CN1708776A - Color display element, method for driving color display element, and display apparatus having color display element - Google Patents

Color display element, method for driving color display element, and display apparatus having color display element Download PDF

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CN1708776A
CN1708776A CN 200380102466 CN200380102466A CN1708776A CN 1708776 A CN1708776 A CN 1708776A CN 200380102466 CN200380102466 CN 200380102466 CN 200380102466 A CN200380102466 A CN 200380102466A CN 1708776 A CN1708776 A CN 1708776A
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color
liquid crystal
color filter
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CN100520871C (en
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浅尾恭史
矶部隆一郎
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Canon Inc
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Canon Inc
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Abstract

A color display element using a medium having optical pro perties modulated by an external modulation means is characterized in that the medium has a brightness modulation range where a brightness is changed by the modulation means and a color modulation range where a color is changed by the modulation means, the color display element has a unit pixel comprised of a plurality of sub-pixels including a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel having a color filter, and the modulation means gives modulation of the color modulation range to the first sub-pixel to display colors within the color modulation range, and gives modulation of the brightness modulation range to the second sub-pixel to display brightness of the color of the color filter within the brightness modulation range, whereby provides a color display.

Description

Color display element and driving method thereof and display device with this element
Technical field
The present invention relates to provide the color display element of many colors demonstrations, be used to drive the method for color display element and display device with color display element.
Background technology
Current flat-panel monitor is widely used in the display element of the monitor of various personal computers etc. and cell phone etc., and expection will comprise that expection is used for following large screen television than using more widely in the past.Most popular in the flat-panel monitor is LCD, and widely used color display mode is the color display mode that is called little color filter pattern (micro-colorfilter mode) in LCD.
Little color filter pattern is such: a pixel is split at least three sub-pixels, for each pixel forms red (R)/green (G)/indigo plant (B) trichromatic color filter so that panchromatic demonstration to be provided, and it has the advantage that can easily obtain high-grade color reproducibility.On the other hand, the shortcoming of little color filter pattern is that transmissivity drops to 1/3rd, thereby the light service efficiency reduces.The reduction of light utilization rate causes the power consumption of preceding light of the backlight and reflective LCD device of transmission liquid crystal display device to increase.
Recently, be extensive use of transmission-reflective liquid crystal (transflecitive liquid crystal) element in cell phone and portable data assistance, wherein some zone of display element is a reflection region, and other zones are optical clear zones.Such portable electric appts is outdoor through being usually used in, thereby even need to guarantee that sufficient observability also be arranged under very bright exterior light, even and guarantee that high-grade contrast and color reprodubility are also arranged in dark indoor.
In addition, recent years, reported that some observabilities are better than the display element that is called electric paper display of liquid crystal display cells.Many polaroids that do not use in them obtain high brightness demonstration (bright display).But in these display elements, though demonstration has obtained the high brightness demonstration for monochrome, colored demonstration is the same with the situation of liquid crystal display, the color filter that must depend on, and it still can't obtain the suitable colour demonstration of luminance level and paper.
ECB type (electrically controlled birefringence effect type) (electro-optic birefringent effect type) liquid crystal indicator is the known color liquid crystal display arrangement that does not use color filter.The liquid crystal cells of ECB type liquid crystal indicator has the liquid crystal that is maintained between a pair of substrate, under the situation of transmission-type, polaroid is placed on front surface one side and rear surface one side of liquid crystal cells respectively, under the situation of reflection-type, single polaroid type or dual-polarization sheet type dual mode is arranged.In single polaroid type, polaroid only is placed on the substrate, in dual-polarization sheet type, on two substrates polaroid is set all, and reflecting plate is provided outside polaroid.
In transmission ECB type liquid crystal indicator, linearly polarized photon by a polaroid incident is changed into such light by the birefringence effect of liquid crystal layer in passing the process of liquid crystal cells: the elliptically polarized light that only has different polarization states of each wavelength, described light enters another polaroid, the light that passes this another polaroid becomes colorama, and the color of this colorama depends on the beam intensity ratio of the light of each wavelength of forming this light.
It is colored that ECB type liquid crystal display cells utilizes the birefringence effect of liquid crystal and polarization that light is become, and wherein do not take place by the absorption of color filter to light, and high brightness is colored to be shown to obtain thereby can increase light transmission.In addition, because the birefringent characteristic of liquid crystal layer is along with change in voltage, so can change transmitted light and/or catoptrical color by the voltage that control is applied to liquid crystal cells.By utilizing this point, can utilize same pixel to show multiple color.
The double refraction amount that Fig. 1 shows ECB type display unit (is called the relation between the coordinate on optical path difference (phase delay, retardation) R) and the chromatic diagram.Should be appreciated that as long as R is in 0 to the scope of about 250nm, just be still at the almost center of chromatic diagram colourless (achromaticity), if but R surpasses this scope, and color relation depends on double refraction amount and changes.
If the material with negative permittivity anisotropy (being expressed as Δ ε) is as liquid crystal, and when not applying voltage, it is orientated perpendicular to substrate, then liquid crystal molecule is along with voltage ramp, thereby the double refraction amount of liquid crystal (being called optical path difference) increases.
At this moment, under Nicol crossed, colourity is along the curvilinear motion of Fig. 1.When not applying voltage, R no better than 0, thereby do not have transmittance and dark state (black state) is provided, but along with voltage raises, brightness degree increases to white mode to ash from black with color.If voltage further raises, then light obtains color, and color from Huang to red to purple to indigo plant to Huang to purple to sky blue to green and change.
In this way, the ECB display element can utilize the interior voltage of modulation range of low voltage side to change brightness between maximum brightness and minimum brightness, and can utilize the multiple color of change in voltage in the higher voltage zone.
In addition, as shown in Figure 1, compare with the color at the highest purity of the outer rim of chromatic diagram, the colour purity that obtains by optical path difference is quite low.Openly No.4-52625 is disclosed in early days as Japanese patent application, in order to compensate described low-purity, follows optical path difference to adopt color filter, makes to strengthen the colour purity that ECB shows by the color filter that passes so same color.In the prior art, red and yellow color filter is positioned at and does not show on the blue pixel, and is clipped to obtain highly purified red by the red shortwave composition that the ECB effect obtains.
Hereinafter, according to being called as the intensification modulation scope from black 0 to 250nm optical path difference scope to ash to white modulated luminance, color modulation scope yellow or higher (250nm or higher) is called the color modulation scope on chromatic diagram.Because can not determine the border between achromaticity and the colour, so be preliminary tentative standard about the value 250nm of above-mentioned scope.
The present invention relates to the color that obtains by optical path difference, that is, and the color of the curve in Fig. 1.As shown in Figure 1, the point of purity maximum is positioned near the zone that optical path difference is 450nm, 600nm and 1300nm, and the above-mentioned zone naked eyes are identified as redness, blueness and green.But color can be identified as color much at one before these points and in the scope of about 100nm width afterwards.In the present invention, the color in the above-mentioned scope also is hereinafter referred to as red, blue and green.Magenta is present near the 530nm between redness and the blueness.
In general, the color that is used for the color filter of liquid crystal display etc. is present in outside the above-mentioned scope of chromatic diagram, and its purity is greater than the color that obtains by optical path difference.In the present invention, these colors also are called as the name of corresponding same color respectively.
But as shown in Figure 1, in order to show green, ECB type liquid crystal display cells needs the optical path difference of about 1300nm, and if use common liquid crystal material, comparing with traditional liquid crystal display cells needs very large thickness.
For example, adjustment is called as the liquid crystal cell of VA (vertical alignment) pattern, make it vertical orientated, the maximum optical path difference amount is changed to about 200 to 250nm, and use the black white luminance region of variation that arrives in the ECB effect by applying voltage at the state that no-voltage applies.Wherein provide the RGB color filter to obtain panchromatic demonstration by adding the mixture of colours.
In contrast, if use identical liquid crystal material, be that the colourity that optical path difference produces changes the pattern that colored demonstration is provided for using by the ECB effect, element thickness should be increased to about 6 times.Specifically, be 4 to 5 microns if use the element thickness of the product of current VA pattern, then using needs 20 to 30 microns element thickness based on the color display mode of the coloring phenomenon of ECB effect.
In addition, at the technical report No.83 of Sharp in August, 2002 (Sharp TechnicalReport No.83) transmission-reflective liquid crystal display element is disclosed by the 22nd page, some zone of this liquid crystal display cells is a reflection region, and other zones are optical clear zones.According to this report,, provide thick interlayer isolation film at reflector space, so that the element thickness of regional transmission doubles the element thickness of reflector space in order to maximize the two light utilization rate of regional transmission and reflector space.
Use such big unit thickness to cause important disadvantages as described below.
At first,, use batching sphere (sphericalspacer) usually for the homogeneity of element thickness, so big but the diameter of batching sphere becomes, so that batching sphere occupied area on a pixel significantly increases, and causes the reduction of numerical aperture.Very expectation uses the coloring phenomenon based on the ECB effect to obtain the high brightness demonstration, but because the reduction of numerical aperture, this effect reduces by half.
Second problem using big unit is that response speed reduces.As everyone knows, square being inversely proportional to of response speed and element thickness (response time be proportional to element thickness square).Like this, if element thickness increases to about 6 times, then the response time of liquid crystal will be increased to 36 times.For example, the typical response time of commercial VA mode LCD is about 20 milliseconds, thereby can expect, the response time in the ecb mode is approximately 720 milliseconds.That is, can not video display.
In addition, in ecb mode, can provide colored based on the change color of utilizing birefringence effect and show, but be difficult to during colour shows, show level and smooth grayscale colors.Thereby, can only provide the demonstration of limited number color.
Thereby, the present invention will provide a kind of color display element that improves the light utilization rate, the pattern of its use is different from and shows trichromatic pattern, and the trichromatic pattern of described demonstration can combine by monochromatic display element and the widely used RGB color filter of modulating transmissivity such as external modulation means such as voltages simply.Particularly, in the liquid crystal display cells based on the ECB effect, the invention provides a kind of color liquid crystal display device, this element can show dynamic image by the increase that suppresses element thickness, and multicolor displaying can be provided.
In addition, the invention provides and have the each other compatible reflective-mode and the transmission-reflected colours liquid crystal display cells of transmission mode, it can provide the multicolor displaying with high light utilization rate.This feasible demand that might satisfy high color reprodubility.
In addition, in the present invention, can obtain the colored demonstration of high brightness for obtaining the monochromatic various electronic paper technology that show of high brightness.
Summary of the invention
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of use to have the color display element of the medium that can use its optical characteristics of external modulation device modulates, it is characterized in that described medium has with described modulating device changes the intensification modulation scope of brightness and with the color modulation scope of described modulating device change color, described color display element has unit pixel, this unit pixel is by comprising that first sub-pixel and a plurality of sub-pixels with second sub-pixel of color filter form, and described modulating device carries out the modulation of described color modulation scope to show the color in the described color modulation scope to described first sub-pixel, and described second sub-pixel is carried out modulation in the described intensification modulation scope with the color of the described color filter of display brightness in described intensification modulation scope, provide colored thus and show.
According to another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of use to have the color liquid crystal display device of the liquid crystal layer of the optical characteristics that voltage changed that is applied in, it is characterized in that described color display element comprises at least one polaroid, the a pair of substrate that is equipped with electrode and locatees with facing with each other, and be placed on liquid crystal layer between the described substrate, and has the ability that the optical path difference of utilizing described liquid crystal layer is modulated into incident polarized light the polarization state of expectation, the unit pixel of described color display element is made up of a plurality of sub-pixels, and described a plurality of sub-pixel comprises first sub-pixel and second sub-pixel, described first sub-pixel changes the optical path difference of described liquid crystal layer with Show Color by applying voltage, described second sub-pixel has color filter, and changes optical path difference to show the color of described color filter in achromaticity regional luminance modulation range by voltage.
According to another aspect of the present invention, providing a kind of is used to use color display element that the colored method that shows is provided: it is characterized in that using having with the color modulation scope of external modulation device modulates color and with the medium formation color display element of the intensification modulation scope of the brightness of described modulating device modulates color, the unit pixel of described color display element is split into first sub-pixel and has second sub-pixel of color filter, make described first sub-pixel show the color that described color modulation scope is interior, and make described second sub-pixel show the brightness of the color in described intensification modulation scope of described color filter, provide colored thus and show.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows the variation of chromatic diagram when the light path residual quantity changes;
Fig. 2 A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E and 2F show the dot structure of a pixel of liquid crystal display cells according to an embodiment of the invention respectively;
Fig. 3 is the explanation view that is used for the layer structure of liquid crystal display cells of the present invention;
Fig. 4 A and 4B are the explanation views that the orientation of liquid crystal display cells of the present invention is cut apart;
Fig. 5 shows the spectrum of the magenta color filter of liquid crystal display cells use of the present invention;
Fig. 6 shows the one other pixel structure of liquid crystal display cells of the present invention;
Fig. 7 shows the one other pixel structure of liquid crystal display cells of the present invention;
Fig. 8 shows the one other pixel structure of liquid crystal display cells of the present invention;
Fig. 9 shows the variation on the chromatic diagram that the light path residual quantity changes in the liquid crystal indicator of the present invention;
Figure 10 be in the liquid crystal indicator of the present invention when color and green complementation color filter in the variation on the chromatic diagram when changing of light path residual quantity;
Figure 11 shows the synoptic diagram of the panchromatic indication range in liquid crystal display cells of the present invention;
Figure 12 illustrates the demonstration look on the red/blue plane that can show in liquid crystal display cells of the present invention;
Figure 13 illustrates the demonstration look on the red/blue plane that can show in another configuration of liquid crystal display cells of the present invention;
Figure 14 illustrates the demonstration look on the red/blue plane that can show in another configuration of liquid crystal display cells of the present invention;
Figure 15 illustrates the demonstration look on the red/blue plane that can show in another configuration of liquid crystal display cells of the present invention;
Figure 16 illustrates the demonstration look on the red/blue plane that can show in another configuration of liquid crystal display cells of the present invention;
Figure 17 illustrates the demonstration look on the red/blue plane that can show in another configuration of liquid crystal display cells of the present invention;
Figure 18 shows the dot structure as the transmission of an example of liquid crystal display cells of the present invention-reflective liquid crystal display element;
Figure 19 shows the another kind of dot structure as the transmission of an example of liquid crystal display cells of the present invention-reflective liquid crystal display element;
Figure 20 shows the another kind of dot structure as the transmission of an example of liquid crystal display cells of the present invention-reflective liquid crystal display element;
Figure 21 shows the another kind of dot structure as the transmission of an example of liquid crystal display cells of the present invention-reflective liquid crystal display element;
Embodiment
The present invention can be applied to various forms as display element, describes of the present invention ultimate principle based on the liquid crystal of ECB effect as example but at first use to 2F with reference to Fig. 2 A.
Citation form
In liquid crystal display cells of the present invention, to shown in the 2F, a pixel 50 is split into a plurality of sub-pixels 51,52 (with 53) as Fig. 2 A, and at one of sub-pixel, i.e. stacked green color filter on the sub-pixel 52.For all the other sub-pixels 51 (with 53), adjust optical path difference and change to show from deceiving to white achromaticity brightness, and red in pinkish red any color to blueness.Promptly, unit pixel comprises first sub-pixel and second sub-pixel, optical path difference by applying the voltage modulated liquid crystal layer in first sub-pixel is with Show Color, and second sub-pixel has color filter, wherein by voltage in intensification modulation scope internal modulation optical path difference to show the color of color filter.This liquid crystal display cells is characterised in that the pixel for the green that shows high observability, does not utilize painted based on ECB, and uses green color filter G, only is used for redness and blueness based on the coloring phenomenon of ECB.
For example, make green (G) pixel with color filter have dark state, make transparent pixels (hereinafter referred to as the pixel that does not have color filter) have white (state of high-high brightness in the achromaticity region of variation), thus, whole pixel can display white.
Perhaps, can make the G pixel have (maximum) pellucidity, and make transparent pixels have magenta in the color region.Magenta comprises red (R) look and indigo plant (B) look, thus white demonstration can be obtained as comprehensive result.
For G is provided monochrome, makes the G pixel have maximum pellucidity, and make transparent pixels have dark state.For R monochrome (B monochrome) is provided, make the G pixel have dark state, and make transparent pixels have the light path difference of 450nm (600nm).Also obtain the color mixture of R and G and the color mixture of B and G by combination.
Need not say, make G pixel and transparent pixels the two all has dark state, then obtain black the demonstration if be set to 0 by optical path difference.
In configuration of the present invention, the G pixel has the optical path difference that changes in 0 to 250nm scope, and transparent pixels has the optical path difference that changes in 0 to 250nm and 450 to 600nm scope.Usually, the liquid crystal material of two sub-pixels all is identical, makes it to have different drive voltage range thereby regulate them.
As result, avoided forming green, thereby eliminated the necessity that increases element thickness by adjusting optical path difference to the green choice color filter.In addition, because green has high observability, so improved picture quality by utilizing color filter to form to have highly purified color.The invention is characterized in the demonstration that utilizes assisting of color filter to carry out the G pixel, and utilize the color of medium self generation to show other each colors, described medium is a liquid crystal in above-mentioned situation.Such structure can be applied to the medium beyond the liquid crystal.Promptly, in general, any situation that the present invention can be applied to meet the following conditions: the medium that uses optical property to be changed by the modulating device that adds from the outside, and this medium has modulation range by the modulating device modulates color and the modulation range by the modulating device modulated luminance.Such medium, (concrete example will be explained in the back) can be used for following step: use such medium to make display device; Unit pixel is made of first transparent sub-pixel and second sub-pixel with color filter; First sub-pixel applied make the color can be in the modulation of particular range internal modulation so that this sub-pixel shows the color in this scope; Second sub-pixel is applied the modulation in the intensification modulation scope so that this sub-pixel changes the brightness of the color of color filter.The modulation that transparent first sub-pixel is applied in the described brightness range makes it possible to show achromatic black, ash and white.
According to the present invention, compare with normally used liquid crystal display cells and to have eliminated the necessity that greatly increases element thickness.According to Fig. 1, red light path difference, green light path difference with 600nm with 450nm.Thereby element thickness can be set to be used to obtain the level of the light path difference of 600nm.In the above example, element thickness should have only about 10 microns.As long as element thickness remains on such level, response speed just can obviously not increase, but remains on about 150 milliseconds, thereby can video display, although to a certain degree fuzzy can occur.
In addition, if apply it to the reflective liquid crystal display element, then element thickness reduces half, makes the response time reduce to 1/4th, reach 40 milliseconds or below, this is the level that dynamic image can almost show without a doubt.
In addition, because green color reproduction scope depends on color filter, and the observability height, need not sacrifice the transmissivity of white content so can obtain high-caliber colorrendering quality.
As previously mentioned, gray level display in ECB in colored the demonstration is difficult, but in the present invention, can provide green continuous gray level display, thereby human eye not can be appreciated that the gray level characteristic tangible weakening is not arranged, therefore can obtain coloured image relatively preferably.
The element thickness of green pixel makes can provide the demonstration of λ/2 conditions under the situation of transmission-type, the demonstration of λ/4 conditions can be provided under the situation of reflection-type, this element thickness is enough, thereby the painted pattern based on ECB that comprises the tradition green with use is compared, the element thickness of green pixel can reduce, as a result, can improve the response speed of green pixel.
That is, for element of the present invention, the response speed with green pixel of high observability characteristic increases, thereby can show for human eye provides at a high speed.In addition, in above-mentioned example, do not have in the pixel of color filter, when applying voltage, use painted based on ECB, thereby utilize the red and blue demonstration of high voltage drive.Therefore, show, and for green pixel, corresponding with the element thickness d2 that reduces, response speed increases, thereby make and to suppress the variation of response speed between color for red and blue pixel provides the high speed that obtained by high drive.
In the present invention, can be by using the demonstration that digital grayscale is provided as sub-pixel based on the pixel segmentation of the coloring phenomenon of ECB effect.On the other hand, be not split in pixel under the situation of such sub-pixel, but the number of display gray scale is limited to bright and dark two values, compares with the situation of using traditional RGB color filter, the number of sub-pixel that can pixel is required is reduced to 2 from 3.Therefore, when the number of drive IC was identical, effectively number of pixels can be increased to 1.5 times to obtain the demonstrations of high-res.Perhaps, in order to obtain the pixel of similar number, the number of required drive IC can reduce, thereby might obtain display board cheaply.In addition, for above-mentioned number of greyscale levels purpose problem, can use the Flame Image Process such as Rendering Process (dither).As a result, can provide gray level display and still keep meticulous granularity.In addition, can think that along with such increase picture element density, granularity becomes and is difficult to naked eyes identification.
Gray level display
In the liquid crystal display cells of Fig. 2 A, continuous gray level display can be provided for the green pixel with high observability characteristic, but because used painted based on ECB, so can not be that Lan Hehong provides gray level display for the colored state in transparent pixels zone.
Fig. 2 B shows improvement in this respect, and transparent pixels is split into a plurality of sub-pixels 51 and 53, and the area that changes them is than digitally to represent gray level.
Because sub-pixel has different areas, thus shadow tone shown to a certain degree according to the area of the sub-pixel of opening, and shown look.
At this moment, when the number of sub-pixel is N, cut apart transparent pixels so that their area ratio is 1: 2: ...: 2 N-1, can obtain the gray level characteristic of highly linear thus.In the example of Fig. 2 B, the number of sub-pixel is 2 (N=2).
In liquid crystal display cells of the present invention, only to having the red and blue use digital grayscale of low observability characteristic.Add to green pixel that the continuous modulation of 0 to 250nm scope is feasible might to show continuous tone.As a result, human eye perceives is less than there being substantial infringement to tone, thereby can obtain coloured image preferably.That is, feature of the present invention only also is for the red and blue use digital grayscale with the appreciable gray level of a limited number of human eye, thereby, even utilize a limited number of gray level also can provide enough characteristics.
In addition, even in order to utilize a limited number of gray scale level also to have enough gray level characteristics as mentioned above, less pitch is better.Specifically, according to the resolution that the people can not discern pixel again, expect that pitch is 200 microns or littler.
Examples of applications
As mentioned above, liquid crystal display cells of the present invention is for the red and blue display packing of taking to utilize based on the coloring phenomenon of ECB effect, thus make might with use the situation of color filter to compare respectively to red and blueness to reduce optical loss greatly.As a result, show that with traditional RGB color filter that only utilizes trichromatic pattern compares, can obtain to have the element of higher light utilization rate.Like this, liquid crystal display cells of the present invention can as the paper shape show or Electronic Paper in the reflective liquid crystal display element.
On the other hand, in this pattern, even the transflective liquid crystal display element also has the liquid crystal layer of high-transmission rate, thereby reduced the required backlight power consumption of brightness that acquisition equates with traditional mode, thereby it suitably is used for the reduction aspect of power consumption.
In addition, owing to have high-speed response, display element of the present invention also can be used for video display.For the liquid crystal display cells that is used for TV, openly proposed to be called as the driving method of " accurate pulsed drive " before this in early days among the No.2001-272956 etc. at Japanese patent application, in the method, in a frame period, provide one period shut-in time backlight to obtain dynamic image characteristic clearly, but this method has such problem: with provide the shut-in time relevant, brightness has reduced.To such use, can use and have as the response speed of the raising of this pattern and the display element of high-transmission rate.
This display unit also is suitable for having the projection display element of high light utilization rate.
Alternate embodiment
In the above-described embodiments, show by using color filter to obtain analogue gray-scale for green, obtained digital grayscale in the red and blue demonstration for red and blue the demonstration by utilizing based on the coloring phenomenon of ECB effect with based on the display packing of pixel segmentation processing.This example is suitable for the application of high-resolution display element, even so that utilize limited number of grayscale levels also can experience enough gray level characteristics.
On the other hand, in the reflective liquid crystal display element, existing needs high-grade reflectivity and a large amount of application that shows look.In addition, in the transflective liquid crystal display element of panchromatic demonstration can be provided, need the display mode of high-transmission rate, when keeping panchromatic display capabilities, to reduce backlight power consumption.In addition,, for example have the liquid crystal projection apparatus of high light utilization efficiency, also have a lot of demands panchromatic demonstration being provided and having the display mode of high light utilization efficiency.
In order to satisfy such demand, comprise as the method that the basis can increase the number of color with this pattern:
(1) utilization is based on the method for the coloring phenomenon of the ECB effect of the optical path difference except red and blue optical path difference;
(2) in the low optical path difference scope that is equipped with on color with the pixel of the color filter of green complementation, utilize the method for continuous gray-scales color; With
(3) increase the method that is equipped with any one pixel in red and the blue color filter.
Above-mentioned each method will be described below.
Change example 1
Utilization is based on the method for the coloring phenomenon of the ECB effect of the optical path difference except red and blue optical path difference
The principle that red and blue demonstration is provided based on the coloring phenomenon of ECB effect of utilizing described above.In the coloring phenomenon based on the ECB effect, as shown in Figure 9, tone can continuously change from white to the blueness.That is,, also there are a large amount of demonstration looks that can be used, and, can show than the more substantial demonstration look of color described above by utilizing such demonstration look except above-described redness with blue the demonstration.Specifically, the demonstration look under Nicol crossed changes in the configuration that sub-pixel 1 is not equipped with color filter in order to be described in, along with the increase of shown in the arrow mark among Fig. 9, starting from scratch of light path residual quantity, achromaticity brightness changes to white demonstration from the black ash (medium tone) that is shown to, in the light path residual quantity surpasses the scope of white scope, shades of colour can be from the Huang to the Huang red to red to purple to purple to royal purple to blue stainization.
By with achromaticity scope and green pixel combination, can provide high brightness green demonstration.There is any color in the color range can combine with green pixel to show Neutral colour.
In addition, utilize as the above-mentioned configuration under the red situation, these colors can show digital grayscale.Therefore can show a large amount of demonstration looks.
Change example 2
In the low optical path difference scope that is equipped with on color with the pixel of the color filter of green complementation, utilize the method for continuous gray-scales color
If, then surpass in the scope of white scope in the light path residual quantity as not using color filter at sub-pixel 1 at citation form with changing in the example 1, shown tone from the Huang to the Huang red to red to purple (magenta) to purple to royal purple to blue variation.In this changes example, change and painted sub-pixel 1 has been equipped with such as magenta on color the color filter with green complementation by optical path difference.Therefore, red and blue color reproduction scope can be widened greatly.
Fig. 2 C and 2D show the pixel arrangement of this variation example.G pixel one setter system has the green color filter identical with the green color filter of citation form, and transparent sub-pixel 1 (52,53) is equipped with magenta color filter in citation form and variation example 1.Fig. 2 C shows the situation of a sub-pixel 1 (52), and Fig. 2 D shows sub-pixel 1 is split into two sub-pixels (52,53) with 2: 1 ratio situation.Second sub-pixel 51 (G pixel) is carried out the interior modulation of the modulated scope of wherein brightness to change green brightness; First sub-pixel (52,53) is carried out modulation in the modulated scope of color wherein with Show Color; Carry out the interior modulation of the modulated scope of wherein brightness to carry out the pinkish red reformed demonstration of brightness.Figure 10 illustrates of the variation of the calculated value of change color in the following cases: desirable magenta color filter is provided, make that in 480nm transmissivity in the wavelength of 580nm be 0, and transmissivity has been 100% in other wavelength along with optical path difference.Along with the increase of starting from scratch of light path residual quantity, presented from black and be shown to the colour brightness variation that dark magenta (medium tone of magenta) shows to brilliant fuchsin.After this, do not using for sub-pixel 1 in the example of color filter,, presenting from magenta to change continuously to purple color to purple (magenta) to indigo plant to red when the light path residual quantity further increases and when arriving level in the scope of the light path residual quantity that surpasses white scope.
Compare with Fig. 9, the range expansion that colourity changes is near red and blue heavy shade (corner of chromatic diagram), like this, be appreciated that by magenta color filter is provided, red and blue color reproduction range expansion.In addition, the variation from red to indigo plant is carried out than downside along chromatic diagram, is further appreciated that the continuous variation that has obtained the color mixture from red to indigo plant.Like this, by magenta color filter is provided, red and blue color reproduction scope has been expanded, simultaneously, and when the continuous variation that Neutral colour takes place to have obtained when optical path difference changes.
In the present embodiment for display white, pinkish red pixel 52 and 53 (being called sub-pixel 1 in the present embodiment) and G pixel 51 all are set to the identical light path difference (250nm) of given maximum transmission rate.Perhaps, can make G pixel 51 have maximum pellucidity (the light path difference is 250nm), pinkish red pixel 52 and 53 can be set to some the middle-bracket light path difference (near 550nm) between red and basket.Under the situation of last method, in order to change achromatic brightness, can change the optical path difference of pinkish red pixel according to the optical path difference of green color filter, make the gray level of two sub-pixels change in phase.
If demonstration black, each is monochromatic or show their color mixture then to show G/R/B, with the mode executable operations identical with citation form.
The gray level representation of Fig. 2 B in gray level representation when pinkish red pixel is split into two pixels and the citation form is identical.
In this alternate embodiment, by using such as magenta on color the color filter with green complementation, the achromaticity gray level expressing can be provided, simultaneously, can be provided on the color gray level display with the color of green complementation, thereby make and to increase the number of the demonstration look that can show greatly.
Magenta color filter makes red and indigo plant all sees through, and makes to compare with the classic method of blue color filter with being provided with redness, can obtain high brightness and show.
Change example 3
Increase the method that is equipped with any one pixel in red and the blue color filter
Fig. 2 E shows the pixel arrangement of this variation example.In this changes example,, the 3rd sub-pixel 55 with blue color filter and the 4th sub-pixel 56 have also been added with red color filter except G pixel 51 and pinkish red pixel 52,53 with 54 (cutting apart than 4: 2: 1 three tunnel) with area.
The display action of G pixel and pinkish red pixel is identical with last embodiment, shows with the continuous gray-scales that green brightness is provided in low optical path difference scope internal modulation G pixel.In identical optical path difference scope or bigger coloured optical path difference scope continuously the pinkish red pixel of modulation to present blueness or redness and Neutral colour.
For third and fourth sub-pixel 55 and 56, the scope internal modulation optical path difference 0 to 250nm, and the brightness of Lan Hehong changes continuously.Their effect will be described below.
Figure 11 shows the demonstration look that can utilize RGB additive color mixed mode to show, wherein any point in the cube is represented the state corresponding to the red/blue/green blend of colors of coordinate figure, by the state of the vertex representation minimum brightness shown in the Bk.Here, when given red/blue/during green image information signal, show corresponding to extend from Bk point red/blue/green independent vectorial and the demonstration look of position.
R/G/B among the figure represents respectively red/indigo plant/green high-high brightness state, W represents white show state.In addition, the degree on a limit is 255.
Here, in display element of the present invention,, use color filter that continuous gray level display is provided, thereby can individually take out any point in green direction for green.Like this, when discuss showing look in the back, will they be discussed going up by red/plane (hereinafter referred to as the RB plane) that blue vector constitutes.
At first, use Figure 12 that the situation (pixel not divided situation) of utilization based on a pixel of the coloring phenomenon of ECB effect is discussed.Figure 12 shows a RB plane.Here, during red demonstration and blue demonstration, use coloring phenomenon, and can adopt out and close two values and show state with showing slinkingly as bright based on the ECB effect.Like this, on R axle and B axle, can obtain maximal value (R, B) and two points of minimum value (Bk).
On the other hand, in the configuration of in changing example 2, describing, that is, and provide on the color with the situation of the magenta color filter of green complementation under, can change the brightness of magenta by the optical path difference of the pinkish red pixel of change in 0 to 250nm scope.Demonstration look in this scope be present on the RB plane on axle by the direction of the resultant vector of R shown in the arrow mark among Figure 12 and B, this is used to represent the continuous variation of brightness.That is, in changing example 2, any point on Bk point (initial point), R point, B point and the arrow mark can be as showing look.
Use RB plane shown in Figure 13 to describe the situation that use is cut apart according to 1: 2 ratio based on the pixel quilt of the coloring phenomenon of ECB effect below.Here, the same with the not divided situation of pixel, during red demonstration and blue demonstration, use coloring phenomenon based on the ECB effect, show state as bright with showing slinkingly thereby can take away and close two values for each single divided pixel.On the other hand, because pixel is divided into two pixels by the ratio according to 1: 2, so can obtain four points representing by circular mark in the drawings at each R axle and B axle.
Here, by on each point shown in R3 and the B3, two pixels all are in red demonstration or blue show state in the drawings.
On by each point shown in R1 and the B1, the less pixel in the divided pixel is in red show state or blue show state, and another bigger pixel is in black show state.Here,, can obtain pinkish red continuous gray-scales color for bigger pixel, thus each point on can obtaining from each R1 and B1 point along the arrow mark of the direction extension of RB resultant vector.Based on same discussion, can obtain each point on the arrow mark that the direction from each R2 and B2 point along the RB resultant vector extends.That is, first sub-pixel with magenta color filter is split into two sub-pixels with different area, and it is red or blue that a sub-pixel is shown, makes another sub-pixel change the demonstration of brightness, shown pinkish red digital halftone thus.Green pixel can continuously change brightness, can carry out colour thus and show.
Based on same discussion, the arrow mark in Figure 14 shows available demonstration look when use is cut apart according to 1: 2: 4 ratio based on the pixel of the coloring phenomenon of ECB effect.
Usually, the pinkish red shadow tone of this feasible possible display digit, wherein magenta color filter is positioned on first sub-pixel of utilization based on the coloring phenomenon of ECB effect, this first sub-pixel is split into a plurality of sub-pixels with different area so that the part of sub-pixel shows red or blue according to the ECB effect, make other parts change the demonstration of brightness, can show pinkish red shadow tone thus.
In this way, along with the increase of the number of divided pixel, the number of available demonstration look also increases on the RB plane.But this method is strict strict relevant with digital grayscale, rather than simulates panchromatic demonstration.
Then, change in the example at this, increase has the pixel (55 and 56 among Fig. 2 E) of red and blue color filter to obtain analogue gray-scale.These pixels are set up blue and red continuous brightness variation respectively, thereby by the vector representation of the variable-magnitude of R axle on Figure 13 and 14 and R axle.Therefore, can show the red and blue of continuous gray-scales, thereby can carry out interpolation, feasible so all points that might show on the RB plane for the zone except the arrow mark in Figure 13 and 14.
That is, only second sub-pixel as intensification modulation is split into a plurality of sub-pixels, and one of a plurality of sub-pixels are equipped with green color filter, and other sub-pixels are equipped with redness and/or blue color filter.The modulation that each second sub-pixel is carried out in the modulated scope of wherein brightness changes to cause brightness, and the digital pinkish red shadow tone of explaining upward shows the continuous shadow tone of interpolation thus, the feasible optional shadow tone that can show on the RB plane.Green continuous tone combines with it, can carry out panchromatic demonstration thus.
Filled up by the neutral gear between the digital pinkish red tone of first sub-pixel demonstration because be provided with the pixel of second sub-pixel of redness and blue color filter on it, so carry out modulation so that maximum brightness is just enough by the brightness that the minimum sub-pixel in the sub-pixel of forming first sub-pixel shows no better than.
Pixel 55 with red and blue color filter that add this moment and 56 size can be not more than the area of sub-pixel 54, and wherein the area of sub-pixel 54 is to cut apart minimum in the sub-pixel 52,53 and 54 that pixel obtains by as above description.That is, in Figure 14, for example, respectively by shown in the circular mark from the Bk point to R7 and displayable some I in the B7 scope of ordering uniformly-spaced to arrange.Any point on the arrow mark that can obtain beginning to extend along the direction of RB resultant vector from circular mark.Add pixel 55 and 56 with red and blue color filter to the configuration that can show such color, the area of the sub-pixel of the minimum in the sub-pixel that their area equals to cut apart, thus, it is mixed that any point on the arrow mark shown in R-CF among Figure 15 and B-CF can carry out additive color.Therefore, can show all points on the RB plane, making like this to provide perfect simulation panchromatic demonstration.
In addition, as mentioned above, the size of the pixel with red and blue color filter that is added can be not more than as previously mentioned the area by the sub-pixel of the minimum in the sub-pixel of cutting apart the pixel acquisition, thereby the number of the pixel of being cut apart is big more, and the influence of the reduction of the light utilization rate that is associated with the use of red/blue color filter just can be alleviated more bigly.That is, use is big more based on the divided number of pixel of the coloring phenomenon of ECB effect, and the light utilization rate that can obtain is just high more.
In addition, at this moment,, also can obtain effective effect even redness and blue color filter all are not added.Fig. 2 F shows a such example, wherein only exists to have the pixel 56 of red color filter.Hatched area in Figure 16 shows the scope that can show look when only having added red color filter.In the figure, can show to all colors, but have the demonstration look that can not be shown in blue direction at red.But for human vision property, blueness is least responsive, thereby thinks that blueness can have the gray level of minimal amount.Therefore, by only adding red color filter, can obtain to be equivalent to panchromatic demonstration look.
In addition, in the configuration identical,, can show all demonstration looks by moving Bk point as the reference of R1 position among Figure 15 with configuration shown in Figure 16.In addition, at this moment, black show state is changed into little red demonstration look, but such method for example can be used for the application such as the reflection display element, compares with the transmission display element, and the requirement to contrast in described application is not so strict.
By said method, can represent panchromatic or be equivalent to panchromatic demonstration look.
Applicable liquid crystal display pattern
The various liquid crystal display patterns that the present invention can be applied to describe below.
Above-mentioned VA pattern make when less than the liquid crystal molecule in the liquid crystal layer when liquid crystal molecule applies voltage with almost vertical direction orientation with real estate, and make when when liquid crystal molecule applies voltage, molecule is close to vertical direction with respect to described, to change optical path difference.
In OCB (Optically Compensated Bend) (optical compensation curved) pattern, by at bending direction with almost change directed state in the scope between the vertical direction and change optical path difference.Therefore, from the adaptable viewpoint of the present invention, ocb mode is identical with the VA pattern.
In the present invention, utilize the demonstration look that changes with optical path difference, thereby must consider the tonal variation that causes by the visual angle.But the progress of current LCD exploitation is so remarkable, to such an extent as to the view angle dependency problem in the colour liquid crystal display device that uses RGB color filter pattern that says without exaggeration that has almost solved.For example, in OCB (optical compensation curved) pattern, reported by means of the self compensation effect limits of curved oriented the optical path difference that is associated with visual angle change and changed.And in the STN pattern, along with the progress of the exploitation of optical path difference film, viewing angle characteristic improves greatly.The present invention can also be applied in OCB and the STN pattern, and this is because in these patterns, can obtain coloring phenomenon based on the ECB effect by the light path residual quantity suitably is set.Especially in ocb mode, previously described response speed can obtain considerable improvement, thereby this pattern is applicable in the application that needs high-speed performance.
On the other hand, MVA (Multidomain Virtical Alignment) (multidomain vertical alignment) pattern is as the pattern commercialization with fabulous viewing angle characteristic and widely-used.In addition, a kind of pattern that is called PVA (Pattern Virtical Alignment) (pattern vertical alignment) pattern also is extensive use of.
In these vertical orientation patterns, by making the surface have scrambling (MVA) and adjusting electrode shape (PVA)
Direction with the control liquid crystal molecules tilt obtains wide viewing angle characteristics.Because the light path residual quantity in these patterns is along with change in voltage, configuration of the present invention can be applied to these patterns.In this way, can be satisfied the liquid crystal display of the requirement of high-transmission rate (perhaps reflectivity), wide visual angle and big color space simultaneously.
In addition, Fig. 3 shows the structure that is used for reflective liquid crystal element of the present invention, and this reflective liquid crystal element comprises the glass substrate that has reflecting plate on polaroid 1, phase compensator 2, glass substrate 2, transparency electrode 4, liquid crystal layer 5, transparency electrode 6 and the surface.To briefly describe below can provide bright and show slinkingly the principle of showing.
At first, for simplicity, liquid crystal layer 5 is not directed to be cut apart.In addition, for simplicity, only used wavelength 550nm (single wavelength).Phase compensator 2 is single shafts, and its light path residual quantity is 137.5nm, and the phase retardation axle is positioned at clockwise direction (from the polaxis 8 of polaroid 1) miter angle.In addition, when not applying voltage, liquid crystal layer 5 vertical orientations, and will describe and use so-called VA pattern, in this pattern, make liquid crystal molecules tilt by applying voltage.At this moment, liquid crystal molecule is with respect to the polaroid 1 direction inclination of (from the polaxis 8 of polaroid one side) 45 degree along clockwise direction.The sight of this moment is shown in Fig. 4 A.In addition, in the figure, the optical axis of label 9 expression phase compensators 2.
Be divided into along the polarization components of the direction of the optical axis 9 of phase compensator with perpendicular to the former polarization components through the exterior light of polaroid 1.
Each component with between phase compensator 2 and liquid crystal layer 5 back and forth the mode of process pass through respectively they twice.As a result, between component, caused to differ, again by polaroid output, wherein the phase difference by the optical path difference of the optical path difference of phase compensator and liquid crystal layer and provide.
In above-mentioned configuration, if liquid crystal layer 5 is not applied voltage, then owing to liquid crystal layer 5 vertical orientations, so the light path difference of liquid crystal layer 5 is 0.Therefore, the reflectivity T% in above-mentioned configuration is represented by following equation.
T%=cos 2(π * 2 * 137.5/550)=0 ... (equation 1)
Like this, reflectivity is 0 when not applying voltage, and promptly this is common black configuration.
See now and apply voltage condition.
At this moment, voltage application makes liquid crystal molecule tilt along the direction that is parallel to phase compensator 2.Like this, suppose that the light path residual quantity that takes place is R (V) when liquid crystal molecules tilt in liquid crystal layer 5, then reflectivity T% (V) is represented by following equation when applying voltage.
T%=cos 2(π * 2 * 137.5+R (V)/550)=0 ... (equation 2)
Like this, can obtain the reflectivity of the expectation consistent with voltage.Although the supposition liquid crystal molecule is parallel to the optical axis direction inclination of phase compensator in the superincumbent explanation, the vergence direction of liquid crystal molecule is not limited thereto, but can be optional direction, and this is because the light of process phase compensator becomes circularly polarized light.
In addition, pattern is as directional pattern to have proposed CPA (Continuous Pinwheel Alignment) (pinwheel alignment continuously), and this directional pattern is vertical orientation when not applying voltage, and this and above-described mode class are seemingly.((non-patent literature 2) Sharp's technical report: No.80, August calendar year 2001, the 11st page).
This pattern is such: as the situation of the PVA pattern described, when applying voltage, adjust the direction of electrode shape with the control liquid crystal molecules tilt in the above.When applying voltage, this pattern has so directed state: liquid crystal molecule tilts with the radial form from the center radiation of sub-pixel, thereby has realized widening of visual angle.Because the light path residual quantity is along with voltage changes in the CPA pattern, the present invention can also be applied to the CPA pattern.
In addition, non-patent literature 2 has been described by using the reverse TN pattern of utilizing the liquid crystal material that has added chiral material to improve the transmissivity of liquid crystal, can be used in combination birefringent characteristic and guide properties, thereby improve the light utilization rate.The interpolation of chiral material also can be applied in the configuration of the present invention.
But, in configuration of the present invention, in the CPA pattern, at reflective liquid crystal and also use under the situation of circular polarizing disk,, also can obtain satisfied reflectivity even do not add chiral material.This will be discussed in more detail below.
Consider to have the configuration of following three layers that pile up below: (1) circular polarizing disk; (2) liquid crystal layer and (3) reflecting plate.At first, if in liquid crystal layer, there is not birefringence, for example liquid crystal layer is a vertical orientation, then the light from outside incident at first passes through circular polarizing disk (1), and it its polarization state is without any modulation when being reflected, the light of reflection passes through circular polarizing disk once more, and advance towards the outside, here, because light is through circular polarizing disk twice, so there is not possibility light to enter the outside especially in satisfying the ripple scope of circular polarization condition.That is, the CPA pattern of liquid crystal layer vertical orientation has normal black configuration in above-mentioned configuration when not applying voltage.Here, when applying voltage, liquid crystal material is with radial inclination, thereby they tilt to all azimuth directions.Enter at the linearly polarized light the same under the situation of transmission-type of liquid crystal layer with non-patent literature 2, when the polarised direction of the direction of molecular axis and polaroid is identical, the light utilization rate reduces, but enter at circularly polarized light under the situation of configuration of liquid crystal layer, polarized light is independent of liquid crystal and is equally modulated along the direction of the molecular axis of its inclination.According to above-mentioned principle, at reflection display mode and use the CPA pattern of circular polarizing disk to be applied under the situation of configuration of the present invention, can described in non-patent literature 2, add chiral material, perhaps not necessarily add chiral material.
Be applied to transmission-reflective liquid crystal display element
As above in conventional art, describe, the cross-section structure that is used for transmission-reflective liquid crystal display element is such: provide interlayer isolation film so that the element thickness of regional transmission is the twice of the element thickness of reflector space, can make the light utilization efficiency maximization of regional transmission and reflector space so simultaneously, this configuration is known.
Can in display element of the present invention, use above-mentioned known configuration.
But, on the other hand, if in display element of the present invention, realize above-mentioned configuration, then it is based on the painted displaying principle that use realizes by birefringence, thereby need make element thickness greater than the element thickness that does not use the painted liquid crystal display such as twisted-nematic (TN) liquid crystal that realizes by birefringence.That is, need of the configuration of the thickness of interlayer isolation film greater than the zone segregation film thickness of common transmission-reflecting element display element.
In addition, if consider to use the situation of transmission-reflective liquid crystal display unit, then as mentioned above, under the situation of very bright exterior light, also provide sufficient observability even require for display, the place should reach high-caliber contrast and color reprodubility in indoor, dark place etc., and panchromatic digital content should verily be reproduced.
Wherein, even also can satisfy as reflective-mode by using following display packing for display provides the requirement of the observability of abundance under the situation of very bright exterior light: this display packing is based on the displaying principle of using painted this programme of being realized by birefringence.
On the other hand, the method for describing as basic configuration in this programme has been used and has been utilized based on the coloring phenomenon of ECB effect and the digital grayscale of cutting apart realization by the area of pixel to show the display packing such as the color of Lan Hehong except green.In very fine display element, such digital grayscale has surpassed the limit of human vision, is a kind of perfect panchromatic demonstration therefore, if but fineness not necessarily reaches requirement, then may be short of a little aspect the gray level display ability.
Like this, can think, need higher gray level display ability in order verily to reproduce digital content with transmission mode.
Like this, the present invention has utilized little color filter pattern of generally using, makes the RGB color filter be used for transmission mode, and the transmissivity of liquid crystal layer changes to white continuously from black.That is, reflective-mode provides red and blue demonstration by using the painted pattern based on the ECB effect, utilizes color filter that green demonstration is provided, and transmission mode utilizes color filter that colored demonstration is provided to all red/green/indigo plant.Like this, above-mentioned two requirements for transmission-reflective liquid crystal can be compatible.
Have the arrangements of components of different display mode concerning reflection and transmission by utilization, the net effect that presents is different from simple combination and the effect that obtains.
As previously mentioned, in present transmission-reflective liquid crystal display element, display packing based on same principle should be provided between reflector space and regional transmission for reflector space and regional transmission, thereby, for each region list reveals optimum light utilization efficiency, should between reflector space and regional transmission, provide 2 times element thickness difference.
For this purpose, need an interlayer isolation film to be shaped as mentioned above and handle.
On the other hand, reflection is being utilized different display modes with transmission, especially as in the solution of the present invention, reflective-mode is used painted pattern based on the ECB effect, do not use under the situation based on the transmission-reflective liquid crystal display element of the pattern of the coloring phenomenon of ECB effect for the transmission mode utilization, use of the present invention based on the painted pattern of ECB effect in, only the demonstration that shows up to indigo plant just should show based on the ECB effect.Like this, for the demonstration that obtains to be shown to blue demonstration from black in reflective-mode, the light path residual quantity that liquid crystal layer (the perhaps combination of liquid crystal layer and phase compensator) provides should be able to change in the scope of 300nm at 0nm under the control of voltage.
On the other hand, in order to obtain the demonstration that is shown to white demonstration from black based on the ECB effect in transmission mode, the light path residual quantity of liquid crystal layer (the perhaps combination of liquid crystal layer and phase compensator) should be able to change in the scope of 250nm at 0nm under the control of voltage.
That is, be in close proximity at the required element thickness of regional transmission at the required element thickness of reflector space.Like this, compare with current configuration, the thickness of interlayer dielectric can reduce considerably.Therefore, can prevent to tend to reducing of numerical aperture that the contraction (taper) of the directed defective that takes place as the result that different element thickness is provided and step portion causes.
Perhaps, if being made as in controllable thickness, the thickness of liquid crystal layer keeps constant under 300nm or the littler condition,, and in transmission mode, utilize the scope of voltage-controlled amount to be limited in the scope of 0nm to 250nm, then eliminated the necessity that forms interlayer dielectric.Therefore, can simplify photoetching process (photolithograhpy process), thereby with reducing cost.In addition, can easily realize unified orientation, and can improve numerical aperture.
In addition, in transmission of the present invention-reflective liquid crystal display element,, show that for different patterns look dissimilates in reflective-mode and transmission mode when when demonstration is provided under the identical voltage applying condition.In the case, be more preferably, pixel arrangement makes can control the voltage that is applied independently at reflector space and regional transmission.
Discussion above Fig. 6 illustrates and sums up obtains the preferred disposition as transmission of the present invention-reflective liquid crystal display element.
The transparency electrode of label 61,62 among Fig. 6 and 63 expression ITO.Pass at light on the light path of these transparency electrodes 61,62 and 63 and formed indigo plant/green/red color filter respectively.Label 64,65 and 66 is reflecting electrodes of aluminium and so on.Pass at light on the light path of reflecting electrode 65 and form green color filter.For this color filter, the reflection type with the color reproduction scope that reduces can be used to improve light utilization efficiency, perhaps can only be formed for the color filter of the transmission-type of electrode 62 on the part of reflecting electrode.On reflecting electrode 64 and 66, do not form color filter, can be formed on the color color filter with the color such as magenta of green complementation to strengthen the colour purity of using based on the painted demonstration look of ECB effect.
Preferably, transparency electrode 61,62 is identical with 63 areas, the ratio of the area of the area of reflecting electrode 64 and reflecting electrode 66 preferably 1: 2.In addition, more preferably, consider the balance of color filter transmissivity and adjust the area ratio more subtly.Preferably, the area beguine certificate of the area of the sub-pixel of being made up of reflecting electrode 64 and 66 1 and the sub-pixel of being made up of the reflecting electrode 65 2 wavelength spectrum transmissison characteristic that is used for the color filter of sub-pixel 2 is suitably adjusted subtly to guarantee optimum colour balance.
In addition, more preferably, when using when being cut apart by area based on the painted sub-pixel of ECB effect, considered pixel shape and make the pixel layout method (not shown) that the color center of gravity of each gray level does not move.
In general transmission-reflective liquid crystal display element, often to each transparency electrode 61,62 with 63 and reflection spot 64,65 apply identical voltage with 66 transmissive pixel with reflective pixel, but, preferably, in the configuration of element of the present invention, these six pixels can be independently by Control of Voltage, and this is because for reflective-mode and transmission mode, and the condition difference of demonstration is provided.
In addition, as shown in Figure 7, in reflective-mode, can increase littler sub-pixel to increase the number that utilizes based on the gray level in the painted colour demonstration of ECB effect.In addition, in Fig. 7, label 71 to 76 is corresponding to the label among Fig. 6 61 to 66, and label 77 and 78 is represented the sub-pixel of increase.Here, under the situation that increases sub-pixel 77 and 78, preferably, the area of the reflection region in pixel ratio is 1: 2: 4: 8: ...: 2 N-1Electrode form is not limited to the form shown in Fig. 7, but can select various electrode forms.
At this moment, the liquid crystal layer in the optically clear area has the analogue gray-scale ability to each RGB look, thereby, needn't in the configuration of Fig. 6, increase the number of pixel.
In addition, the method for describing in the above-mentioned method that makes number of color increase (3) can be used for combining with transmission described herein-reflective liquid crystal display element.By this combination, can obtain panchromatic demonstration at transmission mode and reflective-mode.
Its example is shown in Figure 18.In Figure 18, the pixel that label 181,182 and 183 expressions provide transmission-type to show, they are equipped with blueness, green and red color filter respectively.The pixel that label 185 expression cremasteric reflex types show, it is equipped with green color filter.The pixel that label 184,186 and 187 expression cremasteric reflex types show, they can use the coloring phenomenon based on the ECB effect that redness and blue demonstration the with tonal variation is provided.In addition, pixel 184,186 and 187 is equipped with on color the color filter with the color such as magenta of green complementation, and the area of these pixels ratio is 4: 2: 1.The pixel that label 188 and 189 expression cremasteric reflex types show, they are equipped with redness and blue color filter respectively, and their area almost equates with the area of pixel 187.
Therefore, the panchromatic demonstration of the blueness, green and the red color filter that utilize transmissive pixels 181,182 and 183 can be provided and utilize the panchromatic demonstration of the pixel arrangement of reflective pixel 184 to 189, and pixel 184,186 and 187 uses the coloring phenomenon based on the ECB effect that the red and blue demonstration with tonal variation is provided, thereby might realize that the panchromatic reflection of high brightness shows.
Like this, in the configuration shown in Figure 18, can the two realizes panchromatic demonstration to reflection and transmission, and color display mode is different from that reflection shows and the transmission demonstration, thus feasible might obtain aforesaid with can reduce the relevant advantage of interlayer film thickness considerably.
In addition, the configuration of Figure 18 can rearrange as among Figure 19.In Figure 19, label 191,192 and 193 expression transmission-type display pixels, it is equipped with blueness, green and red color filter respectively.Label 195 expression reflection-type display pixels, it is equipped with green color filter.Label 194,196 and 197 is reflection-type display pixels, they can use the coloring phenomenon based on the ECB effect that redness and blue demonstration the with tonal variation is provided, and they are equipped with on color the color filter with the color such as magenta of green complementation, and the area ratio of these pixels is 4: 2: 1. Label 198 and 199 expression reflection-type display pixels, they are equipped with redness and blue color filter respectively, and their area almost equates with the area of reflection-type display pixel 197.
In this configuration, different with Figure 18, be used to reflect the location like this of the pixel with color filter of demonstration and transmission demonstration so that they are adjacent one another are.Therefore, this has brought following advantage: when using common color filter as red and blue color filter for reflection and transmission, the burden of the fine patterning processing of color filter can reduce.In addition, when the color filter that uses different spectral-transmission characteristicses for reflection and perspective during, take place in alignment that the influence to the demonstration look can minimize under the situation of slight shift as red and blue color filter.
In addition, in the two, preferably, nine sub-pixels are configured to give its image information signal independently at Figure 18 and Figure 19.
But, thereby if consider the low situation backlight of opening transmission of the present invention-reflective liquid crystal display element of ambient light illumination, then can via the ordinary electrode (not shown) in Figure 19 blue pixel 191 and 199 and red pixel 193 and 198 apply ordinary image signal, this is because what can think that naked eyes are identified as display message mainly is the image phenomenon of transmissive pixels, and the blueness that is used for reflection-type occupies the relative little part of whole pixel with red area.
Like this, if may begin to be concerned about the ambient light illumination height, then because the image information of reflective pixel preponderate, so display quality deterioration a little.But, because be used for the redness of reflection-type demonstration and the area that blue pixel occupies a fraction in the pixel in fact, so most of image informations can think that by green color filter pixel and the pixel decision of using based on the tonal variation of ECB effect the deterioration of display quality is not obvious.
In addition,, when ambient light illumination is high, backlightly do not open in fact, so, then can provide demonstration without a doubt if be applied to reflective pixel when the information signal of expecting when not opening backlight because usually.
Promptly, when the common signal of regional transmission and reflector space is applied in as the image information signal that is applied to red and blue pixel, the information signal that will be applied to regional transmission when backlight open is given higher priority, the information signal that will be applied to reflector space when backlight the unlatching gives higher priority, thus, can realize being used for applying the versatility of the device of voltage, and minimize the deterioration of display quality simultaneously to these pixels.
For example, using TFT to drive under the situation of display element of configuration with Figure 19, if all pixels by drive, then a pixel needs nine TFT elements altogether, and, can only provide seven TFT elements by realizing the aforesaid configuration that applies the common information signal.
As mentioned above, color display mode of the present invention can be used as transmission-type or reflection-type, and can obtain the element of very high light utilization efficiency.It also can be used as transmission-reflection type, but in the case, painted red/the indigo plant based on the ECB effect of utilizing on principle of the application of the invention shows, with the green demonstration that in reflector space, has color filter, and be provided at regional transmission have all red/colour of green/blue color filter shows, not only can realize satisfying the display performance of all requirements of transmission-reflective liquid crystal display element, and eliminated the necessity that in a pixel, forms the different units thickness that differs 1 times, thereby make the simplification that to satisfy technology simultaneously, the unified orientation and the increase of numerical aperture.
Other configuration requirements
In order to drive liquid crystal display cells of the present invention, can use any direct drive pattern, simple matrix pattern and active matrix pattern.
In addition, the substrate that is used for liquid crystal display cells can be made of glass or plastics.Under the situation of transmission-type, a pair of substrate all should be optically transparent, but under the situation of reflection-type, can use the supporting substrate of lighttight material as the reflection horizon.In addition, can use deformable material as the substrate that uses.
In addition, under the situation of reflection-type, various reflecting plates are arranged, scatter plate pattern before for example so-called, wherein provide scatter plate in the outside of the liquid crystal layer that uses mirror reflective plate, and so-called directiona diffuseness reflecting plate, wherein adjust the shape of reflecting surface and come provider tropism.In addition, in the present embodiment, the vertical orientation pattern has been described as an example, but except it, liquid crystal display cells can also be applied to any pattern, as long as this pattern is to use the pattern of the variation of optical path difference, for example parallel orientation pattern, HAN pattern formula or ocb mode.
In addition, in the present embodiment, mainly described common black configuration, wherein when not applying voltage, provide black and show as example.This configuration can be by piling up circular polarizing disk and display layer obtains, wherein display board inside direction at substrate surface when not applying voltage does not have birefringence, circular polarizing disk can replace with common linear polarizer to obtain common white configuration, and white demonstration wherein is provided when not applying voltage.
Perhaps, in any of these configuration, can pile up single shaft optical path difference film etc. to obtain when not applying voltage, to provide the configuration of coloured demonstration.In the case, can make and liquid crystal molecule sequence distortion on the direction of the light path residual quantity of the single shaft optical path difference film that piles up obtain black and white the demonstration by applying voltage.
Essence of the present invention is based on the multicolor displaying that the ultimate principle of using color filter to obtain continuous gray-scales in the best green demonstration of human observability obtains to have very high light utilization rate, thereby, make to be used for various patterns, for example the liquid crystal mode such as the STN pattern, selective reflecting pattern and host and guest's pattern (guest host mode) with warped orientation state.
Application in the project except liquid crystal display cells
The ECB effect that has concentrated on liquid crystal is above described the present invention in detail.But basic design of the present invention is to provide color for some pixel, wherein provides color filter to monochrome display mode, uses the display mode that change color can take place for other pixels.Like this, except using being configured to of ECB effect,, can use any display mode for any element that can be used for above-mentioned display mode.
As example, describe below: (1) is by the pattern of the clearance distance of mechanical modulation change interfering layer, and (2) are by moving the pattern that colored particles is switched between showing and not showing.
Pattern (1) has the configuration of describing in the 91st page of SID97 Digest for example, wherein, come in the demonstration of interference color and switching between not showing by the clearance distance that changes with substrate.Here, along with deformable aluminium film externally voltage control down near or leave substrate, between Kai Heguan, switch.In addition, the colour development principle of this moment use to be interfered, thereby, above the description of the colour development of the interference of the ECB by using liquid crystal is set up equally.
Like this, in this clearance distance modulator element, can change optical characteristics such as voltage by the external controllable modulating device, and the modulation range that provides brightness between available high-high brightness of element and minimum brightness, to change by modulating device, and element available a plurality of colors modulation range that can change by modulating device.
For this element, its unit pixel is split into a plurality of sub-pixels, and at least one of a plurality of pixels is by using the modulation range based on change color that colored sub-pixel that shows 1 and the sub-pixel 2 with color filter are provided, thus, with with the liquid crystal cell of describing in detail above in identical mode, the display element that can obtain to have the fabulous characteristic such as very high light service efficiency.
For pattern (2), be fit to use disclose the particle migration display element of describing among the No.11-202804 in early days at for example Japanese patent application.This example is such: by in transparent insulation liquid and substrate surface move painted charged transit particle abreast and come between showing and not showing, to switch, wherein said moving by utilizing electrophoretic characteristic to apply voltage between passive electrode and show electrode realized.
In addition, this can be used to realize using the configuration of two kinds of color particles.Particularly, this pattern can have such configuration, individual unit in this configuration (unit cell) comprises two show electrodes of locating almost overlappedly, and two passive electrodes, two kinds have different charge polarities and color and wherein at least a particle to optical transparency, also comprise the drive unit that can form following state: two kinds of charged particles all concentrate on the state of passive electrode, perhaps particle all is positioned at the state of show electrode, perhaps any particle is positioned at show electrode, another kind of particle set is in the state of passive electrode, perhaps intermediateness.
The combination that the color of two kinds of transit particles in the individual unit is discussed below is for example blue and red configuration.For white demonstration is provided, driver element makes two kinds of particles all concentrate on passive electrode to expose all show electrodes in the case.In addition, under the situation of red or blue independent demonstration, be placed on by a kind of particle that only will expect on the show electrode of individual unit and show monochrome.
For example, under the situation that indigo plant shows, blue particle is placed on the show electrode to form light absorbing zone, and red particle is collected in to be received on the passive electrode.On the other hand, under black situation about showing, all particles are placed on the show electrode to form light absorbing zone, and light is passed in each the red particle that forms on first and second electrodes and the light absorbing zone of blue particle thus, thereby by the mixed black demonstration that provides of losing lustre.Under the situation that medium tone shows, during black the demonstration, have only the part particle to be placed on the show electrode.Therefore, the color of individual unit between can modulated red/blueness, and the modulated luminance of can/black/Neutral colour white transferring by showing.
Therefore, by using such configuration, single pixel is split into single sub-pixel, and at least one of single sub-pixel is by using the modulation range based on change color that colored sub-pixel that shows 1 and the sub-pixel 2 with color filter are provided, thus, with with the liquid crystal cell of describing in detail above in identical mode, the display element that can obtain to have the fabulous characteristic such as very high light service efficiency.For example, in this configuration, simple substrate configuration above in green demonstration, can adopting with the highest observability characteristic, thus make and might obtain exhibit stabilization, gray level display excellent stability and the particle migration display element of multicolor displaying and brightness can be provided especially.
As mentioned above, according to the present invention, obtained such display element: its brightness height can be provided at panchromatic demonstration or desirable panchromatic demonstration, video display without a doubt on the observability meaning.Wherein, particularly, reflective liquid crystal display element, transmission-reflective liquid crystal display element with high reflectance and transflective liquid crystal display element are provided with high-transmission rate.In addition, the present invention not only can be applied to liquid crystal cell, can also be applied to various display modes, and can obtain to compare the display element with very high light utilization efficiency with mixed processing of additive color of widely used use RGB color filter.
In addition, can satisfy demand such as the application of watching digital content for high colorrendering quality.Can obtain bright colored the demonstration by the bright monochromatic electronic paper technology that obtains that shows for various.
Example
Below usage example is specifically described the present invention.
The mutual component configuration
Following arrangements of components is as the mutual component configuration of using in example.
Structure as liquid crystal layer, use is similar to the substrate configuration of the configuration shown in Fig. 3 as it, two glass substrates of handling through vertical orientation are mounted in the unit, injected liquid crystal material with negative permittivity anisotropy Δ ε (model name: MLC-6608 is produced by Merck company limited) therein as liquid crystal material.In addition, at this moment, depend on example, element thickness is changed so that the optical path difference optimum.
As employed substrate, use the active-matrix substrate of placing TFT on it for a substrate, use the substrate of having placed color filter on it for another substrate.At this moment, pixel form and color filter arrangement depend on concrete example and change.
The aluminium electrode is as the configuration of the pixel electrode on TFT one side with the cremasteric reflex type.In addition, at this moment, depend on example, also use such transmission-reflecting configuration: this configuration has been used in combination transmissive pixels, and the pixel electrode of TFT side is used the ITO electrode.
Between upper substrate (filter substrate) and polaroid, place wide band lambda/4 plates (in visible-range, almost can satisfy the phase compensator of 1/4 wavelength condition).This has produced common black configuration, wherein has dark state when not applying voltage during utilizing reflection-type to show, has bright state when applying voltage.
Comparative examples
For relatively, use ECB type active matrix liquid crystal display panel with 12 inches diagonal line and 600 * 800 pixels.Pixel pitch is approximately 300 μ m.Each pixel is cut apart by three the tunnel, and divided pixel is equipped with redness, green and blue color filter respectively.Liquid crystal layer is adjusted to the thickness with 3 microns, make applying ± centre wavelength of reflective spectral property is 550nm during 5V voltage, and the light path residual quantity is 138nm.
Cellular construction is identical with the cellular construction shown in Fig. 3. Electrode 4 and 6 surface-coated have vertical orientation film (not shown), and for liquid crystal molecule absorption axes with respect to polaroid 1 when applying voltage tilts along 45 ° of directions, give vertical orientation film in above-mentioned direction from the about 1 ° pre-tilt of normal substrate.Upper substrate 3 and infrabasal plate 7 combine the formation unit, injected liquid crystal material (model name: MLC-6608 therein with negative permittivity anisotropy Δ ε, produce by Merck company limited) as liquid crystal material, the result, when not applying voltage, liquid crystal 5 is vertically oriented on substrate surface.
For this liquid crystal display cells, change voltage in every way with display image, the result obtains thus, can provide panchromatic demonstration, but reflectivity to be 16% based on the continuous gray-scales color that applies voltage for the RGB image.
Example 1
As active-matrix substrate, use identical with active-matrix substrate in the comparative examples have 12 inches the diagonal line and the active-matrix substrate of 600 * 800 pixels.
Each pixel is split into 3 sub-pixels, only to green use color filter, does not provide color filter in all the other two sub-pixels and keeps transparent, makes and uses the colour based on optical path difference to show.In addition, for area classification (face gray scale, area gray scale, area gradation), the area ratio of all the other two pixels is 2: 1.
Because reflection type, the value of the optical path difference of liquid crystal layer is half of the value shown in Fig. 1.For red demonstration being provided and blue showing that the unit is adjusted to the thickness with 5 microns, make applying ± the light path residual quantity of transparent pixels is 300nm during 5V voltage.Identical in the situation of green pixel and the comparative examples.
If come display image for this liquid crystal display by changing voltage, then show transmission change, thereby obtained the Continuous Gray Scale level characteristics for pixel with green color filter according to the magnitude of voltage that is applied.
Do not have the pixel of green color filter for other, when applying 5V voltage, provide blue and show, when applying 3.8V voltage, provide red demonstration, thereby the LCD panel of this example provides trichromatic demonstration.In addition, it shows continuous gray-scales according to the amplitude that applies voltage in being equal to or less than the voltage range of 3V.
In addition, for red and blue, can obtain area classification (face gray scale, area gray scale, area gradation) by changing the sub-pixel that will be shown.But the number of gray level has only four gray levels, thereby when showing natural image, image has slight particle.
In addition, the reflectivity of this element is 33%, and this equals the twice of the reflectivity in the comparative examples, thereby very bright white demonstration is provided.
Example 2
Have 600 * 800 pixels respectively and have 7 inches cornerwise substrates respectively and be used as active-matrix substrate to make the ECB type liquid crystal display cells have the subpixel configuration identical respectively with subpixel configuration in the example 1 with 3.5 inches.Pixel pitch with 7 inches cornerwise substrates is approximately 180 μ m, and the pixel pitch with 3 inches cornerwise substrates is approximately 90 μ m.
In the case, the same with example 1, the characteristic that can obtain for color display capabilities.Pixel pitch in this example is quite little, and the fineness grade raising, thereby even make the possible natural image that shows, also can show agranular continuous gray-scales when naked eyes are watched.
The reflectivity of this element is 33%, thereby compares the white demonstration that provides very bright with comparative examples.
Example 3
Use the substrate identical, and use dot structure to replace transparent pixels with the color filter (model name: CM-S571, by Fuji Film Arch Co., Ltd produces) that shows transmitted spectrum characteristic shown in Figure 5 with the substrate of example 2.
If use coloring phenomenon based on the ECB effect, problem to the distinctive low-purity of optical path difference color has then appearred, if but being used in combination on color color filter with green complementation, the afterbody of then red and blue chromatogram can be cut off, thereby has improved colour purity.When being equipped with on color pixel with the color filter of this element of green complementation to apply voltage, as in the situation of example 1, blue demonstration is provided when applying 5V voltage, red demonstration is provided when applying 3.8V voltage, thereby has thought that the liquid crystal panel of this example can provide trichromatic demonstration.
In being equal to or less than the voltage range of 3V, can provide the demonstration of the continuous gray-scales of magenta according to the amplitude that applies voltage.In addition, as the situation of example 2,, also can show agranular continuous gray-scales when naked eyes are watched even show natural image.
In addition, the reflectivity of this element is 28%, compares lowly slightly with example 2, but anyway provides quite bright white demonstration with respect to comparative examples.Show for the colour in this example, compare on chromaticity coordinate the color reproduction scope with example 2 and widened greatly.
Example 4
Use has the liquid crystal cells of the configuration identical with the configuration of example 2 except element thickness.At this moment, use mask friction (mask-rubbing) to change the pre-tilt angle, form two alignment regions, and to transparent pixels and green pixel, element thickness all is set to 5 microns with different guides directions.
At this moment, for display quality, as the situation of example 3, can obtain high brightness and show and level and smooth gray level characteristic.In addition, obtained wide viewing angle characteristics.But,, when dynamic image is provided, significantly show smear as can be seen so response speed reduces because the gap of green pixel increases.Thereby be appreciated that if the element thickness of green pixel that make to use color filter less than the gap of the pixel of using optical path difference, then the dynamic image display characteristic improves.
Example 5
The glass substrate that uses the no reflection events plate is prepared the active-matrix substrate identical with the active-matrix substrate of Fig. 1 to make LCD panel as lower plate.
For electrode, provide the aluminium electrode to the odd number line of 600 lines (sweep trace), three sub-pixels are combined into a sub-pixel with green color filter and do not have two sub-pixels of color filter, and the area ratio that does not have two sub-pixels of color filter is 1: 2.
On the other hand, the dual numbers line provides the transparency electrode of ITO, and three sub-pixels have area identical.In addition, three sub-pixels are equipped with red/green/blue color filter.The overview of this pixel arrangement is shown in Fig. 8.In the figure, the reflective-mode pixel of label 84 to 86 expression odd lines, the transmission mode pixel of label 81 to 83 expression even lines, label 87 and 88 is represented source electrode line and gate line respectively, label 89 expressions utilize the switching device of thin film transistor (TFT).In addition, on the back of the body surface of panel, placed polaroid by this way, made the polaroid that is placed on the upper plate have the relation of quadrature Niccol lens, be provided with backlight and unlatching with the lip-deep polaroid of the back of the body that is placed on panel.
If display image on panel with such configuration, then the characteristic of the reflective-mode shown in the above-mentioned example can be identical with the display quality of display quality and normal liquid crystal panel the characteristic compatibility of transmission mode.That is,, then can obtain such transmission-reflective liquid crystal display unit, wherein have the reflective-mode of high reflectance and have the transmission mode compatibility of good color reproduction if all pixels have identical element thickness.
Example 6
Use the similar substrate of substrate with example 5, formation has the liquid crystal display of the configuration identical with the configuration of example 5, but the color filter with the magenta that is shown in the spectral characteristic among Fig. 5 is placed on two pixels that do not have color filter, wherein, the area ratio of the area of a pixel and one other pixel is 1: 2 among Fig. 5.Like this, obtained such transmission-reflective liquid crystal display element, wherein, the colour purity of red and blue optical path difference has also improved in reflective-mode, and the color reproduction range widens.
Example 7
Use the substrate identical as active-matrix substrate with the substrate of above-mentioned comparative example.Utilize four pixels as one group of demonstration that 600 * 800 pixels are provided in this example, and in comparative examples, utilize three pixels as one group of demonstration that 600 * 800 pixels (SVGA) is provided.
Color filter only is used for green, and its excess-three sub-pixel keeps transparent, makes and uses the colour based on optical path difference to show for sub-pixel.In addition, these three pixels for remaining, for area classification (face gray scale, area gray scale, area gradation), the area ratio was set to 1: 2: 4.
For the optical path difference of liquid crystal layer, the unit is adjusted to the thickness with 5 microns, make applying ± the light path residual quantity of transparent pixels is 300nm during 5V voltage, so that red demonstration and blue the demonstration to be provided.The situation of green pixel is identical with example 1.
If by changing the voltage display image, then show transmission change, thereby obtained fabulous Continuous Gray Scale level characteristics for pixel with green color filter according to the magnitude of voltage that is applied for this liquid crystal display cells.
On the other hand, do not have the pixel of green color filter, when applying 5V voltage, provide blue and show, and red demonstration is provided when applying 3.8V voltage, thereby think that the LCD panel of this example can provide trichromatic demonstration for other.In addition, in being equal to or less than the voltage range of 3V, brightness (gray level) is continuously changed according to the amplitude that applies voltage.
For red and blue, can obtain area classification (face gray scale, area gray scale, area gradation) by changing the sub-pixel that will be shown.In addition, in red and basket, eight gray levels are arranged, so think that the graininess of comparing demonstration with comparative examples is alleviated considerably.In addition, the transmissivity of this element is 33%, and this equals the twice of the reflectivity in the comparative examples, thereby very bright white demonstration is provided.
Example 8
The element of usage example 7 is estimated.At this moment, the voltage that is applied to other pixels with green color filter is continuously changed from 3V to 5V.As a result, can distinguish from yellow (approximately 3.2V) to orange (approximately 3.6V) to red (approximately 3.8V) to purple (4.0V) to purple (4.4V) to royal purple (4.6V) to the continuous variation of the color of indigo plant (5.0V).In addition, under the voltage applying condition of the demonstration that is used to provide each color, the sub-pixel by appropriate change shows makes various demonstration looks all have 8 gray levels.
Example 9
Use has the liquid crystal display cells of the configuration identical with the configuration of example 7 except color filter.At this moment, use have with example 3 in the similar magenta color filter of color filter (model name: CM-S571, by Fuji Film Arch Co., Ltd produces) used as the dot structure of color filter, replace the transparent pixels in the example 7.For the magenta color filter pixel, for area classification (face gray scale, area gray scale), the area ratio was set to 1: 2: 4.
In the case,, when applying 5V voltage, provide blue demonstration, when applying 3.8V voltage, provide red demonstration, thereby the liquid crystal panel of this example provides trichromatic demonstration as in the situation of example 3.In being equal to or less than the voltage range of 3V, can provide Continuous Gray Scale demonstration according to the magenta of the amplitude that applies voltage.That is,, all be shown at any demonstration look on the arrow mark on the RB plane as describing according to Figure 14.
Example 10
Use the substrate identical as active-matrix substrate, but utilize six sub-pixels in this example, and utilize four pixels as one group of demonstration that 600 * 600 pixels are provided as one group of demonstration that 600 * 400 pixels are provided with the substrate of example 7.
For four sub-pixels in six sub-pixels, a sub-pixel is equipped with green color filter, and in addition three sub-pixels are equipped with on color the magenta color filter with green complementation, and the area ratio of three sub-pixels in back was set to 1: 2: 4.All the other two sub-pixels are equipped with redness and blue color filter respectively.The area of the pixel of the minimum in the area of red and blue color filter and three magenta color filter equates.Make adjustment make green pixel equal six sub-pixels the total area 1/3rd.
Pixel arrangement in the case is shown in Figure 20.In the figure, label 202 expression green color filter pixels, label 201,203 and 204 is the presentation surface integration magenta color filter pixel of cutting respectively, label 205 expression red color filter pixels, label 206 expression blue color filter pixels.
By using this configuration, obtained the continuous gray-scales of the magenta in being equal to or less than the voltage range of 3V, by having obtained red and blue eight gray levels, also obtained the red and blue continuous gray-scales of interpolation gray level in conjunction with cutting apart based on the coloring phenomenon of ECB effect and area.By making up these gray levels, can fill whole RB plane.In addition, by these gray levels and green continuous gray-scales are shown combination, can obtain desirable panchromatic demonstration.
Reflectivity is 25%, compares lowly slightly with example 8, can obtain very bright white demonstration but compare with comparative examples.And in the colour of this example showed, because the effect of magenta color filter is compared with example 2, the colorrendering quality on the chromaticity coordinate was widened greatly.
Example 11
Use the substrate identical as active-matrix substrate with the substrate of example 7, but utilize eight sub-pixels in this example as one group of demonstration that 450 * 400 pixels are provided, and in example 10, utilize six pixels as one group of demonstration that 600 * 400 pixels are provided.
Three sub-pixels in eight sub-pixels are equipped with green, redness and blue color filter respectively.Use on color magenta color filter with green complementation for all the other five sub-pixels, and the area ratio was set to 1: 2: 4: 8: 16.Area red and blue color filter equates with the area of the pixel of the minimum of five magenta color filter.Make adjustment make green pixel equal eight sub-pixels the total area 1/3rd.
By using this configuration, obtained the continuous gray-scales of the magenta in being equal to or less than the voltage range of 3V, by having obtained red and blue 32 gray levels, also obtained the red and blue continuous gray-scales of interpolation gray level in conjunction with cutting apart based on the coloring phenomenon of ECB effect and area.By making up these gray levels, can fill whole RB plane.In addition, by these gray levels and green continuous gray-scales are shown combination, can obtain desirable panchromatic demonstration.
Reflectivity is 27%, compares lowly slightly with example 8, can obtain very bright white demonstration but compare with example 11.And by reducing the area of red and blue color filter relatively, the optical loss of these color filters can be minimized.
Example 12
As active-matrix substrate,, utilize six sub-pixels as one group of demonstration that 600 * 400 pixels are provided in the mode identical with above-mentioned example 10.
For one of these six sub-pixels, use green color filter, four sub-pixels are used on color magenta color filter with green complementation, the area ratio of these four sub-pixels is 1: 2: 4: 8.Remaining sub-pixel is equipped with red color filter.The area of red color filter equates with the area of the pixel of the minimum of four magenta color filter.Make adjustment make the area of green pixel equal six sub-pixels the total area 1/3rd.
Pixel arrangement in the case is shown in Figure 21.In the figure, label 212 expression green color filter pixels, label 211,213,214 and 215 is the presentation surface integration magenta color filter pixel of cutting respectively, label 216 expression red color filter pixels.
By using this configuration, obtained the continuous gray-scales of the magenta in being equal to or less than the voltage range of 3V, by having obtained red and blue 16 gray levels, also obtained the red continuous gray-scales of interpolation gray level in conjunction with cutting apart based on the coloring phenomenon of ECB effect and area.By making up these gray levels, embodiment almost can fill whole RB plane as described, although partly there is defective in the plane.In addition, by these gray levels and green continuous gray-scales are shown combination, almost can obtain the reproduction of desirable natural image, although partly there is uncontinuity.
Reflectivity is 27%, compares lowly slightly with example 7, can obtain very bright white demonstration but compare with comparative examples.And in the colour of this example showed, because the effect of magenta color filter is compared with example 2, the colorrendering quality on the chromaticity coordinate was widened greatly.
Example 13
If the element of usage example 12 also uses the method for having described at Figure 15, then the black reference position of Xian Shiing is shifted, and contrast reduces a little, has still obtained the white reflection rate that equates with the white reflection rate of example 12, and panchromatic demonstration can be provided.
Example 14
Use the substrate identical as active-matrix substrate with the substrate of example 7.Utilize nine sub-pixels as one group of demonstration that 400 * 400 pixels are provided in this example, make the configuration that obtains with aforementioned Figure 18 similarly dispose, and in example 11, utilize six pixels as one group of demonstration that 600 * 400 pixels are provided.The element thickness of all pixels is 5 microns in the case.Six pixels to nine pixels are used aluminium reflection electrode, and pixel arrangement is identical with the pixel arrangement of example 10.The optical clear pixel that its excess-three pixel is is all used the ITO electrode for upper substrate and infrabasal plate.
On the back of the body surface of panel, placed polaroid, made the polaroid that is placed on the upper substrate have the relation of quadrature Niccol lens, be provided with backlight and unlatching with the lip-deep polaroid of the back of the body that is placed on panel.
If the voltage that each pixel is applied expectation is with display image on the display board with such configuration independently, then the characteristic of the reflective-mode shown in the above-mentioned example can be identical with the display quality of display quality and common liquid crystals display board the characteristic compatibility of transmission mode.
Therefore, even all pixels have identical element thickness, the use of this configuration also can obtain such transmission-reflective liquid crystal display unit: wherein have the panchromatic reflective-mode of high reflectance and have the transmission mode compatibility of good color reproduction.
Example 15
The element of usage example 14 is estimated.At this moment, identical voltage is applied to the pixel 181 described the front and 189 and pixel 183 and 188 in Figure 18.At this moment, suppose that the condition that is suitable for the image information voltage application that reflection-type shows most is C (R), and the condition that is suitable for the image information voltage application that transmission-type shows most is C (T), image made an appraisal in the occasion of varying environment illumination.At first, when being combined in details in a play not acted out on stage, but told through dialogues when opening under the situation backlight display image, can not obtaining the image that will be shown down in condition C (R) originally, and under condition C (T), show desired images.
If details in a play not acted out on stage, but told through dialogues close do not open backlight, then under any condition, to such an extent as to image all so secretly can not be made an appraisal, if open display image under the situation backlight but run jointly at outdoor bright field, then under condition C (R), shown desired images, even under condition C (T),, almost shown desired images although feel slight incompatible sensation.
Under opening situation backlight, when outdoor bright field closes display image, under condition C (R), do not shown desired images, even under condition C (T),, almost shown desired images although feel slight incompatible sensation.
From top up to, usually, down can display image when opening when backlight at voltage applying condition C (T), down can display image when not opening when backlight at voltage applying condition C (R), although feel slight incompatible sensation.In addition because bright field close do not open usually backlight, so be appreciated that as long as bright field close do not open backlight, just can be in each situation acquisition desired images.
Therefore, in addition, if to pixel 181 with 189 and pixel 183 and 188 apply identical voltage, then can obtain in fact enough characteristics, thereby, be appreciated that the number of TFT required in this configuration can be reduced to 7 of each pixels from 9 of each pixels.
As mentioned above, can obtain reflections of high brightness liquid crystal display cells and transmission-reflective liquid crystal display element according to this example.In addition, in this example, for concentrated direct-view reflective liquid crystal display element and the direct-view transmission-reflective liquid crystal display element described of the present invention, but this also goes for the liquid crystal display cells such as direct-view transflective liquid crystal display element and projection liquid crystal display element, and the view finder that uses the expansion optical system.
In addition, TFT is used as driving substrate in this example, but can certainly use other substrate configuration, such as using MIM to substitute, the on-off element that use forms on semiconductor substrate, and can use other driving method, drive and the driving of plasma matrix addressing such as simple matrix.
In addition, in this example, concentrate for the present invention and to have described the vertical orientation pattern, but liquid crystal display cells can also be applied to use any pattern by the variation that applies the optical path difference that voltage produces, for example parallel orientation pattern, HAN pattern formula or ocb mode.In addition, the present invention can be applied to having the liquid crystal mode of warped orientation pattern, for example the STN pattern.
In addition,, substitute liquid crystal cell, also can obtain effect with the effect equivalence of this example based on the ECB effect even use the pattern that changes clearance distance (just as thickness) by mechanical modulation as the air of the medium of interfering layer.In addition, even use based on the particle migration display element by applying the configuration of describing among voltage shift action the embodiment, also can obtain effect with the effect equivalence of this embodiment as display device as a plurality of particles of medium.
Perhaps, the present invention can be applied to so-called electro phoretic display device, and wherein charged colour particles is dispersed in the liquid and under electric field action and moves.
When applying the present invention to such electro phoretic display device, by applying the feasible a plurality of particles migrations of voltage as medium.
Having used electrophoresis equipment of the present invention is such structure: at first sub-pixel with have on second sub-pixel of color filter electrophoresis liquid is set, wherein, be arranged in the electrophoresis liquid on first sub-pixel, at least two kinds show different particles migration attributes and painted particle is dispersed in the iknsulating liquid, have spread one or more in the electrophoresis liquid that is arranged in second sub-pixel and have planted particles.
In first sub-pixel, be provided with two show electrodes and two passive electrodes.The position of show electrode makes sees that from the direction of observer's eyes they almost overlap each other.Passive electrode is opaque and is positioned at the position that the observer can't see.Two show electrodes all are transparent, and perhaps in them is reflexive, and the eyes that the particle on it can the observed person identify.
Two kinds of particles show particle migrate attribute and the color that differs from one another, and wherein at least a particle is the light transmissive.Preferably, electrophoresis liquid has positively charged and negative electricity respectively and is dispersed in red particle and black track producing particle in the liquid.
Color modulation scope of the present invention is made of following state: all two kinds of charged particles all concentrate on the state of passive electrode or show electrode, perhaps any particle is positioned at show electrode, another kind of particle set is in the state of passive electrode, the perhaps intermediateness between them.
By using particle to reflect or absorb, second sub-pixel changes the amount of reflected light or transmitted light.Light passes color filter during transmission or reflection.Preferred example is such display device, and wherein black track producing particle is dispersed in the liquid, and forms opaque passive electrode and transparent display electrode in pixel.Intensification modulation scope of the present invention comprises is diffused on the show electrode to absorb the state of exterior light particle, make particle set at passive electrode so that the state of their transmissions or reflection exterior light, and the intermediateness of preceding two states.

Claims (29)

1. a use has the color display element by the medium of its optical characteristics of external modulation device modulates,
It is characterized in that described medium has one and changed the intensification modulation scope of brightness and changed the color modulation scope of color by described modulating device by described modulating device,
Described color display element has unit pixel, and this unit pixel is by comprising that first sub-pixel and a plurality of sub-pixels with second sub-pixel of color filter form, and
Described modulating device carries out modulation in the described color modulation scope to described first sub-pixel, to show the color in the described color modulation scope, and described second sub-pixel is carried out modulation in the described intensification modulation scope with the color of the described color filter of display brightness in described intensification modulation scope, provide colored thus and show.
2. color display element as claimed in claim 1, wherein said second sub-pixel has green color filter.
3. color display element as claimed in claim 1, the modulation range of wherein said first sub-pixel is made up of coloured described color modulation scope.
4. color display element as claimed in claim 3, the modulation range of wherein said first sub-pixel comprise the Neutral colour between redness and blueness and redness and the blueness.
5. color display element as claimed in claim 1, wherein said modulating device are also carried out modulation in the described intensification modulation scope to described first sub-pixel.
6. color display element as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first sub-pixel is made up of the sub-pixel with different area, and utilizes the zone of the sub-pixel that shows color to show shadow tone.
7. color display element as claimed in claim 1, wherein said second sub-pixel has at least one green color filter, and described first sub-pixel has the color filter with described green complementary color.
8. color display element as claimed in claim 7, wherein said modulating device are also carried out modulation in the described intensification modulation scope to described first sub-pixel.
9. color display element as claimed in claim 8, wherein said second sub-pixel is made up of a plurality of sub-pixels, and one of described a plurality of sub-pixels have green color filter, and other sub-pixels have the color filter of one of red at least and blueness.
10. color display element as claimed in claim 9, wherein said first sub-pixel is made up of the sub-pixel with different area, and utilizes the zone of the sub-pixel that shows color to show shadow tone.
11. color display element as claimed in claim 10, wherein said area with sub-pixel of one of at least red and blue color filter are substantially equal to or less than the area of the sub-pixel of the minimum in the sub-pixel of forming described first sub-pixel.
12. color display element as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that on substrate, placing at least a plurality of metal films, described color display element has by the ability of modulation gap apart from the tone that changes interference color, described clearance distance is the thickness as the air of the medium of described metal film and described substrate, and at least one of described a plurality of sub-pixels is made up of second sub-pixel that can provide colored first sub-pixel that shows based on the change in color according to the variation of the interference color that are associated with the variation of clearance distance and have a color-filter layer.
13. color display element as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that moving a plurality of particles as medium by applying voltage, and
At least one of described a plurality of sub-pixels is by comprising that at least two drive electrodes and at least two kinds have first sub-pixels of the particle of different mutually particle migrate attributes and color, and second sub-pixel with color-filter layer.
14. color display element as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that described first sub-pixel comprises two so show electrodes of location: when the observer watches one almost overlapping with another, described first sub-pixel comprises that also two passive electrodes have the different mutually particle migrate attributes and the particle of color with two kinds, at least a light that allows in described two kinds of particles passes through, described first sub-pixel also comprises the drive unit that can form following state: two kinds of particles all concentrate on the described passive electrode or all are positioned at state on the described show electrode, perhaps a kind of particle is positioned at described show electrode, the state of another kind of particle set on described passive electrode, perhaps intermediateness.
15. color display element as claimed in claim 14, the color combinations that it is characterized in that the described two kinds of particles in described first sub-pixel is the combination of Lan Hehong.
16. color display element as claimed in claim 14, the color that wherein is used for the particle of described second sub-pixel is black.
17. a color liquid crystal display device, its use have can be by applying the liquid crystal layer of the optical characteristics that voltage changes,
It is characterized in that described color display element comprises at least one polaroid, the a pair of substrate that is equipped with electrode and locatees with facing with each other, and be placed on liquid crystal layer between the described substrate, and has the ability that the optical path difference of utilizing described liquid crystal layer is modulated into incident polarized light the polarization state of expectation
The unit pixel of described color display element is made up of a plurality of sub-pixels, and
Described a plurality of sub-pixel comprises first sub-pixel and second sub-pixel, described first sub-pixel changes the optical path difference of described liquid crystal layer with Show Color by applying voltage, described second sub-pixel has color filter, and changes optical path difference to show the color of described color filter in achromaticity regional luminance modulation range by voltage.
18. color liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 17, the liquid crystal molecule of wherein said liquid crystal when not applying voltage with respect to described substrate vertical orientation almost, when applying voltage from described almost vertical directional inclination, to change described optical path difference.
19. color liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 17, wherein said liquid crystal molecule by voltage application in curved oriented and almost change in the scope of vertical orientation directed, to change optical path difference.
20. color liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that the element thickness d in described first sub-pixel 1With the element thickness d in described second sub-pixel 2Satisfy following relation: d 1＞d 2
21. color liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 17, wherein said first sub-pixel and second sub-pixel have the light reflecting device that is used to form the reflective display region territory, and described unit pixel also comprises the transmission viewing area of being made up of the 3rd sub-pixel, to small part from the light on described back of the body surface by described transmission viewing area.
22. color liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 21, wherein said the 3rd sub-pixel is split into three sub-pixels that are equipped with redness, green and blue color filter respectively.
23. color liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 22, wherein said the 3rd sub-pixel utilize voltage to change optical path difference to show the color of each color filter in the achromaticity zone.
24. one kind is used color display element that the colored method that shows is provided:
It is characterized in that using having with the color modulation scope of external modulation device modulates color and the medium formation color display element of using the intensification modulation scope of described modulating device modulated luminance,
The unit pixel of described color display element is split into first sub-pixel and has second sub-pixel of color filter, and
Make described first sub-pixel show color in the described color modulation scope, and described second sub-pixel is shown with the brightness in the described intensification modulation scope provide the color of described color filter colored thus and show.
25. method as claimed in claim 24, wherein said sub-pixel has green color filter.
26. method as claimed in claim 24 is wherein used color display apparatus, has at least one green color filter at second sub-pixel described in the described color display apparatus, and described first sub-pixel has the color filter with described green complementary color; Described second sub-pixel is carried out modulation in the described intensification modulation scope to change the brightness of described green; Described first sub-pixel is carried out modulation in the described color modulation scope with display color; And carry out the interior modulation of described intensification modulation scope with the brightness of change with the color of green complementation.
27. method as claimed in claim 26, wherein said first sub-pixel is split into a plurality ofly has the sub-pixel of different area so that described sub-pixel shows described colour, and make other sub-pixels change the demonstration of brightness, show shadow tone thus with green complementary described color.
28. method as claimed in claim 27, wherein said second sub-pixel is split into a plurality of sub-pixels, one of described a plurality of sub-pixels are equipped with green color filter, other sub-pixels are equipped with the color filter of one of red at least and blueness, each described second sub-pixel is carried out modulation in the described intensification modulation scope to cause the variation of brightness, show continuously thus described green and with the shadow tone of green complementary described color.
29. method as claimed in claim 28, wherein carry out described modulation so that the maximum brightness of described sub-pixel that is equipped with one of at least red and blue color filter no better than by the brightness of the minimum sub-pixel demonstration in the sub-pixel of forming described first sub-pixel.
CNB2003801024662A 2002-11-06 2003-11-06 Color display element, method for driving color display element, and display apparatus having color display element Expired - Fee Related CN100520871C (en)

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