CN1682649A - Method and device for measuring human ring section weight - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring human ring section weight Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1682649A CN1682649A CN 200410033698 CN200410033698A CN1682649A CN 1682649 A CN1682649 A CN 1682649A CN 200410033698 CN200410033698 CN 200410033698 CN 200410033698 A CN200410033698 A CN 200410033698A CN 1682649 A CN1682649 A CN 1682649A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- balance plate
- link
- human body
- weight
- dimension
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000036544 posture Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 90
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002247 constant time method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003141 lower extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001269238 Data Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000386 athletic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004118 muscle contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002232 neuromuscular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011889 obduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses method and device for measuring human ring-joint weight. The measuring method measures human ring-joint weight with weight moment and ring-joint gravitational center radius as parameters, and includes the following steps: 1. measuring at least three kinds of ring-joint postures; 2. calibrating instantaneous rotation center of the measured ring-joint; 3. calculating total gravitational center radius of human body; 4. calculating the gravitational moment of the measured ring-joint; 5. measuring the rink-joint gravitational center radius of the measured ring-joint; and 6. finding out the ring-joint weight and displaying the value. The present invention provides individual human ring-joint measuring method and device and is suitable for measuring human motion ring-joint parameters. The present invention is favorable to the deep research of human motion regulations.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to measure the human parameters field tests, more particularly, relate to a kind of measuring method and equipment of body segment's weight.
Background technology
In general, the basic physical parameters of human body comprises two classes: a class is that the quality of human body integral and link, centroid position, rotary inertia and the radius of gyration etc. are called the human innertial parameter; Another kind of is that the length of human body integral and link, width and degree of enclosing etc. are called the human figure parameter.Because it is in the basic status of sport biomechanics, ergonomics and related discipline, for a long time to the measurement Research of human body basic physical parameters people's attention extremely always.
Over nearly more than 100 years, develop into somatometry from obduction, experts and scholars have made untiringly the measurement Research of human body segment parameter and having made great efforts both at home and abroad, carried out exploring audaciously, multiple somatometry methods such as bowssening, photogrammetry once appearred in priority, the weight method that alters one's posture, unexpected method for releasing, mechanical vibration method, gamma-rays scanning method, CT method have promoted the continuous progress of body segment's measurement Research.We can say, the development history of human body segment parameter measurement Research is exactly one constantly explores better measuring method and to the process of human body segment parameter individuation direction of measurement development.Yet from present present Research, the human body segment parameter model also mostly is symmetric form, and the data multi-source is unsuitable for specific group in to normal adult measurement; The human body segment parameter model that precision is high has all adopted and has had radioactive ray method (ZatsiorskY etc. adopt the gamma-rays scanning method, and Zheng Xiuyuan etc. adopt the CT method), is difficult to be applied to the link parameter study to children.
In fact, the morphosis of human body and Mass Distribution feature have distinct individuality really, especially specific group's personal characteristics is more obvious, such as population of athletes, athlete's body of different athletics events is widely different, and some project athlete is because project characteristic also can produce the phenomenon of human body advantage side characteristic remarkable in secular systematic training.Thereby, all can obliterate experimenter's personal feature to a great extent undoubtedly no matter adopt the inertial parameters of human body parts of which kind of form to carry out video recording analysis.In view of this, providing for the experimenter personalized more inertial parameters of human body parts is refine the most important condition with refinement of human motion analysis.
The body segment is meant the part between adjacent two articulation centers of human body.People are divided into a plurality of links to human body according to this notion, and carry out the measurement of human body segment parameter.In fact, this notion of artificially dividing the body segment has been ignored the practical situation that participates in the body segment of motion, is unfavorable for providing the human body segment parameter that meets the actual participation campaign of motion.Therefore, we propose the notion of human body sport step.
A plurality of human body sport steps have just constituted the human body sport step chain by the tandem binding in joint.These two notions of link and link chain are relative, and they depend on the anthropometric dummy of setting up according to the needs that study a question.The method that different anthropometric dummy links is divided is different, thereby a link of an anthropometric dummy can be a link chain of another anthropometric dummy.Discussion based on the relative property of human body sport step and link chain notion, we propose in the measurement Research of human body sport step parameter, the inertial parameter of some link chains should be provided as much as possible, make it to become a part indispensable in the human body sport step parameter system.
In view of the important foundation status of human body segment parameter in human motion research, it should be noted that the function of expanding balance plate, make it not only can measure the weight and the position of centre of gravity of human body integral, can also be used to measuring these weight parameters of body segment, in case make a breakthrough because people recognize the method for utilizing balance plate to measure body segment's weight parameter, because balance plate is simple and easy to do, genuine character is returned in this reduction with direct measurement body segment weight parameter, will promote the direction that the research measures towards individuation and stride forward major step.
In sum, we think that going back ubiquity in the measurement Research of current human body sport step parameter following not enoughly, await further raising, make the human body sport step parameter that is provided meet the practical situation of each individual movement more.
1) ignored the population characteristic of special population.Even if the present human body segment parameter that provides of somatometry also only limits to normal person colony, be not enough to embody the particularity of special population.
2) ignored the disequilibrium that the human body left and right sides develops.The existing anthropometric dummy overwhelming majority is the symmetry anthropometric dummy, and especially for population of athletes, athlete's advantage side feature of some project is obvious, and some situation should not be considered as left-right symmetric to human body.
3) ignored the practical situation of body segment's motor process.Be that the boundary divides the parameter testing that the body segment carries out with a geometrical concept-articulation center only, the link that is not enough to describe in the motion is overall.
4) ignored the two relative property of body segment, link chain.The introducing of relative property notion can reduce error source, satisfies actual needs with precise parameters more.
For realizing the measurement of above human body segment parameter, the measurement function that needs the expansion balance plate, promptly be transformed into weight and the position of centre of gravity of measuring the body segment from measuring the human body integral position of centre of gravity, must need the posture of conversion human body on balance plate to weigh, we can find following problem since so:
Therefore 1) because the tested link of measurement requirement is lifted straight up, and the end of tested link rests in the air, be difficult to control tested link and in measuring process, keep transfixion, especially for the measurement of whole lower limb with regard to more difficult control;
2) require tested link to stretch fully in measuring process, and will become 90 ° of right angles with the plate face, the experimenter is difficult to finish such action when measuring whole lower limb link.
3) when determining body segment's instantaneous center of rotation, can only be determined, be difficult to accurate location according to the geometric center in each joint.
The problems referred to above also are difficult to be solved by improving existing one dimension balance plate at present, and this mainly is because above-mentioned disadvantage is by due to the measuring principle of one dimension balance plate self.The present Research of balance plate measure theory is at present: on the one hand, the various countries experts and scholars have carried out a large amount of good tries to the balance plate measurement method of body segment's weight parameter, have obtained important achievement in research; On the other hand, present research does not also have to provide a comparatively complete measurement scheme, to satisfy the needs of human motion and other social practice.
There is above relative deficiency at prior art, proposes the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of measuring method and the measurement device that can measure the human body sport step weight of the practical situation that meets each individual movement more.
Center of the present invention is theoretical theoretical for the total centre of gravity circle, and Fig. 1 releases for total centre of gravity circle theoretical diagram, has clearly expressed the interaction relation of motion link (chain) with the human body total centre of gravity, and wherein: A is that all motionless links of human body are closed center of gravity; B is human body sport step (chain) center of gravity; C is the human body total centre of gravity; Q is the round heart of human body total centre of gravity; O is the join instantaneous center of rotation in joint of human body sport step (chain) and motionless link.
In Fig. 1, B (x
b, y
b) be motion link (chain) center of gravity of human body, around with the join instantaneous center of rotation O (x in joint of motionless link
o, y
o) rotate OB=r
bBe human body sport step (chain) center of gravity radius of a circle.A (x
a, y
a) be the center of gravity of closing of all motionless links of human body, be a fixed point.Because the human total weight equals the weight sum of motion link and motionless link,, human body total centre of gravity C (x is arranged then according to the synthetic theorem of the barycenter of system of material points
c, y
c) must be positioned on the straight line AB, that is:
W in the formula
a, w
b, w
cBe respectively motion link (chain) weight, all motionless link weight and human total weights; x
a, x
b, x
cBe respectively the center of gravity of motion link (chain) center of gravity, all motionless links and the x axial coordinate of human body total centre of gravity, y
a, y
b, y
cThen be three's y axial coordinate,
Because w
c=w
a+ w
b(3)
Wushu (3) and A (x
a, y
a) substitution formula (1), formula (2), and establish w
b/ w
a=k, k is a certain value, then has
When motion link center of gravity B point when joint instantaneous center of rotation O point moves in a circle, this circle is called human body sport step (chain) center of gravity circle, B point movement locus equation is
Get by formula (4), (5) conversion
Formula (7) put in order
Formula (8) is an equation of a circle formula, this explanation C (x
c, y
c) point movement locus also be a circumference.Because the C point is the human body total centre of gravity, so claim this circle to be the total centre of gravity circle, the coordinate that the round heart Q of total centre of gravity is ordered is
Formula (9) illustrates human body total centre of gravity radius of a circle r
cWith motion link (chain) center of gravity radius of a circle r
bRatio be k/ (1+k), only relevant with the certainty ratio coefficient k, so r
c/ r
b=k/ (l+k) also is a certain value.
The present invention is based on the arbitrary plane rectangular coordinate system and proposes total centre of gravity circle principle, that is: when motion link (chain) center of gravity around with the join track of instantaneous center of rotation motion in joint of all motionless links be bowlder, then the movement locus of total centre of gravity also is a circle, the former is called motion link (chain) center of gravity circle, the latter is called the total centre of gravity circle, and the ratio of total centre of gravity radius of a circle and motion link (chain) center of gravity radius of a circle is a certain value, and the weight of this ratio and motion link (chain) is identical with the ratio of gross weight.
For realizing above goal of the invention, the present invention according to the inventive method that above-mentioned principle provided is: with weight square and link radius of gravity center is the link weight of parametric measurement human body, may further comprise the steps:
1, human body is measured with three kinds of link postures at least;
2, demarcate tested link instantaneous center of rotation;
3, calculate human body total centre of gravity radius;
4, calculate the weight square of tested link;
5, measure the link radius of gravity center of the link of surveying;
6, draw link weight and show numerical value.
According to the foregoing invention method, the invention provides the link parameter that a kind of balance plate measurement device is used to measure human body, the mensuration that comprises link weight and link position of centre of gravity, described measurement device comprise by amplifier and data acquisition card and are connected two-dimension balance plate and one dimension balance plate on the data handling system main frame jointly.
Described two-dimension balance plate comprises that mutual cooperation finishes the weighing measurement system and the coordinate measuring system of the demarcation of the mensuration of link weight square and link instantaneous center of rotation; Described weighing measurement system comprises balance plate and base and is arranged on eccentric mechanism in the base that balance plate is provided with force transducer; Described coordinate measuring system comprises the location case that is arranged on balance plate top, and the location case links to each other with the encoder that is used for writing down displacement, locatees in the case and is provided with indication device; The signal of telecommunication of described force transducer and encoder is transferred on the capture card on the computer by amplifier.
Described eccentric mechanism comprises eccentric cam and hand crank, and described eccentric cam is connected with hand crank by leading screw.
Described location case is set in place on the guide rail of balance plate top, and can make X-motion at guide rail by roller, and guide rail can be made Y-motion by roller on the guide rail on the support.
Described encoder comprises and is arranged on the guide rail encoder that is connected by tooth belt and location case, be arranged on the guide rail by tooth belt with locate the encoder that case is connected.
Described indication device is a generating laser, and described encoder is a rotary encoder, is provided with slick steel ball between described balance plate and the pick off, is covered with slick plane layer on this balance plate.
Described one dimension balance plate comprises that mutual cooperation finishes the weighing measurement system and the coordinate measuring system of the mensuration of link radius of gravity center; Described weighing measurement system comprises and is arranged on the balance plate of deciding on fulcrum and the activity supporting point; Described activity supporting point is arranged on the interior leading screw of base, and an end of leading screw is connected with hand the wheel; Described coordinate measuring system comprises and is arranged on the force transducer decided on the fulcrum and is arranged on force transducer on the activity supporting point, the encoder that links to each other with pick off by tooth belt; The signal of telecommunication of described force transducer and encoder is transferred on the capture card on the computer by amplifier.
The support end of deciding at described balance plate is provided with limiting plate.
Described decide that fulcrum is arranged on can be on the rolling wheel support that moves on the guide rail, described encoder is a rotary encoder.
In general, body segment's weight parameter comprises link weight, link position of centre of gravity (radius of gravity center), and after the notion of having set up human body sport step (chain), the present invention proposes in the above-mentioned link parameter and should augment this parameter of weight square, be i.e. the weight of human body sport step (chain) and the product of radius of gravity center.The present invention proposes this notion of weight square, mainly is the consideration for following three aspects:
1) in concept, the weight square has reflected the Mass Distribution of human body sport step (chain);
2) from using, everyly in the calculating that the form that has with the weight of human body sport step (chain) and radius of gravity center product occurs, all can calculate by directly substitution weight square, for example calculate centripetal force suffered in the momentum, calculating human body sport step (chain) rotation process of human body sport step (chain) focus point etc.;
3) from measuring, what the balance plate measurement method that we adopt directly recorded in first step surveying work is exactly the weight square of human body sport step (chain), need not to synthesize.
Augmented after this parameter of weight square, in some researchs, just can farthest avoid the resultant error that product brought of weight and radius of gravity center.
Advantage of the present invention is for providing the more measuring method and the corresponding apparatus of body segment's weight of individuation, promptly meet the human body sport step parameter of the practical situation of each individual movement more, great impetus is played in the further investigation of human motion rule.The present device test process is simple in addition, the definite body segment's who is more prone to instantaneous center of rotation and can guarantee certain precision.
Term the body segment be meant: the part between adjacent two articulation centers of human body.
The term human body segment parameter is meant the link weight and the link position of centre of gravity parameter of human body.
Term motion link is meant: rotary adjacent joint in the human body.
The term instantaneous center of rotation is meant: the central point that human body sport step rotates.
Term link posture is meant: the motion link of human body is around joining that the instantaneous center of rotation in joint rotates and the posture made with motionless link.
Term center of gravity circle is meant: when motion link center of gravity when instantaneous center of rotation point in joint moves in a circle, this circle is called human body sport step (chain) center of gravity circle.
Description of drawings
1. Fig. 1 releases for total centre of gravity circle theoretical diagram
2. Fig. 2 is the inventive method FB(flow block)
3. Fig. 3 is a balance plate outfit of equipment sketch map of the present invention
4. Fig. 4 is two-dimension balance plate general principles figure
5. Fig. 5 is the axonometric chart of two-dimension balance board device
6. Fig. 6 is the front view of two-dimension balance board device
7. Fig. 7 is the vertical view of two-dimension balance board device
8. Fig. 8 gathers block diagram for the two-dimension balance partitioned signal
9. Fig. 9 is a two-dimension balance plate data acquisition software block diagram
10. Figure 10 releases for the measuring principle figure of link radius of gravity center
11. Figure 11 is one dimension balance plate general principles figure
12. Figure 12 is the axonometric chart of one dimension balance plate equipment
13. Figure 13 is the front view of one dimension balance plate equipment
14. Figure 14 is the vertical view of one dimension balance plate equipment
15. Figure 15 is an one dimension balance plate data acquisition software block diagram
16. Figure 16 is a balance plate measuring process sketch map
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in detail:
Fig. 2 is a measuring method FB(flow block) of the present invention,
Below in conjunction with balance plate measurement device of the present invention the present invention is described in detail.
Fig. 3 is a balance plate outfit of equipment sketch map of the present invention, two-dimension balance plate and one dimension balance plate record signal and are transported on the data handling system main frame by amplifier and data acquisition card jointly, utilize the existing data processing software processing signals in main frame the inside, draw the body segment's that surveys link weight and demonstration.
Fig. 4 is a two-dimension balance plate operation principle block diagram, and two-dimension balance plate of the present invention comprises three parts: mechanical part, electronic section and computer software part; Three parts match and form two systems: weighing measurement system and coordinate measuring system; Two systems cooperate mutually and finish two functions: the demarcation of the mensuration of link weight square and link instantaneous center of rotation.
Two-dimension balance plate measurement device mechanical part is made up of weighing measurement system and two parts of coordinate measuring system, and its machine drawing is Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.
1) mechanical part of weighing measurement system: among Fig. 6, the mechanical part of present device weighing measurement system comprises balance plate plate face 1 and base 2.Balance plate plate face 1 is made by the plank of steel framework, is covered with slick surface layer 17 on it, to make things convenient for the absorption of glass holder; Base 2 is the steel framework structure also, has bigger weight, puts stable to guarantee instrument.Designed an eccentric mechanism in base 2, this is the initiative design of this quasi-instrument.This mechanism is driven the rotation of eccentrics 12 again by the hand 13 drive leading screws 14 of taking turns by leading screw 14.Eccentric design purport be to solve the experimenter in non-measuring process up and down during balance plate 1 to the shock problem of force transducer 3, protection pick off 3 damages avoiding.
Eccentric mechanism is provided with two states: weighing measurement state and experimenter go up or following balance plate state.(1) when being in the weighing measurement state, leading screw 14 drives eccentrics 12 and turns to not and the contacted position of balance plate, so just can allow balance plate plate face 1 fully with in its lower section 3 force transducers 31 ', 32 ', 33 ' contact and do not contact, to finish weighing measurement with other any object.Lay a ganoid steel ball 16 between each force transducer and the balance plate plate face 1, make to be a contact between the two.(2) when being in that the experimenter goes up or down during the balance plate state; with hand crank 13 drive leading screws 14, leading screw 14 drive eccentrics 12, eccentric 12 balance plate plate face 1 is lifted certain height; make plate face 1 and 3 force transducers 31 ', 32 ', 33 ' break away from; the people just can not produce the percussion to force transducer when balance plate up and down like this, has protected force transducer.When the experimenter lies in balance plate and has carried out the preparation of measurement, again then drive eccentrics 12 with leading screw 14 and break away from, allow plate face 1 fall back on 3 pick offs again with plate face 1, make instrument get back to the weighing measurement state.Need to prove: in order farthest to improve the certainty of measurement of instrument, generally to reduce the range of force transducer as far as possible, being provided with of eccentric mechanism can make the range of force transducer be designed to minimum, the requirement that can satisfy weighing measurement gets final product, and needn't consider that external impacts is to danger that force transducer caused.
2) mechanical part of coordinate measuring system: this system is made up of support 9, guide rail and location case 4.To aerial, rock by stable aloft generation of assurance guide rail guide rail bracket for support 9; Guide rail is divided into two axially: X axis guide rail 6 and Y-axis be to guide rail 10, the long limit of X axis guide rail 6 and balance plate 1 in the same way, Y-axis but will be wider than the broadside of balance plate 1 to the broadside of guide rail 10 and balance plate 1 in the same way.The operation principle of coordinate measuring system is: rely on the rolling of roller 8 to move on guide rail 10 in Y-axis, this moves can locate the Y-axis coordinate; Location case 4 is when following X axis guide rail 6 to move, and the rolling that also can rely on himself roller 76 is moved on the X axis guide rail, and this moves can locate the X-axis coordinate; Generating laser 15 on the case of location points to balance plate plate face 1 can launch light beam, and the position of this light beam spot is provided by above-mentioned localized X, Y coordinate.
Need to prove: above-mentioned eccentric operating system and coordinate positioning also will rely on manual operation at present, when planning after the experimental technique maturation, to develop balance plate of future generation these two system reforms are become electronic computer control operation automatically, make operating process realize automatization, further increase the scientific and technological content of this instrument, to reduce manpower, save time and to improve precision.
The electronic section of present device balance plate comprises 3 parts: pick off, amplifier and capture card.Pick off has 2 kinds: a kind of is the force transducer 3 that is used for weighing, and model is TEDEA-HUNTLEIGHModel No.1042 (4), maximum range 75kg, be provided with altogether three force transducers 31 ', 32 ', 33 ', its horizontal layout situation is seen Fig. 6; Another kind is the encoder 5 that is used for writing down displacement.Encoder 5 is a rotary encoder, and model is OMRON E6B2-CWZ3E, be provided with altogether two encoders 51 ', 52 ', respectively with tooth belt 11 and X axis guide rail 6 with locate case 4 and link to each other.The moving belt moving gear belt 11 of X axis guide rail 6 and location case 4 is walked about, the walking about of tooth belt 11 drive encoder 51 ', 52 ' work, the distance that record location case 4 moves on X, Y both direction, thus also just determined the position of generating laser 15 light beams in whole coordinate system.Amplifier be used for two class sensor acquisition to the signal of telecommunication amplify, be transferred on the capture card of computer through the signal of telecommunication that amplifies, call for computer software, gather shown in the block diagram as Fig. 8 two-dimension balance partitioned signal.
Fig. 9 is the two-dimension balance plate data acquisition software block diagram of present device, and this software has been realized 5 big functions: data acquisition, date processing, data storage, data readback and the elements of a fix show.
＜data acquisition〉3 different human postures are carried out weighing measurement 3 times, and carry out the measurement of coordinates of 4 index points, wherein 1 time is to design for the focus point coordinate of measuring counterweight;
＜date processing〉index that mainly provides has two parts: the one, round heart radius of total centre of gravity and motion link weight square, the latter is the product of the former and human body body weight; Two is two central angles, i.e. motion link index point circle central angle and total centre of gravity circle central angle.First's index is the index one motion link weight square that we finally will measure on the two-dimension balance plate, the second portion index is to judge index, the standard of judging is exactly to see whether two corresponding central angles equate, if it is equate just to show that our measured motion link weight square is accurately, otherwise just inaccurate.
＜data storage〉be meant storage＜data acquisition with＜date processing the data of resulting outbalance in the process.
＜data readback〉be meant handle＜data storage data recall to so that check.Figure 10 releases for the measuring principle figure of link radius of gravity center,, the O point is the fulcrum of balance plate, contacts with balance plate but not hinged with balance plate, D point place is subjected to a reacting force of supporting N
d, direction is pointed to y axle forward.S is tested link, and placing on the balance plate also with between the balance plate does not have relative slip.S
1Be the part of human body and tested link (chain) associated section, J is the hinge between the two, is connecting the remainder of tested link (chain) and human body.C
0, 3 of B, C be respectively balance plate center of gravity, the tested link of human body (chain) center of gravity and the two close center of gravity, w
0, w
b, w is respectively three's weight.The remainder S of human body
1Shrinking the moment that produces tested link (chain) by hinge J by corresponding muscle group is M, the active force of tested link (chain) and fulcrum is synthesized together the active force of balance plate uses N
Ox, N
OyRepresent.r
b, r
c, r
0, r
dBe respectively B, C, C
0, D is to the distance of fulcrum O.
The mensuration of synthetic position of centre of gravity: the C point is exactly one dimension balance plate center of gravity C in Figure 10
0Synthetic center of gravity with tested link (chain) center of gravity B; The D point can be designed as the activity supporting point that can be free to slide along the x axle, and for the purpose of distinguishing, we claim that the O point is quiet fulcrum.After tested link was put on the balance plate, beginning placed the D point from O point position far away, promptly satisfied the condition of D point in the synthetic center of gravity outside, then, the D point was moved lentamente to the C point, and target is exactly the position that will determine that C is ordered, i.e. the position of synthetic center of gravity.
The mensuration process can be divided into three phases.
Phase I: stability.Before the D point arrives the C point, because the tendency that the stressed system that balance plate and tested link (chain) are formed does not overturn around fulcrum O, thereby human body is not subjected to the influence that brought by change of external conditions, and the residing state of balance plate this moment is a stability.By the anatomical physiology of human body as can be known, muscle contraction produces power and moment, therefore, we are after taking certain mode to induce the experimenter to make its health obtain farthest to loosen, think approx promptly that relevant muscle group does not produce initiatively in the body and shrink, can suppose that health remainder applied force and moment that tested link is subjected to are all very little, before moving some D arrives the C point, can ignore, then the stressed system that forms of balance plate and tested link satisfies equalising torque, promptly
N
d·r
d＝w·r
c …………………………………(a)
w＝w
0+w
b?′ …………………………………(b)
In the formula (b), w
bFor tested link and human body remainder have weight when contacting, comprised w
bBut be not the weight w of the complete released state of tested link shown in Figure 11
bIn view of this, although our hypothesis human body remainder influences its weight because of being in contact with one another to some extent to tested link, do not influence the position of centre of gravity of tested link.
Second stage: limited stability poised state.After D crosses the C point, if power that tested link (chain) is suffered and moment are without any variation, still negligible words, so, it no longer is fulcrum that O among Figure 10 names a person for a particular job, and the D point just becomes the new fulcrum of system, because D has crossed the C point, thereby balance plate must produce the trend of tumbling clockwise around D.The variation in this external world will inevitably influence human body neuromuscular system original state and make it to produce trained reflex, cause relevant muscle group produce shrink the power that makes the ex vivo that tested link is subjected to and moment change with resist the tumbling of balance plate, the maintenance system is in poised state, at this moment, the O point still is the fulcrum of whole system, this poised state is the limited stability poised state, when power that is produced when relevant muscle group and moment can not resist tumbling of balance plate, this limited stability poised state will not exist.At this, we think that approx the application point of active force that tested link is subjected to the human body remainder at the O point, then has
N
d·r
d+M＝w·r
c ……………………………(c)
(a) compares with formula, can not ignore the moment M of human body remainder to tested link again because the caused trained reflex of variation of external condition causes in the formula (c), and the synthetic gravitational moment wr of whole system
cBe certain value, thereby, N
dR
dValue must change, this moment, D residing position was near the left side that synthetic center of gravity C is ordered.
Phase III: unstable equilibrium state.When D arrives C ' point, moment M increases again also can't keep the original poised state of balance plate, owing to only not having hinge together between quiet fulcrum O and the balance plate for being in contact with one another, balance plate will break away from quiet fulcrum O this moment, supported by activity supporting point D fully, we claim that this state is the unstable equilibrium state.This moment, real synthetic position of centre of gravity was left in C ' the some position at moving some D place, with it at a distance of Δ l, as shown in figure 10.In order to seek the position of synthetic center of gravity, we take certain mode to induce and make the experimenter constantly loosen health in (x axle forward) mobile D point backward, and the unstable equilibrium state will constantly appear in balance plate like this.When the D point after the x axle is crossed synthetic center of gravity C point forward, no matter how the experimenter loosens balance plate the unstable equilibrium state can not occur yet, is synthesizing near the right side that center of gravity C orders the residing position of D point this moment.
In conjunction with above-mentioned discussion to second stage and phase III, for the ease of practical operation, the median location of getting 2 stage D points can be thought the position of tested link and the synthetic center of gravity of balance plate on the x axle.
In fact, above-mentioned physical process is very complicated, not easy to operate.In order to simplify procedures, we have designed a plate face mobile limiter when follow-up development R-I type balance plate, its movable amplitude is very little, δ＜5mm, therefore, when tumbling, give in the plate face environmental stimuli of human body very little, thereby the process of limited stability poised state can be ignored, and promptly balance plate has been tumbled when human body is not also experienced environmental stimuli and produced trained reflex, simultaneously, the one dimension balance plate is measured acquisition software and has been realized the balance plate identification constantly of tumbling.The design simplification of link gravity balance plate stopping means operation sequence, when measuring, only need differentiate the critical point of balance plate stability and rollover conditions, and need not consider that limited stability poised state and unstable equilibrium state just can measure the apparent position that synthesizes center of gravity easily.
According to the moment composition principle, have in conjunction with Figure 10
w
b′·r
b+w
0·r
0＝w·r
c ………………………………(d)
W wherein
0, r
0Be respectively the weight and the radius of gravity center of balance plate, can be used as known quantity; r
cFor the synthetic radius of gravity center of balance plate and tested link (chain), try to achieve in front; w
b' be the weight of tested link (chain), as previously mentioned, this gravimetric value is the weight when contacting with the human body remainder, rather than the weight of tested link (chain) released state, but this does not influence the calculating of this problem, because, the w in the formula (d) can by the balance plate fulcrum weighing to determine, wherein just comprised the weight w of the state that contacts with the human body remainder
b'.
Simultaneous formula (b), formula (d) can get
Can calculate the radius of gravity center of tested link by formula (e), promptly determine the position of centre of gravity of tested link.
In above-mentioned discussion, when weigh to determine that by fulcrum w is a very important problem.Determining that the tested link and the phase I of the synthetic center of gravity of balance plate are stages stable equilibrium, the balance plate two fulcrums sum of weighing is the two the weight of closing at this moment.
Figure 11 is an one dimension balance plate operation principle block diagram, and one dimension balance plate of the present invention comprises three parts: mechanical part, electronic section and computer software part; Three parts match and form two systems: weighing measurement system and coordinate measuring system; Two systems cooperate mutually and finish a function: the determining of link position of centre of gravity.
One dimension balance plate measurement device mechanical part is made up of weighing measurement system and two parts of coordinate measuring system, and its machine drawing is Figure 12, Figure 13 and Figure 14.
By Figure 13 and Figure 14 as seen, one dimension balance plate measurement device comprises that mutual cooperation finishes the weighing measurement system and the coordinate measuring system of the mensuration of link radius of gravity center; The weighing measurement system comprises and is arranged on the balance plate of deciding on fulcrum 18 and the activity supporting point 19 20, and balance plate plate face adopts the import aluminium sheet to make, and big or small two boards is arranged, and size is respectively 1.017m * 0.3m and 1.017m * 0.15m, and weight is respectively 3.245kg and 1.095kg; Activity supporting point 19 is arranged on the leading screw 22 in the base 21, and an end of leading screw 22 is connected with handly takes turns 23; Described coordinate measuring system comprises and is arranged on the force transducer decided on the fulcrum 18 24 and is arranged on force transducer 25 on the activity supporting point 19, the encoder 27 that links to each other with pick off 25 by tooth belt 26; The signal of telecommunication of described force transducer 24,25 and encoder 27 is transferred on the capture card on the computer by amplifier.Fulcrum 18 ends of deciding of balance plate 20 are provided with limiting plate 28 and are used for the movable amplitude of limiting balance plate plate face when disequilibrium, and the movable amplitude of this mechanics limit plate face is less than 5mm.Deciding that fulcrum 19 is arranged on can be on the rolling wheel support 30 that moves on the guide rail 29, and described encoder 27 is a rotary encoder.
Hand take turns 23 drive leading screws 22, leading screw 22 drive one movably force transducer 25 move along the direction of guide rail 29 to a fixed force transducer 24, the purpose that this mechanism is set be exactly allow mobile force transducer goes to seek balance plate and tested link in motor process close the position of centre of gravity place.
The electronic section of one dimension balance plate also comprises 3 parts: pick off, amplifier and capture card.Pick off has 2 kinds: force transducer and encoder, the model of force transducer is TEDEA-HUNTLEIGHModel No.1042, maximum range 30kg, have 2, one is the movably force transducer 25 that is installed on the activity supporting point 19, and another is to be installed in the force transducer 24 of deciding the fixed position on the fulcrum 18; Encoder 27 is a rotary encoder, and model is OMRON E6B2-CWZ3E, has only 1, and it is connected with force transducer 25 movably by rooted tooth wheel belt 26, measures a dimension coordinate by the displacement of measurement dynamic sensor 25.The amplifier of a balance plate and capture card and two-dimension balance plate are shared.
Figure 15 is the one dimension balance plate data acquisition software block diagram of present device, and this software has been realized 4 big functions: data acquisition, date processing, data readback and the elements of a fix show.
(data acquisition) is divided into static data collection and 2 steps of dynamic acquisition, the static data collection is meant when dynamic sensor is motionless carries out data acquisition to two force transducers, purpose is to measure the power value of two force transducers of original state and " the weight square " of tested link, should " weight square " be not the real weight square of tested link, be called pseudo-weight square, measured weight square and unequal on it and the two-dimension balance plate, because, one dimension balance plate this moment, measured " weight square " was to measure under the state that is connected at other position of tested link and health, and this measurement is unallowed for the one dimension balance plate.Although " weight square " that the one dimension plate records is unequal with the link weight square that the two-dimension balance plate records, but when human body is measured under relaxation state comparatively, the two numerically should be comparatively approaching, relaxation state to human body when this relation can be used for human experimentation carries out quantitative judgement, certainly, as the further research that awaits of the scope of the two difference of criterion; Dynamic Data Acquiring is to measure the position that balance plate and tested link are closed center of gravity in the dynamic sensor moving process.
(date processing) mainly carries out the calculating of tested link radius of gravity center.
(data storage) and (data readback) is with the two-dimension balance plate.
Figure 16 is a measuring process sketch map of the present invention, and in the process of measuring the weight square, human body will crouch on the two-dimension balance plate with different postures.In order to satisfy 3 needs of asking round formula, on balance plate, also want to move tested link to obtain enough coordinate datas twice; When measuring radius of gravity center, tested link will be decided according to shape, kinematic axis and the movement characteristic in each joint of human body putting of one dimension balance plate, to satisfy the requirement of link center of gravity plate measuring principle.In view of this, measuring the weight square on the link weight square balance plate or on link gravity balance plate, measuring radius of gravity center no matter be, all need to understand the basic condition such as shape, kinematic axis in each joint of basic anthropometric dummy, so that on the two-dimension balance plate, arrange the moving direction of each tested link best, on the one-dimension type balance plate, farthest utilize the natural motion trend of tested link, and provide anatomical basis on the organization of human body function for formulating rational process of measurement.
We know: flexion and extension can be done in all joints, therefore, can in sagittal plane, carry out when measuring link all in the basic anthropometric dummy (chain), and in fact because the research of controlled condition does not also have full maturity, we have done corresponding adjustment on the measurement attitude, a, b, c are two-dimension balance plate measurement links (chain) weight square human body attitude sketch map among Figure 16, and d figure is one dimension balance plate measurement links (chain) radius of gravity center human body attitude sketch map among Figure 16.
In the measuring process of weight square, need it be on 3 different positions respectively moving tested link (chain) twice on the two-dimension balance plate, on each position, all utilize coordinate measuring system to obtain the coordinate of tested link (chain) index point, and utilize the weighing measurement system to obtain force sensor measuring value under this human body attitude, obtain the power value of coordinate and 3 force transducers of 3 index points altogether, the former can calculate the center of circle of tested link (chain) index point center of gravity circle, the i.e. instantaneous center of rotation of this link (chain), with this point of mark labelling, the latter can calculate human body total centre of gravity radius of a circle, promptly utilizes this radius can calculate the weight square of tested link (chain).If the counterweight of being added with then also needs to utilize coordinate measuring system to measure the coordinate of a counterweight focus point, reduce the actual weight square of tested link (chain) to deduct counterweight.
The present invention has creatively adopted the weight square to be parameter and to measure this parameter with present device and calculate the movement human link weight; those skilled in the art can carry out other change and modification after reading patent specification of the present invention under the present invention's enlightenment, but these changes and modification are all within the claim protection domain that the present invention is awaited the reply.
Claims (10)
1. the measuring method of body segment's weight is characterized in that: described method may further comprise the steps for being the link weight of parametric measurement human body with weight square and link radius of gravity center:
1) human body is measured with three kinds of link postures at least;
2) demarcate tested link instantaneous center of rotation;
3) calculate human body total centre of gravity radius;
4) the weight square of the tested link of calculating;
5) the link radius of gravity center of the measurement link of surveying;
6) draw link weight and show numerical value.
2. balance plate measurement device that adopts the described measuring method of claim 1 is characterized in that: described measurement device comprises by amplifier and data acquisition card and is connected two-dimension balance plate and one dimension balance plate on the data handling system main frame jointly.
3. two-dimension balance plate according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described two-dimension balance plate comprises that mutual cooperation finishes the weighing measurement system and the coordinate measuring system of the demarcation of the mensuration of link weight square and link instantaneous center of rotation; Described weighing measurement system comprises balance plate (1) and base (2) and is arranged on eccentric mechanism in the base (2) that balance plate (1) is provided with force transducer (3); Described coordinate measuring system comprises the location case (4) that is arranged on balance plate (1) top, and location case (4) links to each other with the encoder that is used for writing down displacement (5), is provided with indication device in the location case (4); The signal of telecommunication of described force transducer (3) and encoder (5) is transferred on the capture card on the computer by amplifier.
4. two-dimension balance plate according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described eccentric mechanism comprises eccentric cam (6) and hand crank (7), and described eccentric cam (6) is connected with hand crank (7) by leading screw (8).
5. according to claim 3 or 4 described two-dimension balance plates, it is characterized in that: described location case (4) is set in place on the guide rail (9) of balance plate (1) top, and can make X-motion in guide rail (9) by roller (10), guide rail (9) can be made Y-motion by roller (11) on the guide rail (13) on the support (12).
6. two-dimension balance plate according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described encoder (5) comprises that being arranged on guide rail (9) goes up by tooth belt (14) and the encoder (51 ') that location case (4) is connected, and is arranged on guide rail (13) and goes up the encoder (52 ') that is connected with location case (4) by tooth belt (14).
7. according to claim 3 or 6 described two-dimension balance plates, it is characterized in that: described indication device is generating laser (15), described encoder (5) is a rotary encoder, be provided with slick steel ball (16) between described balance plate (1) and the pick off (3), be covered with slick plane layer (17) on this balance plate (1).
8. one dimension balance plate according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described one dimension balance plate measurement device comprises that mutual cooperation finishes the weighing measurement system and the coordinate measuring system of the mensuration of link radius of gravity center; Described weighing measurement system comprises and is arranged on the balance plate of deciding on fulcrum (18) and the activity supporting point (19) (20); Described activity supporting point (19) is arranged on the interior leading screw (22) of base (21), and an end of leading screw (22) is connected with hand wheel the (23); Described coordinate measuring system comprises and is arranged on the force transducer of deciding on the fulcrum (18) (24) and is arranged on force transducer (25) on the activity supporting point (19), the encoder (27) that links to each other with pick off (25) by tooth belt (26); The signal of telecommunication of described force transducer (24), (25) and encoder (27) is transferred on the capture card on the computer by amplifier.
9. one dimension balance plate measurement device according to claim 8 is characterized in that: fulcrum (18) end of deciding at described balance plate (20) is provided with limiting plate (28).
10. according to Claim 8 or 9 described one dimension balance plate measurement devices, it is characterized in that: describedly decide fulcrum (19) and be arranged on and can go up on the rolling wheel support (30) that moves at guide rail (29), described encoder (27) is a rotary encoder.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410033698 CN1682649A (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2004-04-16 | Method and device for measuring human ring section weight |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410033698 CN1682649A (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2004-04-16 | Method and device for measuring human ring section weight |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1682649A true CN1682649A (en) | 2005-10-19 |
Family
ID=35262291
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410033698 Pending CN1682649A (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2004-04-16 | Method and device for measuring human ring section weight |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1682649A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100388906C (en) * | 2006-03-22 | 2008-05-21 | 山东师范大学 | Human body centre-of gravity dynamic position measuring instrument and its measuring method |
| CN101371111B (en) * | 2006-02-13 | 2010-09-29 | 仓田忠男 | System and method for measuring weight of portion of human body |
| CN107607151A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2018-01-19 | 金季春 | One kind measurement weights and center of gravity of moving segments of human body parametric technique |
| CN108309301A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2018-07-24 | 合肥工业大学 | Body section mass measuring method |
| CN111637959A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-09-08 | 中汽研汽车检验中心（天津）有限公司 | Method for testing position and quality of mass center of each part of human body |
-
2004
- 2004-04-16 CN CN 200410033698 patent/CN1682649A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101371111B (en) * | 2006-02-13 | 2010-09-29 | 仓田忠男 | System and method for measuring weight of portion of human body |
| CN100388906C (en) * | 2006-03-22 | 2008-05-21 | 山东师范大学 | Human body centre-of gravity dynamic position measuring instrument and its measuring method |
| CN107607151A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2018-01-19 | 金季春 | One kind measurement weights and center of gravity of moving segments of human body parametric technique |
| CN107607151B (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2019-11-15 | 金季春 | A kind of measurement weights and center of gravity of moving segments of human body parametric technique |
| CN108309301A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2018-07-24 | 合肥工业大学 | Body section mass measuring method |
| CN111637959A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-09-08 | 中汽研汽车检验中心（天津）有限公司 | Method for testing position and quality of mass center of each part of human body |
| CN111637959B (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2021-12-03 | 中汽研汽车检验中心（天津）有限公司 | Method for testing position and quality of mass center of each part of human body |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Marsh et al. | Jumping performance of hylid frogs measured with high-speed cine film | |
| AU2005302549B2 (en) | Golf club waggle shaking moving vibrating weight mass computer process | |
| Linthorne | Analysis of standing vertical jumps using a force platform | |
| Jensen | Estimation of the biomechanical properties of three body types using a photogrammetric method | |
| Lesinski et al. | Concurrent validity of the Gyko inertial sensor system for the assessment of vertical jump height in female sub-elite youth soccer players | |
| CN1265763C (en) | Multi-axial force platform array and human walking gait information acquisition method | |
| JPH01190376A (en) | Analysis and simulation system for motion of horse | |
| CN106619061B (en) | A kind of accurate foot massage device | |
| CN1939234A (en) | Puncture guiding method and manual puncture guider | |
| CN1682649A (en) | Method and device for measuring human ring section weight | |
| CN2768668Y (en) | Medical bone and joint angle measuring device | |
| JP2018072218A (en) | Method and device for displacement | |
| Larsson et al. | Calibration of high-speed imaging by laser triangulation | |
| Ferrario et al. | Three-dimensional analysis of hand and finger movements during piano playing | |
| Bilić et al. | The Concurrent Validity of Mobile Application for Tracking Tennis Performance | |
| CN107607151B (en) | A kind of measurement weights and center of gravity of moving segments of human body parametric technique | |
| CN103860284A (en) | Dental appliance testing apparatus and method thereof | |
| CN1055812A (en) | The one dimension spherical column mensuration of 21 mechanism errors of three coordinate measuring machine and the self checking method of measurement mechanism and device | |
| CN113384258B (en) | Body fat measuring device | |
| Griffiths et al. | Measuring the moment of inertia of the human body by a rotating platform method | |
| Thurston | Repeatability studies of a television/computer system for measuring spinal and pelvic movements | |
| CN103892847B (en) | A kind of portable muscle isotonic contraction power curve test system | |
| Colino et al. | A proposed method to assess the mechanical properties of treadmill surfaces | |
| CN2897305Y (en) | Head positioning/swinging holder for radiant treatment | |
| CN104634689B (en) | A kind of asphalt marshall compaction instrument metering device and its metering method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: LUDONG UNIVERSITY; APPLICANT Free format text: FORMER OWNER: JIN JICHUN; APPLICANT Effective date: 20060804 |
|
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20060804 Address after: The office of Ludong University sports college 184 No. 264025 Shandong province Yantai city Zhifu District Shi Road Applicant after: Ludong University Co-applicant after: Jin Jichun Address before: 100084 Department of sports biomechanics, School of sports and Human Sciences, Beijing Sport University, Zhongguancun Haidian District North Street, Beijing, China Applicant before: Jin Jichun Co-applicant before: Li Shiming |
|
| C12 | Rejection of a patent application after its publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |