CN1708934A - 自适应前向错误控制方案 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明适用于分组传输网。本发明提出了一种在应用层实现的自适应前向错误控制方案,其允许遵守一个最大容许分组错误率。根据本发明,冗余量被适配,以便提供一个纠错能力,其允许遵守所述最大容许分组错误率。有利地,最大容许分组错误率由应用来设置。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及一种目的是经由分组交换传输网络提供弹性数据传送的自适应前向纠错方案(FEC)。
本发明还涉及实现这样一个前向错误控制方案的传输系统、发射机和接收机。
本发明还涉及一种用于确定要被使用于这样一个前向纠错方案中的冗余量的方法。
有利地,本发明应用于经由具有时变状态的传输网络(例如移动传输网络)的数据传送。
发明背景
国际专利申请WO99/04338描述了用于经由无线卫星链路传输的一个自适应前向纠错方案。
在此文献中描述的前向纠错方案操作在OSI参考模型的数据链路层(前向纠错码被包括在每一帧中用于这一帧的纠错)。它包括如下步骤:计算字节错误率,基于此字节错误率确定前向纠错码长度,并把前向纠错码长度反馈给发射机。在储存与前向纠错码长度相关联的反向字节错误率值的表格中选择前向纠错码长度的值。
因为被实现在数据链路层,所以所提出的方法不是很适于像因特网那样的异类传输网络。在异类传输网络中使用所述方法将在所通过的各个网络部分中导致分开的前向纠错方案适配。这实现起来将很复杂。
此外,使用一个表格来确定纠错码长度有一些缺点。
第一,关于错误再区分和大小进行某些假设,以便导出储存在表中的值。因此,所提出的方法不是很适于那些状态可能按照重要的方式变化的传输网络,比如像GSM、UMTS、GPRS那样的移动网络。
第二,导出储存在表中的值以使得在校正之后获得某一个质量。这意味着接收机必须存储与能实现的质量一样多的表格。
发明目的和概要
本发明的一个目的是提出一种克服这些缺点的自适应前向错误控制方案。
这一目的利用如权利要求1到3中限定的传输系统、如权利要求4到6中限定的接收机、如权利要求7和8中限定的发射机、如权利要求9中限定的用于确定要被使用于前向错误控制方案中的冗余量的方法、以及如权利要求10中限定的程序来实现。
在本发明的自适应前向纠错方案中,在发射机的应用层从媒体分组中生成冗余分组。因此,当错误的分组在接收机一侧被传送层抛弃时,应用层能够从它接收到的分组中恢复某一数量的分组。根据本发明,在发射机一侧加上的冗余量被适配,以便获得一个纠错能力,其允许遵守一个最大容许分组错误率。根据本发明,通过监视分组错误率来估计传输网络的质量。
因为这在应用层实现,所以本发明的方法对传输网络来说是透明的。因此它容易地适用于异类传输网络。
因为通过使用分组错误率代替使用字节错误率来估计传输网络的质量,所以可以避免表格的使用。
本发明从端到端确保一个最大容许分组错误率。有利地,最大容许分组错误率由使用接收媒体分组的应用来设置。
在本发明的一个有利实施例中,媒体分组的比特率被适配为k的函数,以便补偿冗余分组的比特率的变化。
附图简述
参考如下附图进一步描述本发明的这些以及其它的方面:
图1是根据本发明的传输系统的示意图,
图2是传输块生成的示意表示,
图3是取决于传输网络的状态包含在传输块中的冗余量适配的示意表示,
图4是根据本发明确定要被使用于前向纠错方案中的冗余量的方法框图。
优选实施例描述
本发明适用于任何FEC方案。在下面描述的示例中,FEC码由两个参数k和n来表征,在此k是媒体分组数目,而(n-k)是从k个媒体分组中生成的冗余分组数目。参数n有一个恒定的整数值。通过改变参数k的值来适配冗余量。这不是限制性的。
图1示出了根据本发明的一个传输系统示例,它包括发射机1、传输网络2和接收机3。在这个示例中,传输网络2由因特网网络和无线接入网(例如,符合GPRS或UMTS标准的网络)组成。发射机1包括:用于递送媒体分组的媒体源10,用于从自媒体源10接收到的媒体分组中生成冗余分组的FEC编码器12,以及实现OSI参考模型的头四个层的发射/接收块14。在这个示例中,网络协议(OSI层3)是IP(因特网协议),而传送协议(OSI层4)是UDP(用户数据报协议)上的RTP(实时传送协议)。接收机3包括一个发射/接收块32(它实现OSI参考模型的头四个层)、分析器34、FEC解码器36和应用块38。
如图2所示,编码器12从k个媒体分组M1(i),...,Mk(i)中生成(n-k)个冗余分组:R1(i),...,Rn-k(i)。(n-k)个冗余分组和k个媒体分组形成一个传输块TB(i)。冗余分组意欲在接收机处提供Q(k)个分组的纠错能力。
在接收机一侧,UDP协议控制每个接收分组的UDP校验和。它抛弃检测到至少一个比特错误的那些分组。被正确接收的那些分组被转发给FEC解码器36。如果被抛弃的分组数目小于或等于Q(k),则FEC解码器36能够从它接收到的分组中恢复被抛弃的分组。
有利地,用于生成冗余的代码是Reed Solomon码RS(n,k)。ReedSolomon码RS(n,k)的纠错能力是Q(k)=n-k。
根据本发明,取决于网络的状态来适配冗余量,从而以一种最佳的方式使用带宽。如果传输网络处于优良的状态,则应该降低冗余量以使较大部分的带宽可以专用于媒体分组的传输。与此相反,如果传输网络处于较差的状态,则应该提高冗余量以便增加在接收机一侧恢复被抛弃媒体分组的机会。
有利地,k不应该小于对应于最大容许冗余量的最小值kmin。
这样一个适配示例示意性地表示在图3中。曲线S给出传输网络的状态S(t)作为时间t的函数的演化。Y轴上的标记G表示一个优良的状态。Y轴上的标记D表示一个较差的状态。相关于曲线S示出传输块TB(i)的构成。可以看出,传输块TB(i)中所传输的媒体分组的数目ki在网络的状态较好时更高。
包含在传输块TB(i)中的冗余量的适配由分析器34控制。分析器34分析出现在传输网络上的分组错误并为FEC编码器12生成命令42。命令42包含要被FEC编码器12使用的最优值koptimal。通过使用RTCP反馈消息,它们被发射给发射机1。
现在将参考图4更详细地描述分析器34的操作。
为了计算koprimal,分析器34保存在接收到的传输块TB(i)中的分组错误数目Pi的历史记录。优选地,这个历史记录的大小对应于通过传输网络的好几个往返行程时间(round trip time)。传输块TB(i)中的分组错误数目等于丢失分组数目。通过使用RTP序列号(RTP分组的报头包含一个序列号;每次发射一个分组时该序列号的数值被递增一,在接收机处,丢失的序列号对应于丢失的分组)来检测分组丢失。
当分析器34检测到一个传输块TB(i)的末尾时(图4中的框T1),它计算并存储这个传输块中的分组错误数目Pi(框T2)。
然后分析器34对于从n到kmin变化的k执行如下操作。
-分析器估计校正能力Q(k)(框T4)。
-给定分组错误数目Pi和校正能力Q(k),分析器34计算在校正之后的分组错误数目Pi′(k)(框T5):
-分析器34计算在校正之后的分组错误数目Pi′(k)的平均值M(k)(框T6)。有利地,当计算平均值M(k)时,向最后的分组错误给予更多的重要性,因为它们对于当前网络状态的知识更有意义。这允许对传输网络的变化进行更快的反应。例如:
在此,m是历史记录中的传输块数目:
-相应的分组错误率R(k)=M(k)/n被与最大容许分组错误率PERMAX相比较(框T7)。如果R(k)≤PERMAX或者如果k=kmin,那么koptimal被设置为k的当前数值(koprimal=k)并且它在一则反馈消息中被发送给FEC编码器12(框T8)。在其它情况中,k减一(框T9),并且对于新的k数值执行上述操作。
在一个优选实施例中,最大容许分组错误率由应用块38设置(图1中的箭头39)。不同的应用因此可以设置不同的最大容许分组错误率。
k的最优值是在校正之后允许遵守最大容许分组错误率PERMAX的最高k值。
可替代地,只有当koprimal的新数值不同于前一个时才将它反馈给发射机。
有利地,媒体源10以一个被称为媒体比特率的可适配比特率递送媒体分组,并且,为了补偿冗余比特率的变化,媒体源10由FEC编码器12控制以便作为k的函数适配媒体比特率。在第一实施例中,媒体源是一个实时编码器,它的编码比特率在接收来自FEC编码器的一个命令之后在运行中被改变。在第二实施例中,媒体源10包括一个用来在好几个预编码文件之间切换的文件切换器,每个预编码文件对应于一个特定的媒体比特率。对于以一个恒定的比特率CB操作的应用,有利地,预编码文件的媒体比特率MB(k)被选择如下:
在另一个实施例(在这里未示出)中,发射机包括用来估计当前信道比特率和控制媒体源10的速率控制块。在该实施例中,媒体源取决于k并且取决于从速率控制块中接收到的命令来适配媒体比特率,以使整个比特率(等于媒体比特率与冗余比特率之和)匹配当前信道比特率。
以接收机3的处理器上的软件的形式来实现刚刚已经描述了的分析器34的功能。
关于确定要被加到媒体上的冗余量的所述系统、发射机、接收机和方法,在不偏离本发明的范围的前提下可以提出一些修改或改善。本发明因此不限制为所提供的示例。
具体地说,媒体分组和它们相应的冗余分组不必在恒定大小的传输块中被发射。由接收机反馈的命令不必是k的最佳值。它可以是待加到媒体上的最佳冗余量的任何指示(例如,它可以是(n-k)的最佳值或者开销的最佳值,开销一般被定义为
本发明不限制为Reed Solomon码的使用。其校正能力是k和n的函数的任何校正码都能被使用。单词″包括″不排除除了在权利要求中规定的那些之外的元件或步骤的存在。元件或步骤前面的冠词″一个″的使用不排除多个此类元件或步骤的存在。
Claims (10)
1.一个传输系统,包括至少一个发射机、一个具有时变状态的传输网络和一个接收机,所述发射机包括一个编码器,用于从媒体分组(M(i))中生成冗余分组(R(i))以便在所述接收机处提供特定数量分组(Q(k))的纠错能力,所述纠错能力取决于所述编码器生成的冗余量(n-k),所述接收机包括一个分析器,用于分析发生在传输网络上的分组错误,并且用于计算一个给出允许遵守最大容许分组错误率(PERMAX)的纠错能力的最佳冗余量,所述最佳冗余量被反馈给所述发射机以便被所述编码器使用。
2.如权利要求1所述的传输系统,其中,所述发射机包括用于以可适配的媒体比特率递送所述媒体分组的媒体源,并且所述编码器被设计来向所述媒体源发送一个命令,所述命令用于根据当前被编码器添加的冗余量来适配所述媒体比特率。
3.如权利要求1所述的传输系统,其中,从k个媒体分组中生成(n-k)个冗余分组以便形成有n个分组的传输块,并且所述分析器被设计来:
a)保存传输块中的分组错误数目Bi的历史记录,
b)并且对于k的不同值:
-在用Q(k)的纠错能力校正之后计算传输块中分组错误数目Ci(k)的平均值C(k),
-计算相应的分组错误率(C(k)/n),
-把相应的分组错误率与所述最大容许分组错误率(PERMAX)进行比较,用于选择k的所述最佳值。
4.一个用于经由具有时变状态的传输网络接收由发射机发射的媒体分组和冗余分组的接收机,其中从所述媒体分组中生成所述冗余分组以便在所述接收机处提供特定数量的分组的纠错能力,所述纠错能力取决于发射机处生成的冗余量,所述接收机包括:
-一个分析器,用于分析在传输网络上出现的分组错误并且用于计算一个最佳冗余量,该最佳冗余量给出一个允许遵守最大容许分组错误率(PERMAX)的纠错能力,和
-反馈装置,用于把所述最佳冗余量反馈给所述发射机。
5.如权利要求4所述的接收机,用来接收有n个分组的传输块,所述n个分组包括k个媒体分组和从所述k个媒体分组中生成的(n-k)个冗余分组,其中所述分析器被设计来:
a)保存传输块中的分组错误数目Bi的历史记录,
b)并且对于k的不同值:
-在用Q(k)的纠错能力校正之后计算传输块中分组错误数目Ci(k)的平均值C(k),
-计算相应的分组错误率(C(k)/n),
-把相应的分组错误率与所述最大容许分组错误率(PERMAX)进行比较,用于选择k的所述最佳值。
6.如权利要求4所述的接收机,其中,接收到的收媒体分组意欲被一个应用所使用,并且所述最大容许分组错误率由所述应用设置。
7.一个用于经由具有时变状态的一个传输网络发射分组给接收机的发射机,所述发射机包括一个编码器,用于从媒体分组中生成冗余分组以便在接收机处提供特定数量分组的纠错能力,所述纠错能力取决于所述编码器生成的冗余量,并且所述编码器被设计来把所述冗余量设置为一个最佳值,所述最佳值给出一个允许遵守在接收机处限定的最大容许分组错误率的纠错能力,所述最佳值被所述接收机反馈给所述发射机。
8.如权利要求7所述的发射机,包括用于以可适配的媒体比特率递送所述媒体分组的媒体源,其中所述编码器被设计来向所述媒体源发送一个命令,所述命令用于根据当前被编码器添加的冗余量来适配所述媒体比特率。
9.一种用于确定要被使用于前向纠错方案中的冗余量的方法,其中,在发射机一侧从媒体分组中生成冗余分组,以便在接收机一侧提供特定数量分组的纠错能力,所述方法包括如下步骤:
-在接收机一侧分析在传输网络上出现的分组错误,
-在接收机一侧计算一个最佳冗余量,该最佳冗余量给出一个允许遵守最大容许分组错误率的纠错能力,
-把所述最佳冗余量反馈给所述发射机。
10.一种包括指令的程序,当所述程序被处理器执行时所述指令用于实现权利要求9中的方法。
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PCT/IB2003/004588 WO2004040831A1 (en) | 2002-10-30 | 2003-10-16 | Adaptative forward error control scheme |
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CN (1) | CN1708934B (zh) |
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Also Published As
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KR20050074505A (ko) | 2005-07-18 |
AU2003269352A1 (en) | 2004-05-25 |
JP2006505177A (ja) | 2006-02-09 |
JP4460455B2 (ja) | 2010-05-12 |
US7328394B2 (en) | 2008-02-05 |
WO2004040831A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
KR101021071B1 (ko) | 2011-03-14 |
CN1708934B (zh) | 2010-10-06 |
EP1559229A1 (en) | 2005-08-03 |
US20060031738A1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
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