Background technology
With reducing sugar nutritive substances such as glucose, Sionits is raw material sugar, under the fermentative action of corresponding enzyme, bacterium, produce organic acid production, become many organic acids as the main production method of citric acid, lactic acid, the acid of ancient dragon, pyruvic acid, fumaric acid, kojic acid, succsinic acid, methylene-succinic acid etc.During the fermentation owing to the raw material sugar that adds can not all be utilized; While except that raw material sugar, is carried polysaccharide, non-reducing sugar etc. secretly toward contact in as the nutritive substance that adds fermentation system, can not be by the fermentation utilization.Therefore when fermentative production finishes, except that having corresponding organic acid, protein, pigment, colloid thing, inorganic salt are arranged still in the fermented liquid; And the residual sugar of forming by raw material reducing sugar, polysaccharide, non-reducing sugar etc.
All organic acid fermentation liquid all need by process for separating and purifying, remove the impurity (protein, pigment, colloid thing, inorganic salt, residual sugar etc.) that wherein exists, to obtain high-quality organic acid production.The process for separating and purifying that adopts in the industrial production is generally salt precipitation method, resin absorption desorption method, organic solvent extractionprocess etc. at present.
The citric acid extraction method that is most widely used as China is a calcium salt precipitation method: citric acid fermentation broth is the elimination solid slag after heat treated, add the neutralization of lime carbonate or milk of lime again, formation citrate of lime precipitation is separated with the fermented waste fluid (being commonly called as useless syrup) that contains impurity such as residual sugar, albumen, salt and pigment after filtration; Citrate of lime generates citric acid through sulfuric acid solution again.The principal feature of this method is that technical maturity is reliable.The subject matter that exists is that operational path is long, cost is high, extract yield is low, citric acid finished product per ton will consume 1 ton of sulfuric acid and 1 ton of lime carbonate (stone flour), and it is very big to produce a large amount of waste gas, waste water, waste residue (produce 1 ton of citric acid and will produce 480 kilograms of carbonic acid gas, 40 cubic metres of waste water and 2 tons of calcium sulfate waste residues) disposal of three wastes amount.
Adopt the resin absorption desorption method as ancient dragon acid purification, this method is with fermented liquid sodium salt by the ancient dragon acid of 732 Hydrogen ion exchange resin column partial acidifications behind standing sedimentation, regulate pH to isoelectric points of proteins, and heating is solidified egg matter in vain, isolate mycelia, albumen and the particulate of cohesion then with high speed centrifugation, clear liquid is adsorbed by cationic exchange coloum once more, and all acid turns to ancient imperial aqueous acid, carries out condensing crystal again.This technology is by removing albumen with h type resin adjust pH to isoelectric points of proteins post-heating, should consume energy, cause the degraded loss of effective constituent again, fermented liquid directly feeds ion exchange column, make resin surface seriously polluted, exchange capacity descends, and passes through resin column twice, bring large quantity of moisture into, increase the energy consumption when concentrating.In this process, also need to use the acid-alkali regeneration resin in a large number, cause serious environmental pollution, need carry out the three wastes and handle.
All organic acid productions by fermentative Production are as similar problem more than all existing in the purification separating technology of citric acid, lactic acid, the acid of ancient dragon, pyruvic acid, fumaric acid, kojic acid, succsinic acid, methylene-succinic acid etc.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to seek a kind ofly from organic acid fermentation liquid and corresponding organic acid production mother liquor, separate the method for residual sugar, adopt the high efficiency chromatography separation method, to obtain corresponding organic acid production with purification of organic acid.
According to design provided by the present invention:
A, bulk resin are synthetic: with the monomer that contains mono-vinyl with carry out suspension copolymerization after the linking agent that contains polyene-based mixes and react the bulk resin of generation gel-type cross-linked network alternate copolymer;
The basic anion functionalizing of b, resin matrix: the bulk resin of above-mentioned acquisition is carried out amination or chloromethylation and ammoniumization/or quaternized, make basic resin;
The generation of c, resin: the acrylic acid series basic resin cooperated with inorganic acid radical ion and/or organic acid ion reach capacity, promptly obtain corresponding resin;
D, separation are purified: with organic acid fermentation liquid and corresponding organic acid production mother liquor, being equipped with the acrylic acid series basic resin is in the separation system of simulated moving bed chromatography of stationary phase sorbent material, employing water is eluent, separation temperature is 35 ℃~95 ℃, the corresponding resin that produces behind carrier and inorganic acid radical ion and/or the organic acid ion coordination; Utilize their alkaline functional base and the avidity difference between coordination acid group and each organic acid and the residual sugar, realize the separation fully between organic acid and the residual sugar, make the high purity organic acid soln, concentrated, the crystallization through routine obtains organic acid production again.
The monomer of mono-vinyl is vinylbenzene or acrylic or methacrylic acid or vinyl cyanide or acrylate or methacrylic ester or vinyl pyridine or its combination, and the add-on of mono-vinyl is 88%~97% of a total reaction system weight.
When the bulk resin of above-mentioned acquisition is the acrylic acid series bulk resin, under the swelling of divinylbenzene or methyl phenyl ketone, carry out amination with polyethylene polyamine, make the acrylic acid series basic resin;
When the bulk resin of above-mentioned acquisition is when containing between the gel of styryl or macroporous type cross-linked network poly-bulk resin, need obtain containing the strongly basic anionic resin of ammonium functional group through chloromethylation and ammoniumization/or quaternized;
Perhaps, the bulk resin of above-mentioned acquisition is the reaction of acrylic acid series bulk resin and dimethylaminopropylamine, makes the vinylformic acid weak base resin, through chloromethylation and ammoniumization/or quaternized, makes poly-hydroxy quaternary ammonium strongly basic anionic resin again.
The inorganic acid radical ion is sulfate radical or nitrate radical or salt acid group or phosphate radical, and inorganic acid radical ionic add-on is saturated for reaching bulk resin absorption; The organic acid ion is meant citrate or lactate or ancient imperial acid group or acetone acid group or fumaric acid radical or kojic acid root or amber acid radical or itaconate, and organic acid ionic add-on is saturated for reaching bulk resin absorption.
Add pore-creating agent in the suspension copolymerization reaction, to generate macroporous type cross-linked network alternate copolymer, pore-creating agent is toluene or 200# gasoline or paraffin or lipid acid or the pure and mild alkane that has 4~10 carbon atoms, and its consumption is 10%~60% of a mono-vinyl gross weight.
Described polyethylene polyamine is diethylenetriamine or triethylene tetramine or tetraethylene pentamine, and the excessive adding of polyethylene polyamine reaches capacity the bulk resin reaction, and the residue polyethylene polyamine is recycling in the secondary response down; Described polyene-based linking agent comprises divinylbenzene or triethylene benzene or two propylene benzene or methacrylic acid glycol ester or trimethylammonium vinylformic acid glyceryl ester or trimerization triallyl isocyanurate, and the content of polyene-based linking agent is 4%~25% of total reaction system weight.
Bulk resin and tetraethylene pentamine were reacted 8 hours in 130~150 ℃ of reactions, generated many ammoniums resin, methylated with formaldehyde or formic acid again, obtained the tertiary amine resin; Further alkylation obtains strongly basic anion exchange resin;
Perhaps bulk resin and dimethylaminopropylamine reaction makes the vinylformic acid weak base resin, uses N again, and N-dimethylated propyl diethylenetriamine and cross linked polyacrylate methyl esters obtain containing the weak base resin of tertiary amine base 175 ℃ of reactions;
The weak base resin that will contain the tertiary amine base is added in the autoclave with the aqueous solution that is dissolved with yellow soda ash, feeds methyl chloride more than 0.3Mpa, and reacts 18 hours under this pressure, obtains basic resin; Under alkaline condition, carry out alkylation with chloroethanol, make poly-hydroxy quaternary ammonium strongly basic anionic resin.
Acrylate is methyl acrylate or ethyl propenoate or propyl acrylate or isopropyl acrylate or butyl acrylate or tert-butyl acrylate, and methacrylic ester is methyl methacrylate or Jia Jibingxisuanyizhi or propyl methacrylate or isopropyl methacrylate or butyl methacrylate or methacrylic tert-butyl acrylate; Vinyl pyridine is 2-vinylpyridine or 4-vinylpyridine.
Organic acid fermentation liquid directly enters simulation moving-bed the separation with corresponding organic acid production mother liquor, obtains organic acid production solution.
Simulation moving-bed device is to be connected in series by the chromatographic column more than 4 or 4, the loop system that becomes head and the tail to connect; Every post all has discharge port, opening for feed, circulation port, water-in; Whole simulated moving bed chromatography system chuck heat tracing guarantees that bed is between the setting steady temperature; Whole simulated moving bed chromatography system adopts the computer auto-control mode to change the position of discharge port, opening for feed, circulation port, water-in, thereby realizes charging, water inlet, preceding component discharging, the simultaneously continuous operation of back component discharging.
According to the position of feed inlet and outlet and circulation port, all placed in-line chromatographic columns are divided into 4 districts in the system:
The I district: organic acid solution exports to organic acid fermentation liquid and corresponding organic acid production mother liquor opening for feed, is called to extract the district;
The II district: organic acid fermentation liquid and corresponding organic acid production mother liquor opening for feed are called enrichment region to the outlet of residual sugar liquid;
The III district: residual sugar liquid exports to the eluting water inlet, is called and resolves the district;
The IV district: enter the mouth organic acid solution outlet of eluting water is called the race way.
The outstanding advantage that the present invention has is as follows: 1. organic acid and residual sugar have fabulous adsorption separation performance on this resin, realize the good separation between organic acid and the residual sugar substantially; 2. adopt the moving-bed continuous chromatography to separate; Resin utilization ratio height; 3. production process full-automation, labour intensity is low, and production site is little; 4. production cost is low, separates every cubic metre of organic acid fermentation liquid and corresponding organic acid production mother liquor, only needs 1 cubic metre~4 cubic metres water and a small amount of; 5. do not use any chemical in the production process, produce without any polluting.
Embodiment
The main technical schemes of the inventive method has comprised: 1) the synthetic extraordinary fractionation by adsorption resin that is fit to separating organic acid and residual sugar; 2) organic acid fermentation liquid is entered with corresponding organic acid production mother liquor be equipped with 1) described in organic acid is separated in the separation system of simulated moving bed chromatography of resin with residual sugar, obtain containing the organic acid soln of higher degree (>99%); 3) obtain organic acid production through concentrated, crystallization.
The extraordinary resin for preparing among the present invention is for containing vinylbenzene, and/or acrylate, and/or methacrylic ester, and/or vinyl cyanide, and/or the cross-linked network alternate copolymer of vinyl pyridine etc., belong to basic anion resinous type and they cooperate the back to produce as carrier with inorganic and/or organic acid ion resin.They comprise three operations:
1. bulk resin is synthetic
Contain in the monomer of mono-vinyl at employed one or more of preparation crosslinked alternate copolymer of the present invention.A kind of is styrene-based monomers; The indefiniteness example of another kind of described vinyl monomer comprises vinylbenzene, vinylformic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl cyanide, acrylate (comprising methyl acrylate, ethyl propenoate, propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate), methacrylic ester (comprising) as methyl methacrylate, Jia Jibingxisuanyizhi, propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methacrylic tert-butyl acrylate, vinyl pyridine (comprising 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine etc.) and its mixture.Be preferably methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, 4-vinylpyridine etc.
Be in the present invention with one or more monomers that contain mono-vinyl with carry out the suspension copolymerization reaction after the linking agent that contains polyene-based mixes, generate gel-type cross-linked network alternate copolymer.Also can in the suspension copolymerization reaction, add pore-creating agent, to generate macroporous type cross-linked network alternate copolymer.
Used pore-creating agent can be a toluene in the crosslinked alternate copolymer of synthetic macroporous netlike of indication of the present invention, 200# gasoline, and paraffin, lipid acid, or have the pure and mild alkane etc. of 4~10 carbon atoms, above various pore-creating agents are mixed to use also being fine.Its consumption can be 10%~60% of a polymerization single polymerization monomer total amount, and the best is 20%~30%.
The polyene-based linking agent of indication comprises divinylbenzene among the present invention, triethylene benzene, and two propylene benzene, methacrylic acid glycol ester, trimethylammonium vinylformic acid glyceryl ester, or the trimerization triallyl isocyanurate etc., content is 4%~25%, the best is 8%~15%.
In the preparation method of bulk resin of the present invention, the reaction conditions of described suspension polymerization can be a suspension reaction condition well-known in the art.The temperature of reaction of described suspension reaction is 60~110 ℃, is preferably 75~90 ℃ preferably in the example at one of the present invention, and pressure is normal pressure, and the time that reaction is carried out is 4~10 hours, is preferably 6~7 hours.
2. the basic anion functionalizing of resin matrix
The synthetic bulk resin that obtains of the present invention is as for containing acrylate-based and/or methacrylate based gel or macroporous type cross-linked network alternate copolymer, bulk resin under the swelling of divinylbenzene or methyl phenyl ketone with various kinds of amine (CONH (C such as diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, polyethylene polyamine
2H
4NH)
2H ,-CONH (C
2H
4NH)
3H ,-CONH (C
2H
4NH)
4H) carry out aminolysis, make the acrylic acid series weak base resin.In 130~150 ℃ of reactions (8 hours), generate many ammoniums resin as bulk resin and tetraethylene pentamine, methylate with formaldehyde, formic acid again, can obtain the tertiary amine resin; Further alkylation can obtain strongly basic anion exchange resin (CONH (C
2H
4NCH
3)
4CH
3).
Bulk resin and dimethylaminopropylamine reaction make the vinylformic acid weak base resin.Use N, N-dimethylated propyl diethylenetriamine and cross linked polyacrylate methyl esters also can obtain containing the weak base resin of tertiary amine base 175 ℃ of reactions.The synthetic method of strong basicity acrylic resin is to be with the resin of tertiary amine base and the aqueous solution that is dissolved with yellow soda ash to be added in the autoclave, feeds methyl chloride and goes directly to more than the 0.3Mpa, and reacted 18 hours under this pressure, obtains basic resin; Under alkaline condition, carry out alkylation with chloroethanol, can make poly-hydroxy quaternary ammonium strongly basic anionic resin.
The present invention is synthetic obtain as being poly-bulk resin between the gel that contains styryl or macroporous type cross-linked network, need obtain containing the strongly basic anionic resin of ammonium functional group through chloromethylation and ammoniumization/or quaternized.The reaction conditions of chloromethylation of Cai Yonging and ammoniumization is that those of ordinary skills are well-known in the methods of the invention.
One of the present invention is preferably in the example, described chloromethylation and ammoniumization/or the quaterisation condition be:
Chloromethylation: at volume is in the chloromethyl methyl ether of bulk resin amount 200%~800% (being preferably 400%~500%), at room temperature makes bulk resin expand more than 4 hours.Then under agitation (room temperature) divided three times every half an hour and added aluminum trichloride (anhydrous), and add-on is bulk resin amount 20%~80% (being preferably 30%~50%).Heat up 25~70 ℃ (being preferably 35~40 ℃), reacted 8 hours.Product gets chloromethylation pearl body after methanol wash.
Ammoniumization: at volume is in the benzene of the chloromethylation pearl scale of construction 100%~300% (being preferably 150%~180%), at room temperature makes the chlorine ball expand more than 4 hours.Constantly stir down 5~70 ℃ (being preferably 10~20 ℃), in 6 hours, drip the Trimethylamine 99 methanol solution 100%~300% (being preferably 180%~220%) of 33% concentration.After the Trimethylamine 99 methanol solution dropwises, be warming up to 15~70 ℃ (being preferably 25~30 ℃), reaction is more than 9 hours, suction filtration is removed mother liquor, dries up in hot blast, soaks with saturated brine, add hydrochloric acid transition and dilute gradually, must contain the strongly basic anionic resin product of ammonium functional group with tap water.
Quaternized: as in volume is the chloromethyl ether mixed solvent of ethylene dichloride and 200%~800% (being preferably 380%~420%) of bulk resin amount 200%~800% (being preferably 380%~420%), to place and spend the night.Temperature control is below 30 ℃, and average mark adds (half an hour at interval) zinc chloride of bulk resin amount 20%~100% (being preferably 3 8%~42%) for three times altogether under stirring, and is warming up to 45 degree after 1 hour, is incubated 8 hours.Reduce to the normal temperature after-filtration, be washed to pH=2~3; After blotting rinse water, drip the Trimethylamine 99 of bulk resin amount 50%~400% (being preferably 180%~200%), in 25~70 ℃ (being preferably 40~50 ℃) down insulation 8 hours, filter, wash the strongly basic anionic resin product that must contain the quaternary ammonium functional group after the drying with water.
Applied all cpds, catalyzer and reaction method all were applicable to the present invention during general resin anion(R.A) was synthetic.
3. the generation of resin
With each basic anion resinous type of gained in 2, cooperate with inorganic and/or organic acid ion to reach capacity, promptly obtain corresponding resin.The inorganic acid radical ion of above indication is meant as sulfate radical, nitrate radical, salt acid group, phosphate radical etc.; The organic acid ion of indication is meant citrate, lactate, ancient imperial acid group, acetone acid group, fumaric acid radical, kojic acid root, amber acid radical, itaconate etc.
By obtained each basic anion resinous type in above the 2nd operation, when handling organic acid fermentation liquid and corresponding organic acid production mother liquor, also can cooperate with them automatically to reach capacity, produce chelate effect; Therefore they and the corresponding resin that produces after as carrier and inorganic and/or organic acid ion coordination by obtained basic anion resin in the 3rd operation; All can utilize their alkaline functional base and the avidity difference between coordination acid group and each organic acid and the residual sugar, realize the separation fully between organic acid and the residual sugar.
The resin of the present invention's preparation has higher physical stability than general commercial resin, and mill back rate of small round spheres>99% is applicable to 90 ℃ of left and right sides prolonged operation temperature.This resin has very high adsorptive capacity to organic acid, thereby can get at least 10%, generally can reach 10%~30% high density organic acid parting liquid.
Adopting extraordinary resin of the present invention in the moving bed imitation chromatogram separation facility of the present invention is the stationary phase sorbent material, and employing water is eluent, and separation temperature is 35 ℃~95 ℃, and optimum temps is 70 ℃.Carry out charging, discharging operation continuously, can obtain two class discharging solution simultaneously.
Organic acid fermentation liquid and corresponding organic acid production mother liquor enter system when separating, and can obtain two class solution, and a class is for being rich in the solution of organic acid (organic acid purity 95%~99.9%, general>99%); Another kind of for mainly containing the solution of sugar (organic acid concentration 0.1%~1.5%, general<1%).
Simulation moving-bed device of the present invention is to be connected in series by the chromatographic column more than 4 or 4, the loop system that becomes head and the tail to connect.Every post all has discharge port, opening for feed, circulation port, water-in.Whole simulated moving bed chromatography system heat tracing guarantees that bed is within the setting steady temperature.The present invention adopts the computer auto-control mode to change the position of discharge port, opening for feed, circulation port, water-in, thereby realizes charging, water inlet, preceding component discharging, the simultaneously continuous operation of back component discharging.
According to the position of feed inlet and outlet and circulation port, all placed in-line chromatographic columns can be divided into 4 districts in the system.
The I district: organic acid solution exports to organic acid fermentation liquid and corresponding organic acid production mother liquor opening for feed, is called to extract the district.
The II district: organic acid fermentation liquid and corresponding organic acid production mother liquor opening for feed are called enrichment region to the outlet of residual sugar liquid.
The III district: residual sugar liquid exports to the eluting water inlet, is called and resolves the district.
The IV district: enter the mouth organic acid solution outlet of eluting water is called the race way.
Next step comes further to introduce technology of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Citric acid mother liquor: 70 ℃ of temperature
Resinous type: 20% vinylbenzene and 80% methyl acrylate synthetic basic anion resin
Charging: citric acid concentration 67%; Residual sugar amount (after diluting 10 times) 0.5 with easy carbon index expression
By simulation moving-bed, simulation moving-bed operational condition is as follows with this mother liquor: 70 ℃ of separation temperatures, and system pressure 1.1Mpa, the feed liquid inlet amount is 1L/h, and the eluting water inlet amount is 3.5L/h, and charging reached balance after 24 hours.The discharging situation that obtains is as follows
Citric acid discharging: citric acid concentration 32%; Residual sugar amount (with easy carbon index expression) 0.04 (volume is 2 times of charging citric acid mother liquor)
Residual sugar discharging: citric acid concentration 1.1%; Residual sugar amount (with easy carbon index expression) 0.78 (volume is 3 times of charging citric acid mother liquor)
Embodiment 2
Lactic fermentation concentrated solution: 70 ℃ of temperature
Resinous type: 40% vinylbenzene and 60% methacrylic acid synthetic basic anion resin
Charging: lactic acid concn 45%; Residual sugar amount (after diluting 20 times) 0.88 with easy carbon index expression
By simulation moving-bed, simulation moving-bed operational condition is as follows with this mother liquor: 70 ℃ of separation temperatures, and system pressure 1.1Mpa, the feed liquid inlet amount is 1L/h, and the eluting water inlet amount is 3.5L/h, and charging reached balance after 24 hours.The discharging situation that obtains is as follows
Lactic acid discharging: lactic acid concn 21%; Residual sugar amount (after diluting 5 times) 0.03 (volume is 1.5 times of charging lactic fermentation concentrated solution) with easy carbon index expression
Residual sugar discharging: lactic acid concn 0.4%; Residual sugar amount (after diluting 5 times) 0.9 (volume is 3.5 times of charging lactic fermentation concentrated solution) with easy carbon index expression
Embodiment 3
Gulonic acid mother solution:
Resinous type: ethyl propenoate synthetic basic anion resin
Charging: ancient imperial acid concentration 66% (wherein concentration of oxalic acid 7%); Residual sugar amount (after diluting 100 times) 0.86 with easy carbon index expression
By simulation moving-bed, simulation moving-bed operational condition is as follows with this mother liquor: 35 ℃ of separation temperatures, and system pressure 1.1Mpa, the feed liquid inlet amount is 1L/h, and the eluting water inlet amount is 3.5L/h, and charging reached balance after 24 hours.The discharging situation that obtains is as follows
Ancient imperial sour discharging: ancient imperial acid concentration 40%; Residual sugar amount (after diluting 5 times) 0.5 (volume is 1.5 times of charging lactic fermentation concentrated solution) with easy carbon index expression
Residual sugar discharging: concentration of oxalic acid 2.2%; Residual sugar amount (after diluting 25 times) 0.9 (volume is 2.5 times of charging lactic fermentation concentrated solution) with easy carbon index expression.