CN1708461A - Germanium-free silicate waveguide composition for enhanced-L-band and S-band emission and method for its manufacture - Google Patents
Germanium-free silicate waveguide composition for enhanced-L-band and S-band emission and method for its manufacture Download PDFInfo
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- CN1708461A CN1708461A CNA028263944A CN02826394A CN1708461A CN 1708461 A CN1708461 A CN 1708461A CN A028263944 A CNA028263944 A CN A028263944A CN 02826394 A CN02826394 A CN 02826394A CN 1708461 A CN1708461 A CN 1708461A
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
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- C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
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- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
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- C03B2201/08—Doped silica-based glasses doped with boron or fluorine or other refractive index decreasing dopant
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- C03B2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi
- C03B2201/34—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi doped with rare earth metals, i.e. with Sc, Y or lanthanides, e.g. for laser-amplifiers
- C03B2201/36—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi doped with rare earth metals, i.e. with Sc, Y or lanthanides, e.g. for laser-amplifiers doped with rare earth metals and aluminium, e.g. Er-Al co-doped
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- C03C2201/00—Glass compositions
- C03C2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
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- C03C2201/12—Doped silica-based glasses containing boron or halide containing fluorine
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- C03C2201/00—Glass compositions
- C03C2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
- C03C2201/20—Doped silica-based glasses containing non-metals other than boron or halide
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- C03C2201/00—Glass compositions
- C03C2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
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- C03C2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses containing metals
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- C03C2201/36—Doped silica-based glasses containing metals containing rare earth metals containing rare earth metals and aluminium, e.g. Er-Al co-doped
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
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- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
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- H01S3/06775—S-band amplifiers, i.e. amplification in the range of about 1450 nm to 1530 nm
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- H01S3/1601—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion
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Abstract
The invention relates to a liquid-metal ion source comprising an electro-conductive housing which is preferably made of metal and provided with a hollow space for liquid or fusable metal, preferably indium, or a metal alloy. The hollow space is connected to a capillary passage which extends through an emission body protruding from the wall of a housing. According to said invention, the capillary passage has a circular cross section whose diameter (rc) ranges from 1 to 100m, preferably from 3 to 10m, at the level of the opening thereof in the emission body.
Description
Background of invention
The present invention relates to comprise the waveguide of no germanium chemical composition, can increase the service life, strengthen emission.
Based on the high speed optical telecommunication of optic network, can utilize the extremely a large amount of information of optical signal transmission.Because these optical signals will transmit very long distance, perhaps owing to the reasons such as coupling, operation or guiding of optics, loss appears in strength of signal.Signal attenuation can cause by many factors, for example the absorbed inside of Transmission Fibers and scattering, coupling loss and bending loses.After the signal weaker, signal just is difficult to propagate and resolve.At last, a little less than signal might become too, to such an extent as to loss of information totally.
It is the technology of amplifying or strengthen optical signal that optics amplifies, and it is the important component part of high speed optical communication now.
Light amplification is generally undertaken by device (amplifier), and this device comprises pump laser, wavelength division multiplexer, shield retaining, gain shaping grid and the adulterated optical fiber of active rare earth.The present service band of optic network and optical amplifier is～1530-1570nm promptly so-called C-band.Wave band may be defined as certain wavelength region, i.e. the operating wavelength range that can handle in this scope of optical signalling.A lot of available band change into more available channel usually.Channel is many more, and the information of transmission is many more.
Each wave band is with an alphabetic flag.The wave band that the application adopts is labeled as:
| Wave band | Wavelength region |
| ??C- | ??～1530-～1570nm |
| ??L- | ??1570-～1605nm |
| Extend L- | ??1570-～1630+nm |
| ??S- | ??1450-1530nm |
At present, high speed internet maincenter fiber optic network relies on the every about 40-100km of image intensifer to strengthen optical signal once.Up-to-date business system relies on the channel of high-density wavelength-division multiplex technique (DWDM) at～80 10Gb/s of narrow wave band (for example C-band) transmission.Channel spacing can be～0.4nm.Can insert forward direction and back in these channels to transmission signal (front and back are to interchannel interval 0.4nm), the speed with this bps of number in simple optical fiber provides the two-way signaling transmission.
Recently, along with the appearance of L-band amplifier, people have utilized C-band and L-band amplifier that the working optical transmission wavelength region is expanded to 1530-1605nm from 1530-1560nm, and these two kinds of amplifiers can provide nearly 160 channels/root optical fiber.But people still wish to have wideer service band strongly, so that increase information flow-rate.Usually, the excited state absorption in the Er-doped fiber operation wavelength is limited in～the maximum wavelength scope of 1605nm in.For optical fiber based on silicate because decay is very serious, service band in theory also is limited in～the 1650nm scope in, this decay is that the multi-phonon during greater than 1650nm absorbs and causes by wavelength.At present, owing to there is the loss of big degree of curvature, the operation wavelength physical constraints in the fibre system is at～1630nm.
System in the future might adopt the wavelength region of 1450-1630nm, and it comprises so-called S-band.Studies show that the information transmission capacity of employing S-band is about the twice of present two-stage C+L band system.In the laboratory, the someone adopts the C+L+S band configuration that the transmission capacity of simple optical fiber is brought up to～10.5Tb/s.
In the 1450-1630nm zone, have three kinds of approach to realize that optics amplifies usually: Raman amplifies, utilizes the amplification of rare earth doped fiber amplifier, the comprehensively amplification of these two kinds of elements.
Raman Fiber Amplifier
Raman amplifier relies on input photon and lattice vibration (phonon) to make the pumping light shift to longer wavelength (Stokes skew).Amplify spectrum than broad, but occur unwanted spike sometimes.This process efficiency is not high, the pumping source that required power is higher.This high power pumps comprises optical fiber laser or a series of laser diode, and they are quite expensive.The relation of this process and incident intensity is non-linear.Because the high input intensity of this process need, it can cause other unwanted non-linear process, as 4 ripples mix with from demodulation mutually.But raman amplifier can be used for increasing the wavelength span with mixing the rare earth amplifier, to 10Gbit/s with system is all the more so faster.
The rare earth doped fiber amplifier
Mix the rare earth amplifier and rely on optical pump to send out electronics in the rare earth ion, be returned in the process of low-energy state luminous at excited ion subsequently.The relaxation of excited electron is undertaken by two radiative processes: spontaneous emission and stimulated emission.The former can cause noise, and the latter then provides amplification.The key parameter of amplifier is spectrum width, noise and effciency of energy transfer (PCE).Latter two parameter is relevant with the lifetime of excited state of rare earth ion: the life-span is long more, and noise is low more, and PCE is high more.Wavelength width in the C-band optical fiber has determined what channels C-band has to amplify simultaneously, and is relevant with the half maximum value overall with (FWH M) of the spontaneous emmission spectrum of mixing rare earth glass.
The glass core body wherein that commercial amplifier mainly is based on optical fiber contains er-doped silicate, and this er-doped silicate comprises aluminium and lanthanum (SALE-(silicon, aluminium, lanthanum, erbium)) or aluminium and germanium (SAGE).In this two quasi-traditions optical fiber, the spectral width of SAGE is big slightly, can hold more channel.Rare earth ion solvability in the SALE optical fiber is high slightly, thereby the optical fiber that uses can be lacked.This point helps the chromatic dispersion of polarization mode is reduced to minimum.SALE and SAGE optical fiber amplify at C and L-band usually, but this makes greatly low loss area in the silica transmission fiber, promptly S-band and prolong the L-band district long wavelength's part (＞1610nm) be not used.
In S-band, the general non-silicate glass of mixing thulium that relies on of rare earth doped fiber amplifier.Thulium can provide the emission of broad, and its central position is at～1470nm.The energy level of thulium makes this transition process of the easy quencher of multiphonon process, particularly in high phonon energy hosts such as silicon oxide.Owing to this reason, low phonon energy glass such as heavy metal oxide (for example germanate, tellurite and stibnate), particularly fluoride glass suit as the matrix of thulium as " ZBLAN ".These non-silicate glass are not easy fiberize, are not easy to engage with existing Transmission Fibers, up to the present, also are restricted on commercial applications.
Prolonging L-band, rare earth doped fiber is generally based on heavy metal oxide or fluorochemical.The example of heavy metal oxide glass has the glass based on trioxide and weisspiessglanz.This two classes glass all is difficult to engage, because their fusing points are low, and the refractive index height.
At S-band and prolongation L-band, the researchist has studied a kind of like this optics and has amplified approach, and the core body of its used optical fiber comprises erbium and thulium simultaneously.Not examining korean patent application 10-1998-00460125 mentions core body and comprises SiO
2, P
2O
5, Al
2O
3, GeO
2, Er
2O
3, Tm
2O
3(SPAGET) optical fiber.Er and Tm ion are within the 100-3000ppm scope, and core body can also comprise Yb, Ho, Pr and Tb except that comprising Er and Tm.The document is also mentioned and is contained SiO
2, F, P
2O
5And B
2O
3Covering.
Er-Tm codoped silica optical fibre laser apparatus has been seen in report.This laser apparatus comprises SiO
2-Al
2O
3-GeO
2-Er
2O
3-Tm
2O
3Optical fiber core, when being subjected to the 945-995nm pumping, according to the situation of mirror parameter, fiber lengths, pump speed and pump wavelength in the laser cavity, can obtain emission from Er (～1.55 μ m), Tm (～1.85-1.96 μ m), perhaps obtain this two kinds of emissions simultaneously.There are two kinds of optical fiber to be seen in report.In first kind of optical fiber, Er/Tm concentration is 6000/600ppm.In second kind of optical fiber, this concentration is 1200/6000ppm.Numerical aperture (NAs) is about 0.27 and 0.12 respectively.In these two kinds of optical fiber, the cut-off wavelength of second kind of pattern is about 1.4 μ m.First kind of optical fiber can excite bright dipping (gain), and second kind has.
Reported the light source of a kind of spontaneous emission of amplification (ASE), it comprises Er and Tm, compares with the light source that only contains erbium, and it significantly strengthens in the emission of S-band.This report comprise SiO
2-Al
2O
3-GeO
2-Er
2O
3-Tm
2O
3Optical fiber core (SAGET), and comprise the Er/Tm of two kinds of content.In first kind of optical fiber, Er/Tm concentration is 1200/6000ppm.This concentration is 300/600ppm in second kind of optical fiber.The NA of two kinds of optical fiber is respectively 0.2 and 0-22.In both cases ,～90nm FWHM before the ASE peak between～1460-1550nm.The ASE of second kind of optical fiber is than first kind of high approximately 5dB of optical fiber.
At last, it is reported that the L-band amplifier module comprises two independently fiber types, a kind of erbium doped, another kind is only thulium doped.Two kinds of optical fiber are merged together.Thulium doped fiber can absorb the part light of Er-doped fiber emission, thereby has changed the gain gradient.
Because the requirement to the wide band service is more and more stronger, is badly in need of a kind of so single amplifier, it is compatible with the silicate Transmission Fibers, promptly prolongs L-band between 1570-～1630nm wavelength, has significant gain.Compare with traditional L-band amplifier, prolong the L-band amplifier and can make channel increase by 50% in～1630nm work.Therefore, need a kind of like this optical fiber based on silicate, it can significantly be launched at the prolongation L-band.Simultaneously, also need a kind of and present optical fiber structure compatibility, simultaneously both economical again S-band amplifier.Compare with existing amplifier, suitable fiber amplifier can provide the longer life-span and/or increase emissive porwer at required wave band.
Er-Tm glass series (SAGET and SPAGET) in the document comprises germanium.Contain germanite glass, particularly contain the glass of Tm simultaneously, from blue light or UV-light (UV) the dark phenomenon of light (" doping Tm such as W.S.Brocklesby takes place than the glass that does not contain Ge is easier
3+Silica optical fibre in generation of defects ", Optics Letters, 18 (24), 1993,2105-2107).As everyone knows, mix Tm glass and can send blue light by last switching process.Therefore, people wish to make not germanic glass, mix Er optical fiber with standard and compare, and it can prolong L-band enhancing normalized emission.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to the not preparation of germanic glass composition, also relate at the prolongation L-band and mix the waveguide that Er optical fiber has the higher standard emission than standard.
The method that the present invention makes optical fiber comprises the steps: to provide bottom tube; Deposition high-purity silicon oxide covering in pipe; Deposition comprises silicon oxide and Al, La, Er and Tm oxide compound but not germanic glass core; Remove bottom tube, form prefabrication; With the prefabrication drawing optic fibre.In an illustrative embodiments, the concentration of Er is 15-3000ppm, and the concentration of Al is 0.5-15mol%; The concentration of La is 0.5-2mol%; The concentration of Tm is 150-10000ppm.
In another embodiment, the concentration of Er is 150-1500ppm; The concentration of Al is 4-10mol%; The concentration of Tm is 150-3000ppm.
In some other embodiments, core body can comprise F, and F concentration is less than or equal to 6mol% (negatively charged ion).
In some embodiments, core body can have at least one first district and one second district, and there is a great difference in the ratio and second district of the Er/Tm that first district comprises.But described two zone circular array.
Core body can be used multiple tracks MCVD method, multiple tracks sol-gel method and/or multiple tracks soot deposits, solute doping method and the preparation of multiple tracks densification method.
The L-band amplifier can be with the optical fiber preparation of the present invention preparation, and concrete grammar is that optical fiber is coupled on the pump laser.
The optical waveguide of the not germanic codoped silicate of the present invention comprises core material, and described core material contains the oxide compound of silicon oxide and aluminium, lanthanum, erbium and thulium, and wherein the concentration of erbium is 15-3000ppm; The concentration of Al is 0.5-15mol%; The concentration of La is less than 2mol%; The concentration of Tm is 150-10000ppm.In an embodiment, the concentration of Al is 4-10mol%; The concentration of Tm is 150-3000ppm.Notice that " mol% " is meant cationic molecular fraction, except as otherwise noted.In addition, " ppm " is meant cationic hundred concentration very much, except as otherwise noted.
Core body also can comprise F.In an illustrative embodiments, the concentration of F is less than or equal to 6mol% (negatively charged ion).
Waveguide can be optical fiber, shaping optical fiber or other guide structures.Amplifier of the present invention comprises above-mentioned optical fiber.
An embodiment comprises a core body, and it contains at least two zones, and wherein the ratio of at least one regional contained Er/Tm is with another zone is different at least.These zones can circular array.Core body can be used MCVD method, sol-gel method and/or soot deposits method, solute doping method and the preparation of densification method.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is differential stdn spontaneous emission and the Ers of six different SALET glass of the present invention at 1610nm
3+4I
13/2The graph of a relation of mean lifetime.
Fig. 2 is differential stdn spontaneous emission and the Ers of six different SALET glass of the present invention at 1630nm
3+4I
13/2The graph of a relation of mean lifetime.
Fig. 3 is differential stdn spontaneous emission and the Ers of six different SALET glass of the present invention at 1650nm
3+4I
13/2The graph of a relation of mean lifetime.
Fig. 4 is a kind of cross sectional representation of optical fiber of the present invention.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
Fig. 1 is differential stdn spontaneous emission and the Ers of six different SALET glass of the present invention at 1610nm
3+4I
13/2The graph of a relation of mean lifetime.The spontaneous emissive porwer of 1600nm is compared with the maximum strength at～1.53 μ m places up to-8.8dB, and the spontaneous emissive porwer of 1650nm compares with the maximum strength at～1.53 μ m places up to-14.4dB, and Fig. 2 is differential stdn spontaneous emission and the Ers of six different SALET glass of the present invention at 1630nm
3+4I
13/2The graph of a relation of mean lifetime.Fig. 3 is differential stdn spontaneous emission and the Ers of six different SALET glass of the present invention at 1650nm
3+4I
13/2The graph of a relation of mean lifetime.Numeral is corresponding to the sample number into spectrum among the embodiment 1 among the figure.The square box shaped sign is a SALE glass among the figure, as purchases the company in 3M, St.Paul, the glass of MN.
Fig. 1-3 shows, with standard er-doped SALE glassy phase ratio, can obtain the enhanced normalized emission by SALET glass.The enhanced amplitude dependence is in the actual composition of matrix and the content of thulium.Each figure also shows emissive porwer and have balance between the life-span.The higher SALET composition of Tm content tends in the 1600-1650nm zone higher normalized emission is arranged, and mean lifetime is shorter relatively.The SALET composition that Tm content the is lower SALET more higher than Tm content tends to lower normalized emission in the 1600-1650nm zone, and mean lifetime is longer.
In the life-span of these exemplary SALET glass,, Tm identical with the refractive index SAGET glass identical with Er content much at one.This shows that in several examples, La can replace Ge, and very little to the influence in life-span.The normalized emission of SALET is more greater or lesser than similar SAGET glass, and this depends on that equally matrix is formed and the particular case of Tm content.
Replacing Ge (being that SALET is for SAGET) with La may be extremely important to the working life of extended fiber.Known Ge can cause the dark phenomenon of the light in the silicate glass under blue light or UV light existence condition, and La does not then have this phenomenon.Therefore, long or power is high contains that to eliminate Ge in the Tm device very important in the life-span.
Optical fiber with the SALET glass preparation has above-mentioned advantage.
An embodiment of optical fiber of the present invention has inner cladding, and it comprises Si, O, P, F and boracic not.Boron can improve Ge and the short wavelength be induced the susceptibility that forms optical defect.Because High temperature diffusion, inner cladding contains some boron after containing the prefabrication drawing optic fibre of B in core body.The known Tm of mixing silicate fibers can be launched short wavelength light because of last switching process.Therefore, it is secretly more responsive to optical defect and light that last conversion short wavelength light causes that boron can make the optical fiber that contains Ge-Tm.The optical fiber of boracic has alleviated this effect by providing not in the present invention.
In another embodiment, but Er concentration in the core body of optical fiber or waveguide and Tm concentration independent variation.This makes that the ratio of the Er in difference in the core body or zone and Tm concentration or Er/Tm is different.Er and Tm content can change continuously, perhaps have the Er a plurality of separate areas different with Tm content." zone " is meant the position of volume even as big as determining that glass is formed in the material.Usually, a zone can be greater than about 10000nm
3This design can have longer lifetime of excited state.For example, can reduce Er and the close of Tm contacts, this close contact can cause the interionic energy exchange, and reduce the life-span.
In a specific implementations, there are radial gradient in Er and Tm concentration in waveguide of the present invention or the optical fiber, but each concentration maximum value does not appear on the identical radial distance.This point can be finished by adopting a plurality of core deposition layers, wherein the ratio difference of the Er/Tm of each settled layer.
In another embodiment, the core body of waveguide or optical fiber can be divided into rich Er district and rich Tm district, for example along radially or vertically dividing.This can annular region more by alternating deposit Er and that Tm is more realize.
The foregoing description is equally applicable to sol-gel, MCVD or solute doping method, or their combination.
Another kind of optical fiber of the present invention comprises fluorine in core body, it helps to dissolve rare earth ion, as erbium and thulium, thereby reduces to inducing quenching effect, for example in erbium.
The present invention may be better understood in conjunction with following embodiment.
Embodiment
Exemplary composition 1
Waveguide glass in this illustrative embodiments can be represented with following general formula:
SARE
ARE
B1RE
B2, wherein
S represents silicon oxide, is parent glass, content pact＞75mol%.
A represents aluminum oxide.Though do not want to be subjected to restriction of the present invention, can think that aluminum oxide can play the raising refractive index, increase the deliquescent effect of rare earth ion; In general, improve alumina concentration and can improve normalized emission intensity, particularly between～1600-～1620nm, reduce mean lifetime simultaneously.
RE
ABe to comprise non-emission RE
AThe non-emission rare earth oxide of ionic.This oxide compound works to improve refractive index.The active rare earth ion of rare earth ion available buffer in this oxide compound can be used to regulate active rare earth ion-ionic and interacts.RE
ACationic another effect is that if be used for substituting Ge, it helps to produce the material that is difficult for forming optical defect.
RE
B1Be to comprise active RE
B1The rare earth oxide of ion such as Er.This oxide compound can improve refractive index.This activity RE
B1Positively charged ion is pumping or common pumping separately; Er can be 800,980, the 1480nm pumping.
RE
B2It is the rare earth oxide that comprises active RE ion such as Tm.This oxide compound can improve refractive index.RE
B2Positively charged ion can be total to pumping or resonance excitation; Tm can be 800 or the 1000-1200nm pumping.
F represents fluorine, the effect of landing low refractive index; Promote the dissolving of rare earth ion.
The optical data of bulk sample
Photoluminescence data utilizes fiber pump/collection scheme to obtain.Utilize electrostatic force suitable glass composition pearl to be fixed on the glass optical fiber end of horizontal positioned.An end that pearl is split with the x-y translation device near the optical fiber (pumping optical fiber) of load pump wavelength.Optimize the pearl position, to obtain maximum fluorescence emission, this process is controlled with spectrum analyzer (OSA).Operating under the opticmicroscope of installation and initial alignment observed.By wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) pump laser (being generally 980nm) being coupled to pump coagulates on the optical fiber.Coagulate optical fiber with pump and collect emission light in the 1450-1700nm scope, monitor by OSA.
The following mensuration of normalized emission: the standardized value (unit dB) of standard SALE optical fiber at specific wavelength deducted at the standardized value (dB of unit) of this wavelength from experiment glass.SALE optical fiber is standard er-doped amplifying fiber, as purchases the company in 3M, St.Paul, the optical fiber of MN.
With the frequency emission source light pulse of～10Hz, and the decay of monitoring emissive porwer, thereby the emission extinction curve collected.Use standard software, make the stdn of emission extinction curve, and carry out two exponential curve fittings.From Analytical Method for Attenuation Curve, might determine the high-energy state life-span (slow) of excited state electronics and the relative percentage ratio in every kind of life-span with fast.In two index analysis, use three independent fitting parameters: Er attenuation constant τ at a slow speed
Slowly, quick Er attenuation constant τ
Hurry upRelative percentage ratio α with two kinds of life-spans.
1/ τ
On average=α * 1/ τ
Hurry up+ (1-α) * 1/ τ
Slowly
According to the McCumber theory, from the measurable absorption spectrum of emission spectrum.Available then absorption spectrum is calculated some Giles parameters, and these parameters can be used in the common image intensifer model.The Giles parameter can be used for accurately designing in the production of optical fiber forming.
The silicon oxide storage solutions
In the 2L reaction flask, mix tetrem oxosilane (223mL, purchase Company, Milwaukee WI in Aldrich Chemical), (223mL purchases the Alcohol in Aaper to straight alcohol, Shelbyville, KY), deionized water (17.28mL), 0.07N hydrochloric acid (0.71mL).The gained clear solution is heated to 60 ℃, stirred 90 minutes.Cooling solution is transferred in the Plastic Bottle, stores in 0 ℃ of refrigerator.The SiO of gained solution
2Concentration is 2.16M (being mol/L).
Embodiment 1 is used to prolong L-band, contains three kinds of matrix of four kinds of Er/Tm ratios
Er/Tm with three types matrix and four kinds of content prepares erbium-thulium codoped silicate glass pearl.During preparation, in a container, mix the nitric hydrate thulium that the silicon oxide storage liquid of 2.16M partial hydrolysis, Wickenol CPS 325 that 1.0M is dissolved in methyl alcohol, nitric hydrate lanthanum that 0.5M is dissolved in methyl alcohol, hydration Erbium trichloride that 0.1M is dissolved in methyl alcohol and 0.1M are dissolved in methyl alcohol.Stir each reagent, the solution that obtains can produce and contain the gel of forming (mol%) shown in the table 1.
Table 1
| Sample | ??Er/Tm | ??SiO 2 | ??AlO 1.5 | ??LaO 1.5 | ??ErO 1.5 | ??TmO 1.5 |
| ??1 | ??10/20 | ??92.86 | ??6.14 | ??0.55 | ??0.15 | ??0.03 |
| ??2 | ??10/2 | ??92.96 | ??6.04 | ??0.82 | ??0.15 | ??0.30 |
| ??3 | ??3/20 | ??92.90 | ??6.10 | ??0.65 | ??0.045 | ??0.03 |
| ??4 | ??3/2 | ??93.01 | ??5.99 | ??0.93 | ??0.045 | ??0.30 |
| ??5 | ??10/20 | ??92.00 | ??7.00 | ??0.55 | ??0.15 | ??0.03 |
| ??6 | ??10/2 | ??89.00 | ??10.00 | ??0.55 | ??0.15 | ??0.30 |
The all batch method preparations of all compositions make refractive index be about 1.4800, add the silicate covering of optical fiber after, can form about 0.25 numerical aperture.Composition 1-6 is joined in the mixture of methyl alcohol (250mL) and 29wt% ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution (50g).Stir gained solution, form gel (about 10 seconds) up to them.Suction filtration is isolated gel, gel is heated to 80 ℃, the dried overnight sample.With the sample of ceramic mortar mill-drying, make particle size less than 150 microns.In aluminium oxide boat (Coors), roasting is about 1 hour in 950 ℃ of still airs, to remove all organism with the sample transfer after grinding.
After grinding in ceramic mortar with ceramic pestle, the gained roasting particle relies on gravity feeding hydrogen/oxygen flame, H in the flame
2/ O
2Ratio is 5: 2.To the aluminum oxide inclined-plane of a water-cooled, a collection device is arranged particle at this bottom, inclined-plane, collects the granulated glass sphere and the no cofusing particle of every part by flame spraying.
Fluorescence spectrum and lifetime data that above-mentioned granulated glass sphere is done utilize above-mentioned universal program to obtain, and are shown among Fig. 1-3.
Be preparation SALET optical fiber, cleaned a hollow synthetic fused silica pipe, as used pickling, with removal of contamination.Pipe is installed on the lathe, so that carry out the internal layer deposition.With the some high-purity silicon oxide layers of chemical Vapor deposition process (so-called MCVD) deposition, specifically be at SiCl
4, POCl
3And SiF
4When flowing through tube interior, allow hydrogen/oxygen flame pass through pipe.The innermost layer comprises the fluorine (for example about 4mol%) of high density.
The core body of prefabrication forms by the solute doping method.The porous silica layer floods with containing Al, La, Er and Tm ion solution then by MCVD method deposition.After core body deposited up, with the pipe drying, densification was destroyed then and is removed remaining seed prefabrication.
Heat-treat subsequently, adjust core body-covering ratio, in final optical fiber, obtain required core diameter.
This subsequent disposal may be used multi-step tension and the step of caving in.Then the prefabrication of finishing is drawn into optical fiber.Be hung in prefabrication on the draw tower this moment.Described draw tower has stove and some processing unit (plant)s of fusing prefabrication, as is used for applying, solidifies and annealing.
Figure 4 shows that the synoptic diagram of optical fiber 10 of the present invention.Optical fiber 10 comprises core body 12, inner cladding 14 and surrounding layer 16, and they are that the center holds with another respectively all.An example of optical fiber of the present invention comprises core material and holds the low refractive index clad material of core material, and described core material comprises the oxide compound of silicon oxide and aluminium, lanthanum, erbium and thulium.A kind of core body concentration of optical fiber is as follows:
Er concentration is 15-3000ppm;
Al concentration is 0.5-12mol%, is preferably 4-10mol%;
La concentration is less than or equal to 2mol%;
Tm concentration is 150-10000ppm; Be preferably 150-3000ppm.
Waveguide of the present invention has tangible advantage.Exemplary waveguide of the present invention (1) can improve the emission that prolongs L-band, (2) can comprise other nonactive rare earth elements, to regulate the interaction between the Er-Tm, the amplifier of, easier adjustment higher in order to preparation efficiency, (3) not germanic, (4) can comprise the ion that can suppress the dark effect of light, (5) can comprise fluorine, and it helps rare earth ion to be dissolved in the matrix.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is suitable for many optical waveguides and optics.Though the present invention introduces in conjunction with exemplary preferred embodiment, under the prerequisite that does not deviate from the scope of the invention, the present invention can implement by other specific forms.Therefore it should be understood that the embodiment of introducing and demonstrating only is used for explanation here, and should not be construed as limitation of the scope of the invention.Within the scope of the invention, can adopt other changes and improvements forms.
Claims (36)
1. waveguide (10), it comprises:
A) comprise the oxide compound of silicon oxide and aluminium, lanthanum, erbium and thulium, also have but the lower clad material of refractive index around not germanic core body (12) the material cores material;
B) Er concentration is 15-3000ppm;
C) Al concentration is 0.5-15mol%;
D) La concentration is less than or equal to 0.5-2mol%;
E) Tm concentration is 150-10000ppm.
2. the described waveguide of claim 1, wherein
A) Er concentration is 15-1500ppm;
B) Al concentration is 4-10mol%;
C) Tm concentration is 150-3000ppm.
3. the described waveguide of claim 1, the concentration that it is characterized in that Er is 150-1500ppm.
4. the described waveguide of claim 1, the concentration that it is characterized in that Al is 2-8mol%.
5. the described waveguide of claim 1, the concentration that it is characterized in that Tm is 15-3000ppm.
6. the described waveguide of claim 1 is characterized in that core body further contains F.
7. the described waveguide of claim 6 is characterized in that F concentration is less than or equal to 6mol negatively charged ion %.
8. the described waveguide of claim 1 is characterized in that described waveguide is the codoped silicate fibers.
9. the described waveguide of claim 1 is characterized in that described waveguide is the optical fiber that is shaped.
10. the amplifier that comprises the described waveguide of claim 1.
11. the described waveguide of claim 1 is characterized in that described core body comprises at least one first district and one second district, wherein there is a great difference in first district Er/Tm ratio and second district that comprise.
12. the described waveguide of claim 11 is characterized in that described and individual regional circular array.
13. the described waveguide of claim 11 is characterized in that described core body prepares with multiple tracks MCVD method.
14. the described waveguide of claim 11 is characterized in that described core body prepares with gel multiple tracks sol method.
15. the described waveguide of claim 11 is characterized in that described core body is by multiple tracks soot deposits method, solute doping method and the preparation of densification method.
16. silicate fibers (10), it comprises:
A) comprise the oxide compound of silicon oxide and aluminium, lanthanum, erbium and thulium but not germanic core body (12) material;
B) Er concentration is 15-3000ppm;
C) Al concentration is 0.5-15mol%;
D) La concentration is less than or equal to 0.5-2mol%;
E) Tm concentration is 150-10000ppm.
17. the described optical fiber of claim 16, wherein
A) Er concentration is 15-1500ppm;
B) Al concentration is 4-10mol%;
C) Tm concentration is 150-3000ppm.
18. the described optical fiber of claim 16, the spontaneous emissive porwer that it is characterized in that 1600nm are compared with the maximum strength at～1.53 μ m places up to-8.8dB, and the spontaneous emissive porwer of 1650nm is compared with the maximum strength at～1.53 μ m places up to-14.4dB.
19. the described optical fiber of claim 16 is characterized in that core body also comprises F, wherein F concentration is less than or equal to 6mol negatively charged ion %.
20. comprise the amplifier of the described optical fiber of claim 16.
21. the described optical fiber of claim 16 is characterized in that described core body comprises at least one first district and one second district, wherein there is a great difference in first district Er/Tm ratio and second district that comprise.
22. the described optical fiber of claim 21 is characterized in that described two regional circular array.
23. produce the method for optical fiber (10), this method comprises the steps:
A) provide bottom tube (16);
B) at least one high-purity silicon oxide covering (14) of deposition in pipe;
C) deposition comprises silicon oxide and Al, La, Er and Tm oxide compound but not germanic glass core body (12);
D) remove bottom tube, form prefabrication;
E) with prefabrication stretching becoming optical fiber.
24. method shown in the claim 23 is characterized in that
A) Er concentration is 15-3000ppm;
B) Al concentration is 0.5-15mol%;
C) La concentration is less than or equal to 0.5-2mol%;
D) Tm concentration is 150-10000ppm.
25. method shown in the claim 23 is characterized in that
A) Er concentration is 15-1500ppm;
B) Al concentration is 4-10mol%;
C) Tm concentration is 150-3000ppm.
26. method shown in the claim 23 is characterized in that core body further comprises F.
27. the described method of claim 26 is characterized in that F concentration is less than or equal to 6mol negatively charged ion %.
28. the described method of claim 23 is characterized in that described core body comprises at least one first district and one second district, wherein there is a great difference in first district Er/Tm ratio and second district that comprise.
29. the described method of claim 28 is characterized in that described two regional circular array.
30. the described method of claim 28 is characterized in that described core body prepares with multiple tracks MCVD method.
31. the described method of claim 28 is characterized in that described core body multiple tracks Prepared by Sol Gel Method.
32. the described method of claim 28 is characterized in that described core body is by multiple tracks soot deposits method, solute doping method and the preparation of multiple tracks densification method.
33. the described method of claim 23 is characterized in that depositing the core glass step and comprises a plurality of MCVD coatings of formation.
34. the described method of claim 23 is characterized in that depositing the core glass step and comprises a plurality of sol-gel method coatings of formation.
35. the described method of claim 23 is characterized in that depositing the core glass step and comprises formation a plurality of soot deposits layers, solute doping method and densification method coating.
36. prepare the method that prolongs the L-band amplifier, it comprises the steps:
A) provide a kind of optical fiber, its core body comprises silicon oxide and Al, La, Er and Tm oxide compound but is not germanic;
B) this optical fiber is coupled on the pump laser.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US34507601P | 2001-12-31 | 2001-12-31 | |
| US10/299,224 US20030147620A1 (en) | 2001-12-31 | 2002-11-19 | Germanuim-free silicate waveguide compositoins for enhanced L-band and S-band emission |
| US10/299,654 US20030145628A1 (en) | 2001-12-31 | 2002-11-19 | Method of manufacturing germanium-free silicate waveguide compositions for enhanced L-band and S-band emission |
| PCT/US2002/038303 WO2003057643A2 (en) | 2001-12-31 | 2002-12-03 | Germanium-free silicate waveguide compositions for enhanced l-band and s-band emission and method for its manufacture |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1708461A true CN1708461A (en) | 2005-12-14 |
Family
ID=27404641
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA028263944A Pending CN1708461A (en) | 2001-12-31 | 2002-12-03 | Germanium-free silicate waveguide composition for enhanced-L-band and S-band emission and method for its manufacture |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1461295A2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1708461A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2002357041A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2472053A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003057643A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113437626A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-09-24 | 福州大学 | Device and method for enhancing self-excited Raman laser |
| WO2022199398A1 (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-09-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | Erbium-doped fiber |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7822077B2 (en) | 2007-09-13 | 2010-10-26 | Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation | Thulium doped fiber configuration for enhanced high power operation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3622816B2 (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 2005-02-23 | 富士通株式会社 | Optical amplification fiber and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN1261332A (en) * | 1997-06-23 | 2000-07-26 | 康宁股份有限公司 | Composition for optical waveguide article and method for making continuous clad filament |
| US6243196B1 (en) * | 1999-05-20 | 2001-06-05 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical fiber for optical amplifier and fiber optic amplifier |
| ATE247077T1 (en) * | 2001-06-21 | 2003-08-15 | Cit Alcatel | OPTICAL DEVICE WITH MULTI-COMPONENT OXIDE GLASS |
| US6560009B1 (en) * | 2001-08-21 | 2003-05-06 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Erbium doped fibers for extended L-band amplification |
-
2002
- 2002-12-03 AU AU2002357041A patent/AU2002357041A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-03 WO PCT/US2002/038303 patent/WO2003057643A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-12-03 CN CNA028263944A patent/CN1708461A/en active Pending
- 2002-12-03 EP EP02806137A patent/EP1461295A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-12-03 CA CA002472053A patent/CA2472053A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022199398A1 (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-09-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | Erbium-doped fiber |
| CN113437626A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-09-24 | 福州大学 | Device and method for enhancing self-excited Raman laser |
| CN113437626B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-07-12 | 福州大学 | Device and method for enhancing self-excited Raman laser |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1461295A2 (en) | 2004-09-29 |
| AU2002357041A8 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
| CA2472053A1 (en) | 2003-07-17 |
| WO2003057643A3 (en) | 2003-10-02 |
| WO2003057643A2 (en) | 2003-07-17 |
| AU2002357041A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
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