CN1726717A - 用于多描述编码/可分级编码的转换方法 - Google Patents

用于多描述编码/可分级编码的转换方法 Download PDF

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CN1726717A
CN1726717A CNA2003801058512A CN200380105851A CN1726717A CN 1726717 A CN1726717 A CN 1726717A CN A2003801058512 A CNA2003801058512 A CN A2003801058512A CN 200380105851 A CN200380105851 A CN 200380105851A CN 1726717 A CN1726717 A CN 1726717A
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stream
channel
network
video
error correction
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M·范德沙尔
Q·李
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
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  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)

Abstract

提供一种系统和方法，用于在多描述编码和可分级编码之间根据网络特征进行转换，以及使用了前向纠错(FEC)和可分级或优先化的视频。

Description

用于多描述编码/可分级编码的转换方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于根据信道特征在多描述编码(MDC)和可分级(scalable)编码(SC)之间进行空中转换的系统和方法。本发明的系统和方法还可以使用可分级的或者优先的编码流以及前向纠错(FEC)保护来实施。
背景技术
多描述编码(MDC)的目的在于在最佳效果的网络上传输，可分级编码(SC)通常旨在具有某种服务质量(QoS)保证的网络上传输。多描述编码(MDC)是用于通过将视频编码成多个独立可解码的流并且每个流都有它自已的预期过程和状态为防止误差传播问题而设计的多描述编码的一种形式。如果一个流丢失，还可以对于其它的流进行解码以产生可以使用的视频，并且最重要的是，正确接收的流还可以提供双向的(以前的和将来的)信息，这个信息可以改善遭到破坏的流的状态恢复。可以使用用于数据分组网络的路径分集传输系统来进行多描述编码的传输，在不同的路径上明显的发送数据分组的不同子集，这与数据分组沿单个路径前进的缺省情景相反，由此可以实现端对端的视频应用，以便有效地查看具有改善丢失特性的虚拟信道。例如，这种视频应用有效地查看了平均的路径行为，这与查看任何单个的随机路径的行为相比通常提供较好的性能。
分层的或者可分级的方法主要用于使数据优先化并因此可支持数据的智能丢弃(在仍旧保持可用的视频的同时，强化的数据可能被丢失或被丢弃)，然而，如果在基层中存在误差，则视频可能完全丢失。
多描述编码试图通过把信号编码成多个比特流因而可以使用任何一个比特流解码基线信号来解决这个问题，任何附加的比特流都能改善重构信号的质量。
多描述编码还可以成功地与可分级编码组合，以改善当使用路径分集时的可分级编码的编码效率。例如，如果网络可以优先化数据分组，可以使用可分级编码来编码各种描述。
使用前向纠错(FEC)代码的通用的“多描述”源编码技术是一种已经提出的在最佳效果网络(如因特网)上实现可靠和有效的视频流和多点传送的方法，见1999年10月在Pacific Grove CA的有关“信号、系统和计算机”的第33次Asilomar会议R.Puri和K.Ramchandran的“通过前向纠错码的多描述源编码”，在这里参照引用了这篇文章，就像它在这里提出的一样。按照这种方法，把来自源编码器的顺序比特流分割成N层或质量级别，并且对所说的比特流进行或者不进行这种可分级编码。可以将这些比特流如图1所示进行优先化。然后，使用前向纠错来产生N个分割(见图2)。然后，使用不同的信道(例如使用不同的物理路径或不同的路由)来传输这N个分割。
按照另一种方式，还可以将顺序(progressive)比特流用于使用不同的信道进行优先化传输，并且还可以使用前向纠错为所述的编码提供附加的恢复能力，见P.A.Chou，A.E.Hohr，A.Wang和S.Mehrotra的“FEC和用于接收器驱动的分层FEC的伪ARQ”(DCC，Snowbird，UT，2000年3月)，在这里参照引用了这篇文章，就好像它在这里提出的一样。
多描述编码的目的在于实现最佳效果的传输，而可分级编码旨在在具有服务质量(QoS)的、并且支持优先化传输和/或差分保护的网络上传输。因此，如果信道特征发生动态改变，或者如果在比特流穿过不同的网络时信道特征在网络的两端发生变化，一种方法或者另一种方法可能变为无效的并且不再稳固。本发明的系统和方法允许灵活地适应这些变化的信道特征，同时还能提供如下的优点：视频和信道数据只能编码一次，视频流还能适应变化的网络特征。
发明内容
本发明包括一对多信道传输协议(见图4和图5)以及在多描述编码流的描述(见图2)和可分级编码的编码流的层(见图3)之间的一种映射(见图6)，所说可分级编码的编码流使用了加到初始的可分级的或者优先化的视频流的前向纠错。使用适当的多信道传输协议来传输编码流，当在网关接收到这种编码流时，所说的编码流按照网络条件的命令在多描述编码和可分级编码之间映射，如图7所示。
在一个优选实施例中，对一个原始的视频流进行编码，以使编码的信息可以被优先化703。然后，根据信道条件使用图2和图3的对应的格式以及图4和图5的对应的多信道流模型，对这个优先化的视频流703进行相应的重新安排和传输，使其成为多描述编码流或者可分级编码流。当这个流的数据分组到达一个网关的时候，按照那时的当前网络条件707重新评估对于多描述编码或可分级编码的选择。如果条件表示这个传输协议不再有效，则在多描述编码和可分级编码的编码流之间实现映射以重新安排数据，并且使用适当的多信道的流系统来传输重新安排的视频数据。优先化的视频流的下面(underlying)的编码没有发生变化。
本发明可以用在多媒体网关的实施方案中，这个实施方案要求可靠的流动视频和从网络存储器播放媒体的多媒体服务器。
附图说明
图1表示来自源编码器的顺序比特流，它已经分割成N层或质量级别；
图2表示使用前向纠错(FEC)代码的N个描述的通用的多描述编码；
图3表示使用由前向纠错提供的不同的、不相等的误差保护的可分级编码(SC)流的传输；
图4表示用于可分级视频和保护传输的多信道流系统；
图5表示用于多描述和保护传输的多信道流系统；
图6表示按照本发明的在多描述编码和可分级编码的数据分组流之间的映射；
图7表示按照本发明的端对端的传输以及在发送器和接收器之间与原始视频流的传输有关的处理事件。
具体实施方式
当前，在因特网中的网络开关(网关)没有解释数据分组的结构或内容，按相似的方式处理所有的数据分组。进而，网关也没有提供阻塞反馈。对于发送器，只可以利用端对端的反馈(即来自接收器的反馈)，在一般情况下发送器必须探测网络才能获得有关连接条件的信息。一旦经过编码，编码的视频流在发送当中就不能重新格式化以适应网络条件的改变。
通过本发明的系统和方法，解决了在流动视频的需要和因特网传输协议之间这种失配。按照本发明，使用多描述编码(图2)和可分级编码(图3)的最佳选择格式化优先化编码的视频流，然后按照对应的多信道流协议系统(分别见图5和图4)发送所说的编码的视频流，其中的格式和流协议这两者都是符合本发明的系统和方法的。然后，在从发送器到接收器的路径中的每个网关，根据现存的信道条件重新评估多描述编码和可分级编码的选择，如果表示出存在到另一种格式的变化，则要完成在多描述编码和可分级编码之间的下面的优先化编码流的映射，见图6。这种映射是在空中为整个帧例如为一个数据分组块完成的，因此在每个网关都需要有足够大的缓冲空间用于映射流和映射流401，402的传输。在任何网关不需要视频数据或信道代码的任何重新编码/代码转换。
基于多描述编码的前向纠错将“优先化的”多分辨率比特流转换成“非优先化的”多描述数据分组流。假定顺序比特流在n个不同的位置10进行标记，见图2，则每个位置对应于一个质量层或分辨率层。当i个描述完成时，第i层应该是可以解码的。这就需要将第i质量层分割成i个相等的部分11，并且应用“里德 所罗门”编码(Reed Solomon coding)，以获得从第i层对n个描述中的每一个的贡献。从n个质量层中的每一个的贡献连接起来形成n个描述，如图2所示。以此方式，一个优选实施例的多描述前向纠错编码器可以将输入的顺序可分级编码的比特流转换成可靠的数据分组多描述流。
本发明的系统和方法允许单点传送和多点传送应用的传输。
于是，本发明的优选实施例解决了如下的两种情况：
A.最佳效果-＞网关-＞服务质量网络
在一开始使用可以优先化所说流的任何编码方法对数据进行编码，以便通过编码的n描述和前向纠错来映射所说流的优先化分量。例如(但不是限制性的)，一个顺序流是可分级编码的，并且通过编码的多个描述和前向纠错，分割基层BL和各个加强层EL的数据分组，如图2所示。然后将这样的多个描述作为多信道多描述编码流进行传输，如图5所示。
在通过多描述分割可分级编码视频流当中，重要性减小的N个源层20是通过强度减小的N个信道代码进行保护的。因为它的传输延迟相对小，使用前向纠错。前向纠错为压缩的视频比特流增加了冗余信息，以便在数据分组丢失的情况下可以重构原始的视频。
然后，如果网络条件的变化表明当所说的流到达网关时存在多描述编码到可分级编码的变化，则各种流收集为图3所示的格式，并且通过使用如图4所示的多信道可分级编码流模型，所说的流被重新发送可以作为单独的层、单独的前向纠错流，并且所说的流甚至于可以包括一个ARQ流。即，在图2中的前向纠错数据分组是在单独的轨道内发送的。如果信道条件良好，可以丢弃某些前向纠错数据分组。还有，通过复制某些最重要的视频数据分组并且以延迟的方式发送这些视频数据分组，可以发送一个单独的“自动重复请求”(ARQ)轨道。
B.服务质量网络-＞网关-＞最佳效果
对原始的视频流顺序地进行编码，并且对优先化的层进行如图3所示的前向纠错编码和组织，然后将各个层、前向纠错代码、甚至于还有ARQ流作为多信道可分级编码流发送出去，如图4所示。然后，在一个网关，如果信道条件表明需要改变，则使用本发明的映射(见图6)重新组织所说的可分级编码流，并且使用多描述编码专用的多流的流系统将其发送出去，如图5所示。
C.在多描述编码和可分级编码之间的映射
不管在哪种情况下，在多描述编码和可分级编码之间的变化都可以在空中进行，不需要视频数据或信道编码的任何重新编码/代码转换(见图6)。
D.多信道流模型
在另一个优选实施例中，对多信道流系统进行设计，以便通过允许与两个视频编码和信道编码格式相关的多个提示轨道操作，来允许多描述编码或者可分级编码的多信道发送。
E.编码原始视频流
这个实施例是利用可以优先化编码信息的任何编码器实现的。例如，可以使用可分级编码器(如FGS，子波编码)或者不可分级编码器(例如可优先化I、P、B帧或者使用不同优先级优先化几个分割中的数据的编码器，其中使用了例如数据分割技术等)。
由于适合于特定的网络要求和环境的其它的改进和变化对于本领域的普通技术人员来说都是显而易见的，不要认为本发明只限于为了公开的目的所选的这些实例，本发明覆盖了在所附的权利要求书范围内的所有变化和改进。

Claims (21)

1.一种设备，用于一个网关以根据网络信道条件在用于多描述和保护传输的多信道流系统与用于可分级视频和保护传输的多信道流系统之间进行转换，所说的设备包括：
多信道流系统，用于发送和接收至少两个编码格式，即，已经另外由前向纠错多描述编码的编码器编码的优先化编码的数据分组流的可分级的视频和保护格式；以及已经另外由前向纠错多描述编码的编码器编码的优先化编码的数据分组流的多描述和保护格式；和一个映射机构，用于在接收的多信道视频流的可分级视频和多描述格式之间进行映射，以便可以保存前向纠错多描述编码的优先化编码的分组流的视频数据编码和信道编码，其中：当多信道数据分组流是由网关接收的并且网络信道条件表示数据分组流的格式需要改变时，通过在多描述格式和可分级视频格式之间的映射机构映射接收的流，然后通过网关使用多信道流系统发送所说的流。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中：多信道流系统进一步还包括多个提示轨道，所说的多个提示轨道中的每一个都与所说的至少两种编码格式中的至少一种相关。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中：所说的多信道流系统进一步还包括：第一多信道流系统，用于按照所说的可分级视频和保护格式发送和接收视频流；和第二多信道流系统，用于按照所说的多描述和保护格式发送和接收视频流。
4.根据权利要求3所述的设备，其中：所说第一多信道流系统进一步还包括：多个信道，用于发送优先化的层，以此作为单独的一个流；至少一个前向纠错信道，用于发送包括前向纠错码在内的至少一个单独的流，其中根据良好的网络信道条件可以丢弃前向纠错分组；和一个“自动重复请求”信道，用于发送所说接收的视频流的至少一个最重要的视频数据分组，其中所说的“自动重复请求”信道是以延迟的方式发送的。
5.一种设备，用于一个源以编码原始视频流，以便根据网络信道条件在多信道流系统上传输和发送编码的流，所说的设备包括：一个编码器，用于编码和优先化原始视频流，使之成为重要性逐渐下降的n个分割；一个多描述-前向纠错编码器，多描述-前向纠错编码器通过一组n个描述来扩展n个分割，并且计算n个描述的信道代码，以使n个分割受到强度下降的n个信道代码的保护；多信道流系统，用于发送和接收至少两个编码格式，即，已经另外由前向纠错多描述编码的编码器编码的优先化编码的数据分组流的可分级的视频和保护格式，以及已经另外由前向纠错多描述编码的编码器编码的优先化编码的数据分组流的多描述和保护格式；和一个映射机构，用于根据网络信道条件将多描述-前向纠错编码的n个描述映射成所说至少两个编码格式中的一个，其中所说的源使用所说的编码器对于来自原始视频流的优先化的视频流进行多描述-前向纠错编码，并且根据网络信道条件使用所说的映射，以便将多描述-前向纠错编码的流映射到所说至少两个编码格式之一，并且使用所说的多信道流系统在网络上发送所说格式化的流。
6.根据权利要求5所述的设备，其中：多信道流系统进一步还包括多个提示轨道，所说的多个提示轨道中的每一个都与所说的至少两种编码格式中的至少一种相关。
7.根据权利要求5所述的设备，其中：多信道流系统进一步还包括：第一多信道流系统，用于所说的可分级视频和保护的发送和接收；和第二多信道流系统，用于所说的多描述和保护的发送和接收。
8.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中：所说第一多信道流系统进一步还包括：多个信道，用于同时发送优先化的层，以此作为单独的一个流；至少一个前向纠错信道，用于发送包括前向纠错码在内的至少一个单独的流，其中根据良好的网络信道条件可以丢弃前向纠错数据分组；和一个“自动重复请求”信道，用于发送所说接收的视频流的至少一个最重要的视频分组，其中所说的“自动重复请求”信道是以延迟的方式发送的。
9.一种网络，包括：至少一个原始视频流的至少一个源节点，所说至少一个源节点包括根据权利要求5所述的设备，用于使用所述多信道流系统在网络上编码和发送所说至少一个原始视频流；和至少一个网关节点，网关节点包括根据权利要求1所述的设备，用于按照网络条件接收、映射和发送多描述-前向纠错编码的流。
10.一种网络，包括：至少一个原始视频流的至少一个源节点，所说至少一个源节点包括根据权利要求6所述的设备，用于使用所述多信道流系统在网络上编码和发送所说至少一个原始视频流；和至少一个网关节点，网关节点包括根据权利要求2所述的设备，用于按照网络条件接收、映射和发送多描述-前向纠错编码的流。
11.一种网络，包括：至少一个原始视频流的至少一个源节点，所说至少一个源节点包括根据权利要求7所述的设备，用于使用所述多信道流系统在网络上编码和发送所说至少一个原始视频流；和至少一个网关节点，网关节点包括根据权利要求3所述的设备，用于按照网络条件接收、映射和发送多描述-前向纠错编码的流。
12.一种网络，包括：至少一个原始视频流的至少一个源节点，所说至少一个源节点包括根据权利要求8所述的设备，用于使用所述多信道流系统在网络上编码和发送所说至少一个原始视频流；和至少一个网关节点，网关节点包括根据权利要求4所述的设备，用于按照网络条件接收、映射和发送多描述-前向纠错编码的流。
13.一种方法，用于根据网络信道条件在用于多描述和保护传输的多信道流系统与用于可分级视频和保护传输的多信道流系统之间进行转换，所说的方法包括如下步骤：提供具有至少两个编码格式的多信道流系统：已经另外由前向纠错多描述编码的编码器编码的优先化编码的数据分组流的可分级的视频和保护格式；以及已经另外由前向纠错多描述编码的编码器编码的优先化编码的数据分组流的多描述和保护格式；接收按照所说至少两个编码格式之一格式化的多信道数据分组流；检测网络以获得信道条件；按照获得信道条件，在由接收的多信道视频流的格式确定的可分级视频和多描述格式之间进行映射，以便可以保存前向纠错多描述编码的优先化编码的数据分组流的视频数据编码和信道编码；利用所提供的多信道流系统重新发送映射的视频流。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中：提供所说多信道流系统的步骤进一步还包括如下步骤：提供多个提示轨道，所说的多个提示轨道中的每一个都与所说的至少两种编码格式中的至少一种相关。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中：提供所说多信道流系统的步骤进一步还包括如下步骤：提供第一多信道流系统，用于按照所说的可分级视频和保护格式发送和接收视频流；和提供第二多信道流系统，用于按照所说的多描述和保护格式发送和接收视频流。
16.一种方法，用于编码传输的原始视频流，以便根据网络信道条件在多信道流系统上发送由一个源产生的编码流，所说的方法包括如下步骤：编码和优先化原始视频流，使之成为重要性逐渐下降的n个分割；通过一组n个描述来扩展n个分割，并且计算n个描述的信道代码，以使n个分割受到强度下降的n个信道代码的优先化和保护；提供多信道流系统，用于发送和接收至少两个编码格式，即，可分级的视频和保护格式，以及多描述和保护格式；和根据网络信道条件将n个描述映射成所说至少两个编码格式中的一个；并且，通过所提供的多信道流系统发送所说映射的n个描述。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中：提供多信道流系统的步骤进一步还包括如下步骤：提供多个提示轨道，所说的多个提示轨道中的每一个都与所说的至少两种编码格式中的至少一种相关。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中：提供所说多信道流系统的步骤进一步还包括如下步骤：提供第一多信道流系统，用于所说的可分级视频和保护的发送和接收；和提供第二多信道流系统，用于所说的多描述和保护的发送和接收。
19.一种用于提供网络的方法，包括如下步骤：提供至少一个原始视频流的至少一个源节点；所说至少一个源节点执行根据权利要求16所述的方法，用于使用所述多信道流系统在网络上编码、保护和发送所说至少一个原始视频流；和提供至少一个网关节点；所说至少一个网关节点执行根据权利要求13所述的方法，用于按照网络条件接收、映射和重新发送所说编码的和保护的视频流。
20.一种用于提供网络的方法，包括如下步骤：提供至少一个原始视频流的至少一个源节点；所说至少一个源节点执行根据权利要求17所述的方法，用于使用所述多信道流系统在网络上编码、保护和发送所说至少一个原始视频流；和提供至少一个网关节点；所说至少一个网关节点执行根据权利要求13所述的方法，用于按照网络条件接收、映射和重新发送所说编码的和保护的视频流。
21.一种用于提供网络的方法，包括如下步骤：提供至少一个原始视频流的至少一个源节点；所说至少一个源节点执行根据权利要求18所述的方法，用于使用所述多信道流系统在网络上编码、保护和发送所说至少一个原始视频流；和提供至少一个网关节点；所说至少一个网关节点执行根据权利要求13所述的方法，用于按照网络条件接收、映射和重新发送所说编码的和保护的视频流。
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