CN1703087A - 宽带电信系统及减少多媒体接收机信道切换延迟时间方法 - Google Patents

宽带电信系统及减少多媒体接收机信道切换延迟时间方法 Download PDF

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CN1703087A
CN1703087A CNA2005100719913A CN200510071991A CN1703087A CN 1703087 A CN1703087 A CN 1703087A CN A2005100719913 A CNA2005100719913 A CN A2005100719913A CN 200510071991 A CN200510071991 A CN 200510071991A CN 1703087 A CN1703087 A CN 1703087A
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M·佩尔特
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    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/438Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. retrieving encoded video stream packets from an IP network
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    • H04N21/4384Accessing a communication channel involving operations to reduce the access time, e.g. fast-tuning for reducing channel switching latency
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs
    • H04N21/23424Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving splicing one content stream with another content stream, e.g. for inserting or substituting an advertisement
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
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    • H04N21/23Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs
    • H04N21/2343Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/236Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
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    • H04N21/44Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs
    • H04N21/44016Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs involving splicing one content stream with another content stream, e.g. for substituting a video clip
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H04N21/6106Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the downstream path of the transmission network
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    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
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Abstract

一种具有多个内容服务器(BS1-4)的宽带电信系统,多个内容服务器经优选地为非对称数字用户线路(ADSL)用户接入多路复用器(ASAM)的接入单元,向连接到其上的多个用户(TV1-4)提供多媒体数据的信道。内容服务器还经将多个信道合并到经单个转台信道(ZC)发送到ASAM的合成信道中的转台服务盒(ZSB)连接到ADSL用户接入多路复用器(ASAM)。当用户(TV3)请求选择的信道时,且当该信道在ASAM还不可直接得到时,ASAM立即将合成信道提供给该用户,直到ASAM从提供该合成信道的内容服务器中直接接收请求的信道。

Description

宽带电信系统及减少多媒体接收机 信道切换延迟时间方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在宽带电信系统中使用的方法,其中,多个内容服务器经接入单元连接到多个用户,用于根据所述多个用户中一个用户的请求,向所述用户提供所述用户选择的所选信道。
背景技术
这种在宽带电信系统中使用的方法在本领域中是普遍已知的。它涉及多播传送,当用户(或确切地讲,其使用者)从一个多播组(即一个信道)换到另一个时,这种多播传送将遇到长的且不可预知的延迟时间的问题。这种延迟时间或延迟对于类似广播视频的业务而言尤其烦恼。
延迟时间越长,在请求的信道可以转发前用户或使用者接收不想要的信道或多播业务的时间就越长。由于电视观众喜欢换台,即从一个信道切换到另一个信道,因此,这降低了用户的体验。通过换台,另一个信道被顺序选择并观看一定时间。
延迟时间源自多种来源:
1.在接入单元(优选地,ADSL用户接入多路复用器(ASAM))与用户或主机之间使用的协议,如互联网组管理协议(IGMP)或多播监听发现(MLD)协议。例如如果是IGMPv2(IGMP版本2),当连接到主机的用户希望换到另一个信道时,主机可以发送一个“离开”消息和一个“加入”消息。“离开”消息通知接入单元不再转发其业务。“加入”消息通知接入单元转发另一个信道。如果其它主机也是在同一接口上的该多播组的成员,则由于接入单元不能立即决定停止转发业务,因此特别是“离开”消息会引入延迟时间。然而,如果接入单元在每个接口保持主机成员的(转发表的)“状态”数据,则这并不适用。可选地,对于IGMPv3,由于向接入单元发送告知其停止转发一个信道而转发另一个信道的单个消息,因此将显著提高换台速度。这显著减少了延迟时间。然而,在接入单元决定阻止一个信道而转发新请求的信道之前,仍需要时间。
2.从内容服务器到接入单元的内容传送:
- 接入单元已经收到请求的多播数据流(可以静态配置)。在这种情况中,接入单元通过上述在接入单元与用户之间使用的协议规定的接口立即转发多播业务,或者
- 接入单元还没有收到请求的多播数据流。在这种情况中,接入单元为多播路由器,并使用多播路由协议以保证接收请求的数据流。这不会立即发生,而会引入取决于网络负载和其它不可预测情况的延迟时间。
3.即使当没有出现如上所述的由于协议引起的延迟时间时,在换台时也可能出现不可预测的延迟时间。例如,当网络上太多主机同时请求另一个多播组时,即如果达到每秒换台数量的峰值时。这是非常现实的情况,例如在足球比赛或电影中插播广告期间。那时,由于缺乏CPU处理能力,以线路速率检查来自网络上所有主机的IGMP业务的可用资源可能不够。
还应该注意:使用IGMPv3(IGMP版本3)不排除IGMPv2。如果网络上的一个主机使用IGMPv2,则所有其它IGMPv3主机和路由器将由于IGMPv3必须向后兼容IGMPv2,而退回到IGMPv2。
存在减少换台延迟时间的专用解决方案。例如,AlcatelTM ASAM执行IGMP监听,这样一组预定的多播信道可以静态配置,并可用于使用点对多点ATM连接转发。这显著减少了信道切换的延迟时间,因为:
- ASAM不必使用多播路由协议以获取请求的多播数据流;
- 延迟时间受限于接入环路的性能(IGMP消息不超出ASAM)。
然而,这也带来了一些局限性:
- xDSL用户不能选择除了那些配置的信道;
- 如果所有用户同时换台,则达到每秒换台的最大数量。ASAM不能同时处理所有这些请求。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种如上所述在宽带电信系统中使用的方法,但其中想换到另一个信道的用户遇到的延迟时间被大大减少。
根据本发明,此目的可以通过以下方案实现:所述方法包括如下步骤:当所述用户请求选择的信道后,立即向所述用户提供包括多个所述内容服务器发送的信道和包括与所述选择的信道实质上相同的第二信道的合成信道。
采用这种方式,通过信道交换,新请求的选择的信道立即以第二信道的形式提供给用户。
本发明的另一个具有特色的实施例是:所述多个内容服务器发送的信道在被传送到用户之前,由转台服务盒(Zapping Service Box)将其合并到所述合成信道中。
换言之,多个数据流信道被馈入转台服务盒,其将一组预定的多播数据流实时转换成单个数据流或合成信道。该合成信道在通过接入单元或ASAM向用户广播的转台信道上传送。如果ASAM检测到用户不再对接收某一信道感兴趣,例如以IGMPv2的“离开”消息的形式,其向该用户转发转台信道。同时,在后台进一步进行请求处理。
本发明还涉及具有通过接入单元连接到多个用户的多个内容服务器的宽带电信系统。
当这种已知宽带电信系统的用户请求将其转换连接到另一个内容服务器时,他们会碰到上述延迟时间的问题。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种上述已知类型的宽带电信系统,但其中,用户经历的转换延迟时间被大大减小。
根据本发明,此目的可以通过下述方案实现:所述内容服务器直接和通过转台服务盒连接到接入单元,所述转台服务盒用于将从多个所述内容服务器收到的信道合并到合成信道中,所述合成信道在单个转台信道上被传送到所述接入单元。
采用这种方式,并就像将根据本发明后面的描述变得清楚的那样,通过将用户连接到单个转台信道,直到新请求的信道在接入单元(优选地,ADSL用户接入多路复用器(ASAM))可得到,从而在用户处可得到,可以减少上述延迟时间。
更具体地讲,所述接入单元用于在将用户连接到所述用户请求接收信道的内容服务器之前,将所述用户连接到所述转台服务盒。
本发明的再一个具有特色的实施例是:在所述转台服务盒和所述接入单元之间的所述单个转台信道上传送的合成信道包括与所述用户请求的信道实质上相同的第二信道。
用户连接到接入单元或ADSL用户接入多路复用器(ASAM),以在新的信道可得到前接收该第二信道。
在所附权利要求中提到了本宽带电信系统和其中使用的方法的更多具有特色的实施例。
应该注意:权利要求中使用的术语“包括”不应被解释为局限于后面列出的装置。因此,语句“包括装置A和B的设备”的范围不应被局限为仅由部件A和B构成的设备。对于本发明,其意思是设备的相关部件仅为A和B。
类似地,应该注意:权利要求中使用的术语“连接”不应被解释为只局限于直接连接。因此,语句“连接到设备B的设备A”的范围不应局限于其中设备A的输出直接连接到设备B的输入的设备或系统。其意思是在A的输出和B的输入之间存在路径,其可以是包括其它设备或装置的路径。
附图说明
通过结合附图参照下述实施例的描述,本发明的上述和其它目的和特征将变得更明显,而发明本身也将得到最好的理解。其中:
图1表示根据本发明的具有互联和操作的换台服务盒(ZSB)和ADSL用户接入多路复用器(ASAM)的宽带电信系统;
图2表示在用户的屏幕(TV3)上的从图1的换台服务盒并通过ADSL用户接入多路复用器(ASAM)接收的画面的传输。
具体实施方式
图1所示的宽带电信系统包括:通过宽带信道连接到多个用户TV1到TV4的多个内容服务器BS1到BS4。该系统还包括接入单元,其优选地为非对称数字用户线路(ADSL)用户接入多路复用器ASAM,并且与内容服务器BS1-4和用户TV1-4接口。内容服务器BS1/4提供来自诸如BBCTM或CNNTM的组的多媒体数据的信道,例如TV3的用户可以利用遥控器RC从这些内容服务器中的一个选择接收多媒体数据。
当用户(或其使用者),例如TV3,从内容服务器(例如BS2)选择一个信道时,多媒体数据经信道BSC2a从内容服务器BS2发送到ADSL用户接入多路复用器ASAM,再经信道TVC3传送到用户TV3。来自内容服务器BS1-4的大多数多媒体数据在ASAM可得到,这样后者可以立即将请求的数据提供给例如通过遥控器RC换台选择它的用户。然而,如果请求(选择)的多媒体数据不能在ASAM得到,则用户不得不在接收期望的多媒体数据之前等待。为了减少这种延迟时间,内容服务器BS1-4也可以例如经内容服务器BS2的信道BSC2z连接到换台服务盒ZSB,该换台服务业务盒ZSB在将收到的多媒体数据经名为单一换台信道ZC传送到ADSL用户接入多路复用器ASAM之前,将收到的多媒体数据合并到合成信道ZC中。
如果用户从内容服务器选择其多媒体数据在ASAM还不可得的一个信道时,ASAM首先立即将换台信道ZC发送到该用户,例如如图2所示的屏幕画面,直到多媒体数据可在ASAM从选择的内容服务器中直接接收。
应该指出:可以在宽带电信系统中设置多个换台服务盒。
下面将更详细地说明具有换台服务盒ZSB的宽带电信系统的操作。
换台服务盒ZSB是一组预定的多播组(例如BBCTM或CNNTM)的成员。因而,ZSB接收不同格式的多个来源BS1-4的多播业务,并将它们实时转换成单一信道ZC。除了建立该单一数据流外,由于输出的换台信道ZC的比特率有限,ZSB必须降低不同多播信道的质量。实际上,换台信道ZC的比特率必须适应用户TV1-4的宽带连接的带宽限制。为此,需确定其中的平衡:
- 转换成换台信道ZC的数据流的数量,和
- 单个数据流的比特率,以保证足够的质量,不会太大恶化用户的体验。
换台信道ZC通过换台服务盒ZSB转发到宽带电信系统的每个ASAM。
一旦ASAM检测到用户TV3想换到BS2的信道,ASAM就立即无延迟地将换台信道ZC转发到TV3。然后,用户TV3从换台服务盒ZCB接收一组预定的信道。
由于换台信道ZC立即通过ASAM转发,因此,用户TV3以最小的延迟时间接收他请求的信道,但质量暂时较差。如果用户在此期间再一次换台,且如果该新的信道在换台信道ZC中,则该用户可以再次没有延迟地切换到该新的信道。
应该注意:用户TV3选择的信道可以在ASAM或者在用户自身例如通过本领域已知的所谓顶置盒(未示出)从换台信道ZC中提取。
由于换台信道在检测到IGMP“离开”消息后立即被转发,因此不可能存在更快的方式以响应用户。在现有技术中,“离开”消息必须向接入单元或执行IGMP侦听的盒传输。这些设备必须在采取行动前检查该消息。
如果用户再次换台,则能够立即切换到换台信道内的另一个信道。
由于换台服务盒ZCB,时间用于进行处理,并直接将请求的多播业务导向用户。这避免了将资源用于处理很少使用的每秒换台的最大数量,即当所有用户同时换台时。
此外,代替顺序选择一个接一个的多播信道,在换台信道ZC中存在多个信道,并且换台信道ZC仅向用户转发一次。这避免了如果用户马上再次换台,多播业务没有必要从该内容服务器转发到用户。
此外,多播信道不必在ASAM静态配置,以减少延迟时间。一些“付费”信道可以在换台信道ZC中即时提供,而其它信道可以在较长的延迟时间后提供。
在另一个应用中,换台信道ZC可被当作可使用的预览信道,用户可以从中选择他想观看的。
最后注意,本发明的实施例以功能框的形式进行描述。通过上面给出的这些框图的功能描述,对于本领域设计电子设备的技术人员来说,如何利用已知的电子部件制造这些框图的实施例是明显的。因此,功能框图的详细结构并未给出。
虽然结合具体设备已对本发明的原理进行了描述,但可以清楚地理解:该描述仅仅以实例的方式给出,而并不是对本发明范围的限制,本发明的范围如所附权利要求确定。

Claims (17)

1.一种宽带电信系统中使用的方法,其中,多个内容服务器(BS1-4)经至少一个接入单元(ASAM)连接到多个用户(TV1-4),用于根据所述多个用户中的一个用户(TV3)的请求,向所述用户提供所述用户在多个可用信道中选择的一个信道(BSC2a),
其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:在所述用户(TV3)请求选择的信道后,立即向所述用户提供合成信道(ZC),其包括多个所述内容服务器(BS1-4)发送的信道和包括与所述选择的信道(BSC2a)实质上相同的第二信道(BSC2z)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:由所述多个内容服务器(BS1-4)发送的信道在被发送到用户前,被转台服务盒(ZSB)合并到所述合成信道(ZC)中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述方法还包括以下步骤:将所述合成信道(ZC)发送到所述用户(TV3),直到接入单元(ASAM)从内容服务器直接接收所述选择的信道(BSC2a)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于:当接入单元(ASAM)直接接收所述选择的信道(BSC2a)时,所述选择的信道被发送到所述用户(TV3),而不是所述合成信道(ZC)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述方法还包括以下步骤:从所述合成信道(ZC)中提取所述第二信道(BSC2z),将所提取的第二信道发送到所述用户(TV3),直到接入单元(ASAM)直接接收所述选择的信道(BSC2a)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于:当接入单元(ASAM)直接接收所述选择的信道(BSC2a)时,所述选择的信道被发送到所述用户(TV3),而不是所述第二信道(BSC2z)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,位于用户处的顶置盒(STB)执行下述步骤:
-从合成信道(ZC)中提取第二信道(BSC2z);
-将所提取的第二信道发送到用户(TV3);以及
-将选择的信道代替第二信道发送到用户。
8.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述合成信道在单个信道(ZC)上从所述转台服务盒(ZSB)发送到所述接入单元(ASAM),并且所述合成信道在所述接入单元总是可得到的。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二信道(BSC2z)和所述选择的信道(BSC2a)由同一个内容服务器发送。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二信道(BSC2z)的质量比所述选择的信道(BSC2a)的质量差。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述接入单元是非对称数字用户线路(ADSL)用户接入多路复用器(ASAM)。
12.一种具有经接入单元(ASAM)连接到多个用户(TV1-4)的多个内容服务器(BS1-4)的宽带电信系统,
其特征在于,所述内容服务器(BS1-4)直接和经转台服务盒(ZSB)连接到接入单元(ASAM),用于将从多个所述内容服务器接收的信道合并到在单个转台信道(ZC)上发送到所述接入单元的合成信道中。
13.根据权利要求12所述的宽带电信系统,其特征在于,所述转台服务盒(ZSB)包含在所述接入单元(ASAM)内。
14.根据权利要求12所述的宽带电信系统,其特征在于,所述接入单元(ASAM)用于在将用户(TV3)连接到所述用户请求接收信道(BSC2a)的内容服务器(BS2)之前,将所述用户(TV3)连接到所述转台服务盒(ZSB)。
15.根据权利要求12所述的宽带电信系统,其特征在于,在所述转台服务盒(ZSB)和所述接入单元(ASAM)之间的所述单个转台信道(ZC)上发送的合成信道,包括与所述用户(TV3)请求的信道(BSC2a)实质上相同的第二信道(BSC2z)。
16.根据权利要求12所述的宽带电信系统,其特征在于,所述用户(TV3)是多媒体接收机,并且所述信道(BSC2a,BSC2z)形成多播业务。
17.根据权利要求12所述的宽带电信系统,其特征在于,所述接入单元是非对称数字用户线路(ADSL)用户接入多路复用器(ASAM)。
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