CN1695835A - Method of electrodynamics for quick restoring soil polluted by heavy metal in situ - Google Patents
Method of electrodynamics for quick restoring soil polluted by heavy metal in situ Download PDFInfo
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- CN1695835A CN1695835A CN 200510026611 CN200510026611A CN1695835A CN 1695835 A CN1695835 A CN 1695835A CN 200510026611 CN200510026611 CN 200510026611 CN 200510026611 A CN200510026611 A CN 200510026611A CN 1695835 A CN1695835 A CN 1695835A
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Abstract
An electrodynamic method for fasthy in-situ repairing the pollated soil includes inserting a collecting electrode at one end of the region to be treated, inserting the working electrode in the region in array mode, and sequentially applying a DC field between the collecting electrode and the working electrodes changed from far end to near end for moving the pollutants, so cleaning the region.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electrodynamics original position fast repairing method of contaminated soil, the improvement and the resource that are used for heavy metal or persistent organic pollutants reclaim, and contaminated soil is repaired, and belong to the environmental protection and energy saving technical field.
Background technology
The accumulation in useless factories and miness district, dirty irrigated area soil of harmful heavy metal and high toxicity organic pollution receives publicity day by day.In addition, the pollution that produces in soil of the chemical leakage that causes of traffic accident also can not be ignored.Soil pollution is the combined pollution of multiple pollutant.Harmful heavy metal in the soil runs up to a certain degree will produce soil-botanical system and poisons, not only cause the reduction of degeneration, crop yield and the quality of soil, and by runoff and leaching polluted surface water and underground water, worsen hydrological environment, and may jeopardize human life and health by approach such as direct contact, food chains.Particularly serious is the characteristics that the pollution course of toxic heavy metal in soil system has disguise, chronicity and irreversibility.Therefore, pollution in the soil system and control are international difficult point and hot research problem always.
Physical chemistry recovery technique and bioremediation technology are mainly adopted in the reparation of contaminated soil at present.The former mainly comprises chemosetting, soil drip washing and electricity reparation.The electrodynamics reparation is a kind of based technique for in-situ remediation, compares with chemical reduction method with chemical cleaning method, and it is few to have labor intensive, and the contact poison harmful substances is few, the economic benefit advantages of higher.The technology of Electrodynamics Renovation development in recent years is very fast, because economic feasibility is proved, has entered the field trial stage in states such as Holland, the U.S., is attempting commercialization.
The method of electrodynamics reparation is for inserting two electrodes the two ends of treatment regions and pass to the low-voltage direct electric field, in the enrichment of electrode two ends and remove pollutant in the soil.The main effect that applies electric field has: the hydrogen ion that (1) electrolysis produces is converted into the free ion attitude with the pollutant in conjunction with attitude in the soil, makes it easy to move in electric field.(2) motive power that provides pollutant to move.The mechanism of electrodynamics reparation has three: 1. electromigration-charged positive and negative respectively to negative electrode and anode migration according to charged ion institute; 2. electrodialysis-interstices of soil fluid under electric field action by anode flowing to negative electrode; 3. charged particle and the colloidal particle motion under electric field action in electrophoresis-soil.
In the electrochemical reaction process, pollutant cations such as heavy metal always by anode to cathodic migration, simultaneously the H+ that generates at anode has quickened the stripping of heavy metal in soil and to the migration of negative electrode, therefore removed by " electrodynamics " prior to the heavy metal in the other parts soil near the heavy metal in the soil of anode, this part contaminated soil is administered thoroughly earlier, still will proceed the electrodynamics reparation in existing treatment technology, the contaminated soil up to whole working region all is repaired thoroughly.Scientist Finland Jurate Virkutyte delivered in 2002 the electrodynamics repairing polluted soil paper (The Science of TotalEnvironment, 289,97-121) show that the distance between anode and negative electrode places 2-3m, during operating voltage 40-60V/m, processing time needs 10-20 days at least, and energy consumption is greater than 200KWh/m
3And anode and negative electrode are provided with consumption and the expense that increases electrode apart from the young pathbreaker.Therefore one group of anode of existing employing and one group of fixing processing of negative electrode are big until the mode energy consumption of thorough repairing polluted soil, and long processing period has limited the promotion and application of electrodynamic method repairing polluted soil.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of electrodynamics original position fast repairing method of contaminated soil is provided, can improve regulation effect, shorten the processing time, energy efficient heavy metal-polluted soil or persistent organic pollutants.
For realizing this purpose, in the technical scheme of the present invention, adopt the array layout that unique working electrode is preposition or move forward, impel at the electromigratory electric field that carries out simultaneously of pollutant to move forward, to improve regulation effect and energy efficient.Insert the enrichment electrode at soil treatment district one end, the working electrode of the other end adopts preposition or the reach mode is carried out array layout, at first begin to pass to DC electric field from processing region working electrode at a distance, pollutant in the soil is moved to the enrichment electrode zone under the current potential active force, after electrokinetic process makes close working electrode pollutant in soil be reduced to processing requirements, continue to handle to the working electrode energising of previous row in the working electrode array or with working electrode reach back energising, so constantly change the on-position of working electrode in the array successively and reduce operating voltage, up to the improvement of finishing whole working region contaminated soil.
Method of the present invention is specific as follows:
1, an end of one group of electrode being fixed the insertion treatment region inserts working electrode as the enrichment electrode at the treatment region other end, and the suitable distance at treatment region two ends is 2-10m.Working electrode adopts preposition or the reach mode is carried out array layout, preposition or reach be spaced apart 0.2-2m.At first the working electrode of placing at a distance from processing region begins to pass to DC electric field, and the electric-field intensity optimum range is 20-200V/m, sets according to the physicochemical property of pending soil.Pollutant in the soil moves to the enrichment electrode zone under the current potential active force.
2, electrokinetic process 10-120 hour, make near after the working electrode pollutant in soil is reduced to processing requirements, to the working electrode energising of previous row in the working electrode array or will working electrode reach back energising, and reduce operating voltage, continue electrokinetic process.So constantly change the on-position of working electrode in the array successively and reduce operating voltage, up to the improvement of finishing whole working region contaminated soil.
The array layout of working electrode can pre-set among the present invention, also can adopt the reach mode, to save the use of electrode.For example can adopt the duplicate rows arrangement form, the working electrode of Fang Zhiing begins to handle from afar, and then to the preposition working electrode energising of interval 0.2-2m, and reduce operating voltage and continue to handle, and the distance placement of working electrode that will be original reach 0.2-2.0m.So constantly change the on-position of working electrode in the array successively and reduce operating voltage, up to the improvement of finishing whole working region contaminated soil.And for example can adopt the single file arrangement form, the distance of the 0.2-2.0m that after the electrokinetic process working electrode moved forward is placed, and switches on and reduces operating voltage and continue to handle.So constantly change the on-position of working electrode successively and reduce operating voltage, up to the improvement of finishing whole working region contaminated soil.
The present invention can adopt different arrangement of electrodes and reach mode according to the geometry difference in contaminated soil zone.When the contaminated soil zone was circular or similar circle, working electrode can be the progressively preposition or reach in center with fixing enrichment electrode according to the donut shape.When contaminated soil zone when being square, working electrode is parallel edges according to the square array shape with fixing enrichment electrode zone, progressively parallel preposition or reach.
The present invention can select for use the firm electrode of material closely as working electrode, comprises graphite, steel, PbO
2Materials such as metals such as/Ti, Ru/Ti and Pt or its alloy.
When handling heavy metal element cationic pollutant such as Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, as the enrichment electrode, anode is as working electrode with cathode electrode, carries out the electric field reach simultaneously and voltage reduces in that pollutant is electromigratory, can shorten the H of anode generation greatly
+Migration distance, thereby increase substantially H
+To the stripping effect of cationic pollutant, also saved the portion of energy that acts on rehabilitating soil, under identical working current density, reduced operating voltage, reduced energy consumption, shortened the processing time.
When handling poisonous anionic pollutant such as Cr, phenol, CN, anode electrode is as the enrichment electrode, and negative electrode is as working electrode, carries out the electric field reach simultaneously and voltage reduces in that pollutant is electromigratory, can shorten the OH of negative electrode generation greatly
-Migration distance, thereby increase substantially OH
-The stripping effect to poisonous anionic pollutant, also saved the portion of energy that acts on rehabilitating soil, under identical working current density, reduced operating voltage, reduced energy consumption, shortened the processing time.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the restorative procedure schematic diagram that the present invention is directed to circular processing region.
Among Fig. 1,1 is circular processing region, and 2 are fixing enrichment electrode, and 3 is working electrode, and 4 are reach position or preposition working electrode.
Fig. 2 is the restorative procedure schematic diagram that the present invention is directed to square processing region.
Among Fig. 2,1 is square processing region, and 2 are fixing enrichment electrode, and 3 is working electrode, and 4 are reach position or preposition working electrode.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and by specific embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is described further.
The present invention can carry out at circular processing region shown in Figure 1 or at square processing region shown in Figure 2 the method that contaminated soil carries out repair process.As Fig. 1, at the home position fixed placement enrichment electrode 2 of circular processing region 1, working electrode 3 according to the donut shape, is center preposition or reach with enrichment electrode 2 from periphery.Number in the figure 4 is depicted as reach position or preposition working electrode.As Fig. 2, to be sidelong at one of square processing region 1 and to put enrichment electrode 2, working electrode 3 is arranged in the opposite side of square processing region 1, and according to the square array shape, is parallel edges with enrichment electrode 2 zones, parallel preposition or reach.Number in the figure 4 is depicted as reach position or preposition working electrode.
Embodiment 1
The Pb contaminated soil scope of 2.5m * 2.0m is handled around in the smeltery, the about 1.5m of the soil pollution degree of depth, at the fixing 2.5m * 1.5m that inserts of enrichment side, the corrosion resistant plate of thickness 2mm is done negative electrode, i.e. the enrichment electrode, the high-density graphite rod of 20 φ 50mm is divided into two groups as anode, be working electrode, equidistant parallel opposite sides that are placed on of 10 working electrodes wherein, and at first pass to the 400V direct current, electric-field intensity 200V/m, 10 working electrodes of the equidistant more parallel placement in centre.Pb in the soil moves to the enrichment electrode zone under the current potential active force.After the electrokinetic process work 30 hours, switch on, and operating voltage is reduced to 200V, up to finishing whole working region soil remediation in 10 working electrodes that are placed on the centre.The result shows that Pb content is reduced to 7.1mg/kg by 58.4mg/kg in the soil sample, and average removal rate reaches 87.8%, and the processing energy consumption is 40Kwh/m
3And to isolate purity by the centrifugal purification catholyte be 66% white Pb (OH)
2Thereby, realize the recycling of resource.
Choose 4.2m * 20m scope in the Cd contaminated soil and handle around Electroplate Factory, the about 1.2m of the soil pollution degree of depth is at the fixing 2.0m * 1.0m that inserts of enrichment side, the high-density graphite plate of thickness 10mm is done negative electrode, be the enrichment electrode, 20 1.2m * 0.1m, the PbO of thickness 3.0mm
2/ Ti is as anode, i.e. working electrode parallelly equidistantly is placed on the opposite side far away apart from enrichment side 20m, and at first passes to the 400V direct current, and electric-field intensity 20V/m begins to handle.Cd in the soil moves to the enrichment electrode zone under the current potential active force.After the electrokinetic process work 120 hours, anode is drawn close 2m to negative electrode, places and operating voltage is reduced to 360V.After the electrokinetic process work 120 hours, anode moves forward 2m once more and operating voltage is reduced 40V, so moves forward 9 times, finishes whole working region soil remediation.The result shows that the Cd average content is reduced to 1.5mg/kg by 95mg/kg in the soil sample, and clearance reaches 98%, and the processing energy consumption is 34Kwh/m
3And to isolate purity by the centrifugal purification catholyte be 70% white Cd (OH)
2Thereby, realize the recycling of resource.
Contain around in the chemical plant and choose diameter phi 2.5m scope in the phenol contaminated soil and handle, the about 1.6m of the soil pollution degree of depth, placed around Ru/Ti mesh electrode is made φ 0.2m in the center of circle, the anode of long 1.8m, promptly the enrichment electrode keeps 0.2m on the ground.32 φ 50mm, the steel pipe of long 1.8m are as negative electrode, and promptly working electrode keeps 0.2m on the ground, place according to circle, and the about 0.19m of spacing is placed on outermost, at first passes to the 250V direct current, electric-field intensity 100V/m.Phenol in the soil moves to the enrichment anode region under the current potential active force, and by anodic oxidation.After the electrokinetic process work 10 hours, the equal anode of each negative electrode is drawn close 0.2m, keep cathode spacing 0.15m-0.20m, remove unnecessary negative electrode, and electric-field intensity is reduced to 230V.Carry out electrokinetic process once more after 10 hours, continue the working electrode reach up to finishing whole working region soil remediation.The result shows that phenol content is reduced to 1.5mg/kg by 205mg/kg in the soil sample, and average removal rate reaches 99%, and the processing energy consumption is 6Kwh/m
3
Claims (5)
1, a kind of electrodynamics original position fast repairing method of contaminated soil, it is characterized in that the fixing end of treatment region that inserts of one group of electrode as the enrichment electrode, insert working electrode at the treatment region other end, the suitable distance at treatment region two ends is 2-10m, working electrode adopts preposition or the reach mode is carried out array layout, preposition or reach be spaced apart 0.2-2m, at first the working electrode of placing at a distance from processing region begins to pass to DC electric field, the electric-field intensity scope is 20-200V/m, and the pollutant in the soil is moved to the enrichment electrode zone under the current potential active force; Electrokinetic process 10-120 hour, make near after the working electrode pollutant in soil is reduced to processing requirements, to the working electrode energising of previous row in the working electrode array or will working electrode reach back energising, and reduce operating voltage and continue to handle; So constantly change the on-position of working electrode in the array successively and reduce operating voltage, up to the improvement of finishing whole working region contaminated soil.
2, according to the electrodynamics original position fast repairing method of the contaminated soil of claim 1, it is characterized in that described working electrode according to the donut shape, is the preposition or reach in center with the enrichment electrode.
3, according to the electrodynamics original position fast repairing method of the contaminated soil of claim 1, it is characterized in that described working electrode according to the square array shape, is parallel edges with the enrichment electrode zone, parallel preposition or reach.
4, according to the electrodynamics original position fast repairing method of the contaminated soil of claim 1, when it is characterized in that handling Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn heavy metal element cationic pollutant, as the enrichment electrode, anode is as working electrode with cathode electrode; When handling the poisonous anionic pollutant of Cr, phenol, CN, as the enrichment electrode, negative electrode is as working electrode with anode electrode.
5, according to the electrodynamics original position fast repairing method of the contaminated soil of claim 1, it is characterized in that the material that described working electrode is selected for use is graphite, steel, PbO
2/ Ti, Ru/Ti, Pt or its alloy.
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| CN100429507C (en) * | 2006-04-29 | 2008-10-29 | 南京大学 | Experimental parameter investigating method for electric restoring polluted soil and groundwater |
| CN100464878C (en) * | 2006-01-13 | 2009-03-04 | 南京大学 | Electric restoring method of polluted soil and underground water |
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| CN102294350B (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2013-04-17 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | System and method for resorting organic polluted soil |
| CN103331296A (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2013-10-02 | 江苏大学 | Electrochemical repair electrode for contaminated soil |
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| KR100296374B1 (en) * | 1998-12-17 | 2001-10-26 | 장인순 | Method and apparatus for decontaminating contaminated soil in radioactive waste drum by electro-electric method |
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| CN102294350B (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2013-04-17 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | System and method for resorting organic polluted soil |
| CN102284474A (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2011-12-21 | 重庆大学 | Method and device for restoring polluted soil and treating solid wastes by utilizing electric energy |
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| WO2017152439A1 (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2017-09-14 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Field intensity compensation method of constructing non-uniform electric field by means of auxiliary electrode |
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