CN1709027A - Potato seed breeding method - Google Patents
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- CN1709027A CN1709027A CN 200510011945 CN200510011945A CN1709027A CN 1709027 A CN1709027 A CN 1709027A CN 200510011945 CN200510011945 CN 200510011945 CN 200510011945 A CN200510011945 A CN 200510011945A CN 1709027 A CN1709027 A CN 1709027A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a reproduction method of potato seed. Said method includes the following steps : firstly, utilizing detoxified seedlings to reproduce raw seed potato seeds, then utilizing matrix cultivation to reproduce raw seed potato seeds, then using 85-90% of raw seed potato seeds to make native reproduction and can directly supply first-grade potato seeds for production, and utilizing residual 10%-15% of raw seed potato seeds to make cold allopathic reproduction of first-grade potato seeds, and then utilizing said first-grade potato seeds to make cold allopatric reproduction to directly supply and produce second-grade potato seeds.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding plant method, specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of mating system of seed potato.
Background technology
Potato is important grain dish dual-purpose and industrial crop, and potato also is the 4th kind of chief crop that is only second to wheat, paddy rice and corn in the world.Recent two decades comes, and extensively adopts virus-free seed potato to become the main trend of potato culture, and it has played important effect in the process of guaranteeing potato stable high yield.
But what breed at present that virus-free seed potato generally adopts is to carry out stem apex detoxify with potato tubers earlier to cultivate and detoxic seedling triangular flask stem cutting section propagation, local method of producing is transferred in numerous kind in strange lands such as the high latitude that cool at weather then, wind speed is big, the isolation condition is good, high mountain, plateau again.The accent kind expense that the method produces is relatively more expensive, wastes time and energy, and has directly increased the cost of breeding of seed potato, and further causes local potato to produce the increase of cost.Under these circumstances, press for and found a kind of new seed potato breeding of method, make it significantly to reduce the cost of breeding of seed potato guaranteeing that seed potato breeds under the prerequisite of quality and quantity.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of new seed potato breeding of method, can under the prerequisite that guarantees seed potato quality and quantity, significantly reduce the potato strange land and transfer kind of an expense, reduce the production cost of seed potato.
The mating system of seed potato provided by the present invention is characterized in that, this method may further comprise the steps:
(1), same kind potato seed is implanted in the local field that produces potato commodity potato, select and in the field have kind typicalness, the normal plant stem tuber of fertility is as the basic material of stem apex detoxify;
(2), selected basic material in the step (1) carried out stem apex detoxify is cultivated and detoxic seedling triangular flask stem cutting section propagation, obtain not having PVX, the potato stem apex detoxic seedling of PVY, PLRV, PVM, PVS, PVA virus;
(3), will carry out the mist training through the potato stem apex detoxic seedling that step (2) is handled, breed miniature little potato;
(4), will be planted in through step (3) miniature little potato that breed and that tide over resting stage and carry out original seed in the culture matrix in insect protected greenhouse and breed, the prescription of this culture matrix is: light loam 6500～8500 weight portions, medium peat 1500～4500 weight portions, river sand 2500～5500 weight portions, ammonium sulfate 5～7 weight portions, superphosphate 2～3 weight portions, potassium sulphate 2～3 weight portions, magnesium sulfate 0.08～0.1 weight portion, zinc sulphate 0.04～0.06 weight portion, the cultivation spacing in the rows keeps 9～12cm, and line-spacing keeps 20～25cm;
(5), after the potato original seed results that will breed through step (4), with 85%～90% original seed potato seed wherein breed in this locality direct as produce with kind the one-level potato seed, its cultivation spacing in the rows keeps 15～20cm, line-spacing maintenance 35～40cm;
(6), after the potato original seed results that will breed through step (4), 10%～15% original seed potato seed wherein is maneuvered into the weather numerous kind of one-level potato seed in regional strange land that cool; Its cultivation spacing in the rows keeps 15～20cm, and line-spacing keeps 35～40cm;
(7), the one-level potato seed that step (6) is bred is bred the secondary potato seed that direct supply is produced in the weather area that cools, its cultivation spacing in the rows keeps 15～20cm, line-spacing keeps 35～40cm, directly be maneuvered into after these secondary potato seed results local production as the commodity potato with kind.
The weather conditions in wherein said local field are: annual 190～280 days frost-free seasons, and 11 ℃～18 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, annual rainfall is at 550～1400mm.China mainly comprises the middle and south of Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi Si Sheng, Henan, Shandong province, and the central and north of economizing such as Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan.
Culturing room's condition of wherein said detoxic seedling triangular flask stem cutting section propagation is: 23～25 ℃ of temperature, carry out illumination in 14～16 hours every day, illuminance is 2500～3000lx, every strain detoxic seedling allows to cut 5～6 sections at aseptic condition next time, the stem cutting section propagation was 1 time in per 30～40 days, and repeatedly the successive propagation number of times is 10～12 times.
The 366th～372 page of method that provides of potato thremmatology (Sun Huisheng chief editor, Chinese agriculture publishing house publish in November, 2003) is provided the method for stem apex detoxify, virus detection and detoxic seedling triangular flask stem cutting section propagation in the mating system of seed potato provided by the present invention.At first with selected potato tubers results, after treating that it tides over resting stage, vernalization sowing in the greenhouse, treat that bud grows to 4～5cm, when fully not opening up leaf, bud cut, peel off outside multilayer blade, be put in the beaker, prick rim of a cup with the gauze envelope, under running water, wash half an hour, then strict sterilization in desinfection chamber.In 95% alcohol, dip rapidly earlier during sterilization, eliminate the surface tension of blade, be put in again soak 5～10min in 5% Eusol after, with aseptic water washing 3～5 times.
Then under aseptic condition, the bud of sterilizing placed under 40 times the stereoscope, strip the stem apex that has 1 leaf primordium with dissecting needle, be inoculated in immediately in the test tube of medium.Used metal apparatus such as dissecting needle are immersed in earlier in the alcohol before use, take out to dryout with alcolhol burner flame, and use the cooling back.Dissect dressing table and should fill up wave carrier piece, whenever peel off a stem apex after, with 70% alcohol disinfecting cotton-wool wiping.The stem apex that is inoculated in the test tube is put in the cultivation indoor cultivation, and temperature is 23～25 ℃, carries out illumination in 14～16 hours every day, and illuminance is 2500～3000lx.After 30～40 days seedling is changed in the medium of no growth regulator, the seedling continued growth also forms root system, develops into the plantlet of 3～4 blades after 3～4 months, and it is pressed the single-unit segment, is inoculated in the triangular flask of stem segment medium, expands numerous.After 30 days, press the single-unit segment, be inoculated in respectively in 3 triangular flasks, Cheng Miaohou, wherein 1 bottle of reservation, other 2 bottles are used for virus and detect, and the result is complete when negative, and it is numerous that 1 bottle of reservation is used to expand, as when reacting positive, the bottle seedling that then will keep is superseded.
The prescription of potato stem apex detoxification medium is: ammonium nitrate 1650mg/L, potassium nitrate 1900mg/L, calcium chloride 440mg/L, magnesium sulfate 370mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 170mg/L, iron sulfate 27.8mg/L, four sodium acetate 37.3mg/L, boric acid 6.2mg/L, manganese sulphate 22.3mg/L, copper sulphate 0.025mg/L, zinc sulphate 8.6mg/L, cobalt chloride 0.025mg/L, nicotinic acid 0.5mg/L, vitaminB10 .1mg/L, inositol 100mg/L, glycine 2.0mg/L, indole 3 acetic acid 5～25mg/L, kinetin 0.04～10mg/L, vitamin B6 0.5mg/L, sucrose 30g/L, agar 5～8g/L.
The prescription of potato haulm segment medium is: ammonium nitrate 1650mg/L, potassium nitrate 1900mg/L, calcium chloride 440mg/L, magnesium sulfate 500mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 170mg/L, iron sulfate 27.8mg/L, four sodium acetate 38mg/L, boric acid 6.2mg/L, manganese sulphate 22.3mg/L, copper sulphate 0.03mg/L, zinc sulphate 8.6mg/L, sodium molybdate 0.25mg/L, glycine 2.0mg/L, nicotinic acid 0.5mg/L, vitamin B6 0.5mg/L, inositol 100mg/L, indoles 3 butyric acid 1.0mg/L, protein hydrolysate 1000mg/L, sucrose 30g/L, agar 9.5g/L.
The wherein said weather area that cools is that average temperature of the whole year is-4 ℃～2 ℃, and annual 90～110 days frost-free seasons, annual rainfall is in the area of 340～500mm.
The 373rd～374 page of method that provides of potato thremmatology (Sun Huisheng chief editor, Chinese agriculture publishing house publish in November, 2003) is provided the mist culture method of potato virus-free plantlet provided by the present invention.Detoxic seedling in the triangular flask is taken out, plant in seedling-cultivating tray, cultivate strong sprout, after 20 days seedling is cut from the card of growing seedlings, the about 10cm of height of seedling is not with root.Seedling is planted in the field planting hole on the groove cover plate, fix with sponge, seedling is gone into 6～7cm in the groove, gives birth to stolon and knot potato with benefit.Seedling phase spraying 30s, stop-spraying 3min.Along with plant strain growth, root system development prolongs the stop-spraying time gradually to 6min, 10min, 15min etc., and night, evaporation discharge was little, and spray in 1～2 hour once at interval.The mist cultivation nutrient fluid is based on the MS medium, and control nutrient solution permeable gesture is at 0.132Mpa, pH6.0.
This method has been created a kind of new seed potato breeding of method.At first potato stem apex detoxic seedling is carried out mist training, breed miniature little potato breeder's stock, the miniature little potato that will tide over resting stage then is planted in and carries out original seed in the special culture matrix in insect protected greenhouse and breed.Because advanced mist is trained the use that is connected of technology and substrate culture technology, guaranteed the quality and quantity of potato primary stock and original seed potato seed.
After adopting the present invention, by to the quantitative science allocation proportion of original seed potato seed, promptly wherein 85%～90% original seed potato seed is bred direct as producing with the one-level potato seed of planting in this locality, one-level potato seed and secondary potato seed are bred in 10%～15% original seed potato seed in the strange land that weather cools, the secondary potato seed is directly used as the production of commodity potato and is planted, can under the prerequisite that guarantees seed potato quality and quantity, significantly reduce the potato strange land like this and transfer kind of an expense, reduce the production cost of seed potato, the local potato seed of annual stable market supply market.The commodity potato that is fit to very much to do in two seasons of potato area (be divided into every year the spring is done potato and the autumn is done potato) is produced.Make that producing ware potato as in local 1 year need not to transfer from the strange land that weather cools to plant the one-level potato seed that can directly select for use this locality to breed again.Called the secondary potato seed from the strange land that weather cools again in 1 year, so can significantly reduce kind of the expense of transferring.
The special environment condition in area because weather cools is unfavorable for that aphid migrates and passes poison, has guaranteed that the secondary potato seed quality that the strange land produces is not less than local one-level potato seed quality of producing.The two all can satisfy the needs that the local goods potato is produced.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only to be used to the present invention is described and be not used in and limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1: the potato seed mating system that No. 3, middle potato
(1), at first No. 3 potato seeds of middle potato of being bred is implanted in the local field (Fangshan District, Beijing) that produces potato commodity potato.And select in the field and to have kind typicalness (: precocity, emerge and can gather in the crops in back 60 days, about 60 centimetres of plant heights, plant type is upright, and branch is few, the stem green, the leaf look light green, and compound leaf is big, and leaf margin is wavy, and growth potential is strong.Floral white and in great numbers is easily natural solid.Individual plant knot potato is counted the 3-5 piece, and the knot potato is concentrated, and the potato block size is medium, neat, big-and-middle potato rate can reach more than 90%, potato piece ellipse, top circular, light yellow skin and flesh, eye is few and shallow, epidermis is smooth), the normal plant stem tuber of fertility is as the basic material of stem apex detoxify.Fangshan District, Beijing weather conditions are: annual 190 days frost-free seasons, and 11 ℃～13 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, annual rainfall is between 550～650mm.
(2), the potato tubers that will satisfy (1) condition carries out stem apex detoxify cultivation, virus detection and detoxic seedling triangular flask stem cutting section propagation.Stem apex detoxify, virus detect and the 366th～372 page of method that provides of potato thremmatology (Sun Huisheng chief editor, Chinese agriculture publishing house publish in November, 2003) is provided the method for detoxic seedling triangular flask stem cutting section propagation.
Stem apex detoxify is cultivated, virus detects and the detailed process of detoxic seedling triangular flask stem cutting section propagation: at first with selected potato tubers results, after treating that it tides over resting stage, vernalization sowing in the greenhouse, treat that bud grows to 4～5cm, when fully not opening up leaf, bud cut, peel off outside multilayer blade, be put in the beaker, prick rim of a cup with the gauze envelope, under running water, wash half an hour, then strict sterilization in desinfection chamber.In 95% alcohol, dip rapidly earlier during sterilization, eliminate the surface tension of blade, be put in again soak 5～10min in 5% Eusol after, with aseptic water washing 3～5 times.
Then under aseptic condition, the bud of sterilizing placed under 40 times the stereoscope, strip the stem apex that has 1 leaf primordium with dissecting needle, be inoculated in immediately in the test tube of medium.Used metal apparatus such as dissecting needle are immersed in earlier in the alcohol before use, take out to dryout with alcolhol burner flame, and use the cooling back.Dissect dressing table and should fill up wave carrier piece, whenever peel off a stem apex after, with 70% alcohol disinfecting cotton-wool wiping.The stem apex that is inoculated in the test tube is put in the cultivation indoor cultivation, and temperature is 25 ℃, carries out illumination in 16 hours every day, and illuminance is 3000lx.After 40 days seedling is changed in the medium of no growth regulator, the seedling continued growth also forms root system, develops into the plantlet of 3～4 blades after 3～4 months, and it is pressed the single-unit segment, is inoculated in the triangular flask of stem segment medium, expands numerous.After 30 days, press the single-unit segment, be inoculated in respectively in 3 triangular flasks, Cheng Miaohou, wherein 1 bottle of reservation, other 2 bottles are used for virus and detect, and the result is complete when negative, and it is numerous that 1 bottle of reservation is used to expand, as when reacting positive, the bottle seedling that then will keep is superseded.
Culturing room's condition of detoxic seedling triangular flask stem cutting section propagation is 23 ℃ of temperature, carries out illumination in 14 hours every day, and illuminance is 2500lx.Every strain detoxic seedling allows to cut 5 sections at aseptic condition next time, and the stem cutting section propagation was 1 time in per 30 days.Repeatedly the successive propagation number of times is 10 times.Behind successive propagation the 1st time, before the 2nd time, in time carry out ELISA serology virus and detect, guarantee do not have PVX, PVY in the detoxic seedling, PLRV, PVM, PVS, PVA virus.
The prescription of potato stem apex detoxification medium is: ammonium nitrate 1650mg/L, potassium nitrate 1900mg/L, calcium chloride 440mg/L, magnesium sulfate 370mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 170mg/L, iron sulfate 27.8mg/L, four sodium acetate 37.3mg/L, boric acid 6.2mg/L, manganese sulphate 22.3mg/L, copper sulphate 0.025mg/L, zinc sulphate 8.6mg/L, cobalt chloride 0.025mg/L, nicotinic acid 0.5mg/L, Cobastab
10.1mg/L, inositol 100mg/L, glycine 2.0mg/L, indole 3 acetic acid 25mg/L, kinetin 0.04mg/L, Cobastab
60.5mg/L, sucrose 30g/L, agar 5g/L.
The prescription of potato haulm segment medium is: ammonium nitrate 1650mg/L, potassium nitrate 1900mg/L, calcium chloride 440mg/L, magnesium sulfate 500mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 170mg/L, iron sulfate 27.8mg/L, four sodium acetate 38mg/L, boric acid 6.2mg/L, manganese sulphate 22.3mg/L, copper sulphate 0.03mg/L, zinc sulphate 8.6mg/L, sodium molybdate 0.25mg/L, glycine 2.0mg/L, nicotinic acid 0.5mg/L, Cobastab
60.5mg/L, inositol 100mg/L, indoles 3 butyric acid 1.0mg/L, protein hydrolysate 1000mg/L, sucrose 30g/L, agar 9.5g/L.
(3), will carry out the mist training through the potato stem apex detoxic seedling that handle (2), breed miniature little potato.The breeder's stock potato that this miniature little potato promptly is this kind.The 373rd～374 page of method that provides of potato thremmatology (Sun Huisheng chief editor, Chinese agriculture publishing house publish in November, 2003) is provided the mist culture method.The detailed process of mist culture method: the detoxic seedling in the triangular flask is taken out, plant in seedling-cultivating tray, cultivate strong sprout, after 20 days seedling is cut from the card of growing seedlings, the about 10cm of height of seedling is not with root.Seedling is planted in the field planting hole on the groove cover plate, fix with sponge, seedling is gone into 6～7cm in the groove, gives birth to stolon and knot potato with benefit.Seedling phase spraying 30s, stop-spraying 3min.Along with plant strain growth, root system development prolongs the stop-spraying time gradually to 6min, 10min, 15min etc., and night, evaporation discharge was little, and spray in 1～2 hour once at interval.The mist cultivation nutrient fluid is based on the MS medium, and control nutrient solution permeable gesture is at 0.132Mpa, pH6.0.
(4), will be planted in through (3) miniature little potato that breed and that tide over resting stage and carry out original seed in the culture matrix in insect protected greenhouse and breed.The prescription of this culture matrix is 6500 parts of (parts by weight) light loams, 1500 parts of medium peats, 2500 parts of river sands, 5 parts in ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of superphosphate, 2 parts of potassium sulphates, 0.08 part in magnesium sulfate, 0.04 part in zinc sulphate.The cultivation spacing in the rows of miniature little potato keeps 9cm, and line-spacing keeps 20cm.
(5), after the potato original seed results of breeding through (4), breed 85% original seed potato seed wherein direct in this locality as producing with the one-level potato seed of planting.Its cultivation spacing in the rows keeps 15cm, and line-spacing keeps 35cm.
(6), after the potato original seed results of breeding through (4), 15% original seed potato seed wherein is maneuvered into the weather numerous kind of one-level potato seed in regional strange land that cool.This weather regional average temperature of the whole year that cools is-4 ℃～2 ℃, and specifically planting the place is the Zhangjiakou City Zhangbei County, and its weather conditions are that average temperature of the whole year is 2 ℃, annual 90～110 days frost-free seasons, 340～360 millimeters of annual rainfalls.Its cultivation spacing in the rows keeps 15cm, and line-spacing keeps 35cm.
(7), the one-level potato seed that will breed through (6) is bred the secondary potato seed that direct supply is produced in the weather area that cools, concrete plantation place is the Zhangjiakou City Zhangbei County, its weather conditions are that average temperature of the whole year is 2 ℃, annual 90～110 days frost-free seasons, 340～360 millimeters of annual rainfalls.Its cultivation spacing in the rows keeps 15cm, and line-spacing keeps 35cm.Directly being maneuvered into local production usefulness as the commodity potato after these secondary potato seed results plants.
Embodiment 2: the potato seed mating system that No. 5, Zheng's potato
(1), at first No. 5 potato seeds of Zheng's potato of being bred is implanted in the local field (Anren County, Hunan Province) that produces potato commodity potato.And select in the field and to have kind typicalness (kipeming high yield, number of growing days are about 65 days, and plant type is uprightly sturdy, about 60 centimetres of plant heights, and 1～2 of branch, growth potential is stronger, and floral white can natural result.About 4 of individual plant knot potatos, the stem tuber ellipse, umbilical region is slightly little, the yellow meat of Calusena lansium, eye is shallow and rare, and the potato piece is big and neat.), the normal plant stem tuber of fertility is as the basic material of stem apex detoxify.Anren County, Hunan Province weather conditions are annual 280 days frost-free seasons, 17 ℃～18 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, and annual rainfall is between 1200～1400mm.
(2), the potato tubers that will satisfy (1) condition carries out stem apex detoxify cultivation, virus detection and detoxic seedling triangular flask stem cutting section propagation.Stem apex detoxify, virus detect and the 366th～372 page of method that provides of potato thremmatology (Sun Huisheng chief editor, Chinese agriculture publishing house publish in November, 2003) is provided the method for detoxic seedling triangular flask stem cutting section propagation.
Stem apex detoxify is cultivated, virus detects and the detailed process of detoxic seedling triangular flask stem cutting section propagation: at first with selected potato tubers results, after treating that it tides over resting stage, vernalization sowing in the greenhouse, treat that bud grows to 4～5cm, when fully not opening up leaf, bud cut, peel off outside multilayer blade, be put in the beaker, prick rim of a cup with the gauze envelope, under running water, wash half an hour, then strict sterilization in desinfection chamber.In 95% alcohol, dip rapidly earlier during sterilization, eliminate the surface tension of blade, be put in again soak 5～10min in 5% Eusol after, with aseptic water washing 3～5 times.
Then under aseptic condition, the bud of sterilizing placed under 40 times the stereoscope, strip the stem apex that has 1 leaf primordium with dissecting needle, be inoculated in immediately in the test tube of medium.Used metal apparatus such as dissecting needle are immersed in earlier in the alcohol before use, take out to dryout with alcolhol burner flame, and use the cooling back.Dissect dressing table and should fill up wave carrier piece, whenever peel off a stem apex after, with 70% alcohol disinfecting cotton-wool wiping.The stem apex that is inoculated in the test tube is put in the cultivation indoor cultivation, and temperature is 25 ℃, carries out illumination in 16 hours every day, and illuminance is 3000lx.After 30～40 days seedling is changed in the medium of no growth regulator, the seedling continued growth also forms root system, develops into the plantlet of 3～4 blades after 3～4 months, and it is pressed the single-unit segment, is inoculated in the triangular flask of stem segment medium, expands numerous.After 30 days, press the single-unit segment, be inoculated in respectively in 3 triangular flasks, Cheng Miaohou, wherein 1 bottle of reservation, other 2 bottles are used for virus and detect, and the result is complete when negative, and it is numerous that 1 bottle of reservation is used to expand, as when reacting positive, the bottle seedling that then will keep is superseded.
Culturing room's condition of detoxic seedling triangular flask stem cutting section propagation is 25 ℃ of temperature, carries out illumination in 16 hours every day, and illuminance is 3000lx.Every strain detoxic seedling allows to cut 6 sections at aseptic condition next time, and the stem cutting section propagation was 1 time in per 40 days.Repeatedly the successive propagation number of times is 12 times.Behind successive propagation the 1st time, before the 2nd time, in time carry out ELISA serology virus and detect, guarantee do not have PVX, PVY in the detoxic seedling, PLRV, PVM, PVS, PVA virus.
The prescription of potato stem apex detoxification medium is: ammonium nitrate 1650mg/L, potassium nitrate 1900mg/L, calcium chloride 440mg/L, magnesium sulfate 370mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 170mg/L, iron sulfate 27.8mg/L, four sodium acetate 37.3mg/L, boric acid 6.2mg/L, manganese sulphate 22.3mg/L, copper sulphate 0.025mg/L, zinc sulphate 8.6mg/L, cobalt chloride 0.025mg/L, nicotinic acid 0.5mg/L, Cobastab
10.1mg/L, inositol 100mg/L, glycine 2.0mg/L, indole 3 acetic acid 5mg/L, kinetin 10mg/L, Cobastab
60.5mg/L, sucrose 30g/L, agar 8g/L.
The prescription of potato haulm segment medium is: ammonium nitrate 1650mg/L, potassium nitrate 1900mg/L, calcium chloride 440mg/L, magnesium sulfate 500mg/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 170mg/L, iron sulfate 27.8mg/L, four sodium acetate 38mg/L, boric acid 6.2mg/L, manganese sulphate 22.3mg/L, copper sulphate 0.03mg/L, zinc sulphate 8.6mg/L, sodium molybdate 0.25mg/L, glycine 2.0mg/L, nicotinic acid 0.5mg/L, Cobastab
60.5mg/L, inositol 100mg/L, indoles 3 butyric acid 1.0mg/L, protein hydrolysate 1000mg/L, sucrose 30g/L, agar 9.5g/L.
(3), will carry out the mist training through the potato stem apex detoxic seedling that handle (2), breed miniature little potato.The breeder's stock potato that this miniature little potato promptly is this kind.The 373rd～374 page of method that provides of potato thremmatology (Sun Huisheng chief editor, Chinese agriculture publishing house publish in November, 2003) is provided the mist culture method.The detailed process of mist culture method: the detoxic seedling in the triangular flask is taken out, plant in seedling-cultivating tray, cultivate strong sprout, after 20 days seedling is cut from the card of growing seedlings, the about 10cm of height of seedling is not with root.Seedling is planted in the field planting hole on the groove cover plate, fix with sponge, seedling is gone into 6～7cm in the groove, gives birth to stolon and knot potato with benefit.Seedling phase spraying 30s, stop-spraying 3min.Along with plant strain growth, root system development prolongs the stop-spraying time gradually to 6min, 10min, 15min etc., and night, evaporation discharge was little, and spray in 1～2 hour once at interval.The mist cultivation nutrient fluid is based on the MS medium, and control nutrient solution permeable gesture is at 0.132Mpa, pH6.0.
(4), will be planted in through (3) miniature little potato that breed and that tide over resting stage and carry out original seed in the culture matrix in insect protected greenhouse and breed.The prescription of this culture matrix is (parts by weight): 8500 parts of light loams, 4500 parts of medium peats, 5500 parts of river sands, 7 parts in ammonium sulfate, 3 parts of superphosphate, 3 parts of potassium sulphates, 0.1 part in magnesium sulfate, 0.06 part in zinc sulphate.The cultivation spacing in the rows of miniature little potato keeps 12cm, and line-spacing keeps 25cm.
(5), after the potato original seed results of breeding through (4), breed 90% original seed potato seed wherein direct in this locality as producing with the one-level potato seed of planting.Its cultivation spacing in the rows keeps 20cm, and line-spacing keeps 40cm.
(6), after the potato original seed results of breeding through (4), 10% original seed potato seed wherein is maneuvered into the weather numerous kind of one-level potato seed in regional strange land that cool.Cool regional average temperature of the whole year of this weather is-4 ℃～2 ℃.Concrete plantation place is the Daxinganling District Huzhong District, and its weather conditions are that average temperature of the whole year is-4 ℃, annual 90 days frost-free seasons, 460～500 millimeters of annual rainfalls.Its cultivation spacing in the rows keeps 20cm, and line-spacing keeps 40cm.
(7), the one-level potato seed that will breed through (6) is bred the secondary potato seed that direct supply is produced in the weather area that cools, cool regional average temperature of the whole year of this weather is-4 ℃～2 ℃, concrete plantation place is the Daxinganling District Huzhong District, its weather conditions are that average temperature of the whole year is-4 ℃, annual 90 days frost-free seasons, 460～500 millimeters of annual rainfalls.Its cultivation spacing in the rows keeps 20cm, and line-spacing keeps 40cm.Directly being maneuvered into local production usefulness as the commodity potato after these secondary potato seed results plants.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of mating system of seed potato is characterized in that, this method may further comprise the steps:
(1), same kind potato seed is implanted in the local field that produces potato commodity potato, select and in the field have kind typicalness, the normal plant stem tuber of fertility is as the basic material of stem apex detoxify;
(2), selected basic material in the step (1) carried out stem apex detoxify is cultivated and detoxic seedling triangular flask stem cutting section propagation, obtain not having PVX, the potato stem apex detoxic seedling of PVY, PLRV, PVM, PVS, PVA virus;
(3), will carry out the mist training through the potato stem apex detoxic seedling that step (2) is handled, breed miniature little potato;
(4), will be planted in through step (3) miniature little potato that breed and that tide over resting stage and carry out original seed in the culture matrix in insect protected greenhouse and breed, the prescription of this culture matrix is: light loam 6500～8500 weight portions, medium peat 1500～4500 weight portions, river sand 2500～5500 weight portions, ammonium sulfate 5～7 weight portions, superphosphate 2～3 weight portions, potassium sulphate 2～3 weight portions, magnesium sulfate 0.08～0.1 weight portion, zinc sulphate 0.04～0.06 weight portion, the cultivation spacing in the rows keeps 9～12cm, and line-spacing keeps 20～25cm;
(5), after the potato original seed results that will breed through step (4), with 85%～90% original seed potato seed wherein breed in this locality direct as produce with kind the one-level potato seed, its cultivation spacing in the rows keeps 15～20cm, line-spacing maintenance 35～40cm;
(6), after the potato original seed results that will breed through step (4), 10%～15% original seed potato seed wherein is maneuvered into the weather numerous kind of one-level potato seed in regional strange land that cool; Its cultivation spacing in the rows keeps 15～20cm, and line-spacing keeps 35～40cm;
(7), the one-level potato seed that step (6) is bred is bred the secondary potato seed that direct supply is produced in the weather area that cools, its cultivation spacing in the rows keeps 15～20cm, line-spacing keeps 35～40cm, directly be maneuvered into after these secondary potato seed results local production as the commodity potato with kind.
2, mating system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the weather conditions in described local field are: annual 190～280 days frost-free seasons, and 11 ℃～18 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, annual rainfall is at 550～1400mm.
3, mating system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, culturing room's condition of described detoxic seedling triangular flask stem cutting section propagation is: 23～25 ℃ of temperature, carry out illumination in 14～16 hours every day, illuminance is 2500～3000lx, every strain detoxic seedling allows to cut 5～6 sections at aseptic condition next time, and the stem cutting section propagation was 1 time in per 30～40 days, and repeatedly the successive propagation number of times is 10～12 times.
4, mating system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described weather area that cools is that average temperature of the whole year is-4 ℃～2 ℃, and annual 90～110 days frost-free seasons, annual rainfall is in the area of 340～500mm.
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| CN101946616A (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2011-01-19 | 徐绍先 | Method for prolonging service life and keeping variety property of detoxified potatoes |
| CN102017895A (en) * | 2010-07-01 | 2011-04-20 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for producing potato virus A (PVA)-free seedling by utilizing variable temperature virus elimination technology |
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