CN1688830A

CN1688830A - Constant velocity universal joint with less axles and can bend a greater angle

Info

Publication number: CN1688830A
Application number: CNA038154323A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 潘国华
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2002-08-28
Filing date: 2003-08-21
Publication date: 2005-10-26
Also published as: WO2004020859A1; AU2003256445A1

Abstract

The present subject-matter provides a constant velocity universal joint (CVUJ) with less axles, from 4 minimized into 3, and its bearings from ordinary 8 into 4 or even less to minimize the work of maintenance, and this joint can bend and angle from ordinary 45 degrees into 60 or even more to let the driven wheel of a car can turn more for easier parking or running in a narrow crowded roads when compared with the existing one of Double Cardan CVUJ. The subject-matter is based on the principle of ordinary universal joints with hinges and not rolling upon steel balls. It comprises an in-put shaft hinged to its yoke through one axis, and an out-put shaft also hinged to its yoke through another axis, and these two yokes (13) were combined together by only one axis position (not the traditional two axes), perpendicular to that two yoke axes like a cross, so that this combined axis will bend just like the angle bisector of that two shafts to maintain its constant velocity by a few methods, firstly, by using a section of gear teeth mesh at both ends of the shafts' teeth were so polished so that it can turn longitudinally as usual gear, and also sideways, to provide a larger solid angle of turning from ordinary 45 degrees into 60 or even more.

Description

Have the less constant velocity turning joint that also can turn to than wide-angle

The purpose of this invention is to provide constant velocity turning joint (CVUJ), it has less axle, reduce to 3 from 4, and 8 of its bearings from ordinary reduce to 4 or still less, to reduce maintenance work, and the angle that this joint can turn to is increased to 60 degree or more from 45 common degree, with more than 10 years before compare at the existing Double Cardan constant velocity turning joint of U.S. invention, this can make the wheel that is driven of automobile stop or easier turning to during in narrow crowded travels down, to such an extent as to and too big oversize can not being installed on this axle of taking turns (line) of the constant velocity turning joint of Double Cardan, can only be used for trailing wheel, and existing Rzebba constant-velocity joint polishes its 12 seat ring tracks when making and keep in repair, too complicated when housing and 6 balls.The present invention comprises less part, can turn to bigger angle, and cost is low.

Constant velocity turning joint of the present invention (CVUJ) is based on the principle of the common universal joint with hinge, rather than rolls on steel ball.It comprises the input shaft that is connected in its trestle by an axis hinge, with the output shaft that is connected in its trestle by another root axis also hinge, and these two trestles only are combined in together by the axial location (not being two axis traditionally) perpendicular to two trestle axles that look like cross, thereby the axis of this combination turns to as the angular bisector of these two axles, to keep its constant speed by a few method, at first, the part of wheel tooth at the two ends by will being engaged on axle is finished to and makes that it can be as the vertical rotation of ordinary gear, and can lateral rotation, so that the bigger solid angle that turns to be provided, become 60 degree or bigger from 45 common degree, and second method is that these two axles are connected with spring rod, utilize the power of working angle to equal the principle of the power at reaction angle, the input and output axle is rotated with the speed that equates, the third method, utilize any existing method, comprise that the pipe that is closed with ball turns at a certain angle to realize angular bisector.The axis of described axle can be articulated in its trestle with direct selling or latch, or slide along the curved surface of metal ring, realize same principle, but just be articulated in slip ring, wherein the common hinge of this combination also is used as the hinge of trestle, therefore, two bushing bearings are enough to be used in this triaxial hinge, compare with the Rzebba constant-velocity joint of six Metal Ball of any mechanical purposes before existing Double Cardan constant velocity turning joint and more than ten years, make that it is the constant velocity turning joint with simple form of less part.

For the history and the background of constant velocity turning joint invention clearly are described, can be with reference to the schematic representation of figure 1 and Fig. 2; Wherein, point out at first page, universal joint can be divided into two classes according to divertical motion, one class is by from the teeth outwards or the slip on the roller, and another kind of be rotation by the pin hinge, just as the heavy door of safe deposit box can be closed by enough finger pieces, because it is hinged by a pin 1, this pin 1 is supported by the lining or the bearing 2 of oiling, and safeguard easily and upgrade, those single or two universal joints as Hookes in 1700, but they have very big restriction for transmitting same angular rotational velocity, only in the scope about 15 degree, if greater than 40 degree, then output speed is than input shaft possible little 40%, and after rotating 90 degree, it may+40% bigger than input shaft, shown in the line 3 of Fig. 1 F, most of universal joints are when combining simultaneously, we need use retainer (holder) 4 to keep it, so that connector rod becomes two 5, as angular bisector, in addition, this output shaft can rotate any direction and the speed 6 same with chart F, therefore, in order to realize more stable output, two Cardan universal joints shown in Fig. 1 C were introduced in the automobile in 1900, the method 9 that its input trestle 7 usefulness are closed with the pipe of ball shown in it is incorporated into its output trestle 8, with angle separated time as two axles, so that keep its speed to equal the speed of chart F normal position O, and there is not the variation of angle fluctuation, but some wearing and tearing are arranged in bearing, therefore, some variations may take place shown in line 10, thereby make total quite big, quite long, and the present invention is combined into shown in Fig. 1 D and simplifies this pair of universal joint by the axle that connects trestle, be about to 11 and 12 and be combined into and have only a CY axle 13, and except with 9, can use the gear parts engagement systems as its angular bisector, two axles can be rotated greater than 60 degree.Fig. 1 E is the modification of Fig. 1 D simultaneously, 3 axles with simplification also is shown rather than schemes the same principle of 4 axles of C, can realize the function same with Fig. 1 D, still, only uses ring rather than the straight pin trestle axle by them.

In Fig. 2 A, the only surface slip 13 that joint is shown is quite weak, and therefore, the universal joint that is used for the nineteen twenty-six Tracta of the driven automobile of first front-wheel only can experience 10 years, because the power delivery efficiency is low.When nineteen twenty-three by the ball roller of Sweiss invention during as constant-velocity joint, its friction is less, but, its steering angle has only 35 degree, after several years, it is replaced by the Rzebba constant-velocity joint in the nineteen thirty-five invention, this joint is shown in Fig. 2 C, it has 12 seat ring tracks, to cut into engagement by housings close 6 steel balls within it, as its angular bisector, its front-wheel can rotate 45 degree, can be its oneself universal joint simultaneously, or with three ball pin universal joints, it can be used as expansion joint 14 near the joint of gearbox.Some french cars use the three ball pin universal joints that are engaged on three rounds in three finger pieces shown in 14,15 among Fig. 2 D, and it can reasonably rotate 40 degree.All said structures according to sliding ball or sliding roller, it need move about 40mm on seat ring track 16 when the maximum of wheel turns to, thereby, after certain mileage or undesirable pulsation, its seat ring track and housing because as the friction of 17 dust may be worn, in order to keep in repair, or with new replacing, or they are polished to the smooth track of broad, usually for example, become 40.16mm from 40mm, and reappose 6 all steel balls and polish to the steel ball 19 of these polished machines 18 in Fig. 2 E, on the track 15 and on the housing 20 in the new di that strengthens.Above-mentioned situation shows the present invention is based on the hinged principle of pin why, and this is because than the lining or the needle bearing that are easier to replace the oiling shown among Figure 1A 1 and 2, and it is Paint Gloss, has less friction, make easily, and therefore cost is low.

Fig. 1 of the next page (C, D, E) is the figure that amplifies, but attempts to illustrate length by length the relation between their axle, with and axle and bushing bearing how can be reduced, and how steering angle can become big mode.By combining with the trestle 13 that connects, and the use of two cross-shaped parts makes it quite big at two universal joints shown in Fig. 1 C, because 4+4=8 root axle and 8 bearings need spring 21 to compress ball seat 22.Before its ball was on the angular bisector, maximum rotation angle 50 degree can be from the end of its pipe.Compare with the present invention of Fig. 1 D, it connects trestle and can be removed, and two axles in its support can be simplified as the trestle axle of a combination, there are not two hollow cross-shaped parts shown in 11+12=13, and its two pairs of trestle bearings can be reduced to two latch hinge bush or bearing, simultaneously, total length between two trestle ends can shorten approximately half, as 23 among Fig. 1 C, 24 become 25 among Fig. 1 D, 26, if and used the wheel tooth engagement to replace pipe and ball tb, the bigger steering angle of 90 degree then could be applied.Wherein, Fig. 1 E illustrates the universal joint of simplifying more, the enough three same principle manufacturings of its energy, by all three axles are positioned at by the last one ring curved path, therefore have only the bushing bearing of 2 complete oilings to realize the function of 3 axles, comprise the steering angle of input trestle 7 and output trestle 8, simultaneously when it during along the curved surface slip of ring, it is the trestle axle work of a pair of combination, and can rotate shown in 13 more than 120 degree.

Wherein at Fig. 3 to Fig. 6, several angular bisectors that CVUJ of the present invention is shown how can work and Fig. 3 in its geometric path relation, it is depicted as the pipe what is combined in traditional closure ball at a two ends can not realize perfect angular bisector, be owing to two reasons, one is that ball will become flexible, when about 50 spend even from pipe, come out, therefore, its safe operating angle should be about 45 degree, and Another reason is, when its maximum angle, in triangle AOB, AO=OB, and ∠ a=∠ b, AC=CB, OC has, forming two equal triangles, one side to play two and equate motion any, but when ∠ a becomes hour, the projection AO1 of AO line on the AB of base becomes and is shorter than O1 B, and therefore, ∠ a1 is greater than ∠ b1, the motion that makes both sides is not 100% to equate, but still very approaches acceptable 95%.Simultaneously, in Fig. 4, one or more spring rods are shown how can be as the angular bisector of a power with the trestle axle 13 that keeps this combination, owing to must equal reaction force on the ∠ b at the active force on the ∠ a, and is the same with helical spring 28 types among Fig. 4 B.If moment forces is not too big, these angular bisector positions can be held.

The geometric position of the wheel tooth of the engagement type of about 10 teeth is best use positions in the round drive connection shown in Figure 5, simultaneously, only get that 3 teeth are enough to keep these 2 axles in firm position in the tooth of both sides of this shaft end, all the time have be in contact with one another at 2, as

position

29 and 30, Zu He trestle axle turns to center by this tooth simultaneously, no matter how another axle moves in B3 to B1 to B2 at B as shown in the figure, even move to B4,2 teeth meet herein, and 2 teeth of a position engagement are still arranged in C2.Shown in Figure 6, only 3 teeth are enough to remain 2 points (C and D or D1) and contact securely, remained on top or lower position (a is to B1) should import trestle axle A to B, 2 point of

contact

29 and 30 are arranged simultaneously, can realize the rotation of bigger angle, spend to 90 degree again to 120 degree from 60.At the profile line of in C, seeing from the front and among C2, seeing from the side shown in Fig. 6 C, be illustrated in the end tooth contact B end tooth on the A simultaneously,, keep 2 contacts securely mutually at relevant position engagement 90 degree.

Fig. 7 illustrates 3 universal joints with the gear combination, with be implemented in A be connected in its trestle input shaft angular bisector and to the angular bisector of another output shaft of this wheel shaft 27 of being connected in its trestle axle 13 at B, simultaneously, pass through the trestle axle 13 of this combination with 2 latches 28 of lining or needle bearing sealing, the right side is will be connected in gear-box than long axle by slip joint, wherein is provided with some oil 32 that rubber seal 31 is used for lubricating with sealing therein.

Fig. 8 is the plan view of Fig. 7, see that by line 13 thrust washer (9) bearing is set at

axle

13,8 or goes up with the thin bearing 33 of needle roller, wherein total steering angle can be 90 degree, if and cut away some helix bights at 28 places, then could realize 120 bigger degree operating angles.

In Fig. 9, the application site of this universal joint is shown, when vehicle is 4 wheel drive, mainly be used near the wheel shaft of two front-wheels 34 or trailing wheel 35 or when rear driving, be used on the rear axle, front-wheel steer 60 degree also is shown among the figure makes most of automobiles can be very easy to stop and in narrow travels down, as in 36.

In Figure 10, how this constant velocity turning joint 37 makes up with other devices if being shown, in top graph A, this joint is very short, and the concrete size of any wheel axle can weld 38 thereon with it, simultaneously, opposite side can be clamped on the virtually any size of line shaft, simultaneously, and 39, whole axle can comprise three ball pin slip joint near gearbox, and the other end has specific wheel shaft.Simultaneously, in the universal joint of UJ3, comprise long expansion joint, keeping the present invention of any other type and size, as ring-like 42, or the spring bending type that mixes, so that this equipment to be installed.

In Figure 11, ring-like universal joint 42 is shown, wherein the two ends of input shaft and output shaft have one group of tooth in the engagement of ring center C, need some latches that are used for assembling 28 at the center, rotate input trestle axle 7 up and down by its two axle, screw wheel shaft 27 and expansion joint 30 simultaneously, as long as by sliding as the curved surface of the direction in 13 along ring, trestle can lateral rotation by the center C of its combination simultaneously.And provide the sectional view of seeing by line b-b1 for Figure 12, see in 43 that wherein the sectional view of ring is sealed by

trestle

7 and 8, and preferably, the lining that two pairs of thin oilings are installed is so that they are sealed, as 44,45.Wherein Figure 13 illustrates the ring how forked ratch 46,47 can slip into two pairs of trestles of sealing, and fully seals this ring when input end 7 and output terminal 8 are fastening by four latches 46.Be closed in wherein as Fig. 7 and Figure 11 Sealing 31 and lubricated part 32, its is running very smoothly.In Figure 14, the simple plan view A and the side view B of the compactness of this ring-like universal joint is shown, clearly, it can rotate very big angle, spends to 120 degree from 60 degree, 90.

Claims

1. constant-velocity joint is used for driver part is connected in and is driven parts so that co-rotation, and this driver part is around first rotation, and is driven parts around second rotation, this first and second can misalignment in a straight line, comprising:

Input shaft, it is articulated in trestle as first, and output shaft, it also is articulated in trestle as second, and these two trestles only need be hinged with a total hinge (rather than two hinges of traditional Double Cardan), and perpendicular to the hinge direction of two trestles, so that the angular bisector that axially can always remain these two axles that should have, method has:

At first by gear parts with several teeth with the two ends that are engaged on the axle that is supported on rectilinear direction, limiting and control this input shaft angle then makes it always equal output shaft, even can rotate in solid angle direction, change to 60 degree from 45 degree, or more, between two axles, transmit constant rotational velocity;

Simultaneously, second method is that these two axles are connected with spring or spring rod, equals the principle of the angle of output shaft with the reaction force of input shaft angle, makes input action equal output action on how much, so realizes constant speed;

Simultaneously, the third method is existing method, comprise the pipe that is closed with ball, ball is just in time slided within it, make the input shape equal to export shape on how much to realize constant speed, simultaneously all above-mentioned three kinds of methods can be categorized as by sell directly to households or latch is hinged three, as selling the articulated type constant-velocity joint directly to households, wherein its principle also is included in the another kind of structure, as:

These three trestle hinges can be installed on the curved surface of strong metal ring, wherein the center that should encircle is as the total axle in conjunction with two trestles, promptly move horizontally, with three kinds of top methods, as angular bisector in conjunction with two axles, restriction and control input shaft are to move up and down with the same angle of output shaft, to realize the constant speed power transmission as ring articulated type constant-velocity joint, wherein have only two visible hinges or bearing housing to be enough to realize the work of three shaft couplings, making it to compare with existing pair of Cardan constant-velocity joint, is the hinged constant-velocity joint of reduced form.

2. constant-velocity joint as claimed in claim 1, wherein a pair of thrust washer is arranged between the trestle face and axial plane in two hinge, and bearing or bearing housing are arranged in the total trestle hinge, so that maintenance more lubricating oil, to reduce the friction of hinge, and prolong its life-span, and in repairing, can change.

3. constant-velocity joint as claimed in claim 1, wherein trestle can manufacture and not be very thick so that can turn to bigger angle, and described tooth is polished them and can vertically meshes mutually as ordinary gear, and the smooth edges that polishing is little by little outstanding, it is more to enable lateral duction, turns to greater than 45 degree or bigger solid angle so that can realize.

4. constant-velocity joint as claimed in claim 1, wherein input shaft and output shaft are equipped with around two discs of axle, so that rubber cover to be installed, remain in the chamber to be implemented in whole lubricating grease in service.

5. constant-velocity joint as claimed in claim 1, its middle joint is mainly used in the foreign steamer that is connected in the semiaxis, the spigot that is connected in gearbox simultaneously can be same constant-velocity joint or three ball pin connectors or any applicable joint, in addition, big steering angle constant-velocity joint greater than 45 degree can be as the rear axle of the very big sport car of vibration, and also can be installed on the front-wheel, to obtain bigger steering angle.

6. with reference to the accompanying drawings the described constant-velocity joint of Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 basically.