CN1680720A - 具有背压室的热油温度响应释放的涡旋式压缩机 - Google Patents

具有背压室的热油温度响应释放的涡旋式压缩机 Download PDF

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CN1680720A
CN1680720A CN200510056295.5A CN200510056295A CN1680720A CN 1680720 A CN1680720 A CN 1680720A CN 200510056295 A CN200510056295 A CN 200510056295A CN 1680720 A CN1680720 A CN 1680720A
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valve
pressure chamber
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scroll compressor
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CN100441873C (zh
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T·P·帕特尔
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Danfoss Scroll Technologies LLC
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/02Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
    • F04C18/0207Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form
    • F04C18/0215Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form where only one member is moving
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C28/00Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C28/28Safety arrangements; Monitoring
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2270/00Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
    • F04C2270/19Temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2270/00Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
    • F04C2270/21Pressure difference
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C28/00Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C28/24Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids characterised by using valves controlling pressure or flow rate, e.g. discharge valves or unloading valves
    • F04C28/26Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids characterised by using valves controlling pressure or flow rate, e.g. discharge valves or unloading valves using bypass channels
    • F04C28/265Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids characterised by using valves controlling pressure or flow rate, e.g. discharge valves or unloading valves using bypass channels being obtained by displacing a lateral sealing face

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

涡旋式压缩机包括保护装置,该保护装置具有阀,该阀在防止从背压室流动到吸入室的位置和允许这种流动的位置之间进行运动。阀根据油温来运动。在不利情况下,油将达到更高的温度,并且阀打开以允许制冷剂从背压室流入到吸入室中。制冷剂可能处于升高的温度上,并且有助于加热的油使与马达相连的马达保护开关进行运动以关闭马达。而且,借助释放背压室,允许两个涡卷件相互脱离接触,因此减少了因不利情况而产生的潜在损坏。

Description

具有背压室的热油温度响应释放的涡旋式压缩机
背景技术
本申请涉及一种具有保护装置的涡旋式压缩机,该保护装置在油温到达不良的高值时释放背压室制冷剂。因此,与现有技术相比,本发明可以更好、更快地解决一些工作问题。
涡旋式压缩机广泛地使用在制冷剂压缩应用中。在涡旋式压缩机中,一对涡卷件中的每一个具有基部和总体上呈螺旋形的外壳(wrap),该外壳从基部进行延伸。这些外壳相互配合以限定出压缩室。这两个涡卷件中的一个相对于另一个进行旋转,当这两个涡卷件进行旋转时,压缩室的尺寸大小减小,从而压缩收集的制冷剂。当制冷剂压力增大时,来自制冷剂的分离力趋于使两个涡卷件相互分开。因此,涡旋式压缩机设计者使一部分压缩过的制冷剂排出到位于这两个涡卷件中的一个涡卷件的基部后面的室中。这是所谓的“背压室”,并且用来使两个涡卷件偏压在一起,从而防止分离。
涡旋式压缩机存在各种工作难题。尤其地,位于两个涡卷件之间的复杂表面具有许多相互配合的接触表面。在一些情况下,沿着接触表面具有损坏。作为一个例子,如果涡旋式压缩机的马达不能合适地布线,那么压缩机可能会沿着相反方向进行运转。这将在涡旋式压缩机中快速地导致温度过高。这将导致对压缩机零件产生各种损坏。例如,底板和外壳产生擦伤。
此外,另一个问题是在绝大多数密封的压缩机中所使用的冷却方法。在大多数的密封压缩机中,吸入制冷剂通过马达,从而冷却马达。但是,在一些情况下,该系统中的制冷剂充量太小。这公知为充量损失。当具有少量的吸入制冷剂通过马达时,该马达不能充分地冷却。
因此,为这些不利情况设置了保护装置。在一个传统方法中,马达保护器设置在马达上并且具有温度传感器。如果温度传感器探测到温度过高,那么该温度传感器打开电路,进一步使马达停止工作。这些基本马达保护器被设置在涡旋式压缩机内的各个位置上。
与这些马达保护器结合使用的另一方法是使来自涡旋式压缩机泵装置的热量到达马达保护器,在一些不利情况下,与涡旋式压缩机内的其它区域相比,该泵装置典型地热得更快。作为一个例子,一种现有技术的布置具有阀,当在排出制冷剂中探测到温度过高时,该阀打开。该阀使制冷剂从压缩室向下到达吸入室,该吸入室包围着马达和保护器。与马达保护器温度传感器简单地对马达室内的温度进行反应相比,另一种方法使热油进入到马达保护器中从而能更快地释放马达保护器温度传感器。
尽管上述保护方法提供了一些优点,但是最好使初始保护产生在极限温度之前,该极限温度现在释放马达。至今,公知的涡旋式压缩机没有充分地提供不利情况的更快释放。
发明内容
在所公开的本发明实施例中,热油通过阀返回,该阀设置在通道中,该通道使背压室与包围马达的吸入室连通。如果热油温度到达过热的温度,那么阀打开。在阀打开的情况下,背压制冷剂通过通道以进入到吸入室,并且进入到马达保护器中。与现有技术的情况相比,这能够更快地释放马达保护器。
优选地,上述油也滴落到马达保护器中。此外,借助打开背压室,允许这些涡旋件相互移离,并且能够更加方便地解决上述的擦伤、过大的顶部推力等的问题。
通过下面说明和附图可以更好地理解本发明的这些特征和其它特征,下面是简短描述。
附图说明
图1示出了体现本发明的涡旋式压缩机的横剖视图。
图2A示出了处于正常工作位置上的本发明阀。
图2B示出了处于释放情况下的本发明阀。
具体实施方式
图1示出了涡旋式压缩机20。涡旋式压缩机20安装在密封的壳体22内。如所公知的一样,电动马达24驱动轴25来压缩制冷剂。制冷剂通过吸入管26进入到密封的壳体22内。吸入室28包围着马达,吸入制冷剂通过马达以对马达进行冷却。
公知为旋转涡卷的第一涡卷件30包括从它基部34中延伸出来的螺旋形外壳32。所示出的涡卷外壳是所谓的复合型,这些涡卷外壳具有不同的厚度。其它类型的涡卷压缩机也落入本发明的范围内,这种涡卷压缩机包括形成在圆的渐开线上的涡卷外壳,它的这些外壳具有相对恒定的厚度。旋转涡卷30面对着非旋转涡卷36,该非旋转涡卷36在它自己的外壳40中具有基部38,该外壳40从基部进行延伸。如所示出的那样,这些外壳相互配合以限定出压缩室41。驱动轴25被驱动来进行旋转,非旋转连接件使旋转涡卷30相对于非旋转涡卷36进行旋转,这些是公知的。
这些涡旋式压缩机的工作产生了难题。尤其地,马达有时产生了错误布线,因此它们沿着相反的方向被驱动。在产生这种情况时,制冷剂的温度可以达到过高的值,并且可以损坏涡卷件。尤其地,位于顶部和相对的基部之间的表面可以产生擦伤、过高的顶部压力等。所有这些对于基部34是不良的。旋转涡卷30面对非旋转涡卷36,该涡卷36在它自己的外壳40中具有基部38,该外壳40从基部中延伸出来。如所示出的那样,这些外壳相互配合以限定出压缩室41。驱动轴25被驱动来进行旋转,而非旋转连接件使旋转涡卷30相对于非旋转涡卷36进行旋转,如所公知的一样。
这些涡旋式压缩机的工作产生了一些难题。尤其地,这些马达产生了错误布线,因此它们沿着相反方向被驱动。在产生这种情况时,制冷剂的温度可以到达过高的值,并且可以损坏涡卷件。尤其地,位于顶部和相对基部之间的表面处的接触可以产生擦伤、过高的顶部压力等。所有这些都是不良的。
另一个难题是,在制冷剂循环中,制冷剂充量不足。尤其地,通到吸入室28中的制冷剂一定得具有足够多的量来冷却马达24,否则马达24可以达到过高的温度。在把制冷剂供给到吸入管26中的制冷剂线中有充量损失时,没有足够的制冷剂来充分冷却马达。
如所公知的那样,在压缩室41内产生了分离力从而趋于使旋转涡卷30移离非旋转涡卷36。因此,为了解决这个问题,背压室42设置在这些涡卷件中的一个涡卷件的基部的后面。背压室42被示成位于旋转涡卷30的基部后面,但是,应该知道,其它涡旋式压缩机设计把背压室设置在非旋转涡卷后部,并且也受益于本发明。内密封件46和外密封件48限定出背压室42。来自压缩室41中的、压缩过的制冷剂通过开关44并且进入到背压室42中。这种抽头的、压缩过的制冷剂迫使旋转涡卷和非旋转涡卷贴在一起。
如附图所示,油供给管49使油从位于壳体22底部处的油箱通过驱动轴25向上供给。该油被导入到各种工作表面中。一些油通过油返回线路50返回,该油返回线路50延伸通过曲柄箱51。来自供给线路49的油与具有来自旋转涡卷的轭54和轴承56的轴承室52相连通,并且到达返回线路50。从返回线路50开始,油可以流入马达保护器60中。如可以接受的那样,在上述不利的情况期间,油将达到的温度高于在其它情况下所期望的温度。
阀59设置在通道58中,该通道58通到背压室42中。阀59是热动式调节阀,该阀在露出到过度高的温度时打开从而把冷却剂从背压室42中排出到返回线路50中,冷却剂最后到达马达保护器60。如所公知的一样,马达保护器60包括温度敏感开关,如果到达过度高的温度,那么该温度敏感开关打开从而使马达停止工作。借助把制冷剂从背压室42排出到马达保护器60中,与热油简单地滴落到马达保护器60相比,本发明可以确保马达关闭得更快。
图2A示出了在油返回线路50内的温度不是过度高时的阀59的正常位置。通道62延伸通过阀59。但是,该通道受到双金属热响应阀体64的堵塞。这些阀是公知的,并且根据阀件的温度在两个位置之间进行运动。特别地,所示出的阀结构稍稍简化以便于理解它的工作。因此,阀件被选择和设计成处于图2A所示的位置上,从而阻止流过通道62,除非在油返回线路50中的返回油达到预定的温度。
如图2B所示,一旦到达预定的高温,那么阀件64到达它的打开位置。制冷剂可以通过通道62,并且进入到返回油线路50中。释放制冷剂实现了两个功能。首先,借助释放背压室,使这些涡卷件相互移离。因此,可以防止在不利条件影响的情况下早期产生一些损坏。即,这些外壳(wrap)的顶部不会与两个涡卷件的相对基部保持接触,并且可以减少或者消除擦伤等。第二,借助使背压室制冷剂离开背压室进入通道50并且最后进入到吸入室28中,使温度保护开关60更快地到达更高温度。因此,与现有技术的情况相比,能够更快地使马达24停止工作。
尽管公开了本发明的优选实施例,但是本领域普通技术人员知道一些改进也落入本发明的范围内。出于那个原因,下面权利要求确定了本发明的实际范围和内容。

Claims (10)

1.一种涡旋式压缩机,包括:
第一涡卷件,它具有基部和总体上呈螺旋形的外壳,该外壳从它的基部进行延伸;和一个第二涡卷件,它具有基部和总体上呈螺旋形的外光,该外壳从它的基部进行延伸,所述第一和第二涡卷件的所述外壳相互配合以限定出压缩室;
电动马达,它驱动旋转轴,所述旋转轴通过连接件连接到所述第一涡卷件上,从而使所述第一涡卷件相对于所述第二涡卷件进行旋转,并且减少了所述压缩室的尺寸大小,因此压缩收集起来的制冷剂;
背压室,它在所述第一和第二涡卷件中的一个涡卷件的基部后面限定出,所述背压室包括开关,以使制冷剂从压缩室到达所述背压室,所述抽头制冷剂使所述第一和第二涡卷件偏压在一起;及
阀,它可操纵地与背压室相连,油用来润滑涡旋式压缩机,该阀设置成露出到油中,所述阀从打开位置移动到关闭位置上,当处于所述打开位置上时,所述阀使制冷剂从所述背压室流入到包围所述马达的吸入室中,所述阀运动到所述关闭位置上以阻止制冷剂从所述背压室流出,根据所述阀所探测到的油温,所述阀可以在所述打开和关闭位置之间进行移动。
2.如权利要求1所述的涡旋式压缩机,其特征在于,所述阀设置在油返回线路中,因此返回油的温度使所述阀在所述打开和关闭位置之间进行运动。
3.如权利要求2所述的涡旋式压缩机,其特征在于,所述阀包括双金属阀件,该阀件根据温度在所述打开位置和关闭位置之间进行运动。
4.如权利要求2所述的涡旋式压缩机,其特征在于,所述油返回线路设置成使油返回到与所述马达相连的马达保护开关中。
5.如权利要求2所述的涡旋式压缩机,其特征在于,所述阀设置在通道中,该通道使所述背压室连通到所述油返回线路,并且从所述油返回线路到达所述吸入压力室中。
6.如权利要求1所述的涡旋式压缩机,其特征在于,所述背压室在所述第一涡卷件的所述基部后面限定出。
7.一种涡旋式压缩机,包括:
第一涡卷件,它具有基部和总体上呈螺旋形的外壳,该外壳从所述基部进行延伸,第二涡卷件具有基部和总体上呈螺旋形的外壳,该外壳从它的基部进行延伸,所述第一和第二涡卷件的所述外壳相互配合以限定出压缩室;
电动马达,它驱动旋转轴,所述旋转轴通过连接件连接到所述第一涡卷件上,从而使所述第一涡卷件相对于所述第二涡卷件进行旋转,并且减少了所述压缩室的尺寸大小,因此压缩收集起来的制冷剂;
背压室,它在所述第一涡卷件的所述基部后面限定出,所述背压室包括开关,以使制冷剂从压缩室到达所述背压室,所述抽头制冷剂使所述第一和第二涡卷件偏压在一起;及
油用来润滑涡旋式压缩机,油返回线路,和阀设置成露出到所述油返回线路中的油中,所述阀从打开位置移动到关闭位置上,当处于所述打开位置上时,所述阀使制冷剂从所述背压室流入到包围所述马达的吸入室中,所述阀运动到所述关闭位置上以阻止制冷剂从所述背压室流出,根据所述阀所探测到的温度,所述阀可以在所述打开和关闭位置之间进行移动。
8.如权利要求7所述的涡旋式压缩机,其特征在于,所述阀包括双金属阀件,该阀件根据温度在所述打开位置和关闭位置之间进行运动。
9.如权利要求7所述的涡旋式压缩机,其特征在于,所述油返回线路设置成使油返回到与所述马达相连的马达保护开关中。
10.如权利要求7所述的涡旋式压缩机,其特征在于,所述阀设置在通道中,该通道使所述背压室连通到所述油返回线路,并且从所述油返回线路到达所述吸入压力室中。
CNB2005100562955A 2004-04-07 2005-04-05 具有背压室的热油温度响应释放的涡旋式压缩机 Expired - Fee Related CN100441873C (zh)

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