheet puncher |
| US6640605B2 (en) * | 1999-01-27 | 2003-11-04 | Milgo Industrial, Inc. | Method of bending sheet metal to form three-dimensional structures |
| KR20030050536A (en) * | 2001-12-19 | 2003-06-25 | 김남식 | The Cut and Curve Structure Of In and Out Materials With Metal Plate Of Its Surface |
| JP4585165B2 (en) * | 2002-08-13 | 2010-11-24 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Method of manufacturing metal plate having curved surface, apparatus for manufacturing the same, and metal plate having curved surface |
| RU2243843C1 (en) * | 2003-04-29 | 2005-01-10 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие Центральный научно-исследовательский институт технологии судостроения (ФГУП ЦНИИТС) | Method for shaping double-curvature sheet parts |
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2005
- 2005-09-16 CN CNB2005100607922A patent/CN100366358C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102513794A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-06-27 | 太原重工股份有限公司 | Method for bending and cutting plate with notch |
| CN103934362A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2014-07-23 | 武汉理工大学 | Hole forming curve-shaped sectional material part bending machining method |
| CN103934362B (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2016-01-06 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of perforate curved section bar spares bend processing method |
| CN112046626A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2020-12-08 | 天津艾康尼克新能源汽车有限公司 | Rear portion guide plate and vehicle |
| CN112046626B (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2023-09-19 | 天津天汽集团有限公司 | Rear guide plate and vehicle |
| CN112165298A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-01 | 晶科能源有限公司 | Photovoltaic frame, photovoltaic assembly and manufacturing method of photovoltaic frame |
| CN112234930A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-15 | 晶科能源有限公司 | Strip-shaped section bar and photovoltaic frame |
| US11356053B2 (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2022-06-07 | Jinko Solar Co., Ltd. | Photovoltaic frame, photovoltaic module and method for manufacturing photovoltaic frame |
| CN112234930B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-08-05 | 晶科能源股份有限公司 | Strip-shaped section bar and photovoltaic frame |
| US11545930B2 (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2023-01-03 | Jinko Solar Co., Ltd. | Photovoltaic frame, photovoltaic module and method for manufacturing photovoltaic frame |
| US11888437B2 (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2024-01-30 | Jinko Solar Co., Ltd. | Photovoltaic frame, photovoltaic module and method for manufacturing photovoltaic frame |
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