CN1704484A - Alloying control method in process of RH refinement - Google Patents
Alloying control method in process of RH refinement Download PDFInfo
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- CN1704484A CN1704484A CN 200410024741 CN200410024741A CN1704484A CN 1704484 A CN1704484 A CN 1704484A CN 200410024741 CN200410024741 CN 200410024741 CN 200410024741 A CN200410024741 A CN 200410024741A CN 1704484 A CN1704484 A CN 1704484A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Fe] XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001264 Th alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000655 Killed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004836 empirical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012840 feeding operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides an alloying control method in the process of RH refinement, which comprises, (1) calculating the consumption of alloy elements as deoxidizing agent and chemical heating agent in the RH refining process, (2) calculating the total amount of each alloy element based on the initial value, desired value of the alloy elements in the molten steel, determining the consumption of the alloy elements, (3) determining the alloy charging combination and the amount of each alloy in the combination, (4) charging various alloys into the RH fining furnace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of production and control of a metallurgical process, in particular to an alloying control method in an RH refining process.
Background
RH refining is an indispensable technological process for producing a plurality of high-grade steel grades, and the process is mainly characterized in that the metallurgical functions of decarburization, degassing, molten steel temperature and component adjustment, alloying treatment, impurity removal and the like are realized through the circular flow of molten steel in a vacuum tank and a steel ladle and the oxygen blowing of a top lance.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic of a typical RH refining furnace. As shown in FIG. 1, the vacuum system 1 is connected to an RH vacuum vessel 3, and when the lower port of the vacuum vessel 3 is completely immersed in the molten steel in the ladle 2, a closed system is formed. The vacuum tank 3 is also provided with a port connected with the alloy feeding system 4 and the oxygen lance 5. When the RH process is started, the vacuum system 1 is started to evacuate. In the subsequent treatment process, oxygen is blown into the molten steel through an oxygen lance 5, and a certain type and amount of alloy is added into the RH refining furnace through an alloy feeding system 4 to complete the alloying treatment, wherein the main purpose of the alloying treatment is to adjust the components of the molten steel (i.e. the content of each element in the molten steel) to the required target values. And finally, when the components and the temperature of the molten steel meet the target requirements, stopping exhausting the vacuum system 1 so as to finish the whole RH treatment process.
The RH refining treatment process is very complex, and factors influencing the components of molten steel are more, so that the difficulty in controlling the components of the molten steel through alloying treatment is higher.Particularly, as the requirements of users on the variety and quality of steel products are higher and higher, the control precision requirement of molten steel components is further improved, and the control difficulty is increased.
In the actual production process of the current RH refining, in order to reduce the operation difficulty and improve the safety factor, operators often adopt a relatively conservative alloying control method. Specifically, when determining the type and amount of the added alloy, basically only the target value to be reached by the molten steel components after alloying treatment is considered, and the optimization problem of the alloy input cost is ignored; in the process control strategy, rough adjustment is generally performed to roughly determine the type and quantity of added alloy, the actual value of molten steel components is controlled within a range with a larger error from a target value, and then the quantity of added alloy is finely adjusted according to the chemical analysis result of the extracted molten steel sample and the experience of an operator, so that the final molten steel components are closer to the target value.
Therefore, the existing RH refining alloying control method cannot optimize the cost of the added alloy, and the alloy adding amount during fine adjustment depends on the experience of operators, so that the control precision is difficult to ensure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an alloying control method in an RH refining process, which has the advantages of reducing the total investment cost of an RH refining treatment alloy and improving the control precision of molten steel components.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
an alloying control method in an RH refining process comprises the following steps:
(1) calculating the consumption of alloy elements used as a deoxidizer and a heating agent in the RH refining process;
(2) calculating the input amount of each alloy element according to the initial value and the target value of the content of each alloy element in the molten steel component and the consumption amount of the alloy element;
(3) determining an alloy input combination and input amounts of various alloys in the input combination, wherein the input amount of each alloy element through all alloys in the input combination is equal to the total input amount of the alloy element; and
(4) and (2) putting the various alloys in the input combination into an RH refining furnace according to a determined input amount, wherein the input sequence is as follows: alloys used as deoxidizers, other alloys.
In the alloying control method in the RH refining process, the alloy as the deoxidizer is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silicon iron and ferromanganese.
Preferably, in the alloying control method in the RH refining process, the alloy as the heating agent is aluminum.
Preferably, in the alloying control method in the RH refining process, the alloy input combination and the input amounts of the respective alloys in the input combination are determined by using a linear programming algorithm in the step (2), wherein the objective function is that the total cost of all the input alloys is minimum, the constraint condition is that the amount of each alloying element input through all the alloys in the input combination is equal to the input amount of the alloying element, and the amount of each impurity element input through all the alloys in the input combination does not exceed a preset value.
In the alloying control method in the RH refining process, it is preferable that the order of charging the alloy used as the deoxidizer is: aluminum, ferrosilicon and ferromanganese.
The alloying control method of the invention takes the chemical reaction of the alloy elements and the oxygen element in the RH refining process and the influence of the alloy adding sequence into consideration, thereby reducing the labor load of operators and improving the control precision of the molten steel components after alloying. In addition, the input combination and the input amount of the alloy are determined by adopting a linear programming algorithm, so that the automatic optimization of the input cost of the alloy is possible.
Drawings
The objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be further understood from the following description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a typical RH refining furnace.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of an alloying control method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The alloying process in the RH refining treatment is essentially a complex process, and the added alloy elements will generate certain loss due to various reasons, for example, the molten steel deoxidation reaction and the chemical heating reaction will consume a certain amount of the added alloy, and different alloyadding sequences will also have great influence on the element yield in the alloying process. Therefore, in order to accurately and stably control the alloying process, both physical and chemical changes in the alloying process must be taken into account.
Therefore, in the alloying control method, the amount of the alloy elements consumed by chemical reaction is introduced into the calculation of the alloy input amount, and the yield of the elements in the alloying process is kept stable by optimizing the alloy input sequence, so that the control speed, the control precision and the control stability are improved.
It is noted that, according to conventional conventions agreed in the art, metallic materials involved in the RH refining process are collectively referred to as alloys in the present invention.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with the aid of the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of an alloying control method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, in step 21, the free oxygen concentration of the molten steel before alloying is determined by direct measurement, or is calculated according to a theoretical model or an empirical formula. Since the specific manner of determining the concentration of free oxygen in molten steel is a conventional technique in the production process of RH refining, it will not be described in detail herein.
Subsequently, the process proceeds to step 22, where the consumption amount of the alloying element used as the deoxidizer is calculated based on the free oxygen concentration determined in step 21.
In molten steel subjected to the RH refining treatment, a certain amount of free oxygen is contained in many cases, and particularly in ultra-low carbon steel, the content of free oxygen in the molten steel is high, but according to the requirements of the RH refining treatment, the content of free oxygen must be reduced to a sufficiently low level at the end of the treatment process, and therefore, deoxidation is performed by charging a certain amount of alloy into the refining furnace. In order to ensure the quality of molten steel after RH refining, aluminum is generally used as a deoxidizer, and in some special cases, such as production of silicon-killed steel, alloys such as ferrosilicon and ferromanganese are also used as deoxidizers. The chemical equations of the deoxidation reaction of the three alloys are shown in the following formulas (1) to (3), respectively:
in this embodiment, assuming that aluminum is used as a deoxidizer, the calculation method of the consumption amount of aluminum will be described below, and the calculation method of the consumption amount is similar for other alloys used as deoxidizers, and therefore, the description thereof is omitted.
According to theoretical derivation, the consumption of aluminum for deoxidation is as follows:
WD-AL＝0.001125×[O]DEO×WSTEEL(4)
wherein WD-AlThe addition amount of aluminum used as a deoxidizer is kilogram; [ O]]DEOThe concentration of free oxygen in molten steel before deoxidation is ppm; wSTEELIs the weight of molten steel and has the unit of ton.
However, in the actual refining treatment, since a part of the deoxidizer reacts with oxide inclusions in the slag, that is, not all the deoxidizer participates in the deoxidation reaction, the above formula should be divided by one aluminum yield, which is the ratio of the aluminum participating in the deoxidation reaction to the amount of aluminum to be charged as the deoxidizer, and can be obtained by a regression method based on the actual results of the conventional RH refining treatment. The formula (4) becomes after considering the aluminum yield factor:
WD-AL＝0.001125×[O]SEO×WSTEEL/ηAL(5)
η thereinALThe yield (%) of aluminum.
In step 22, the consumption amount of aluminum as a deoxidizer is calculated from (5).
Next, step 23 is entered to calculate the consumption amount of the alloying element used as the chemical heating agent.
In the RH refining process, oxygen blowing is basically performed to react with aluminum in molten steel, thereby releasing a large amount of heat, and thus raising the temperature of the molten steel. 1 standard cubic meter (Nm) as calculated from the chemical reaction of aluminum with oxygen3) The oxygen of (2) was reacted with 1.61 kg of aluminum, whereby the amount of aluminum used for chemical heating was in the following relationship with the amount of oxygen blown:
WH-AL＝1.61×VOLUMEO2(6)
wherein, WH-AlThe amount of aluminum used for chemical heating is expressed in kilograms; VOLUMEO2The unit is standard cubic meter of oxygen blowing amount for chemical heating.
In actual production, not all of the oxygen is absorbed by the molten steel, and therefore, the oxygen is multiplied by an oxygen utilization factor ηO2It represents the ratio of the amount of oxygen absorbed by the molten steel to the total amount of oxygen blown, so that equation (6) becomes:
WH-AL＝1.61×VOLUMEO2×ηO2(7)
the oxygen utilization coefficient of different RH refining devices is different, and the oxygen utilization coefficient of each RH refining furnace can be determined by an empirical method or a regression method.
In step 23, the consumption of aluminum as a chemical heating agent is calculated according to (7).
Then, the process proceeds to step 24, where the total input amount B of each alloying element is calculated based on the initial value, the target value and the consumption amount of the alloying element of the molten steeliWhere the subscript i denotes the kind of alloying element. For the ith alloy element, the specific calculation formula is as follows:
Bi＝B1i-B2i+B3i(8)
wherein, B1iIs a target value of the amount of the i-th alloying element, B2iIs an initial value of the amount of the ith alloying element, B3iThe consumption amount of the i-th alloy element as a deoxidizer and/or a heating agent.
Next, the process proceeds to step 25, where the alloy charge combination and the amounts of each alloy charged in the charge combination are determined in accordance with step 24.
In the alloying treatment of RH refining, the alloy to be charged is often composed of a plurality of different elements, and the same element exists in a plurality of different alloys, so that in the case where the amount of each alloying element to be charged is constant, there may be a plurality of alloy charging combinations satisfying the conditions. As for the specific selection mode of the input combination, various factors such as cost, molten steel quality, molten steel component target values and the like are generally considered comprehensively.
In the preferred embodiment, a linear programming algorithm is used to determine the alloy input combinations and the input amounts of the various alloys within the input combinations, wherein the objective function is to minimize the total cost of all input alloys, with the constraint that the amount of each alloying element input through all alloys within an input combination is equal to the total input amount of that alloying element. In addition, in the actual production process, the alloy input may bring a certain amount of impurity elements, so in order to ensure the quality of molten steel, the target value of the molten steel composition may further include the definition of impurity elements, that is, the amount of each impurity element input through all the alloys in the input combination is required not to exceed a preset upper limit value. The mathematical form of the above linear programming algorithm is as follows:
here, XjThe input amount of the j alloy; cjIs the unit price of the j-th alloy; a. theijIs the content of the ith element in the jth alloy; b isiIs the total input amount of the ith element; b isuiIs the upper limit value of the addition amount of the ith element. In the above formula, the alloy elements required for the purpose in the molten steel are given equal "<" and the impurity elements in the molten steel are given unequal "<".
It is to be noted that, in the above linear programming algorithm, the minimum total cost of the input alloy is taken as an objective function, and the input amount of the alloy element and the impurity element is taken as a constraint condition.
In addition, the alloy input combination and the input amounts of the various alloys in the input combination may be determined by a simple calculation formula, and for example, in the case where the kind of the target element is small and the content composition of the main element of the alloy is extremely high, the input amounts of the alloys may be determined by the following calculation formula:
the amount of alloy a charged is the target amount of steel tapped X (target value of finished element X-initial value of element X)/(alloy
The content of element X in A. the yield of element X) (10)
Here, the "target steel output" and the "target value of the finished element X" may be obtained from a manufacturing standard file, the "initial value of the element X" is a sample analysis value, the content of the element X in the alloy a may be searched from an alloy grade file, and the yield of the element X may be determined according to the experience of an operator and in combination with the actual situation.
After the alloy charge combination and the charge amounts of the respective alloys in the charge combination are determined, the process proceeds to step 26, where the order of charging the respective alloys in the charge combination into the RH refining furnace is determined.
When the alloy is added into molten steel, the alloy elements always react with oxygen in the molten steel to generate various oxide inclusions, which not only affect the quality of the molten steel, but also cause the yield of the alloy elements to be unstable, so that the difference of the alloy adding sequence can generate important influence on the quality of the molten steel and the yield of the alloy elements. In this example, the order of alloy feeding was chosen according to the following principle:
(1) various impurities produced in the alloying process are easy to float upwards so as to ensure the quality of molten steel;
(2) the yield of various alloy elements is relatively stable so as to better control the components of the molten steel;
(3) the loss of noble metal elements is reduced as much as possible so as to reduce the total alloy cost in the RH refining treatment.
According to the principle, the adding sequence of the alloy in the RH refining treatment process is as follows: the alloy is first added as a deoxidizer, and after complete deoxidation, the other alloy (particularly the relatively expensive and easily oxidized alloying element V, B, Ti) is added. Thus, since the deoxidation reaction of the deoxidizer alloy with the free oxygen in the molten steel removes most of the free oxygen, the oxidation loss of other alloys can be reduced, and a stable yield of alloy elements can be ensured.
When a plurality of alloys such as aluminum, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese and the like are selected as the deoxidizer, the input sequence of the deoxidizer alloy is as follows: aluminum, ferrosilicon and ferromanganese. When many kinds of alloys such as ferrosilicon and ferromanganese are selected as the deoxidizer, the deoxidizer alloys are put in the order of ferrosilicon and ferromanganese. This is because ferromanganese and ferrosilicon are inexpensive, but have poor deoxidizing ability and the produced inclusions are less likely to float up, which affects the quality of molten steel, and so deoxidation by using a strong deoxidizer aluminum is used.
Finally, the process proceeds to step 27, where the alloy is added to the RH refining furnace according to the alloy addition combination, the addition amount, and the addition sequence determined in the preceding steps. The step can be controlled automatically by computer or manually. For the RH refining furnace with complete process control and basic automation, the process control computer downloads instructions to the basic automation computer after determining the alloy feeding combination, the feeding amount and the feeding sequence according to the alloying control method, and the basic automation computer automatically controls the alloy weighing and alloy feeding operation in the alloying process; for an RH refining furnace with incomplete process control, the alloying operation can also be carried out by an operator according to the alloy feeding combination, the feeding amount and the feeding sequence determined by the control method.
Claims (5)
1. An alloying control method in an RH refining process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) calculating the consumption of alloy elements used as a deoxidizer and a chemical heating agent in the RH refining process;
(2) calculating the total input amount of each alloy element according to the initial value and the target value of the content of each alloy element in the molten steel component and the consumption amount of the alloy elements;
(3) determining an alloy input combination and input amounts of various alloys in the input combination, wherein the input amount of each alloy element through all alloys in the input combination is equal to the total input amount of the alloy element; and
(4) and (2) putting the various alloys in the input combination into an RH refining furnace according to a determined input amount, wherein the input sequence is as follows: alloys used as deoxidizers, other alloys.
2. The method of controlling alloying in an RH refining process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alloy as a deoxidizer is at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silicon iron and manganese iron.
3. The method of controlling alloying in an RH refining process as set forth in claim 2, wherein the alloy as the chemical heating agent is aluminum.
4. The method for controlling alloying in RH refining process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the combination of alloy inputs and the amounts of the respective alloys input in the combination of inputs are determined by a linear programming algorithm in the step (2), wherein the objective function is that the total cost of all the alloys input is minimized, and wherein the constraint condition is that the amount of each alloy element input through all the alloys input in the combination of inputs is equal to the total input amount of the alloy element, and the amount of each impurity element input through all the alloys input in the combination of inputs does not exceed a predetermined value.
5. The method of controlling alloying in RH refining process according to claim 4, wherein the alloys used as deoxidizers are charged in the order of: aluminum, ferrosilicon and ferromanganese.
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| CN101881981A (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2010-11-10 | 北京首钢自动化信息技术有限公司 | Closed loop control system for temperature and components of RH (Rockwell Hardness) molten steel |
| CN101928808A (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2010-12-29 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for determining adding amount of alloy in RH refining process |
| CN101748236B (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2011-06-01 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for controlling titanium component content in molten steel |
| CN102251076A (en) * | 2010-05-21 | 2011-11-23 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | RH vacuum refining method of ultra-low carbon stainless steel |
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| SU1186645A1 (en) * | 1984-07-11 | 1985-10-23 | Западно-Сибирский Ордена Ленина Металлургический Комбинат Им.50-Летия Октября | Method of controlling production process at section of preparing cast iron for casting ingot moulds |
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| CN101881981A (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2010-11-10 | 北京首钢自动化信息技术有限公司 | Closed loop control system for temperature and components of RH (Rockwell Hardness) molten steel |
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| CN107217120A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2017-09-29 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Converter alloy adds control method |
| CN107217120B (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2019-05-28 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Converter alloy adds control method |
| CN109086251A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2018-12-25 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of method of alloy addition in determining RH furnace refining process |
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