CN1686784A - Hydrogen energy circulation method by using metal in height ratio surface area as carrier - Google Patents
Hydrogen energy circulation method by using metal in height ratio surface area as carrier Download PDFInfo
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- CN1686784A CN1686784A CN 200510011529 CN200510011529A CN1686784A CN 1686784 A CN1686784 A CN 1686784A CN 200510011529 CN200510011529 CN 200510011529 CN 200510011529 A CN200510011529 A CN 200510011529A CN 1686784 A CN1686784 A CN 1686784A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Abstract
The hydrogen energy circulation system by using metal with high specific surface area as carrier includes the following steps: (1) utilizing existent wet smelting technique to prepare energy storage metal with high specific surface area by using metal hydroxide so as to implement storage of electric energy; (2) utilizing material interchange station to implement interchange of energy storage metal and waste material; and (3). in the presence of catalyst making metal with high specific surface area and water implement reaction so as to produce waste material and hydrogen gas, in with the hydrogen gas can be provided for hydrogen energy consumption mechanism to use. The above-mentioned metal with high specific surface area can be metal aluminium or its alloy and metal magnesium or its alloy. Said invention can be used for matched equipment of hydrogen source car, fuel cell or other energy conversion system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hydrogen energy storage, conversion and circulation method using metal with high specific surface area as a carrier.
Background
Electric energy is the cleanest energy source in the use process in various energy sources at present, but the electric energy is greatly lost in the transmission process. The traditional electric energy storage mode of using the battery as main carrier, the electric energy of storing is limited on the one hand, and battery itself exists to be difficult to retrieve on the one hand, can cause serious pollution's problem to the environment. With the continuous development of hydrogen automobile, fuel cell and other technologies, hydrogen energy has the advantages of high heat value, no pollution after combustion and the like, so that the hydrogen energy becomes a very important alternative energy. However, the hydrogen storage and supply system always has the problems of easy leakage, easy explosion and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides a method for storing and circulating hydrogen energy by utilizing the chemical process that metal with high specific surface area reacts with water to generate gaseous hydrogen, and improves the safety of the hydrogen energy.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the hydrogen energy circulation method using the metal with high specific surface area as the carrier is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the existing hydrometallurgy technology is utilized to prepare the metal hydroxide into energy storage metal with high specific surface area, so as to realize the storage of electric energy;
(2) the exchange of the energy storage metal and the waste is realized by utilizing a substance exchange station;
(3) then the metal with high specific surface area reacts with water to generate waste and hydrogen under the action of a catalyst, wherein the hydrogen is used by a hydrogen energy consumption mechanism.
The metal with high specific surface area in the step (1) is metal powder, metal strip or foam metal.
The metal with high specific surface area is metallic aluminum or an alloy thereof, or metallic magnesium or an alloy thereof.
The mass ratio of the high specific surface area metal to the water in the step (3) is 1: 2-3.5.
The catalyst in the step (3) is weak alkaline or weak acidic salt or surfactant, and the concentration of the catalyst is 10 ppm-1000 ppm.
The hydrogen energy consuming mechanism is a hydrogen engine, a fuel cell or other matching devices of an energy conversion system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) is green and environment-friendly. In any process of the scheme, the influence on the environment is considered. According to the current technological level, the method does not cause any pollution to the environment.
(2) Is safe and efficient. Since there is no high pressure part on this system, there is no combustible component, so there is no combustion or explosion even at the time of car accident.
(3) The cost is low. According to the relevant data, the combustion heat of hydrogen is:
the combustion heat of gasoline is:
conversion to heat of combustion per kg:
the combustion heat of hydrogen is 120998.52 kj/kg, and the combustion heat of gasoline is 45418.4 kj/kg. The combustion heat of hydrogen is 2.8 times that of gasoline.
(4) The water and the aluminum powder with certain purity can be produced on a large scale, and the production cost is lower.
(5) And the maintenance is easy. Both gas stations and gas filling stations have certain dangerousness and have higher safety requirements, but the safety requirements of places for adding aluminum powder and water are relatively lower.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process for carrying out the present invention;
fig. 2a and 2b are schematic views of a hydrogen reaction generator according to the present invention, wherein fig. 2a is a state in the reaction generator in a gas supply state, and fig. 2b is a state in the reaction generator after a switch is turned off, wherein:
1. metal powder, 2, permeable membrane, 3, aqueous solution.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) converting electrical energy into chemical energy using existing hydrometallurgical plants, such as the electrolytic aluminum process, where metal oxides are electrolytically reduced to active metal powders;
(2) the exchange of material is involved between the storage and release of energy, so that a material exchange station must be set up as in the case of a filling station for automobiles in order to circulate the entire process smoothly. In the material exchange station, recovering the waste hydroxide to give a reaction apparatus containing metal, water and catalyst;
(3) then the metal with high specific surface area reacts with water to generate hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, and the hydrogen is used by a hydrogen energy consumption mechanism. The hydrogen energy consuming mechanism may be a hydrogen engine, a fuel cell, or other mechanism that uses hydrogen as an energy source. In the mechanism, metal powder and water generate hydrogen in a hydrogen reaction generator under the action of a catalyst.
The metal with high specific surface area is a metal in a second main group, a metal in a third main group or an alloy thereof, such as metal aluminum or an alloy thereof, and metal magnesium or an alloy thereof.
As shown in fig. 2a, the reactor is in a gas-fed state. At this time, the aqueous solution 3 infiltrates the metal powder 1 with high specific surface area through the water permeable membrane 2, and reacts with the metal powder to generate hydrogen. In the reaction process, the liquid in the liquid storage tank is continuously consumed. As shown in fig. 2b, in order to keep the state in the reactor after the switch is turned off, the reaction between the aqueous solution 3 and the metal powder 1 is still continued in the initial state, but the pressure in the reactor is increased with the continuous generation of hydrogen gas, so that the liquid is discharged into the liquid storage tank, and finally the aqueous solution 3 is separated from the metal powder 1, and the reaction is stopped.
Once the switch is turned on, the pressure in the reactor is reduced as the hydrogen is removed and the aqueous solution 3 in the reservoir gradually enters the reactor and the reaction is restarted.
Sensors are also provided in the reactor to monitor the degree of consumption of the active substance. The reactor can be replaced when the active substance is depleted. The metal hydroxide formed in the reactor can be recovered.
Example 1: the system is used as a hydrogen source of a hydrogen-burning engine by taking metallic aluminum as a carrier
Aluminum is made into a metal with a high specific surface area, for example, a metal aluminum powder having a diameter of about 50 μm, and is reacted with water in a mass ratio of 1: 3, and 27 kg of the metal aluminum powder and 54 kg of water are actually measured and added to a reaction vessel, and about 50 mg of a catalyst such as sodium borate is then added while the reaction vessel is closed.
And connecting a gas outlet of the reaction container with a hydrogen inlet of the gas engine, starting the gas engine, reacting the aluminum powder with water, and supplying gas to the gas engine.
The energy generated by the device is calculated to support the driving of a common family car (consuming 10 liters of oil per hundred kilometers) for 100 kilometers.
After the reaction is finished, the reaction vessel is recovered by a recovery system, and aluminum powder is regenerated in an electrolytic aluminum plant. The basic process of the modern electrolytic plant for producing aluminum by using alumina as a raw material is as follows: adding 1920-1940 kg of alumina, 5-15 kg of cryolite, 20-30 kg of aluminum fluoride and 510-540 kg of anode paste into an anode tank, and keeping the current densityof the anode at 0.67A/cm under the voltage of 4.3V2The aluminum liquid can be generated by cathode electrolysis at 953 ℃, and the purity is generally 99.5-99.8%.
Example 2: the system is used as the hydrogen source of the fuel cell by taking metallic aluminum as a carrier
Aluminum is made into a metal with a high specific surface area, for example, a metal aluminum powder having a diameter of about 50 μm, and is reacted with water in a mass ratio of 1: 3, and 27 kg of the metal aluminum powder and 54 kg of water are actually measured and added to a reaction vessel, and about 50 mg of a catalyst such as sodium borate is then added while the reaction vessel is closed.
And connecting a gas outlet of the reaction container with a hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell, starting the fuel cell, reacting the aluminum powder with water, and supplying gas to the fuel cell.
At an energy conversion efficiency of about 80% for the fuel cell, about 80KWh of electricity can be generated.
After the reaction is finished, the reaction vessel is recovered by a recovery system, and aluminum powder is regenerated in an electrolytic aluminum plant. The basic process of the modern electrolytic plant for producing aluminum by using alumina as a raw material is as follows: adding 1920-1940 kg of alumina, 5-15 kg of cryolite, 20-30 kg of aluminum fluoride and 510-540 kg of anode paste into an anode tank, and keeping the current density of the anode at 0.67A/cm under the voltage of 4.3V2The aluminum liquid can be generated by cathode electrolysis at 953 ℃, and the purity is generally 99.5-99.8%.
Example 3: the system is used as a hydrogen source of a hydrogen-burning engine by taking metallic aluminum as a carrier
Aluminum is made into a metal with a high specific surface area, for example, a metal aluminum powder with a thickness of about 100 μm, and is reacted with water in a mass ratio of 1: 3, and 27 kg of the metal aluminum powder and 60 kg of water are actually measured and added to a reaction vessel, and then about 50 mg of a catalyst such as sodium borate is added while the reaction vessel is closed.
And connecting a gas outlet of the reaction container with a hydrogen inlet of the gas engine, starting the gas engine, reacting the aluminum powder with water, and supplying gas to the gas engine.
The energy generated by the device is calculated to support the driving of a common family car (consuming 10 liters of oil per hundred kilometers) for 100 kilometers.
After the reaction is finished, the reaction vessel is recovered by a recovery system, and aluminum powder is regenerated in an electrolytic aluminum plant. The basic process of the modern electrolytic plant for producing aluminum by using alumina as a raw material is as follows: adding 1920-1940 kg of alumina, 5-15 kg of cryolite, 20-30 kg of aluminum fluoride and 510-540 kg of anode paste into an anode tank, and keeping the current density of the anode at 0.67A/cm under the voltage of 4.3V2The aluminum liquid can be generated by cathode electrolysis at 953 ℃, and the purity is generally 99.5-99.8%.
Example 4: the system is used as a hydrogen source of a hydrogen-burning engine by taking metal magnesium as a carrier
Magnesium is made into a metal with a high specific surface area, for example, metallic magnesium powder having a diameter of about 50 μm, and is reacted with water in a ratio of 1: 2 by mass, and 36 kg of metallic magnesium powder and 54 kg of water are actually measured and added to a reaction vessel, and then about 50 mg of a catalyst such as sodium borate is added while the reaction vessel is closed.
And connecting a gas outlet of the reaction container with a hydrogen inlet of the gas engine, starting the gas engine, reacting the magnesium powder with water, and supplying gas to the gas engine.
The energy generated by the device is calculated to support the driving of a common family car (consuming 10 liters of oil per hundred kilometers) for 100 kilometers.
After the reaction is finished, the reaction vessel is recovered through a recovery system, and magnesium powder is regenerated in an electrolytic magnesium plant. Magnesium is produced from magnesium hydroxide electrolytically by first converting it to magnesium chloride in a chlorination furnace. The electrolyte using magnesium chloride as a raw material generally comprises the following components: MgCl212～15％，NaCl40～45％，CaCl238-42%, KCl 5-7%, NaCl and KCl are approximately equal to 6-7%, the cell voltage is generally 5.5-7.0V, the current intensity is 150A, and liquid magnesium is generated at the cathode.
Example 5: the system is used as the hydrogen source of the fuel cell by taking metal magnesium as a carrier
Magnesium is made into a metal with a high specific surface area, for example, metallic magnesium powder having a diameter of about 50 μm, and is reacted with water in a ratio of 1: 2 by mass, and 36 kg of metallic magnesium powder and 54 kg of water are actually measured and added to a reaction vessel, and then about 50 mg of a catalyst such as sodium borate is added while the reaction vessel is closed.
And connecting a gas outlet of the reaction container with a hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell, starting the fuel cell, reacting the magnesium powder with water, and supplying gas to the fuel cell.
At an energy conversion efficiency of about 80% for thefuel cell, about 80KWh of electricity can be generated.
After the reaction is finished, the reaction vessel is recovered through a recovery system, and magnesium powder is regenerated in an electrolytic magnesium plant. Magnesium is produced from magnesium hydroxide electrolytically by first converting it to magnesium chloride in a chlorination furnace. Using magnesium chloride asThe composition of the electrolyte of the feedstock is typically: MgCl212～15％，NaCl 40～45％，CaCl238-42%, KCl 5-7%, NaCl and KCl are approximately equal to 6-7%, the cell voltage is generally 5.5-7.0V, the current intensity is 150A, and liquid magnesium is generated at the cathode.
Example 6: the system is used as a hydrogen source of a hydrogen-burning engine by taking metal magnesium as a carrier
Magnesium is made into metal with high specific surface area, for example, metal magnesium powder with the thickness of about 80 μm, and is reacted with water according to the ratio of 1: 2, and 36 kg of metal magnesium powder and 60 kg of water are actually measured and added into a reaction vessel, and then about 50 mg of catalyst such as sodium borate is added, and the reaction vessel is sealed.
And connecting a gas outlet of the reaction container with a hydrogen inlet of the gas engine, starting the gas engine, reacting the magnesium powder with water, and supplying gas to the gas engine.
The energy generated by the device is calculated to support the driving of a common family car (consuming 10 liters of oil per hundred kilometers) for 100 kilometers.
After the reaction is finished, the reaction vessel is recovered through a recovery system, and magnesium powder is regenerated in an electrolytic magnesium plant. Magnesium is produced from magnesium hydroxide electrolytically by first converting it to magnesium chloride in a chlorination furnace. The electrolyte using magnesium chloride as a raw material generally comprises the following components: MgCl212～15％，NaCl 40～45％，CaCl238-42%, KCl 5-7%, NaCl: KCl is approximately equal to 6-7, the cell voltage is generally 5.5-7.0V,the current intensity was 150A, and liquid magnesium was formed at the cathode.
Claims (8)
1. The hydrogen energy circulation method using the metal with high specific surface area as the carrier is characterized in that: the method is characterized in that the energy in the metallurgical process is stored by using the metal with high specific surface area and the energy conversion is realized by using the material circulation process of solid metal, and comprises the following steps:
(1) the existing hydrometallurgy technology is utilized to prepare the metal hydroxide into energy storage metal with high specific surface area, so as to realize the storage of electric energy;
(2) the exchange of the energy storage metal and the waste is realized by utilizing a substance exchange station;
(3) then the metal with high specific surface area reacts with water to generate waste and hydrogen under the action of a catalyst, wherein the hydrogen is used by a hydrogen energy consumption mechanism.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal with high specific surface area is used as a carrier for hydrogen energy circulation, and the method comprises the following steps: the metal with high specific surface area in the step (1) is a metal of a II main group, a III main group, a IV main group or an alloy thereof.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal with high specific surface area is used as a carrier for hydrogen energy circulation, and the method comprises the following steps: the metal with high specific surface area in the step (1) is metal powder, a metal strip or foam metal.
4. A hydrogen energy recycling method using high specific surface area metal as carrier according to claim 3, characterized by: the metal with high specific surface area is metallic aluminum or an alloy thereof.
5. A hydrogen energy recycling method using high specific surface area metal as carrier according to claim 3, characterized by: the metal with high specific surface area is metal magnesium or alloy thereof.
6. The method for hydrogen energy circulation using metal powder with high specific surface area as carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the high specific surface area metal to the water in the step (3) is 1: 2-4.5.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal with high specific surface area is used as a carrier for hydrogen energy circulation, and the method comprises the following steps: the catalyst in the step (3) is weak alkaline or weak acidic salt or surfactant, and the concentration of the catalyst is 10 ppm-1000 ppm.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal with high specific surface area is used as a carrier for hydrogen energy circulation, and the method comprises the following steps: the hydrogen energy consuming mechanism is a hydrogen engine, a fuel cell or other matching devices of an energy conversion system.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101284647B (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2011-05-11 | 邓振炎 | Hydrogen preparing process by reacting surface-modified pure alminuim powder with water |
| CN102077395A (en) * | 2008-07-04 | 2011-05-25 | 西门子公司 | Mobile energy carrier and energy store |
| CN102923653A (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2013-02-13 | 江苏中靖新能源科技有限公司 | Hydrogen production reaction for obviously increasing hydrogen production speed |
-
2005
- 2005-04-06 CN CN 200510011529 patent/CN1686784A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101284647B (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2011-05-11 | 邓振炎 | Hydrogen preparing process by reacting surface-modified pure alminuim powder with water |
| CN102077395A (en) * | 2008-07-04 | 2011-05-25 | 西门子公司 | Mobile energy carrier and energy store |
| CN106848271A (en) * | 2008-07-04 | 2017-06-13 | 西门子公司 | Portable energy carrier and energy accumulator |
| US9705168B2 (en) | 2008-07-04 | 2017-07-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Mobile energy carrier and energy store |
| CN106848271B (en) * | 2008-07-04 | 2020-10-13 | 西门子公司 | Mobile energy carrier and energy store |
| CN102923653A (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2013-02-13 | 江苏中靖新能源科技有限公司 | Hydrogen production reaction for obviously increasing hydrogen production speed |
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