CN1693737A - Mochanical versible speed changer - Google Patents

Mochanical versible speed changer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1693737A
CN1693737A CN 200410038900 CN200410038900A CN1693737A CN 1693737 A CN1693737 A CN 1693737A CN 200410038900 CN200410038900 CN 200410038900 CN 200410038900 A CN200410038900 A CN 200410038900A CN 1693737 A CN1693737 A CN 1693737A
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speed
clutch
change lever
eccentric
stepless
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CN 200410038900
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王树春
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Abstract

The invention relates to a new type mechanism variable speed unit that installs arc block low one way overrunning clutch combination structure on the variable eccentric crank rocker mechanism. Then, according to certain difference of phase angle paralleling to form variable speed mechanism connecting in series with planet accelerating gear, turning mechanism, safe clutch to form mechanical variable speed unit. The invention does not use clutch and hydrodynamic machine, and transfers power constantly. The efficiency on ship is 0.87, while on automobile is 0.85. It is a ideal new type mechanism variable speed unit on vehicle and ship.

Description

A kind of new mechanical stepless speed variator
Friction type stepless speed changer belongs to the higher pair contact, and transmitting torque is little, and the life-span is low [1], only be used in general occasion.
CVT, AMT are state-of-the-art stepless transmission and organic formula automatic speed changer for machine on the automobile, owing to use hydrodynamic unit, its efficient, gear range, performance, structure are desirable not enough, and consumption is limited so far [2]
The method for changing speed on naval vessel is basic identical with the method for changing speed of general automobile, and different is that it uses speed reducer with high transmission ratio.For making host work on rated power, must be correct select main frame and propeller cavitation for use, make both characteristic curves couplings on normal speed of a ship or plane operation point [11]Change the speed of a ship or plane, can only change firing rate, main engine power is changed.Want to make host work on rated power, should adopt mechanical stepless transmission.This paper design studies a kind of new mechanical stepless speed variator.
1. basic structure
As shown in Figure 1, it is to be composed in series by stepless speed changing mechanism, planet speed increasing mechanism, changement, safety clutch 13.
Crankrocker mechanism revolute pair size is enlarged, then become eccentric mechanism, when can handing over, eccentric arm then becomes to become the eccentric mechanism slotted link mechanism, refill the arc block type lower pair overrun clutch and form combined mechanism, again combined mechanism is connected in parallel on input shaft 1 and the jack shaft 3 by certain phase angle difference, then becomes stepless speed changing mechanism.
Between input shaft 1 and speed change lever 2, key 19 is arranged, both can only be relatively moved and can not relatively rotate, on plan view speed change lever 2, have and horizontal angle≤from 8 skewed slots of the locking angle, slide block 18 in the skewed slot is contained in circle wheel 16 respectively and becomes in the eccentrically mounted weight 4, on 4 pairs of parallel surfaces of input shaft 1,8 slotted holes are arranged longitudinally, but by packing slide block 18 and longitudinally move for it space is provided in the slotted hole down fold into.The position at speed change lever 2 places change eccentric arm is zero in Fig. 1, and all on the center line of speed change lever 2, jack shaft 3 does not rotate the barycenter of circle wheel 16 and change eccentrically mounted weight 4.When speed change lever 2 moves to right, because the oblique difference of skewed slot promotes slide block 18 and makes circle wheel 16 and become eccentrically mounted weight 4, each outwards scatters mobile along the parallel surface on the input shaft 1, the distance that its barycenter moves is to become eccentric arm, opposite sign but equal magnitude, and output shaft 12 rotating speeds increase.When speed change lever 2 moves to left again, above-mentioned reverse movement, output shaft 12 rotating speeds reduce.
If combined mechanism quantity is even number Z, its phase angle difference is 2 π/Z.Keyway and key 19 when Z＞4 on speed change lever 2 are segmentations, so that avoid this locational skewed slot.
The center of close speed change lever 2 be to make every effort to bottom the skewed slot with slide block 18, the close as far as possible round wheel 16 of active force of slide block 18 and the barycenter of change eccentrically mounted weight 4 made.
In becoming eccentric mechanism slotted link mechanism simplified schematic Fig. 2, the length BC of connecting rod 1 be with AB when maximum and CD be the distance between two point of contacts on the outside common tangent of two circles of radius.
The specification of this new mechanical stepless speed variator is divided by peak torque, and versatility is good.When the torque of output shaft during greater than the nominal torque of safety clutch 13, it can skid, the protection free wheel device.
2. average ratios
If be a combined mechanism in Fig. 1, input shaft 1 is goed around, rocking bar 11 swing β angle (not marking among the figure), then its average ratios [1]: i p=n 1/ n 2=2 π/β
Being located at combined mechanism quantity arranged side by side in the stepless speed changing mechanism is even number Z (Z=4 in Fig. 1), they are not to work simultaneously, certain instantaneous rocking bar 11 first transmitting torque that have only the angular velocity maximum on driving direction, and overlapping successively carrying out make the effective angle f obliquity β of each combined mechanism z＜β reduces the period velocity fluctuating range, its average ratios: i Pz=n 1/ n 2=2 π/Z β z
For the transmission specific energy that makes mechanical stepless transmission less than 1, at velocity ratio i of the back of stepless speed changing mechanism polyphone z＜Z β zThe planet speed increasing mechanism of/2 π, the velocity ratio dilatation of giving stepless speed changing mechanism.Then: i P is total=i PzI 2
I when eccentric arm is maximum P is total＜1; I when eccentric arm approaches zero P is totalBe infinitely great.
3. estimate, compare the efficient of three kinds of speed changers
3.1 the efficient of mechanical stepless transmission
From the key dimension and special parameter table of existing unidirectional wedge-typed overrunning clutch, can find the numerical value that surmounts resistance distance and commentaries on classics distance allowable, both are compared the former can ignore [3], this numerical value also is applicable to the arc block type lower pair overrun clutch.
The efficiency value of mechanism and kinematic pair is all taken off limit.
Combined mechanism has 4 revolute pairs, owing to be in parallel only by a combined mechanism calculating, so the efficient of stepless speed changing mechanism is (0.98) 4.
The efficient of planet speed increasing mechanism is 0.98.
In the changement of Fig. 1, when top jaw clutch 7 disconnects, when following jaw clutch 7 is connected, transmission line by axle 8 through gear 9 (3) to live axle 12, be forward, efficient is (0.98) 3When the connection of jaw clutch 7 and disconnection were opposite with the front, it was that oppositely its efficient is (0.98) 5 through gear 6 (2), 9 to output shaft 12 that the drive line routing line increases output shaft 5.
The mechanical stepless transmission total efficiency:
η Always (forward)=(0.98) 4* 0.98 * (0.98) 3=0.85; η Always (oppositely)=(0.98) 4* 0.98 * (0.98) 5=0.81
The mechanical stepless transmission of Fig. 1 is applicable to various automobiles, ship, warship.
Remove the planet speed increasing mechanism among Fig. 1, jack shaft 3 is increased output shaft 5 with row link up, the mechanical stepless transmission of being made up of stepless speed changing mechanism and changement and safety clutch 13 is applicable to warship, ship.Its efficient:
η Always (forward)=(0.98) 4* (0.98) 3=0.87 η Always (oppositely)=(0.98) 4* (0.98) 5=0.83
Become the eccentric mechanism slotted link mechanism owing to adopt, resiliently deformable is influential to efficient, and eccentric arm is very little when particularly just having started, and efficient is very low.But, compare it with total working time and can ignore fully owing to quicken rapidly and the time weak point that slows down used.
3.2 the efficient of step type automatic speed changer for machine (AMT) [4]
With red flag CA7560 car automatic transmission is that example is calculated.
Fluid power hands over the efficient of square device to change with velocity ratio is different, and its peak efficiency value reaches 85～87%, takes off and is limited to 0.85; The efficient of straight retaining clutch is 0.98; Planetary reducer efficient is 0.98.
1) bottom gear total efficiency mean value≤0.85 * 0.98 * (0.98) 2=0.80 resultant gear ratio i=1.72～4.2.
2) top gear total efficiency mean value≤0.85 * 0.98 * 0.98=0.81 resultant gear ratio i=1～2.45.
3) reverse gear total efficiency mean value≤0.85 * 0.98 * 0.98=0.81 resultant gear ratio i=2.39～5.85.
3.3 naval vessel transmission efficiency
It is to be in series by fluid coupling and changement and secondary gear reducer [5]
The efficient of fluid coupling changes with velocity ratio is different, and its peak efficiency value reaches 95～98%, takes off and is limited to 0.95 [6]
Jaw clutch in Fig. 1 changement 7 is changed into friction clutch, and another disconnection when connecting with one of hydraulic control then becomes changement peculiar to vessel, and forward and reverse transmission efficiency is calculated identical with the front [7]Friction clutch efficient is 0.98; Its efficient of secondary gear reducer is (0.98) 5
Forward total efficiency mean value≤0.95 * (0.98) 4* (0.98) 5=0.79
Reverse total efficiency mean value≤0.95 * (0.98) 6* (0.98) 5=0.76
By relatively finding out that mechanical stepless transmission is most effective.
4. the adjusting of mechanical stepless transmission period velocity fluctuation
1) effect of flywheel is to regulate the engine cycle speed fluctuation, meets the demands at some multi-cylinder engine medium velocity nonuniformity coefficient δ, there is no need to add flywheel in theory again [8], to be the necessary kinetic energy of turning crankshaft but can put aside in order starting, and to prevent to engage the clutch that internal-combustion engine is flame-out, so in multi-cylinder engine, also often add a little flywheel.
When 2) doing power, require the internal combustion (IC) engine cylinder number identical with combined mechanism quantity Z with internal-combustion engine.At bent axle and input shaft [1] when being connected, the eccentric arm position on the bent axle with become the eccentric arm position and become 180/Z degree phase angle difference, fluctuating range is reduced, δ reduces.
3) under the identical situation of combined mechanism quantity, the δ when doing power and do power than with internal-combustion engine with gas turbine is little.
4) the same periodic speed fluctuation regulating action that rises of their quality of automobile or ship with flywheel.
5. the balance of mechanical stepless transmission
5.1 inertia equilibrium of forces [9]
The quality of establishing circle wheel 1, connecting rod 2, rocking bar 4 in Fig. 2 is respectively m 1, m 2, m 3, its barycenter is respectively at B, E, D place.Be balance, with the barycenter m of connecting rod 2 2Concentrate on two quality m of 2 of B, C respectively 2B.m 2CReplace.Obtain by the quality method of speparation of variable:
m 2B＝m 2·L CE/L BC??????m 2C＝m 2·L BE/L BC
B ' locates (getting AB=AB ') and adds one and become the lumped mass m that eccentrically mounted weight 6 comes balance B to order on the BA elongation line then 1, m 2B, make barycenter move to stationary axle A place.The weight that then becomes eccentrically mounted weight 6 is Q 1:
(m 1+m 2B)·L AB＝L AB′·Q 1/g????Q 1＝(m 1+m 2B)g＝m′g
In like manner C ' locates (getting CD=DC ') and adds a counterweight 5 on the CD elongation line, makes its barycenter move to stationary axle D place.Then the weight of counterweight 5 is Q 2:
(m 3+m 2C)·L CD＝L C′D·Q 2/g????Q 2＝(m 3+m 2C)g＝m″·g
Adding weight Q 1, Q 2Can think that afterwards A, D point concentrated two quality m respectively AAnd m D, and
m A＝m 1+m 2B+m′???m B＝m 3+m 2C+m″
Thereby the total barycenter F of mechanism should be positioned at an immovable point on the AD line, and L AF: L FD=m D: m A
Owing to hand over the total barycenter F of eccentric mechanism slotted link mechanism to maintain static, i.e. a F=0, the eccentric arm size is irrelevant with becoming, and mechanism inertia force is balance.
5.2 the balance of couple
Fig. 1, the change eccentric arm opposite sign but equal magnitude of two circle wheels 16 on A-A, E-E section, two equilibrium of couples.
The change eccentric arm opposite sign but equal magnitude of two circle wheels 16 on C-C, G-G section, two equilibrium of couples.
5.3 non-complete symmetrical mechanism balance
At Fig. 1, when input shaft 1 rotates, become two rocking bars 11 of 180 ° of eccentric arm phase differences, the angular velocity direction of swing is just in time opposite sometimes, the mutual balance of its inertial force, but because mechanism is not that complete symmetric arrangement can only be a partial offset.
6. mechanical characteristic emulation
In Fig. 2, AB is L 1=10mm, (when becoming the eccentric arm maximum); BC is L 2=22.6495mm; CD is L 3=250mm; AD is L 4=330mm; Input power N=1000Kw; ω 1=1256; Total efficiency η Always=0.85; The nominal torque M of safety clutch 13 Volume=5000Nm; The planet gear speeder velocity ratio
i OK=0.1.
θ 1Be independent variable, in the input interested party equation [9], can obtain θ 2, θ 3, ω 3And run a curve.
In Fig. 3, black thick line makes the angular velocity omega of jack shaft 3 when being 4 combined mechanism work 3Change curve.Use Fibonacci method, can find ω 3maxAnd overlapping ω 3min, its mean value ω 3p=(ω Max+ ω Min)/2, behind the planet speed increasing mechanism, the mean angular velocity ω of output shaft 12 4p=10 ω 3p
Torque M=the 9550N/n=9550 of output shaft 12 * 1000 * 0.85 * π/30 ω 4p=850062.6122/ ω 4pNm.
With becoming eccentric arm L 1Obtain relevant numerical value for independent variable, list table 1 and draw mechanical characteristic Fig. 4.
7. conclusion
When 1) speed change lever among Fig. 12 and shift fork 14 being used motivational drive, then become a kind of new automatic type mechanical stepless transmission.
2) free wheel device is made into lower pair by higher pair and raise the efficiency, transmit and change, can realize design infinite life apart from unrestricted [10]
3) rapid axial pulling speed change lever can make automobile, warship, ship that good acceleration and decelerability are arranged.
4) pave the way for the application of high-speed fuel gas turbine and plane repacking [8]
5) can make automobile, warship, ship that good economic, cornering ability, rideability, environmental-protecting performance are arranged [2], to compare with the fast device of existing change (subtracting), it is a kind of new mechanical stepless speed variator.
A kind of novel mechanism's stepless speed variator of Fig. 1
1 input shaft, 5 row increase output shaft 9 gears 13 safety clutches 17 connecting rods
2 speed change levers, 6 gears, 10 counterweights, 14 shift forks, 18 slide blocks
3 jack shafts, 7 jaw clutches, 11 rocking bars, 15 extension springs, 19 keys
4 become 8 12 output shafts of eccentrically mounted weight, 16 circle wheels
Fig. 2 becomes eccentric mechanism slotted link mechanism rough schematic view
1-connecting rod 2-circle wheel 3-bearing pin
4-rocking bar 5-counterweight 6 becomes eccentrically mounted weight
The ω of each combined mechanism of Fig. 3 3Curve
Fig. 4 mechanical characteristic
Table 1
??L 1(mm) ??ω 3max ??ω 3min ??ω 3p ??ω 4p ??M(N·m)
??10 ??50.2224 ??35.5726 ??42.8975 ??428.9750 ??1981.61341
??9 ??45.2075 ??32.0158 ??38.6117 ??386.1165 ??2201.57028
??8 ??40.1912 ??28.4589 ??34.3251 ??343.2505 ??2476.50801
??7 ??35.1734 ??24.9020 ??30.0377 ??300.3770 ??2829.9857
??6 ??30.1539 ??21.3448 ??25.7494 ??257.4935 ??3301.2974
??5 ??25.1328 ??17.7876 ??21.4602 ??214.6020 ??3961.1123
??4 ??20.1099 ??14.2302 ??17.1701 ??171.7005 ??4950.8453
??3 ??15.0852 ??10.6728 ??12.8790 ??128.7900 ??6600.3775
??2 ??10.0587 ??7.1152 ??8.5870 ??85.8695 ??9899.4709
Reference;
[1] Ruan Zhongtang. mechanical stepless transmission [M]. Beijing Machinery Industry publishing house, 1983.9,479～481
[2] mistake is learned fast. automatic gearbox [M]. and Beijing Machinery Industry publishing house, 2000.1～5,4～5
[3] Xu Hao. mechanical design handbook Volume Four [M]. Beijing Machinery Industry publishing house, 1998.29～313
[4] Zang Jie. automatic gearbox maintenance training study course [M]. Beijing Machinery Industry publishing house, 2002.43
[5] Zhang Junmai. naval vessel turbine [M]. Beijing National Defense Industry Press, 1992.183
[6] Zhan Chengsong. hydraulic pressure and hydraudynamic drive [M]. the .1982.281 of Beijing China Railway Press～283
[7] Cheng Guorui. Ship Power Equipment principle [M]. Beijing people's traffic publishing house, 2001.56
[8] Wu Zhaohan. internal combustion (IC) Engine Design [M]. Beijing publishing house of Beijing Institute of Technology, 1990.119,281
[9] Sun Huan. Der Grundsatz der Maschinen [M]. Beijing Higher Education Publishing House, 1995.556～558
[10] Qu Xiuquan. arc block type lower pair overrun clutch [J.]. Zhengzhou Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering's mechanical transmission 2002 the 26th volume the 2nd phase .76～78
[11] Guo Zhengju. gas turbine Design of Automatic Control System [M] Beijing Machinery Industry publishing house 1986.294～295

Claims (8)

1 mechanical stepless transmission is to load onto the arc block type lower pair overrun clutch at change eccentric mechanism slotted link mechanism to form combined mechanism, again it is composed in series with planet speed increasing mechanism, changement, safety clutch [13] by certain phase angle difference and after being linked to be stepless speed changing mechanism, it is characterized in that also can removing the planet speed increasing mechanism, be composed in series a kind of new mechanical stepless speed variator by stepless speed changing mechanism and changement and safety clutch [13].
2 change eccentric mechanism slotted link mechanisms according to claim 1 is characterized in that as becoming shown in the eccentric mechanism slotted link mechanism rough schematic view, and the length BC of connecting rod [1] is to be the distance between two point of contacts on the outside common tangent of two circles of radius with AB and CD.
3 stepless speed changing mechanisms according to claim 1 is characterized in that between input shaft [1] and the speed change lever [2] key [19] being arranged; Shown in plan view in the mechanical stepless transmission structural representation, have on the speed change lever [2] and horizontal angle≤from the flat skewed slot of the locking angle, slide block in skewed slot [18] is contained in circle wheel [16] respectively and becomes in the eccentrically mounted weight [4], corresponding slide block [18] is located on each parallel surface of input shaft [1], and a slotted hole is longitudinally all arranged.
4 stepless speed changing mechanisms according to claim 2, it is characterized in that shown in plan view in the mechanical stepless transmission structural representation, speed change lever [2] goes up because the oblique difference of skewed slot, promoting slide block [18] makes circle wheel [16] and becomes eccentrically mounted weight [4], each outwards scatters mobile along input shaft [1] parallel surface, the distance that its barycenter moves is to become eccentric arm, opposite sign but equal magnitude.
5 stepless speed changing mechanisms according to claim 3 is characterized in that the change eccentric arm opposite sign but equal magnitude as two on A-A, the E-E section in mechanical stepless transmission structural representation circle wheels [16], two equilibrium of couples; The change eccentric arm opposite sign but equal magnitude of two the circle wheels [16] on C-C, G-G section, two equilibrium of couples; Reason according to this is as long as combined mechanism is that the even numbers couple just can balance.
6 to establish combined mechanism quantity be even number Z, and its phase angle difference is 2 π/Z, and keyway and key [19] when Z＞4 on speed change lever [2] are segmentations, so that avoid this locational skewed slot.
7 changements according to claim 1 is characterized in that cooperating with speed change lever [2] with shift fork [14], and after a jaw clutch [7] was all thrown off, another jaw clutch [7] just began to embed.
8 planet speed increasing mechanisms according to claim 1 is characterized in that deciding its velocity ratio by the suitable gear range of mechanical stepless transmission.
CN 200410038900 2004-05-08 2004-05-08 Mochanical versible speed changer Pending CN1693737A (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013075385A1 (en) * 2011-11-24 2013-05-30 Huang Zhenqiang Novel clutch and automatic gearbox
CN103963634A (en) * 2013-02-05 2014-08-06 本田技研工业株式会社 Power transmission device for vehicle
CN104074938A (en) * 2013-03-29 2014-10-01 本田技研工业株式会社 Continuously variable transmission
CN104179944A (en) * 2013-05-27 2014-12-03 本田技研工业株式会社 Power transmission device used for vehicle
CN104763786A (en) * 2014-01-08 2015-07-08 本田技研工业株式会社 Stepless transmission
CN104930181A (en) * 2014-03-20 2015-09-23 本田技研工业株式会社 Continuously variable transmission
CN105697708A (en) * 2016-03-11 2016-06-22 湘潭大学 Novel mechanical stepless speed change device
CN115285276A (en) * 2022-08-10 2022-11-04 八方电气(苏州)股份有限公司 Stepless speed change mechanism

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013075385A1 (en) * 2011-11-24 2013-05-30 Huang Zhenqiang Novel clutch and automatic gearbox
CN103963634A (en) * 2013-02-05 2014-08-06 本田技研工业株式会社 Power transmission device for vehicle
CN103963634B (en) * 2013-02-05 2016-09-07 本田技研工业株式会社 Power transmission apparatus for vehicle
CN104074938B (en) * 2013-03-29 2016-08-17 本田技研工业株式会社 Buncher
CN104074938A (en) * 2013-03-29 2014-10-01 本田技研工业株式会社 Continuously variable transmission
CN104179944A (en) * 2013-05-27 2014-12-03 本田技研工业株式会社 Power transmission device used for vehicle
CN104179944B (en) * 2013-05-27 2016-08-17 本田技研工业株式会社 Power transmission apparatus for vehicle
CN104763786A (en) * 2014-01-08 2015-07-08 本田技研工业株式会社 Stepless transmission
CN104763786B (en) * 2014-01-08 2017-11-14 本田技研工业株式会社 Buncher
CN104930181A (en) * 2014-03-20 2015-09-23 本田技研工业株式会社 Continuously variable transmission
CN104930181B (en) * 2014-03-20 2017-04-12 本田技研工业株式会社 Continuously variable transmission
CN105697708A (en) * 2016-03-11 2016-06-22 湘潭大学 Novel mechanical stepless speed change device
CN115285276A (en) * 2022-08-10 2022-11-04 八方电气(苏州)股份有限公司 Stepless speed change mechanism
CN115285276B (en) * 2022-08-10 2023-06-02 八方电气(苏州)股份有限公司 Stepless speed change mechanism

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