CN1695433A - Method for preventing and removing weed of grass stalk in rice crop - Google Patents
Method for preventing and removing weed of grass stalk in rice crop Download PDFInfo
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- CN1695433A CN1695433A CNA2005100403573A CN200510040357A CN1695433A CN 1695433 A CN1695433 A CN 1695433A CN A2005100403573 A CNA2005100403573 A CN A2005100403573A CN 200510040357 A CN200510040357 A CN 200510040357A CN 1695433 A CN1695433 A CN 1695433A
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Abstract
A method for preventing and eliminating the weeds in rice field includes transplanting rice seedlings in the field, and spreading the broken straw in the field to form a strong reducing layer to suppress the germination of weeds and applying fertilizer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rice cultivating technique, be particularly useful for organic rice production, also be applicable to preventing and kill off of general rice weed simultaneously.
Background technology
Farmland weed is meant that those are grown in the farmland, and it is wide to distribute, and harms the crops, unartificial herbaceous plant of having a mind to cultivation.It is long-term adapt to ecological condition such as local crop, farming, weather, soil and other social factor and survive, and is a part in the agricultural ecosystem, is adaptability plant strong, the most in great numbers in the natural environment.According to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation): about 50,000 kinds of whole world weeds sum! Wherein 8000 kinds is farmland weed! And the harm staple food crop have 250 kinds approximately, and the most serious weeds of harm have 76 kinds, wherein 18 kinds especially serious, as the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge, Bermuda grass, barnyard grass, eleusine indica, cogongrass, kitchen garden, lamb's-quarters, thorn amaranth etc.
The harm of farmland weed mainly contains the following aspects: with crops contention moisture, nutrient, illumination and space, insect pest, reduction output and quality, increase management recruitment and production cost spread disease, wherein to the influence of crop yield, the harm of weeds is only second to damage by disease and insect.
Preventing and kill off of farmland weed, except traditional intertill and clean tillage and agricultural synthesis are prevented and kill off measure, as: crop rotation, deep ploughing and intensive cultivation, selected breeding, During High-Temperature Composting, high-density planting, late sowing brings out, outside the management water source etc., because plant quarantine can cut off exotic invasive and the propagation of weeds, take place to come into one's own with the effective method of harm as reducing farmland weed.
From the forties in last century, for reducing the harm that farmland weed brings to agricultural production, research and development and applied chemistry weed killer herbicide have appearred, because chemical herbicide is growth characteristic and rule according to crops and weeds, utilize the type of chemical herbicide and to the action principle management of weeds of plant, therefore, in more than the 60 year history that chemical herbicide is used, playing immeasurable effect aspect the raising crop yield.But since 20th century the mid-1970s, pesticide resistance weeds kind is in rising trend always.The existing 185 kinds of weeds in the whole world have produced pesticide resistance to chemical herbicide at present, have had a strong impact on the development of sustainable agriculture.In addition, again because a large amount of uses of weed killer herbicide have brought serious harm to environment, as, people are at the persistence organic pollutant of soil discovery now, and many is intermediate products of chemical herbicide, and this has had a strong impact on safety biological and human survival.Therefore, research with seek other herbicidal methods and become the problem of global common care with the environment harmony, the particularly proposition of organic farming notion and development, require not use chemical herbicide in the agricultural product production process, more make instead of chemical weed killer herbicide weeding technical research become focus in the focus.
The biological weed control technology is because of it is strong to target weeds selectivity, carrying capacity of environment is little, be easy to control and advantages such as large-area applications, safety height become active field in the research of weeds biological control in recent years.
Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Province separated acquisition colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz (Colletotrichumgloeosporiodes) from susceptible soybean dodder (Cuscutaaustralis) in 1963, and this bacterium has special preventive effect to the pernicious parasitic weeds dodder of China soybean.The middle and later periods sixties, in Shandong, more than 20 province such as Jiangsu carried out production and the application that a preparation is protected in the Shandong, popularizing area reaches 600,000 hm2, and preventive effect has obtained huge economic benefit [13] more than 85%.But since long-term breeding and preservation, the pathogenic degeneration of bacterial classification.The nineties, high clear grade far away has been screened stabilization characteristics of genetics, big, the virulent monospore variant of sporulation quantity, and the field trial preventive effect is stabilized in 90%.The Hami plant protection unit was separated to sickle-like bacteria (Fusarium Orobanche) from the Egyptian broomrapes of susceptible Hami melon parasitism weeds (Orobancheaegyptiaca) in 1979, was made into biological prevention and control agent F798, and melon broomrape preventive effect is reached more than 95%.A kind of rest fungus of obligatory parasitism is found in the Jianhu County, Jiangsu on Bermuda grass.The prominent navel spore (Exserohilummonoceras) of the wedge angle of screening such as the Chen Yong of China Agricultural University is pathogenic strong to the barnyard grass grass, the epidemiology of this bacterium has been studied at present, and has been developed to commercialization.Zhang Xifu etc. investigate northern territory, Henan ruderal plant pathogen resource, identify 30 kinds of 19 kinds of pathogens on the weeds, wherein the withered bacterium of yard grass (Helminthosporiumnodulosum) is strong to the malignant weed yard grass pathogenicity of harm cotton, peanut and other crops, and field efficacy can reach 86.4%.Both can save a large amount of funds, can achieve success soon again.
Except utilizing the microorganism weeding, utilize the biological natural enemy of weeds to come management of weeds, not only feasible, and utilize wider.It is reported at present known can be used as the weeds biological control natural enemy, comprising 344 kinds of insects, 6 kinds of mite classes, a kind of nematode and 18 kinds of fungies, therefore, insect is main natural enemy in the weeds biological control, in the highest flight.In the natural enemy as the weeds biological control, coleopteron is maximum, has 161 kinds, account for the invertebrate that utilizes and fungi 43.6%, Culculionidae Curculionidae61 kind wherein, Chrysomelidae Chrysomelidae55 kind, the two accounts for and is utilized nearly 1/3rd of natural enemy sum; Secondly be 105 kinds of Lepidopteras, account for 28.5% of the kind of utilizing; 46 kinds of dipteras are arranged the 3rd, account for 12.5% (table 3) of planting that utilize.In addition, people also utilize vertebrate to carry out the weeds biological control.Many domestic animals such as ox, sheep, goose etc. are used for controlling the weeds on pasture, land, and fish, duck, snail, cowfish etc. are used for controlling aquatic weed.The fish that are usually used in controlling aquatic weed have Cyprinidae Cyprinidae4 kind, Callichthyidae Cichlidae6 kind, filopodium Gyrinocheilidae.
The methods of cultivation are as the technology of weed control, because it is simple to operate, grasp and cost are low easily, therefore, no matter farming weeding technology uses chemical herbicide now a large amount of, still from generation to generation, its other weeding technology advantage that can not replace all in exploitation energetically and applying biological weeding technology.Thereby farming weeding technology has new development again on inheriting tradition intertill and clean tillage technical foundation.
German agronomy expert is through exploring and the test demonstration, and in the farming at night, weeds reduce than the farming on daytime, and bud has been sent out in the soil of implementation farming at the night only weeds seed of less than 20%, by contrast, adopts the farming on daytime, and the weeds seed germination rate is up to 89%.Japanology rice field farming weed control technology.The rice sugar rice practice has been proposed.
More than many technology in rice field weed control, all played certain effect, but with industrialization, standardization and non-polluted farm product production, particularly the organic food production requirement is compared, and still has a certain distance, and it is not only necessary and also very urgent to explore the control of weeds new technology.
Summary of the invention:
Technical problem purpose of the present invention is exactly to be nuisanceless production of China's rice and the cultivation of paddy rice environmental friendliness, and special agricultural sustainable development provides abridged edition, effective, exercisable weed control new technology.
Technical scheme
A kind of careless straw rice makes the weed control method, comprising:
1, rice field: require the rice field smooth, the field face discrepancy in elevation is 6～10 centimetres, requires paddy field water either day percolation rate to be lower than 1～2 centimetre simultaneously;
2, select large spike high-yield rice kind for use: select for use grain number per spike greater than 200 large spike, disease-resistant, resistant to lodging and reach late-maturing kind more than 150 days the time of infertility;
3, careless straw: select C/N than the careless straw that are 15～50, careless straw amount of application is at 50-300 gram/M
2
4, select to spread fertilizer over the fields the time: the time of spreading fertilizer over the fields carries out in a period of time after the work before seedling growing; If spread fertilizer over the fields at twice, then answer for the first time in time of above-mentioned requirements and carry out, carried out in back ten days using for the first time for the second time;
5, spread fertilizer over the fields method: adopt the method for manually spreading fertilizer over the fields, but require to spread fertilizer over the fields evenly;
6, science Guan Shui: plant the branch bark of a cork tree later stage in paddy rice, keep the water layer of 3～5 centimetres in field face, divide the bark of a cork tree later stage to note putting the field once in 2 days, do wet wet alternate later on.
Above-mentioned careless straw are meant the residual body of preceding crop, as beanstalk, weeds, wheat, corn stalk, also comprise rice sugar, wheat bran or the like, and after careless straw were collected, through drying, and to pulverize by the aperture be 1 centimetre sieve.The consumption of grass straw main C/N ratio and rice field leakage size according to careless straw.Grass straw C/N is big more, the paddy field water either seepage is big more, and the amount of application of careless straw is big more, and vice versa.
Spread fertilizer over the fields the selection of careless straw time, be meant when used careless straw C/N ratio is 30～50, can before shoot transplanting equipment, use, when selecting for use careless straw C/N than less than 30, or greater than 15 o'clock, spread fertilizer over the fields after should and living at shoot transplanting equipment.Increase careless straw application times and amount of application in case of necessity and be meant that after careless straw spread fertilizer over the fields suffer from heavy rain, paddy field water either has formed runoff.
Technical thought of the present invention is:
1, reduce by force on the top layer, rice field, after paddy rice is planted and lives, forms strong reduction zone on the top layer, rice field, utilizes strong reduction zone to suppress the sprouting of weeds, reaches the purpose that reduces weeds in paddy field incidence and generating capacity.
2, the control water layer should keep certain water layer on the top layer, rice field, the last ridge of the water surface can't occur exceeding.
3, select careless straw, select the easily careless straw of degraded of microorganism, and select suitable consumption, rice field to spread fertilizer over the fields and want evenly.
Major technique effect of the present invention:
1, weeds in paddy field generating capacity and incidence have been reduced.Can reduce the weeds generating capacity more than 85%, reduce the weeds incidence more than 87%;
2, reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss.At paddy growth in earlier stage, paddy rice nitrogen phosphorus absorptive amount is less, and water-soluble nitrogen phosphorus loses with current easily in the rice field, adopts the careless straw rice practice, can effectively reduce rice field nitrogen phosphorus runoff in early stage loss.
3, reduce rate of fertilizer.Adopt the careless straw rice practice, can reduce 40% of long thick fertilizer or the positive usual amounts of ear manuer.
4, improve the soil.The careless straw rice of long-term employing makes method and can improve soil organic matter content, improves the soil physics structure, increases soil fertilizer and moisture holding capacity.
5, saving cost increases economic efficiency.Adopt present technique, may reduce labor 2-3, save cost 40-60 unit.
The specific embodiment of the invention
The enforcement time: 2003
Implement the place: Siyuan Organic Agriculture Co., Ltd. Nanjing (Baima town, Lishui County, Nanjing Zhu Jiabian)
Embodiment: implement to divide three processing, (1) contrast, i.e. conventional method, (2) careless straw consumption 100g/m
2, (3) careless straw consumption 200g/m
2, sub-district area 50m
2, repeat twice, the sub-district randomized arrangement.Concrete operations are: paddy rice was planted preceding 3 days, will be through coarse crushing, and the preceding stubble stalk (beanstalk class) by the 1mm aperture sieve is sprinkling upon the surface, field, go up then that water is shallow to revolve (3-5 centimetre), after 2-3 days, rice transplanting, each is handled by waiting nutrient requirement, and appropriate supplement is executed the organic commercial fertilizer material, and other manages same conventional method.Grass straw rice practice processing method is as follows:
1, rice field: require the rice field smooth, the field face discrepancy in elevation is 6-10 centimetre, promptly when the water layer of 10 centimetres of left and right sides of field face maintenance, the native ridge of the water surface should not occur exceeding; Require paddy field water either day percolation rate to be lower than 1-2 centimetre simultaneously;
2, select large spike high-yield rice kind for use: select large spike, disease-resistant, resistant to lodging and late-maturing kind for use, as: two excellent trainings nine, two excellent 108 etc.
3, select careless straw: careless straw are the residual body of preceding crop, and as beanstalk, weeds, wheat, corn stalk or the like, after careless straw were collected, through drying, and to pulverize by the aperture be 1 centimetre sieve.Select C/N than the careless straw that are 15～50, careless straw amount of application is at 50-300 gram/M
2The consumption of grass straw main C/N ratio and rice field leakage size according to careless straw.Grass straw C/N is big more, the paddy field water either seepage is big more, and the amount of application of careless straw is big more, and vice versa.
4, select to spread fertilizer over the fields the careless straw time: spread fertilizer over the fields the careless straw time for before seedling growing, carrying out in one month after the work; When used careless straw C/N ratio is 30～50, can before shoot transplanting equipment, use, when selecting for use careless straw C/N than less than 30, or greater than 15 o'clock, spread fertilizer over the fields after should and living at shoot transplanting equipment.If spread fertilizer over the fields at twice, then answer for the first time in time of above-mentioned requirements and carry out, carried out in back ten days using for the first time for the second time.After careless straw spread fertilizer over the fields, suffer from heavy rain, when having formed runoff, paddy field water either increases careless straw application times and amount of application.
5, spread fertilizer over the fields method: adopt the method for manually spreading fertilizer over the fields, spread fertilizer over the fields evenly;
6, science Guan Shui: adopt careless straw rice to do the rice field of method management of weeds, plant the branch bark of a cork tree later stage, keep the water layer of 3～5 centimetres in field face, divide the bark of a cork tree later stage to note putting the field once in 2 days, note doing wet wet alternate later in paddy rice.
Implementation result: investigation in the 20th day behind the seedling growing, control treatment weeds generating capacity is: 105g/m
2, and adopt " the careless straw rice practice " can obviously reduce generating capacity and the incidence of weeds, and compared with the control, to handle average weeds generating capacity for two to have descended more than 85%, incidence reduces more than 87%.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of careless straw rice makes the weed control method, it is characterized in that:
A) rice field: require the rice field smooth, the field face discrepancy in elevation is 6～10 centimetres, requires paddy field water either day percolation rate to be lower than 1～2 centimetre simultaneously;
B) select large spike high-yield rice kind for use: select for use grain number per spike greater than 200 large spike, disease-resistant, resistant to lodging and reach late-maturing kind more than 150 days the time of infertility;
C) careless straw: select C/N than the careless straw that are 15～50, careless straw amount of application is at 50-300 gram/M
2
D) select to spread fertilizer over the fields the time: the time of spreading fertilizer over the fields carries out in a period of time after the work before seedling growing; If spread fertilizer over the fields at twice, then answer for the first time in time of above-mentioned requirements and carry out, carried out in back ten days using for the first time for the second time;
E) spread fertilizer over the fields method: adopt the method for manually spreading fertilizer over the fields, but require to spread fertilizer over the fields evenly;
F) science Guan Shui: plant the branch bark of a cork tree later stage in paddy rice, keep the water layer of 3～5 centimetres in field face, divide the bark of a cork tree later stage to note putting the field once in 2 days, do wet wet alternate later on.
2, make the weed control method according to the described a kind of careless straw rice of claim 1, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned careless straw, be meant the residual body of preceding crop, as beanstalk, weeds, wheat, corn stalk, after careless straw were collected, through drying, and to pulverize by the aperture be 1 centimetre sieve;
3, make the weed control method according to claim 1 or 2 described a kind of careless straw rice, it is characterized in that: the selection of spreading fertilizer over the fields the careless straw time, be meant when used careless straw C/N ratio is 30～50, before shoot transplanting equipment, use, when selecting for use careless straw C/N ratio less than 30, or, spread fertilizer over the fields at shoot transplanting equipment and after living greater than 15 o'clock.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2005100403573A CN1695433A (en) | 2005-06-02 | 2005-06-02 | Method for preventing and removing weed of grass stalk in rice crop |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNA2005100403573A CN1695433A (en) | 2005-06-02 | 2005-06-02 | Method for preventing and removing weed of grass stalk in rice crop |
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| CN1695433A true CN1695433A (en) | 2005-11-16 |
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| CNA2005100403573A Pending CN1695433A (en) | 2005-06-02 | 2005-06-02 | Method for preventing and removing weed of grass stalk in rice crop |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102939878A (en) * | 2012-10-09 | 2013-02-27 | 延边高丽有机大米开发有限公司 | Method for cultivating rice |
| CN105850615A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2016-08-17 | 宁海县农业技术推广总站 | Rice planting method |
| CN107439081A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-08 | 丹阳市珥陵镇嘉仙果蔬专业合作社 | A kind of tomato continuous cultivation method based on strong reduction soil restoring technology |
| CN107896877A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-04-13 | 钦州学院 | Method for reducing and controlling losses of nitrogen and phosphorus of rice after applicating liquid fertilizer composite fertilizer |
| CN114532125A (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-05-27 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Method for reducing harm of weeds in rice field |
-
2005
- 2005-06-02 CN CNA2005100403573A patent/CN1695433A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102939878A (en) * | 2012-10-09 | 2013-02-27 | 延边高丽有机大米开发有限公司 | Method for cultivating rice |
| CN105850615A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2016-08-17 | 宁海县农业技术推广总站 | Rice planting method |
| CN105850615B (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2018-12-18 | 宁海县农业技术推广总站 | A kind of paddy rice planting method |
| CN107439081A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-08 | 丹阳市珥陵镇嘉仙果蔬专业合作社 | A kind of tomato continuous cultivation method based on strong reduction soil restoring technology |
| CN107896877A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-04-13 | 钦州学院 | Method for reducing and controlling losses of nitrogen and phosphorus of rice after applicating liquid fertilizer composite fertilizer |
| CN114532125A (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-05-27 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Method for reducing harm of weeds in rice field |
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