CN1667909A - Battery equalization method and battery equalization circuit - Google Patents
Battery equalization method and battery equalization circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN1667909A CN1667909A CNA2005100387621A CN200510038762A CN1667909A CN 1667909 A CN1667909 A CN 1667909A CN A2005100387621 A CNA2005100387621 A CN A2005100387621A CN 200510038762 A CN200510038762 A CN 200510038762A CN 1667909 A CN1667909 A CN 1667909A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
A method for balancing energies of serial batteries characterizes in taking even serial batteries as a unit to get the intermediate value of voltage different between positive and negative of said batteries and comparing with the central end of said batteries, when the intermediate voltage is lower than that of the central end, the batteries below the central end are charged to balance the electricity above and under the central end. The serial battery set is divided into multiple even serial battery sets to be operated on said balance, so that energy of the entire serial battery set reaches the uniform distribution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and circuit thereof that the core that respectively economizes on electricity in series connected battery group or the battery pack is carried out the electric weight equilibrium, the rechargeable battery that uses that is suitable for connecting uses, the electric weight and the voltage of each battery are kept in balance, to show higher charge-discharge performance.
Background technology
Battery is used so that higher output voltage and bigger power capacity to be provided by connection in series-parallel usually, satisfies the demand of load driving.Because rechargeable battery has cost performance preferably, is widely used in each electronic product, even in the motor vehicle.Yet, no matter be lithium rechargeable batteries, plumbic acid rechargeable battery, or nickel-hydrogen chargeable cell, because all there is certain difference in the restriction of process conditions between the monomer electricity core, though can come part to deal with problems by the method for combo, but through after the charge and discharge cycle repeatedly, still can produce bigger voltage difference between the battery, the total available capacity of series battery is reduced, influence battery pack serviceability and life-span.Particularly when battery was used to motor vehicle, it is particularly outstanding that this influence becomes.
Be directed to this, people's battery balanced method that begins one's study by adjusting the voltage of a certain battery in the series battery respectively, makes each cell voltage be close, thereby can make each battery reach higher charged state substantially simultaneously.More common method is to adopt the Single-chip Controlling method at present, promptly obtain the voltage of every batteries respectively by the Single-chip Controlling sample circuit, it is compared, according to circumstances drive the discharge circuit on the respective battery again, make the higher battery discharge of voltage, thereby reach the equilibrium between each batteries.This method is owing to need accurately measure each batteries voltage, and total voltage of series battery is higher, cause the difficulty in the measurement, adding needs the corresponding single chip machine controlling circuit of configuration, make entire circuit realize that cost is higher, only be used at present the requirement of battery pressure reduction is wanted in the high lithium rechargeable batteries group, this also is to cause lithium rechargeable batteries to form one of this higher reason.
A kind of battery equalizing circuit is disclosed in Chinese invention patent application CN1275829A, it does not need to measure the voltage of each battery, but the battery pack that two adjacent series-connected cells constitute is carried out equilibrium, between two batteries, connect switching circuit, between the common node of battery and switching circuit, be connected a resonant circuit, alternately make resonant circuit in parallel by switching circuit, make flip-flop between them, flow by the function of resonant circuit as charge unbalance between first and second batteries with first and second batteries.This mode is indifferent to the virtual voltage of every batteries, and just control by the voltage difference between adjacent cell, make the adjacent cell electric voltage equalization, and then, by being set, many group equalizing circuits finally realize the electric voltage equalization of whole battery group, thereby avoided every batteries is carried out the trouble of voltage detecting, have extensibility preferably.Yet its equilibrium is by the resonant circuit realization, on the one hand, resonance coil and iron core need be set, cause the increase of equalizing circuit weight and volume, and be difficult to realize with integrated circuit, on the other hand, owing to introduced Alternating Component, can the output of battery pack be exerted an influence inevitably.
Summary of the invention
First goal of the invention of the present invention provides a kind of battery balanced method, does not need to measure the voltage of every batteries, and can adopt simple structure to realize electric voltage equalization;
Second goal of the invention of the present invention provides and adopts this method to carry out battery balanced circuit.
For reaching above-mentioned first goal of the invention, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of battery balanced method that is used for the energy of balanced series battery, be one group with the even number series-connected cell and carry out equilibrium, obtain the median of voltage difference between the anode of this even number series-connected cell and negative terminal, compare with the intermediate ends point voltage of this even number series-connected cell, when middle threshold voltage is higher than the intermediate ends point voltage, battery more than the middle end points is discharged, when middle threshold voltage is lower than the intermediate ends point voltage, battery below the middle end points is discharged, make that middle end points is above and the electric weight equilibrium of the battery that middle end points is following; Series battery is divided into a plurality of described even number series batteries, carries out described equilibrium respectively, make whole series battery reach the energy even distribution.
The design main points of technique scheme are, get the voltage theoretical value of the median of voltage difference between the positive and negative end of series-connected cell as middle end points, thereby, do not need to measure the voltage of each battery, directly compare, drive corresponding discharge loop work by theoretical potential value and intermediate ends point voltage, when both voltages near the time, discharging current is minimum, can ignore to the influence of battery.Wherein, being used to carry out balanced series battery, can be the cell of a plurality of series connection, is one group with 2 or 4 usually, also can be a plurality of electric core that is series in the batteries.
Further technical scheme, adopt same discharge loop, the voltage comparative approach of described median and middle end points is, both directly compare by discharge loop, when middle threshold voltage was higher than the intermediate ends point voltage, the above battery of middle end points was powered to realize discharge, simultaneously to discharge loop, discharge loop makes both electric weight equilibriums to the battery charge below the middle end points; When middle threshold voltage was lower than the intermediate ends point voltage, the following battery of middle end points was powered to realize discharge, the reverse flow of discharge loop electric current to discharge loop.
Another kind of scheme is median and intermediate ends point voltage to be carried out two-way relatively, respectively the discharge operation of above battery of end points and the following battery of middle end points in the middle of the control.
For reaching above-mentioned second goal of the invention, a kind of technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: a kind of battery equalizing circuit, the electric weight that is used for the battery pack of balanced even number series-connected cell formation, comprise bleeder circuit and discharge circuit, described bleeder circuit is arranged between the anode and negative terminal of described series battery, the intermediate valve position of described bleeder circuit is connected to an end of discharge loop through voltage follower circuit, and the other end of discharge loop is connected to the middle end points of series battery.
In the technique scheme, described voltage follower circuit is an emitter follower, and described discharge circuit is made of discharge resistance.
Another kind of technical scheme is, a kind of battery equalizing circuit, the electric weight that is used for the battery pack that balanced even number series-connected cell constitutes comprises bleeder circuit, first comparator, is connected in first discharge switch and first discharge resistance, second comparator between battery pack anode and the middle end points, is connected in second discharge switch and second discharge resistance between the end points and negative terminal in the middle of the battery pack; The normal phase input end of described first comparator connects the bleeder circuit intermediate valve position, and inverting input connects the middle end points of battery pack, and output drives first discharge switch; The normal phase input end of described second comparator connects the middle end points of battery pack, and inverting input connects the bleeder circuit intermediate valve position, and output drives second discharge switch.
In the technique scheme, described first discharge switch is made of the two-stage switching tube.
When series battery during more than 2 batteries, the technical scheme of employing is, a kind of battery equalizing circuit is provided with the battery equalizing circuit unit between every adjacent two batteries in series battery, and described each battery equalizing circuit unit is as described in the above-mentioned technical scheme.
Further, a kind of battery equalizing circuit, be used for the equilibrium of the above series-connected cell of 8 joints, comprise that two-stage battery equalizing circuit framework forms, between every adjacent two batteries, above-mentioned battery equalizing circuit unit is set, constitutes first order battery equalizing circuit, between every adjacent 4 batteries, above-mentioned battery equalizing circuit unit is set, constitute second level battery equalizing circuit, each battery equalizing circuit unit works alone respectively.
Because the technique scheme utilization, the present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
1. obtain the magnitude of voltage that the middle end points of series-connected cell should possess owing to the present invention utilizes bleeder circuit under equilibrium state, and then compare, and carry out equilibrium, thereby do not need to measure the magnitude of voltage of battery, simplified circuit structure with virtual voltage;
2. the present invention carries out equilibrium to adjacent cell, and each equalizing circuit unit can independently operate, and has fabulous extensibility;
3. adopt multilayer equalizing circuit unit configuration, can accelerate balancing speed, be specially adapted to the more occasion of series-connected cell joint number and use.
4. the present invention does not introduce alternating component, does not influence battery pack work; Work alone fully, not influenced by the battery pack operating state.
5. owing to do not contain big electric capacity and inductance in the circuit, be easy to integrated.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is that the circuit of the embodiment of the invention one connects block diagram;
Accompanying drawing 2 is that the circuit of an equalizing circuit unit among Fig. 1 connects block diagram;
Accompanying drawing 3 is the circuit theory schematic diagram of Fig. 2 correspondence;
Accompanying drawing 4 is the circuit connection diagram of Fig. 2 correspondence;
Accompanying drawing 5 is that the circuit of embodiment two connects block diagram;
Accompanying drawing 6 is that the circuit of an equalizing circuit unit among Fig. 5 connects block diagram.
Accompanying drawing 7 is the circuit theory schematic diagram of Fig. 6 correspondence.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is further described, has provided concrete equalizing circuit example among the embodiment,, but do not limit protection scope of the present invention in order to the concrete application of explanation equalization methods:
Embodiment one: referring to accompanying drawing 1 to shown in the accompanying drawing 4, a kind of battery equalizing circuit, the electric weight that is used for the series battery of balanced 8 joint lithium rechargeable batteries formations, it is formed by two-stage battery equalizing circuit framework, between every adjacent two batteries, one Battery pack equalizing circuit unit is set, constitutes first order battery equalizing circuit; Negative terminal 4 batteries, middle 4 batteries and anode 4 batteries are provided with a Battery pack equalizing circuit unit respectively, constitute second level battery equalizing circuit, each battery equalizing circuit unit works alone respectively.
The battery equalizing circuit unit of present embodiment comprises bleeder circuit and discharge circuit, described bleeder circuit constitutes by being arranged on 2 joints of required equilibrium or the anode of 4 batteries and the divider resistance between the negative terminal, the intermediate valve position of described bleeder circuit is connected to an end of discharge loop through voltage follower circuit, and the other end of discharge loop is connected to the middle end points of series battery; Wherein, the emitter follower of voltage follower circuit for constituting by integrated circuit LP324, discharge circuit is made of discharge resistance.
Shown in accompanying drawing 3, this is an equalizing circuit unit, be used for the first and second joint lithium rechargeable batteries that equilibrium is positioned at series connection lithium rechargeable batteries group negative terminal side, the anode of second batteries is B2, the negative terminal of first segment battery is B-, the middle end points that two batteries are connected in series is B1, bleeder circuit is made of resistance R 225 and R226, the emitter follower of voltage follower circuit for constituting by operational amplifier U206, adopt the part among the integrated circuit LP324, its power supply connects the anode B2 of second batteries and the negative terminal B-of first segment battery respectively, and output is end points B1 in the middle of discharge resistance R206 is connected to.When the first segment cell voltage was low, second batteries was by power positive end, the discharge resistance R206 discharge of amplifier; When the first segment cell voltage was higher, the power supply negative terminal discharge by discharge resistance R206, amplifier realized balanced.
Embodiment two: referring to accompanying drawing 5 to shown in the accompanying drawing 7, a kind of battery equalizing circuit, the electric weight that is used for the series battery of balanced 6 joint lithium rechargeable batteries formations, between every adjacent two batteries one Battery pack equalizing circuit unit is being set, described battery equalizing circuit unit comprises bleeder circuit, first comparator, be connected in first discharge switch and first discharge resistance, second comparator between battery pack anode and the middle end points, be connected in second discharge switch and second discharge resistance between the end points and negative terminal in the middle of the battery pack; The normal phase input end of described first comparator connects the bleeder circuit intermediate valve position, and inverting input connects the middle end points of battery pack, and output drives first discharge switch; The normal phase input end of described second comparator connects the middle end points of battery pack, and inverting input connects the bleeder circuit intermediate valve position, and output drives second discharge switch.Described first discharge switch is made of the two-stage switching tube.
Accompanying drawing 7 has provided the syndeton of a battery equalizing circuit unit in the present embodiment, two amplifiers that adopt integrated circuit LM239 are respectively as first comparator and second comparator, the bleeder circuit that is made of precision resistance R10 and R11 is with the voltage of B1 and B2 and accurately be divided into 1/2nd, compare with B1 then, the input of two comparators connects opposite, thereby the output result is opposite.When mid-point voltage is lower than B1, the voltage that shows second batteries is lower than first segment, at this moment, and second comparator output high-impedance state, the first comparator output low level, switching tube Q12 ends, and Q13 ends, because the dividing potential drop of resistance R 12 and R13 relation, switching tube Q11 conducting, make the second discharge resistance R19 and,, play proportionality action the first segment battery discharge at the two ends of first segment battery; When mid-point voltage is higher than B1, the voltage that shows second batteries is higher than the first segment cell voltage, this moment the second comparator output low level, first comparator output high-impedance state, switching tube Q11 ends, because the dividing potential drop of resistance R 14 and R15 relation, switching tube Q12 conducting, thus make switching tube Q13 because the dividing potential drop of R16 and R17 and conducting, the first discharge resistance R18 and at the two ends of second batteries, to the discharge of second batteries, play proportionality action.
Claims (9)
1. battery balanced method that is used for the energy of balanced series battery, it is characterized in that: be one group with the even number series-connected cell and carry out equilibrium, obtain the median of voltage difference between the anode of this even number series-connected cell and negative terminal, compare with the intermediate ends point voltage of this even number series-connected cell, when middle threshold voltage is higher than the intermediate ends point voltage, battery more than the middle end points is discharged, when middle threshold voltage is lower than the intermediate ends point voltage, battery below the middle end points is discharged, make that middle end points is above and the electric weight equilibrium of the battery that middle end points is following; Series battery is divided into a plurality of described even number series batteries, carries out described equilibrium respectively, make whole series battery reach the energy even distribution.
2. battery balanced method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: adopt same discharge loop, the voltage comparative approach of described median and middle end points is, both directly compare by discharge loop, when middle threshold voltage was higher than the intermediate ends point voltage, the above battery of middle end points was powered to realize discharge, simultaneously to discharge loop, discharge loop makes both electric weight equilibriums to the battery charge below the middle end points; When middle threshold voltage was lower than the intermediate ends point voltage, the following battery of middle end points was powered to realize discharge, the reverse flow of discharge loop electric current to discharge loop.
3. battery balanced method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: median and intermediate ends point voltage are carried out two-way relatively, respectively the discharge operation of above battery of end points and the following battery of middle end points in the middle of the control.
4. battery equalizing circuit, the electric weight that is used for the battery pack of balanced even number series-connected cell formation, it is characterized in that: comprise bleeder circuit and discharge circuit, described bleeder circuit is arranged between the anode and negative terminal of described series battery, the intermediate valve position of described bleeder circuit is connected to an end of discharge loop through voltage follower circuit, and the other end of discharge loop is connected to the middle end points of series battery.
5. battery equalizing circuit according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described voltage follower circuit is an emitter follower, and described discharge circuit is made of discharge resistance.
6. battery equalizing circuit, be used for the electric weight of the battery pack that balanced even number series-connected cell constitutes, it is characterized in that: comprise bleeder circuit, first comparator, be connected in first discharge switch and first discharge resistance, second comparator between battery pack anode and the middle end points, be connected in second discharge switch and second discharge resistance between the end points and negative terminal in the middle of the battery pack; The normal phase input end of described first comparator connects the bleeder circuit intermediate valve position, and inverting input connects the middle end points of battery pack, and output drives first discharge switch; The normal phase input end of described second comparator connects the middle end points of battery pack, and inverting input connects the bleeder circuit intermediate valve position, and output drives second discharge switch.
7. battery equalizing circuit according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described first discharge switch is made of the two-stage switching tube.
8. battery equalizing circuit is characterized in that: between every adjacent two batteries the battery equalizing circuit unit is set in series battery, described each battery equalizing circuit unit is as described in claim 5 or the claim 7.
9. battery equalizing circuit, be used for the equilibrium of the above series-connected cell of 8 joints, it is characterized in that: comprise that two-stage battery equalizing circuit framework forms, between every adjacent two batteries, be provided with as claim 5 or the described battery equalizing circuit of claim 7 unit, constitute first order battery equalizing circuit, be provided with as claim 5 or the described battery equalizing circuit of claim 7 unit between every adjacent 4 batteries, constitute second level battery equalizing circuit, each battery equalizing circuit unit works alone respectively.
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WO2008145017A1 (en) * | 2007-05-27 | 2008-12-04 | Zijin Lin | An energy balance lead storage battery |
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