CN1699919A - Curved surface measuring apparatus - Google Patents
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- CN1699919A CN1699919A CN 200510016865 CN200510016865A CN1699919A CN 1699919 A CN1699919 A CN 1699919A CN 200510016865 CN200510016865 CN 200510016865 CN 200510016865 A CN200510016865 A CN 200510016865A CN 1699919 A CN1699919 A CN 1699919A
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Abstract
The invention especially relates to a measuring apparatus for quoting accurately any concave-convex camber curvature radius or distortion, which comprises mechanical parts, instrumentation system and display, wherein cutout devices in the mechanical parts are separately fixed on boning rod fixed in the middle of the left and right gear shaft with gears fixed on both ends; the corresponding gears on the left and right fear shaft are mesh together; middle boning rod is suspended in top dead plate, with gear shaft fixed inside axle sleeve; top dead plate and dead plate are fixed tighter. The displacement gauge in instrumentation system adopts pattern displacement converter, which fixed on middle boning rod with displacement signals close classified though electronic brunching circuit and magnifies and inputs the signals to microprocessor for program operating and displays the outcomes in accumulator, and when gauge finished, transmits measured data to computer though USB interface to get fuller processing. The cutout devices adopt spherical contact tip.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of fine measuring instrument in the modern processing, particularly relate to the surveying instrument of any concave and convex surface radius-of-curvature of a kind of accurate measurement or curvature.
Technical background:
The three-coordinates measuring machine that occur the 1950's, through semicentennial development, basically can satisfy the requirement of measuring complex-curved geometric configuration, but existing three-dimensional curved surface measurer volume is big, the cost height, fixed installation, and environment there is certain requirement, therefore, it is low to design a kind of cost, it is large-scale curved both can to have fixedly mounted measurement, also portability is imperative to the instrument of the middle-size and small-size curved surface of in-site measurement, also there are some shortcomings in the inventor's patent of invention (ZL01117999.6 and ZL02109514.0), its principle on needle-like principle and structure, as shown in Figure 8, the derivation of theoretical formula is as follows:
ρ
2=R
2+(ρ-H)
2 (1)
Then have
And
As shown in Figure 1
R=r
0+r (4)
h=l
0-Δh (5)
(5) formula substitution (6) formula, then substitution as a result (4) formula,
(7) formula substitution (2) formula is got
As seen, r
0And l
0For known, Δ h can determine when measuring, therefore only require H, radius-of-curvature ρ or curvature
Can try to achieve, but to survey pin being needle-like, when measuring the very little curved surface of radius-of-curvature, is not that the syringe needle of surveying pin contact with curved surface first, but the medial surfaces of two survey pin contact with curved surface, and this just certainly leads to error in theory; Moreover, survey the surface that the pin syringe needle also can scratch measured piece.In addition, the physical construction of ZL02109514.0 patent has limited two and has surveyed the scope of pin opening and closing, regulates part and has the mismachining tolerance that is difficult to overcome, and its measuring accuracy is low, and structure is not compact yet.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is provides the radius-of-curvature of any big or small concave and convex surface of a kind of both energy measurements in order to solve the problem that above-mentioned principle and structure exist, compactness rational in infrastructure, and do not scratch the novel curvature measurement instrument on measured piece surface.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved in that accompanying drawings is as follows.
At first on principle, done following improvement, the existing measure equation that proposes spheric probe measurement convex surface radius-of-curvature in conjunction with Fig. 1 (a):
b=b′-AB (9)
h=h′-GE (10)
According to Δ ABC, Δ AEF are similar following formula arranged
At triangle O
1Have among the MC
r
2=AB
2+(r-BC)
2 (12)
Get by (11) (12) formula
r
2=AB
2+(r-BC)
2 (14)
Present demand goes out b '
b′=d+y (19)
Each several substitutions (2) formula of trying to achieve is drawn
In like manner, can try to achieve the measure equation of concave curvatures in conjunction with Fig. 1 (b):
Therefore, as long as just record the radius-of-curvature that Δ h and h ' can try to achieve convex surface or concave surface.
According to above-mentioned principle, curved surface measurer provided by the invention is by mechanical part, measuring system and display are formed, survey pin 2 in the mechanical component, 15,14 are contained in measuring staff 4 respectively, 12, on 13, a left side, right measuring staff 4,13 are fastened on the left side that gear is equipped with at two ends respectively, the centre of right gear axle, a left side, corresponding gear on the right gear axle is meshing with each other, middle measuring staff 12 is tightened in the upper mounted plate 11, gear shaft is contained in the axle sleeve on the fixation clip, fixation clip and upper mounted plate 11 are fixing, displacement measurement in the measuring system adopts grating displacement sensor 8, it is contained in the middle measuring staff 12, its displacement signal segments through electronic sub-circuit, amplification is sent into microprocessor and is carried out sequential operation, result of calculation shows by display 10 and is stored in the storer, measurement finishes, and measurement data is transferred in the computing machine by USB interface and further handles.
The gauge head of said survey pin 2,15,14 is spherical.
Said program comprises firmware main body loop program, time interrupt service routine and USB interface interrupt service routine, master routine mainly is responsible for the initialization and the button poll response of curved surface measurer, the time interrupt service routine is responsible for data computation, liquid crystal display, and the USB interface interrupt service routine is responsible for the communication of USB control chip.
Physical construction of the present invention is made up of left, center, right measuring staff, left, center, right spheric probe, front and back fixation clip, upper mounted plate, left and right gear shaft, left and right two pairs of gears and following capping.
The structure of the left and right sides is symmetrical, spheric probe 1 is to be pressed together in the pit of surveying pin 2, cross each other and should cooperate, it is to be inserted in the left measuring staff 4 that pin 2 is surveyed on a left side, and tighten up with lock-screw 3, at the two ends of left gear axle 17 left gear 19 is housed, the upper end of left side measuring staff 4 is to be inserted in the left gear axle 17, and tighten up with measuring staff clamp-screw 21, the two ends of left gear axle are contained between preceding fixation clip 6 and the back fixation clip 16, and be fastened on the upper mounted plate 11, and compress with screw 7, in measuring staff 12 be by about the centre of two pairs of gears be tightened in the upper mounted plate 11, following capping is to pass the left, center, right measuring staff and be glued on the fixation clip 11, grating displacement sensor can contact by the top screw-in of upper mounted plate and with middle measuring staff 12.
Displacement measurement system: adopt clock gauge, resistance displacement sensor, inductance displacement sensor, capacitive displacement transducers etc. can be measured the displacement of curved surface measurer middle measuring foot, but all there are some shortcomings, therefore the present invention adopts grating displacement sensor, because the performance of electronic sub-circuit and grating signal quality combine and can obtain the least count of required displacement, even the method that adopts the reasonable incisure density of grating to combine with medium segmentation, also much higher than the measuring accuracy of aforesaid several displacement transducers, the present invention is the novel curved surface measurer that incorporates grating technology, its integrated circuit principle is seen Fig. 3, it is by grating sensor, electronic sub-circuit, microprocessor, LCD, the storer USB interface, PC and auxiliary circuit (direct current stabilizer, keyboard etc.) form, the displacement signal of grating sensor carries out electronic fine-grained, amplify, send into microprocessor, and the displacement numerical value that draws calculated the radius-of-curvature value by operation program, show by liquid crystal display afterwards, store in the storer simultaneously, further handle so that be transferred in the computing machine, introduce the various piece of circuit below:
LCD: LCD (LCD) is a Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system output device commonly used, compare low in energy consumption with LED, and can show abundant character, Chinese character, figure, LCD is divided into two types of character LCD and dot matrix drawing LCD, native system adopts dot matrix drawing type LCD, its inside is divided into line driver and row driver, and its inner structure as shown in Figure 4.
The appearance of USB interface: USB has not only solved the not enough problem of I/O socket, and set up a connection and visited the peripheral hardware more efficient methods, these methods can reduce overall cost effectively, increase attachable peripheral hardware number, the connection of simplified apparatus and configuration.
Usb bus belongs to a kind of USB (universal serial bus) of novel high speed, the data transmission that the host computer control port initialization is all, according to formulating good principle before the transmission, when each transmission begins, console controller sends a kind and a direction that is used to describe transmission, the usb data bag of USB device address and terminal, USB device is taken out one's own data from the appropriate location of decoded packet, when the transmission beginning, by indicating that bag comes the transmission direction of flag data, transmitting terminal begins to send the packet that comprises information or shows does not then have data to transmit; Receiving end also correspondingly sends a packet of shaking hands, and shows whether transmit success; Usb data transmission between transmitting terminal and the receiving end, the passage that has two types of stream and message, the data of stream are unlike the data of message, it does not have the defined structure of USB, and passage and data bandwidth, transmit COS, port identity (as direction and buffer size) is relevant, multi-channel promptly exists after the USB device setting is finished.
Auxiliary circuit: auxiliary circuit mainly is power regulator circuit and keyboard circuit.
Program design:
Firmware design: firmware is exactly whole Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) program, it mainly finishes the initialization of peripheral circuit, the data acquisition of grating sensor, the data presentation of LCD, the storage of data and the processing of usb protocol standard request etc., it in program design the measurement computational accuracy that guarantees curved surface measurer, in the curvature computing formula, adopt floating type, calculated amount is very big, and require processing speed fast especially, the firmware design flow process of patent of the present invention as shown in Figure 5, wherein Fig. 5 (a) is firmware main body circulation process figure, Fig. 5 (b) is a time break in service process flow diagram, Fig. 5 (c) is a USB interface break in service process flow diagram, primary structure is the major cycle on foreground and the interrupt service routine on backstage, for firmware has defined two important data structures: event flag and data buffer, they are the bridges between major cycle and the break in service flow process, exchanges data between the two realizes by them, its Task Distribution is: ISR is responsible for data computation, the operation of liquid crystal display and USB controller, the button operation of menu mode is adopted in man-machine interface, though have only 4 buttons, but can realize a lot of functions, four buttons are defined as respectively: the menu upturning key, the menu downturning key, function key 1 and function key 2 can realize the measurement of displacement, the measurement of curvature, functions such as storage and curved surface measurer are provided with.
The design of USB controller firmware: the USB controller firmware mainly is to realize device enumeration and two functions of data transmission.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1). apparatus structure is simple, is easy to the batch machining manufacturing, and cost is low, and turnover is fast and the market consumption is big.
2). both can measure the curvature of convex surface and concave surface, but also the degree of depth of measured hole and the projection height; Both portability was to institute of factory to be measured, and the centering miniature parts is measured, and also can be installed in fixedly institute of factory, and heavy parts is measured.
3). the measuring accuracy height, easy and simple to handle, operating personnel there is not very high technical requirement, and nuisanceless and environmental pollution.
Description of drawings:
The spherical gauge head of Fig. 1 (a) convex curved surface is measured geometrical principle figure, the spherical gauge head of 1 (b) concave Iy curved is measured geometrical principle figure.
Fig. 2 (a) curved surface measurer front view;
Fig. 2 (b) is the A-A cut-open view of Fig. 2 (a);
Fig. 2 (c) is the B-B cut-open view of Fig. 2 (b);
Fig. 2 (d) is the C-C cut-open view of Fig. 2 (a);
Fig. 2 (e) is the D-D cut-open view of Fig. 2 (a).
Fig. 3 curved surface measurer circuit structure is always schemed.
Fig. 4 LCD cut-away view.
Fig. 5 (a) firmware major cycle process flow diagram;
Fig. 5 (b) time break in service process flow diagram;
Fig. 5 (c) USB interface break in service process flow diagram.
Fig. 6 single-chip microcomputer and auxiliary circuit figure.
Fig. 7 USB controller PDIUSBD12 circuit diagram.
Fig. 8 (a) concave Iy curved needle-like gauge head is measured geometrical principle figure;
Fig. 8 (b) convex curved surface needle-like gauge head is measured geometrical principle figure;
Fig. 8 (c) both sides subtended angle and intermediate altitude difference location map.
Wherein: 1. measuring staff 13. right measuring staffs 14. right 18. times cappings of pin 15. middle measuring foots, 16. back fixation clip 17. left gear axles, 19. left gears, 20. back clamp-screw 21. measuring staff clamp-screws 22. rubber sheet gaskets of surveying in clamp-screw 8. grating sensors 9. leads 10. displays 11. upper mounted plates 12. are surveyed before the pin 3. lock-screws 4. left measuring staff 5. left gear axle sleeves 6. before the fixation clips 7. on steel ball 2. left side
Embodiment:
Further specify particular content of the present invention and using method thereof below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing illustrated embodiment.
The physical construction of measuring instrument: the physical construction of measuring instrument can be according to the size of measurand, by the Series Design manufacturing shown in Fig. 2 (a)~2 (e).
Grating sensor: the present invention adopts the TG110 grating micrometer sensor of Chengdu permanent precise measurement and control far away company, also can select the enclosure-type transmission grating of German Heiden Ha Si company manufacturing to measure the sensor of series as required.
Single-chip microcomputer: single-chip microcomputer selects for use C8051F020 as shown in Figure 6, inner integrated program of C8051F020 single-chip microcomputer and data-carrier store, multiple functional, excellent performance, it is real mixed signal SOC (system on a chip), it has been positioned at the forward position of the Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system update of measured 8051 devices, will obtain in fields such as instrument and meter, Industry Control, embedded Internet to use widely, and its overall performance has surpassed 16 bit DSP devices of a lot of 16 single-chip microcomputers and some low speed.
LCDs: the LCDs of patent of the present invention is selected the RT12864I of Shenzhen Rui Te Electronics Co., Ltd. for use, specifically comprises: order register (IR), data register (DR), busy sign (BF), demonstration control trigger (DFF), XY address counter, video data RAM (DDRAM) and Z address counter.
Because the driving voltage of liquid crystal display is 5V, when LCDs is connected with C8051F020, just exist voltage not match, though the input of the numeral of C8051F020 single-chip microcomputer is the 5V compatibility, but output maximum voltage value for VDD 2.7V to 3.6V, if the 5V device needs an input voltage that is higher than this VDD to work, then need to carry out extra configuration, for an input voltage value higher than VDD is provided, we are set to open-drain at the way of output of port pinout, and output terminal received the 5V power supply by a pull-up resistor, so the output of the logical one of C8051F020 will be thus lifted to 5V, and logical zero is a ground level, and the reset default setting of rear port pin of C8051F020 is an open-drain.
IR is used for depositing order code, and to deposit data corresponding with data register, and when D/I=1, under the effect of E signal negative edge, order code writes IR; DR is used for depositing data, it is corresponding that the and instruction register is deposited instruction, when D/I=1, under the negative edge effect of E signal, graphic display data writes DR, or under the effect of E signal high level, read DB7 ~ DB0 data bus by DR, the data transmission between DR and the DDRAM is that inside modules automatically performs; The BF sign provides the internal work situation.The BF=1 representation module is carrying out built-in function, and this moment, module was not accepted external command and data; During BF=0, module is a standby condition, can accept external command and data at any time.Utilize STATUS READ instruction, BF can be read the DB7 bus, thus the duty of inspection module; DDF is used for the control that the module screen display is opened and closed, and DFF=1 shows (DISPLAY ON) that for opening the content of DDRAM just is presented on the screen, and DDF=0 shows (DISPLAY OFF) for closing; The state of DDF is instruction DISPLAY ON/OFF and RST signal controlling; The XY address counter is one 9 digit counter, the Senior Three position is the X address counter, low 6 is the Y address counter, the XY address counter is actually the address pointer as DDRAM, the X address counter is the page pointer of DDRAM, the Y address counter is the Y address pointer of DDRAM, and the X address counter is the function that do not count, and can only be provided with instruction.The Y address counter has circulation numeration function, and after each video data write, Y address added 1 automatically, Y address pointer from 0 to 63; DDRAM is the storage graphic display data, and data are that 1 expression shows selection, and data are that 0 expression shows non-selection, and the relation of DDRAM and address and display position is seen the DDRAM address table; The Z address counter is one 6 digit counter, and this counter possesses circulation numeration function, and it is to be used for the display line scan-synchronized.When a line scanning is finished, this address counter adds 1 automatically, points to the next line scan-data, and the RST back Z address counter that resets is 0.
Usb interface controller
Novel curved surface measurer USB interface control chip is selected the PDIUSBD12 device (as shown in Figure 7) of PHILIPS company for use, PDIUSBD12 meets the design that the USB1.1 standard also can adapt to most of equipment class standards fully, as imaging class, mass storage class, communication class, printing class and manual input unit etc.Therefore PDIUSBD12 is fit to do a lot of peripherals such as printer, scanner, outside mass storage Zip drive and digital camera etc. very much.If a lot of equipment of realizing with SCSI are realized with USB now, can directly reduce cost.Low-power consumption when PDIUSBD12 hangs up and LazyClock output meet the requirement of ACPI OnNOW and USB power supply management device, and low-power consumption work allows the realization bus that peripherals is powered; Characteristics such as picture SoftConnect, GoodLink, programmable clock output, low frequency crystal oscillator and terminal resistance that PDIUSBD12 is also integrated.All these characteristics can both realize the time cost-saving in system, are easy to realize simultaneously more senior USB function on peripherals.
PDIUSBD12:
The PDIUSBD12 inner structure is made up of analog transceiver, voltage adjuster, PLL, bit clock restoring circuit, PHILIPS serial interface engine, SoftConnect, GoodLink, Memory Management Unit (MMU) and integrated RAM, parallel and DMA interface and DMA transmission.
End points is described:
The end points of PDIUSBD12 is applicable to dissimilar equipment, and for example the image printer massage storage can be 4 kinds of different patterns by Set Mode command configuration with the communication facilities end points:
Pattern 0 (Non-ISO) pattern non-synchronous transmissions
Pattern 1 (ISO-OUT) pattern synchronization output transmission
Pattern 2 (ISO-IN) pattern synchronization input transmission
Mode 3 (ISO-IO) pattern synchronization input and output transmission
Auxiliary circuit:
1) power supply stabilization circuit, novel curved surface measurer adopt battery or 220V civil power transformation to power afterwards, and volume is little and in light weight, and operating voltage is 7V ~ 16V.In this circuit, the 3.3V low-voltage that C8051F020 single-chip microcomputer and USB controller PDIUSBD12 use, what liquid crystal display used is 5V voltage, and we adopt the voltage-stabilizing device of AMS1117 and two kinds of models of LM7805 in circuit, have guaranteed the stable, reliable of circuit.
2) keyboard, keyboard are important external units in the system, and it transmits data to the Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system issue an order.In native system, we adopt separate connection formula nonencoded keyboard, each presses incoming line of keyed jointing, button duty on incoming line can not influence the duty on other incoming lines, during button, program adopts polling mode, is going to adopt time delays on the problem of trembling, and has so just avoided the interruption influence of USB interface in the bulk transfer data.Single-chip microcomputer is tabled look-up according to key, forwards corresponding handling procedure inlet to, carries out operation accordingly.
Measuring method of the present invention is:
The measurement of workpiece height of projection and hole depth: as can be known by Fig. 1 (a) or Fig. 1 (b), when the radius of the radius of protruding outer rim or shrinkage pool during less than d, earlier measuring instrument is returned to zero, surveying pin with two then props up in the outer rim of projection or the periphery of shrinkage pool, record+Δ h or-Δ h, the value that shows at display just is the numerical value of height of projection or hole depth; When the outer rim radius in protruding outer rim or hole during greater than d, earlier with about survey pin and suitably open, and place on the sheet glass and return to zero, in like manner can record height of projection or hole depth.
The measurement of curvature and radius-of-curvature: by Fig. 1 (a) or Fig. 1 (b) as can be known, because r, d and l
0It is fixed to be, and be installed in the process of measurement, before measurement earlier with about survey pin and open up into the appropriate location, on sheet glass, return to zero, just can record △ h, and then be placed on tested curved surface, can record h ', if tested is the convex curved surface, according to (21) formula, just can on display, demonstrate the numerical value of curvature or radius-of-curvature through measuring system of the present invention and sequential operation; In like manner, on display, just demonstrate the numerical value of the curvature and the radius-of-curvature of concave Iy curved according to (22) formula; Novel curved surface measurer of the present invention has data storing, computing and processing power, any direction at measured piece can cut out a curve, this curve can just can be tried to achieve the numerical value of each point curvature by the continuous multimetering of above-mentioned method, if with its input computing machine, the geometric configuration of this curve just shows.
Claims (3)
1, curved surface measurer is by mechanical part, measuring system and display are formed, it is characterized in that the survey pin (2 in the mechanical part, 15,14) be contained in measuring staff (4 respectively, 12,13) on, a left side, right measuring staff (4,13) be fastened on the left side that gear is equipped with at two ends respectively, the centre of right gear axle, a left side, corresponding gear on the right gear axle is meshing with each other, middle measuring staff (12) is tightened in the upper mounted plate (11), gear shaft is contained in the axle sleeve on the fixation clip, fixation clip and upper mounted plate (11) are fixing, displacement measurement in the measuring system adopts grating displacement sensor (8), it is contained in the middle measuring staff (12), its displacement signal segments through electronic sub-circuit, amplification is sent into microprocessor and is carried out sequential operation, result of calculation shows by display (10) and is stored in the storer, measurement finishes, and measurement data is transferred in the computing machine by USB interface and further handles.
2, curved surface measurer according to claim 1, the gauge head that it is characterized in that said survey pin (2,15,14) is for spherical.
3, curved surface measurer according to claim 1 is characterized in that said program comprises that initialization and the button poll response of being responsible for curved surface measurer get firmware main body loop program, are responsible for data computation, the time interrupt service routine of liquid crystal display and the USB interface interrupt service routine of communicating by letter of responsible USB control chip.
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CN101650156B (en) * | 2009-08-20 | 2011-04-13 | 吉林大学 | Device and method for measuring geometric parameter of superplastic non-spherical free bulge |
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CN106197358A (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2016-12-07 | 武汉君荣迅联科技有限责任公司 | A kind of multipoint mode measurement of curved surface equipment |
CN109506563A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-03-22 | 上海工业自动化仪表研究院有限公司 | Pivoting support radial clearance and flank of tooth jitter detection apparatus and method |
CN109506563B (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2024-02-27 | 上海工业自动化仪表研究院有限公司 | Slewing bearing radial clearance and tooth surface runout detection device and method |
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