Rotary optical encoder
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rotary optical encoder, particularly a kind of rotary optical encoder with commutation signal output function.
Background technology
Rotary optical encoder (rotary optical encoder) is mainly in order to survey the position of magnetic pole of rotor, its primary structure comprises optical transmitting set, optical receiver, intervenient code-wheel (code wheel) and coded slice (code plate) and treatment circuit, suitably design the pattern (pattern) of the encoded tracks on code-wheel and the coded slice, can obtain desired signal output.
The design of general servo motor, the rotary optical encoders that use are surveyed its turned position, speed and sense of rotation more, if servo motor is the brushless pattern, then how to provide required rotor-position signal traditionally, so that the correct commutation of stator winding electric current with Hall subassembly (Halldevices).For saving the space and reducing cost, just that brushless motor is the required commutation function of scrambler fabricator is integrated in the scrambler, with reach aforementioned requirement and provide more accurate commutation signal (U, V, W).
Please refer to Fig. 1, the rotary optical encoder of at present general tool commutation signal output, more than the coding of setting up three tracks (track) on the code-wheel, so code-wheel has just comprised the fine and closely woven slit 1 of equidistant distribution, and cooperate the rotor number of poles equidistantly to cut apart the encoded tracks 2,3,4 of the alternating expression distribution of (printing opacity, light tight), the combination of three encoded tracks thus can provide motor coil winding electric current commutation signal.
Yet, because three encoded tracks are set, need set up three optical sensors accordingly, and the lighting area of light emitting source needs to strengthen synchronously on code-wheel, to guarantee that the field of illumination contains whole optical sensors, this will cause the increase in demand in scrambler space and cost to rise.Therefore, the scrambler of seeking to improve the problems referred to above and providing required commutation signal to export, real is necessary.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that institute of the present invention desire solves, be how to overcome in the rotary optical encoder that known technology provides, for increasing commutation signal output, but cause the increase of code-wheel usage space, light-receiving module to increase and required problems such as lighting source volume increase.
Problem in view of above known technology, the invention provides a kind of rotary optical encoder, be used to export commutation signal in the permanent magnet motor, this permanent magnet motor comprises a rotating shaft and a rotor that is fixed in this rotating shaft, wherein this rotary optical encoder includes: a code-wheel, be coupled in this rotating shaft, and include an encoded tracks, this encoded tracks comprises a plurality of zones, described zone all is provided with one first perforate, one second perforate, one the 3rd perforate, one the 4th perforate, one the 5th perforate, with one the 6th perforate, wherein, this first perforate, this second perforate, with the 3rd perforate respectively with the 6th perforate, the 5th perforate, become symmetric relation with the 4th perforate; One optical transmitting set is in order to this code-wheel projection source; Two optical sensors lay respectively at the both sides of this code-wheel with this optical transmitting set, in order to survey the light intensity that sees through this code-wheel; And a treatment circuit, is connected with described optical sensor, in order to this light intensity is converted to commutation signal, and export commutation signal.
According to the rotary optical encoder of above-mentioned conception, wherein this first perforate and the 6th perforate are no perforate, and this second perforate and the 5th perforate are an equal portions perforate, and reaching the 3rd perforate and the 4th perforate is the halves perforate.
According to the rotary optical encoder of above-mentioned conception, wherein said optical sensor is an optical diode.
According to the rotary optical encoder of above-mentioned conception, wherein this treatment circuit comprises two datums, and one is subjected to light or nothing to be subjected to light in order to difference, and another is in order to the power of difference light income.
According to the rotary optical encoder of above-mentioned conception, wherein this treatment circuit comprises a plurality of series resistors, is voltage signal in order to convert light intensity.
According to the rotary optical encoder of above-mentioned conception, wherein this treatment circuit comprises a change-over circuit, is commutation signal in order to signal conversion voltage.
According to the rotary optical encoder of above-mentioned conception, wherein this change-over circuit is provided by a code translator.
According to the rotary optical encoder of above-mentioned conception, wherein this code translator uses PROM (programmable read only memory) as conversion of signals.
That is to say, the invention provides a kind of rotary optical encoder, consist predominantly of a code-wheel, an optical transmitting set, two optical sensors and treatment circuit thereof, wherein, code-wheel has an encoded tracks, on encoded tracks, comprise several zones, these zones all be provided with first perforate, second perforate, with the 3rd perforate and become with aforementioned perforate respectively symmetric relation the 6th perforate, the 5th perforate, with the 4th perforate; When code-wheel along with rotor rotates, to the code-wheel projection source, optical sensor then sensing sees through the light intensity of code-wheel, and by treatment circuit, light intensity is converted to commutation signal, and the output commutation signal by optical transmitting set.
The present invention also provides a kind of code-wheel, comprise and have the encoded tracks that simple perforate changes, this encoded tracks comprises several zones, these zones all be provided with first perforate, second perforate, the 3rd perforate, the 4th perforate, the 5th perforate, with the 6th perforate, wherein, first perforate, second perforate, with the 3rd perforate respectively with the 6th perforate, the 5th perforate, become symmetric relation with the 4th perforate.
According to the code-wheel of above-mentioned conception, wherein this first perforate and the 6th perforate are no perforate, and this second perforate and the 5th perforate are an equal portions perforate, and reaching the 3rd perforate and the 4th perforate is the halves perforate.
The present invention also provides a kind of coding method of rotary optical encoder, be used to export commutation signal in the permanent magnet motor, this rotary optical encoder comprises a code-wheel, this code-wheel comprises an encoded tracks, this encoded tracks comprises a plurality of zones, described zone all is provided with one first perforate, one second perforate, one the 3rd perforate, one the 4th perforate, one the 5th perforate, with one the 6th perforate, wherein, this first perforate, this second perforate, with the 3rd perforate respectively with the 6th perforate, the 5th perforate, become symmetric relation with the 4th perforate, wherein this coding method comprises step: with an optical transmitting set to this code-wheel projection source; See through the light intensity of this code-wheel with two light sensor probes; Receive the induction current that produces after the described photosensor senses light intensity; The transformation induction electric current is a voltage signal; Signal conversion voltage is a commutation signal; And output commutation signal.
According to the coding method of the rotary optical encoder of above-mentioned conception, wherein this first perforate and the 6th perforate are no perforate, and this second perforate and the 5th perforate are an equal portions perforate, and the 3rd perforate and the 4th perforate are the halves perforate.
According to the coding method of the rotary optical encoder of above-mentioned conception, wherein said optical sensor is an optical diode.
According to the coding method of the rotary optical encoder of above-mentioned conception, this transformation induction electric current step that is voltage signal wherein also comprises a step that two datums are provided, and one is subjected to light or nothing to be subjected to light in order to difference, and another is in order to the power of difference light income.
According to the coding method of the rotary optical encoder of above-mentioned conception, this transformation induction electric current step that is voltage signal wherein also comprises a step of relatively originating voltage signal and reference voltage, to obtain the level range of voltage signal.
According to the coding method of the rotary optical encoder of above-mentioned conception, wherein this signal conversion voltage is the step of commutation signal, also comprise a code translator with voltage signal as its Stored Value address, and store the step of the output valve of corresponding commutation signal.
That is to say that cooperate above-mentioned rotary optical encoder and code-wheel thereof, the present invention comprises a kind of coding method of rotary optical encoder, its step comprises: with optical transmitting set to the code-wheel projection source; See through the light intensity of code-wheel again with two light sensor probes; Receive the induction current that produces after the photosensor senses light intensity; The transformation induction electric current is a voltage signal; Signal conversion voltage is a commutation signal; At last, commutation signal is exported.
The effect that the present invention reached, being only needs to set up an encoded tracks on code-wheel, with two optical sensors and corresponding treatment circuit thereof, can reach the output of commutation signal, and takes into account requirements such as scrambler space and realization low cost simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of code-wheel of rotary optical encoder of the tool commutation signal output of prior art;
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram that is used in the rotary optical encoder of permanent magnet motor of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the composition synoptic diagram of rotary optical encoder of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the explanation rotor at ten magnetic poles of the present invention, the division of its code-wheel and commutation signal (U, V, distribution W) of reaching this division;
Fig. 5 is the part encoded tracks pattern synoptic diagram of explanation code-wheel provided by the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the process flow diagram of the coding method of rotary optical encoder of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the synoptic diagram of the treatment circuit of rotary optical encoder of the present invention; And
Fig. 8 illustrates the commutation signal output data of rotary optical encoder of the present invention.
1: slit
2,3,4: encoded tracks
Perforate in 5: the first
Perforate in 6: the second
Perforate in 7: the three
Perforate in 8: the four
Perforate in 9: the five
Perforate in 10: the six
13: sense of rotation
100: rotary optical encoder
110: code-wheel
111: slit
112: encoded tracks
120: optical transmitting set
130,140: optical sensor
150: treatment circuit
151: code translator
500: permanent magnet motor
510: rotor
520: rotating shaft
PD1, PD2: optical diode
R1, R2: series resistor
V1, V2: source voltage signal
Vref, V0: reference voltage
Cp0, Cp1, Cp2, Cp3: comparer
S0, S1, S2, S3: internal signal
U, V, W: commutation signal
Y0~Y7: output signal
W0~W15: Stored Value address
Step 600: with optical transmitting set to the code-wheel projection source
Step 610: the light intensity that sees through code-wheel with two light sensor probes
Step 620: receive the induction current that produces after the photosensor senses light intensity
Step 630: the transformation induction electric current is a voltage signal
Step 640: signal conversion voltage is a commutation signal
Step 650: output commutation signal
Embodiment
Please refer to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, rotary optical encoder 100 provided by the present invention is applied to a permanent magnet motor 500, so that the position of magnetic pole of rotor 510 to be provided.Rotary optical encoder 100 includes an optical transmitting set 120, a code-wheel 110, two optical sensors 130 and 140 and one treatment circuit 150.Wherein, code-wheel 110 is coupled in the rotating shaft 520 of permanent magnet motor 500, when transferring to 510 rotations, can drive code-wheel 110 rotations, on code-wheel 110, be carved with fine and closely woven slit 111 and encoded tracks 112 regularly and light-permeable, in code-wheel 110 both sides, an optical transmitting set 120 and two optical sensors 130 and 140 are installed respectively.When code-wheel 110 rotations, provide light source by optical transmitting set 120, the light quantities of optical sensor 130 and 140 impressions are then along with the printing opacity lines change synchronously, and by treatment circuit 150 light intensity are converted to commutation signal and export commutation signal, as the foundation of judging rotor 510 turned positions.
In general, permanent magnet motor for the rotor of a tool p magnetic pole, scrambler is divided into the individual zone of 360/ (p*3) with the rotor of a circle, each zone corresponds to a corresponding phase sequence, in whole circle (3*p) individual five equilibrium, six adjacent zones are one group, give independent numbering and repetitive cycling in regular turn, can tell (p/2) group of repetition altogether.As shown in Figure 4, be rotor, the division of its code-wheel and commutation signal (U, V, distribution W) of reaching this division at ten magnetic poles.
Rotary optical encoder 100 provided by the present invention by the change in pattern of encoded tracks, only is provided with an encoded tracks 112 on code-wheel 110, and the commutation signal output of using the code-wheel equivalence of three encoded tracks with tradition can be provided.
Fig. 5 illustrates the synoptic diagram of the encoded tracks pattern of code-wheel provided by the present invention.For convenient expression, the encoded tracks 112 of code-wheel 110 is stretching, and only list partial graph shape.According to six one group required on the code-wheel 110 and the position division of repetitive cycling, be provided with in regular turn first perforate 5, second perforate 6, with the 3rd perforate 7, and then formatting the 4th perforate 8 of successively decreasing with symmetry, the 5th perforate 9, with the 6th perforate 10, wherein, first perforate 5 and the 6th perforate 10 are no perforate, second perforate 6 and the 5th perforate 9 are an equal portions perforate, and reaching the 3rd perforate 7 and the 4th perforate 8 is the halves perforate.Owing to, can't distinguish the absolute position of these six perforates fully if only an optical sensor is set, obscure for avoiding causing, therefore use two optical sensors 130,140 to be fixed on the pedestal, be motionless reference point.
Below how explanation the present invention utilizes the change in pattern of encoded tracks 112 of code-wheel 110 to reach the output of equivalent commutation signal.
Fig. 6 is the main flow process of the coding method of rotary optical encoder of the present invention, comprises the following step: at first, to code-wheel projection source (step 600), code-wheel can cover or transmit light source with optical transmitting set; Then, see through the light intensity (610) of code-wheel with two light sensor probes; Then, receive the induction current (620) that produces after the photosensor senses light intensity; The transformation induction electric current is voltage signal (630); Signal conversion voltage is commutation signal (640); At last, then export commutation signal (650).
When code-wheel 110 rotates along with the rotor 510 of desiring sensing, by the variation of optical transmitting set 120 with perforate size on light source projects (step 600) and the code-wheel 110, but the variation (step 610) of optical sensor 130 and 140 perceived light intensity.If code-wheel 110 is according to sense of rotation 13 rotations, then the light quantity of two optical sensors 130 and 140 sensings will be in regular turn: (1,0), (2,1), (2,2), (1,2), (0,1), (0,0), (1,0),, monitor this two optical sensor 130 and 140 simultaneously, just can determine the absolute position of rotor 510 in six one group division.
Then, then optical sensor 130 and 140 light intensities that sensed are converted to commutation signal, with the output commutation signal by treatment circuit 150.Below be further described with regard to the realization of treatment circuit of the present invention.
Please refer to Fig. 7, the light quantity that optical sensor 130 and 140 receives is changed to 0,1,2, for effectively distinguishing this three-state, need provide two datums, and one is used for distinguishing and is subjected to light and nothing to be subjected to light, and another then is used for distinguishing light income for being bordering on one times or two times.Use optical diode PD1, PD2 as optical sensor 130 and 140, the induction current (step 620) that induces behind the receiving light power degree converts voltage to through series resistor R1, R2, becomes source voltage signal V1, the V2 (step 630) that can support use.Be the variation of this signal of identification simultaneously, import two reference voltage Vref and V0.Vref needs suitably to adjust, and makes its value approximate optical diode PD1, the PD2 light income is 1.5 o'clock (that supposes light income is changed to 0,1,2) pairing voltage signals; Same suitably design V0 size makes its value be slightly larger than optical diode PD1, PD2 and is not subjected to the light time (having only dark current) pairing voltage signal.
To originate voltage signal V1, V2 and reference voltage Vref, V0 makes comparisons, and can learn its level range.Among the present invention, use 4 comparator C p0, Cp1, Cp2 and Cp3, its output valve is respectively S0=V1-V2, S1=V2-V0, S2=V1-Vref and S3=V2-Vref.If the encoded tracks 112 of code-wheel 110 is according to sense of rotation 13 rotations, comparator C p0, Cp1, Cp2, can put in order as Fig. 8, wherein with the signal output of Cp3, multiple row goes out two groups of signals, and (V1 is V2)=(2,0) with (V1, when V2)=(0,2), mainly considering encoded tracks 112 rotations, (V1, V2) signal switches to (2 by (1,0), 1) and by (1,2) switch in the process of (0,1) contingent situation.
By internal signal (S3, S2, S1, S0) value gets final product the position of rotation of identification code-wheel 110, yet for the commutation signal output the same with the rotary optical encoder of traditional tool commutation signal is provided, needs at internal signal (S3, S2, S1 is S0) with commutation signal (U, V provides a change-over circuit between W), and this change-over circuit is provided by a code translator 151, internal signal (S3, S2, S1 is S0) through code translator 151, be convertible into commutation signal (U, V, W) (step 640) is with output commutation signal (U, V, W) (step 650), and stored value in the code translator 151, also visual actual conditions are made elasticity and are set.By Fig. 8 explanation to different (V1, V2) value, handle internal signal (S1 S0), then with the Stored Value address of this signal as code translator 151, stores corresponding commutation signal (U, V, W) output valve for S3, S2.
Wherein, code translator 151 adopts PROM (programmable read only memory) as conversion of signals, and this can increase the elasticity that product is adjusted with user demand difference under fixing hardware design.
In addition, in the rotary optical encoder of the present invention, the encoded tracks pattern of code-wheel has or not the part of perforate, so can not cause whole circle to be removed the situation of material.This is specially adapted to the code-wheel of metal material, because of it does not have additional support ground.Certainly, the encoded tracks pattern of code-wheel also can be designed to other pattern, as long as the result of photosensor senses can distinguish out the absolute position of each perforate of encoded tracks, does not promptly depart from the scope of the present invention.
Comprehensively above-mentioned, the present invention proposes a kind of rotary optical encoder and coding method thereof of exportable commutation signal, only need on code-wheel, to set up the encoded tracks that the simple perforate of a tool changes, and cooperate two optical sensors and corresponding treatment circuit, can provide permanent magnet motor required commutation signal output.Compare with prior art, the present invention can reduce because of increasing commutation signal and is output in the scrambler, the problem that the scrambler usage space that caused increases, optical sensor quantity increases and required lighting source volume increases, and can realize more low-cost, more small size, and the rotary optical encoder of commutation signal output appointment more full of elasticity.
Though preferred embodiment of the present invention discloses as mentioned above; right its is not in order to limit the present invention; any those skilled in the art; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; when can doing a little change and retouching, therefore scope of patent protection of the present invention must be looked defining of the appended claim of this instructions and is as the criterion.