CN1719781A - A kind of Ad hoc network TDMA slotted synchronous method - Google Patents
A kind of Ad hoc network TDMA slotted synchronous method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of Ad hoc network TDMA slotted synchronous method, may further comprise the steps: time division multiple access insert in each node in (TDMA) system the time unit first time slot of each time frame be set to the management time slot that is used to compete, and by electing time main controlled node and backup main controlled node, between main controlled node and all the other minor nodes, adopt the frequency hopping number to pass mode transmitting time synchronizing information and be provided with one change counter frequently realize receiving-transmitting sides to change the frequency benchmark consistent; Frame counter when setting up a time slot counter and one and realize each node time benchmark basically identical that whole network is upgraded and made to time synchronized between each node and time.The present invention is owing to adopt first time slot in each time frame to be set to the management time slot that is used to compete and count the method that the biography mode realizes slot synchronization in conjunction with frequency hopping, make the present invention pass through to make network have higher fail safe with time of internal nodes of network slot synchronization benchmark as whole network.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless network and insert the field, particularly a kind of in Ad hoc network, realize that time division multiple access inserts (Time Division Multiple Access, the TDMA) slotted synchronous method of system.
Background technology
Ad hoc network is a kind of self-organizing network of wireless, multi-hop.Node in the network is by means of the forwarding of other nodes, can realize and the communicating by letter of the outer node of signal cover.Because the mobility of node, the adding that node can be at any time or exit network, it is frequent to cause that network topology structure changes, and this makes the realization of the Ad hoc network difficulty that becomes.
It is a kind of typical access mode that TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) time division multiple access inserts, and the node in the network is by using time slot timesharing sharing wireless channel.This mode has solved the collision problem between the network user, has improved efficient, can guarantee the transmission of part real time data and voice service.Do not produce collision in order to ensure each user's transmission time slot, the whole network needs benchmark unified time, and time reference station otherwise broken hair synchronizing information are to keep the uniformity of benchmark.TDMA generally is applied in the single-hop communication occasion that contains Centroid, and as the sub-district in the cellular system, the node in the sub-district is through can access base station once jumping, between the base station by wired connection, therefore be easy to realize the whole network synchronously.Not existing in Ad Hoc network can be directly and the Centroid of all telex networks, network node generally will through multi-hop could with other node communication, in such network, use TDMA to insert, it is complicated that the slot synchronization problem becomes.So realize that one of the key issue based on the multi-hop Ad Hoc network of TDMA is exactly a slot synchronization.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of time division multiple access safe, that simply and reliably be applied in the Ad hoc network to insert (TDMA) system slotted synchronous method.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
A kind of Ad hoc network TDMA slotted synchronous method may further comprise the steps:
(1), time division multiple access insert in each node in (TDMA) system the time unit first time slot of each time frame be set to the management time slot that is used to compete, this slot transmission time synchronization information (TOD) frame;
(2), the management time slot in each node by elect time main controlled node and backup main controlled node and with all the other minor nodes according to its distance jumping divided rank with main controlled node;
(3), adopting the frequency hopping number to pass mode transmitting time synchronizing information (TOD) between main controlled node and all the other minor nodes makes the time reference of each node to the main controlled node snap to realize the frequency hopping between each minor node and the main controlled node synchronously;
(4), between main controlled node and all the other minor nodes, be provided with one change counter frequently come to concrete changing control in real time constantly frequently and make receiving-transmitting sides change frequently that benchmark is consistent;
(5) set up on each node one be used for the time slot counter of the inner counting of time frame and one be used for to the time time frame in the unit count time frame counter and realize each node time benchmark basically identical that whole network is upgraded and made to time synchronized between each node and time.
Wherein, be further to improve the reliability of data transmit-receive in this method, the front portion of each time slot in above-mentioned each time frame is set to the boundary belt that allows time slot to shake within the specific limits, to guarantee that packet is in internodal accurate transmission.
The present invention is owing to adopt first time slot in each time frame to be set to the management time slot that is used to compete and count the method that the biography mode realizes slot synchronization in conjunction with frequency hopping, the present invention can be utilized easily with time of internal nodes of network (main controlled node) slot synchronization benchmark as whole network, the appearance of the problem that the reliability of having avoided adopting the external clock source and having caused is low, and make whole network have higher fail safe by the closure of this network.Secondly, adopt by its management time slot that is used to compete and to elect time main controlled node and backup main controlled node, strengthened the survivability of system again widely, can further guarantee the fail safe of system.While is based on the slotted synchronous method of the frequency hopping number biography of physical layer, both can increase certain control and realize the synchronous of time slot on the synchronous basis of frequency hopping, and achieve control again simply, occupying system resources is few, need not transmit concrete temporal information in network, the network bandwidth that takies is few.This is very favourable for disposal ability limited Ad hoc node and little Ad hoc node and the less Ad hoc network of actual transmission bandwidth of actual transmission bandwidth.And the present invention utilizes in each time slot the method that increases boundary belt again, by sacrificing the bandwidth of small part, and effectively avoids having reduced the complexity that realizes for being difficult to estimate and less relatively propagation delay is estimated under mobile Ad hoc network environment.And allow time slot shake within the specific limits by between time slot, adding boundary belt, thus avoided the conflict that may exist in the junction in time crack, though sacrificed the sub-fraction bandwidth, can effectively improve the reliability of transmission.
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the structure of time division multiple access connecting system of the present invention time spent unit is formed schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is an Ad hoc planar network structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
As Fig. 1～shown in Figure 2, Ad hoc network TDMA slotted synchronous method of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1), time division multiple access insert in each node in (TDMA) system the time unit first time slot of each time frame be set to the management time slot that is used to compete, this time slot is used for transmission time synchronizing information (TOD) frame.
(2), the management time slot in each node is elected time main controlled node and the reliability of backup main controlled node to guarantee that the time slot benchmark is originated by the method for priority or the method for token, and according to the time reference of jumping divided rank with the distance of main controlled node and making each node of the whole network wherein to the main controlled node snap with all the other minor nodes in the network, the time main controlled node is except as the time reference, and other every functions are identical with other nodes in the network; When main controlled node can't be worked, rapidly backup node is upgraded to main controlled node.Node in the network is according to having divided grade with the jumping figure of main controlled node distance simultaneously, and the grade of main controlled node is up to 0 grade, and the every increase by of the nodal distance master control in all the other networks is jumped, and grade adds 1.In order to make the whole network time reference all to the main controlled node snap, node is only receiving grade when being higher than local synchronizing information, Cai the time slot benchmark of this locality is upgraded;
(3) it is synchronous to realize the frequency hopping between each minor node and the main controlled node to adopt the frequency hopping number to pass mode transmitting time synchronizing information (TOD) between main controlled node and all the other minor nodes, this moment is because physical layer adopts the frequency hopping number to pass mode, for guaranteeing under the demand of long period, high complexity frequency hopping code, also can to realize that frequency hopping is synchronous by transmitting time synchronizing information (TOD) (time of date) fast, synchronously reliably.Wherein said synchronizing information (TOD) frame generally comprises preamble word, separator, three parts of synchronizing information (TOD) content.Wherein the position of separator in each frequency hopping bag fixed, can be when detecting separator accurately to frequency hopping bag location, and it is consistent frequently to realize that receiving-transmitting sides changes.Synchronizing information TOD content mainly comprised transmission synchronizing information (TOD) node number, synchronizing information (TOD) grade, frequency hopping synchronically controlling information and the time frame alligning information etc., but simultaneously according to the real needs transmitting system of system and the control information of network;
(4) between main controlled node and all the other minor nodes, be provided with one change counter frequently come to concrete changing control in real time constantly frequently and realize receiving-transmitting sides change frequently that benchmark is consistent, because transmitting-receiving is interrupted being driven by system clock, its frequency is fixed, and a time span of jumping is interrupted corresponding to the transmitting-receiving of fixed number.Change the counting of counter by transmitting-receiving is interrupted frequently, can know concrete changing frequently constantly.When detecting separator, node can be exchanged the frequency counter and proofread and correct.Because system can accurately estimate receiving processing delay, according to the position of arriving separator when pre-treatment, compensation is exactly the position of current air signal actual reception after receiving processing delay, to change frequently, counter is corrected to this position, under the situation of ignoring the airborne spread time delay, can realize the benchmark unanimity frequently of changing of receiving-transmitting sides;
(5) set up on each node one be used for the time slot counter of the inner counting of time frame and one be used for to the time time frame in the unit count time frame counter and realize each node time benchmark basically identical that whole network is upgraded and made to time synchronized between each node and time, this moment is because can increase some controlling mechanisms, to realize whole network node time reference basically identical on the basis of changing frequency benchmark unanimity of receiving-transmitting sides.The present invention each node adopted a time slot counter and the time frame counter time of keeping node.Time slot counter is used at the inner counting of time frame, and the frequency of counting is identical with the count frequency that changes the frequency counter; The time frame counter be used for to the time time frame in the unit count.For receiving-transmitting sides all with the counting benchmark of aerial signal as time slot counter.Node in the network is judged the initial of time slot by the time slot timer, when the time slot timer counting of each node is consistent, has also just realized time synchronized.Therefore, time synchronized just to each node time slot counter synchronously.Simultaneously because initialized process of network node time has been represented in the initialization of time slot counter.After the system start-up, the time main controlled node in the network begins outwards to send synchronizing information (TOD); Other nodes then begin to search for slowly synchronizing information (TOD).Main controlled node is provided with initial value in the synchronizing information that sends a time slot continuously (TOD) back to time slot counter; Other nodes and are received the initial value that time slot counter is set after the synchronizing information (TOD) of whole time slot more then when searching synchronizing information (TOD).(TOD) the highest grade of time main controlled node, is 0 grade.Unit is made up of M time frame when supposing each, each time frame is made up of N time slot, each time slot is jumped by K physics and is formed, each is jumped time slot counter corresponding and counts for P time, transmitting terminal processing delay estimated value correspondence Q time of time slot counter counting, the initial value that can obtain the main controlled node time slot counter is
T
slot?init?s＝K·P-Q
Other nodes begin the slow search procedure to synchronizing information (TOD) in the network after start.When searching synchronizing information (TOD), after harvesting the synchronizing information of whole time slot (TOD) frame, the content of synchronizing information (TOD) is made cascading judgement, can know the information such as time frame at node number, synchronizing information (TOD) grade and the place of transmit leg.The time frame information can be used for to the time frame counter carry out initialization.It is that synchronizing information (TOD) grade that receives adds 1 that local synchronizing information (TOD) grade is set.When DSP handles the content of whole synchronizing information (TOD) time slot, time slot counter is carried out initialization, this moment, the position of actual aerial signal also needed to add the reception processing delay.Suppose to receive processing delay the estimated value correspondence R time of time slot counter count, the initial value that can obtain the receiving terminal time slot counter so is
T
slot?init?r＝K·P+R
In fact to the renewal of time slot counter is exactly renewal to the node time benchmark.Because the existence of clock drift, the network node time one subsynchronous after, As time goes on, the time deviation between the node can be increasing, therefore need follow the tracks of synchronously.Follow the tracks of synchronously by the node in the network and send synchronizing information (TOD) realization at first time slot of each time frame according to specific algorithm.Node is after initial synchronisation, and at first time slot of each time frame, if send, so just the synchronizing information (TOD) with this locality sends; If receive, so just receive the synchronizing information (TOD) of whole time slot, parse synchronizing information (TOD) grade, the time slot counter to this locality when being higher than this locality upgrades, otherwise disregards.When handling the content of whole synchronizing information (TOD) time slot time slot counter is upgraded, the value of renewal is
T
slot?renew＝K·P+R
The time slot counter of each node has been represented the time of node, and node comes the starting and ending of localization time slot by time slot counter, upgrades by the setting of time slot counter and renewal having been realized time synchronized and time between the node.
Wherein, owing to be delivered to the process of another node from a node in synchronizing information, can experience various time delays, the uncertainty of these time delays becomes a principal element that influences synchronization accuracy, forms the synchronism deviation error.Simultaneously, node is often held time by inner crystal oscillator, and the precision of crystal oscillator is subjected to influence of various factors, along with the propelling of time, can drift about, and produces drift error.That is to say, the time of node one subsynchronous after, along with the propelling of time, and the deviation between fiducial time may be increasing.In order to guarantee not take place step-out, need carry out again subsynchronous.Because these errors are inevitable, the time reference between the node can't be accomplished in full accord, therefore might clash in the certain limit of the beginning of time slot and end.Generation for fear of conflict; data transmit-receive reliability with effective raising this method; the front portion of each time slot in above-mentioned each time frame is set to the boundary belt that allows time slot to shake within the specific limits; and can detect the accurate original position of judging time slot by tagged word easily, thereby can guarantee that packet is in internodal accurate transmission at this boundary belt.The wherein existence that needs consideration time frame drift bias and synchronism deviation are set of the concrete length of boundary belt.A frequency hopping frame is from the sending node to the receiving node, and the time delay that mainly experiences according to sequencing has: send processing delay, airborne spread time delay and receive processing delay.
Sending processing delay mainly is that time and the frequency hopping frame that produces the frequency hopping frame arrives the aerial time by sendaisle.Because the frequency hopping frame can be ready to before one jumps beginning, the alignment of time begins to calculate from the delivery time of frequency hopping frame, so the time delay of this part only need consider to experience the time of sendaisle.Under Software Radio platform, the time delay of frequency hopping frame process sendaisle depends primarily on the time delay of digital up converter, is caused by forming filter and other HBF, cic filter.
The airborne spread time delay depends primarily on two distances between the node.
Receiving processing delay mainly is that the frequency hopping frame is through the time of receive path with in the medium pending time of reception buffer.The time delay of receive path depends primarily on the time delay of digital down converter, is mainly caused by half-band filter.The time delay size of handle waiting for DSP/ASIC depends on the data transfer rate that enters buffer and the size of buffering area, and its maximum is data when entering buffering area for the first time, the time of filling up buffering area.
When the parameter of system is determined, can estimate that accurately the precision of estimation can be controlled within a few μ s to sending processing delay and receiving processing delay.Because network is a mobile ad hoc network, estimate that under mobile environment the propagation delay between two nodes is relatively more difficult, need pay bigger systematic cost.Under ad hoc environment, source node often needs to transmit and data could be delivered to destination node through the multi-hop of intermediate node, but under the TDMA networking, middle forward node is when receiving the forwarding bag, the time slot that will distribute to this node by the time just forwards packet when arriving, and is separate between each time slot of node just.Therefore, have only the propagation delay between can two nodes of direct communication just can influence the boundary belt setting.But when the ultimate range between two nodes of direct communication in the network during at tens kilometers; propagation delay therebetween is tens μ s; if slot length is tens ms, bring the existence of permission propagation delay can not cause very big influence to systematic function by the protection that between time slot, increases by tens μ s.Therefore, system can not do concrete estimation to internodal propagation delay.
The precision of supposing crystal oscillator is 10
-p, crystal oscillator frequency is fMhz, and in the cycle, each node in the network is received a subsynchronous lastest imformation to I haven't seen you for ages in each time unit, and what frequency-hopping system adopted is h jumping/second.So, the maximum clock drift bias of system is
t
drift＝fMhz·M·N·K·(l/h)
Synchronism deviation is mainly caused by estimation offset and propagation delay time to processing delay.Suppose that the evaluated error to processing delay is t
Pro i∈ (Δ t
Pro, Δ t
Pro), the maximum transmitted time delay in the network between two nodes is t
Trans max, all propagation delay times all are estimated as 0.5t
Trans maxThe time, the estimation of propagation delay error is τ
Trans i∈ (0.5t
Trans max, 0.5t
Trans max), the synchronism deviation between the so adjacent synchronization level node is
t
offset?i＝τ
pro?i+τ
trans?i
Packet can experience processing delay and propagation delay equally from a node sends to the process of another node, under multi-hop environment, along with the increase of jumping figure between node and the time main controlled node, the time reference deviation also can increase.Supposing has the N hop node at most in the network, the time reference deviate is between network main controlled node and the N hop node so
When considering worst condition, the maximum of datum drift is
t
offset_max＝N(Δt
pro+0.5t
trans_max)
When sending data from the inferior grade node toward high-grade node, also there is a synchronism deviation, add the time drift deviation, the length of boundary belt will be allowed the existence of these deviations, length is
t
protect≥t
offset_max+t
offset+t
drift
By precision or the heavy synchronous frequency of quickening that improves clock crystal oscillator, can reduce the length of boundary belt, increase the utilance of time slot; But the precision that improves crystal oscillator has increased system cost, just needs more synchronization slot and accelerate heavy synchronous frequency, thereby has reduced data slot, therefore need compromise to ask between system effectiveness and systematic cost and obtain suitable boundary belt length.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of Ad hoc network TDMA slotted synchronous method is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1), time division multiple access insert in each node in (TDMA) system the time unit first time slot of each time frame be set to the management time slot that is used to compete, this slot transmission time synchronization information (TOD) frame;
(2), the management time slot in each node by elect time main controlled node and backup main controlled node and with all the other minor nodes according to its distance jumping divided rank with main controlled node;
(3), adopting the frequency hopping number to pass mode transmitting time synchronizing information (TOD) between main controlled node and all the other minor nodes makes the time reference of each node to the main controlled node snap to realize the frequency hopping between each minor node and the main controlled node synchronously;
(4), between main controlled node and all the other minor nodes, be provided with one change counter frequently come to concrete changing control in real time constantly frequently and make receiving-transmitting sides change frequently that benchmark is consistent;
(5) set up on each node one be used for the time slot counter of the inner counting of time frame and one be used for to the time time frame in the unit count time frame counter and realize each node time benchmark basically identical that whole network is upgraded and made to time synchronized between each node and time.
2, Ad hoc network TDMA slotted synchronous method according to claim 1, the front portion that it is characterized in that each time slot in above-mentioned each time frame are set to the boundary belt that allows time slot to shake within the specific limits.
3, Ad hoc network TDMA slotted synchronous method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that above-mentioned time synchronization information (TOD) is made up of three parts of preamble word, separator, synchronizing information (TOD) content, wherein separator can accurately position the frequency hopping bag, changes unanimity frequently to realize receiving-transmitting sides; Synchronizing information (TOD) content mainly comprise the node number that sends synchronizing information (TOD), synchronizing information (TOD) grade, frequency hopping synchronically controlling information and the time frame alligning information and system and network control information.
4, Ad hoc network TDMA slotted synchronous method according to claim 1, the initialization that it is characterized in that the time slot counter of the main controlled node in the above-mentioned steps (5) are it sends synchronizing information (TOD) frame of a time slot to all the other minor nodes after its time slot counter to be provided with initial value.
5, Ad hoc network TDMA slotted synchronous method according to claim 1, the initialization that it is characterized in that the time slot counter of all the other minor nodes in the above-mentioned steps (5) are after it receives synchronizing information (TOD) frame of the whole time slot that main controlled node sends its time slot counter to be provided with initial value.
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| CN100464612C (en) * | 2007-01-22 | 2009-02-25 | 协同智迅通信技术（深圳）有限公司 | Digital cluster communication method with the control channel frequency hopping function |
| WO2009132495A1 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2009-11-05 | Hong Kong Applied Science And Technology Research Institute Co. , Ltd | Bandwidth reservation in a tdma-based network |
| CN101136693B (en) * | 2007-10-09 | 2011-01-05 | 东南大学 | Time-division synchronous code division multiple access based self-organizing network synchronous system implementing method |
| CN101369913B (en) * | 2007-08-14 | 2011-02-16 | 北京大学 | Wireless communication network node number estimation method |
| CN102067492A (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2011-05-18 | 阿尔卡特朗讯公司 | A method for distributing a common time reference within a distributed architecture |
| CN101567719B (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2012-10-03 | 天津赛乐新创通信技术有限公司 | Method for obtaining frequency hopping synchronization by using baseband decoding |
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| CN101136693B (en) * | 2007-10-09 | 2011-01-05 | 东南大学 | Time-division synchronous code division multiple access based self-organizing network synchronous system implementing method |
| CN101567719B (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2012-10-03 | 天津赛乐新创通信技术有限公司 | Method for obtaining frequency hopping synchronization by using baseband decoding |
| WO2009132495A1 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2009-11-05 | Hong Kong Applied Science And Technology Research Institute Co. , Ltd | Bandwidth reservation in a tdma-based network |
| CN101543113B (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2011-11-16 | 香港应用科技研究院有限公司 | Band width reservation in the network based on TDMA |
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| CN106162856A (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2016-11-23 | 邵贵阳 | A kind of node synchronization method in wireless Ad Hoc network |
| CN107517069A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-12-26 | 深圳市华信天线技术有限公司 | Method, apparatus, receiver and the emitter of frequency-hopping synchronization |
| CN107517069B (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2020-06-02 | 深圳市华信天线技术有限公司 | Frequency hopping synchronization method, device, receiver and transmitter |
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| EP3641420A1 (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2020-04-22 | Thales | Radio synchronisation for systems with frequency jump |
| FR3087602A1 (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2020-04-24 | Thales | RADIO SYNCHRONIZATION FOR FREQUENCY HOPPING SYSTEMS |
| US11197255B2 (en) | 2018-10-18 | 2021-12-07 | Thales | Radio synchronization for frequency-hopping systems |
| CN110113123A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-08-09 | 四川中电昆辰科技有限公司 | A kind of positioning system and method for compensation positioning label timing error |
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