CN1667129A - Method for producing sulfur free cutting and non-hardened and tempered steel - Google Patents

Method for producing sulfur free cutting and non-hardened and tempered steel Download PDF

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CN1667129A
CN1667129A CNA2004100065712A CN200410006571A CN1667129A CN 1667129 A CN1667129 A CN 1667129A CN A2004100065712 A CNA2004100065712 A CN A2004100065712A CN 200410006571 A CN200410006571 A CN 200410006571A CN 1667129 A CN1667129 A CN 1667129A
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steel
control
slag
refining
sulfur
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常开地
陈明跃
陈京生
张惠峰
赵焕春
刘光明
钱凯
王全礼
周德光
王坚
杨卫忠
王国瑞
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Shougang Corp
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Shougang Corp
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    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

This invention relates to manufacturing method of sulfurous free machining non- quenched and tempered steel. Desulfurization operation is not used in convertor, residue consumption is reduced, and convertor few residue smelting technology is realized. Appropriate deoxidizer and deoxidation technique is selected and high sulfur steel sulfide inclusion is controlled efficiently to make it tiny, uniform distributing, it realizes innocent treatment of high sulfur steel sulfide inclusion. Sulfur element absorptivity, narrow composition control and inclusion removal is ensured by refining technique and residue system research. The contradiction of reducing oxygen content and ensuring sulfur content is solved and high sulfur steel continuous casting low control problem. Sulfur in steel can be stably controlled to 0.040~0.060% by this invention, the history domestic convertor-refinery-continuous casting-binding and cold control technique can not produce sulfurous free machining non- quenched and tempered steel is changed. The steel quality is good and reaches to convertor-refinery-molded casting-binding and cold control technique level. It has been mass produced, and has good reflection from consumer.

Description

The production method of sulfur-bearing easy-cutting untempered steel
Affiliated field
The present invention relates to a kind of production method of sulfur-bearing easy-cutting untempered steel, be specially adapted to sulfur-bearing easy-cutting untempered steel converter-refining-continuous casting-control and prick the cold production of control.
Background technology
Non-hardened and tempered steel is a kind of green structured material of novel energy-conserving that saves modifier treatment, its performance and price are than being much better than traditional structure iron, be used for replacing quenched and tempered steel, have and save advantages such as the energy, material, technology are simple, can reduce environmental pollution, avoid oxidation, decarburization, distortion, cracking.Domestic production sulfur-bearing easy-cutting untempered steel traditional technology is: electrosmelting-refining-die casting-controlled rolling and controlled cooling.The sulfur-bearing easy-cutting untempered steel that adopts this method to produce, the purity of steel is poor, lumber recovery is low, production cost is high.In order to overcome the shortcoming of electrosmelting, the present invention proposes to adopt converter-refining-continuous casting-cooling controlling and rolling controlling process to produce the sulfur-bearing easy-cutting untempered steel, can significantly improve the steel purity like this, reduce production costs, and boosts productivity.
The sulfur-bearing easy-cutting untempered steel kind that tradition adopts electrosmelting-refining-die casting-cooling controlling and rolling controlling process to produce requires 0.035%≤S≤0.075% in the steel, and its composition is the steel that middle carbon adds elements such as vanadium, niobium, titanium.The production technique difficult point is the specific absorption of oxygen content in steel, element sulphur and the control of close limit, tiny, the uniform harmless treatment of inclusion and strand macrostructure.The aspect that relevant both at home and abroad non-hardened and tempered steel patent of invention relates generally to is for by being optimized to heating, the cooling apparatus that the branch design obtains high-strong toughness and non-hardened and tempered steel, for the smelting process of non-hardened and tempered steel, particularly adopt converter-refining-continuous casting-control to prick not report of the cold production technique of control.Converter-refining-continuous casting that the present invention adopts-control is pricked cooling control technology and is produced the sulfur-bearing easy-cutting untempered steel, has solved above-mentioned production technique difficult point fully.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, provide a kind of and adopt converter-refining-continuous casting-control to prick the stable technology of cooling control technology production sulfur-bearing easy-cutting untempered steel.Under the prerequisite that guarantees technology direct motion, slab quality and excellent mechanical performances, part replaces electric furnace-die casting-controlled rolling and controlled cooling production technique, thereby reduces production costs, and boosts productivity and quality product.
The present invention relates to a kind of production method of sulfur-bearing easy-cutting untempered steel, comprise converter smelting → pushing off the slag tapping → ladle deoxidation alloying → LF ladle refining → full guard casting → strand temperature control, the cold-controlled rolling and controlled cooling of control, double-slag operation is adopted in converter, end point carbon is by 0.15~0.25% control, terminal point phosphorus is by≤0.025% control, 1660~1680 ℃ of tapping temperatures, the pushing off the slag tapping; Use the Si-Ca-Ba final deoxygenation, add-on 3.0~4.0kg/t steel; Control the oxygen activity≤30ppm that arrives at a station; And add reductors such as Fe-Si powder, calcium carbide in batches, and keeping reducing atmosphere in the bag, converter smelting: the employing high-sulphur molten iron is a raw material, need not that molten iron is carried out secondary desulfurization and handles.The employing double slag process is smelted, and the basicity of strict control converter first slag and finishing slag adopts the dephosphorization of low temperature, high oxidation iron to protect the sulphur operation; Simultaneously, when converter tapping, add the low basicity pre-melted slag of 300kg/ stove, guarantee stablizing of sulphur content in order to prevent to add the loss that influence element sulphur behind the reductor; The refining of LF stove: refining slag system adopts basicity less than 2 low basicity fritting slag system, conventional aluminium deoxidizer technology has all been cancelled in pre-deoxidation and final deoxygenation operation, the refining later stage adopts hello sulphur line to be tailored into division technique, is implemented in the high-sulphur element sulphur close limit control of molten steel;
Continuous casting: the continuous casting process of casting blank surface temperature before the non-hardened and tempered steel continuous casting adopts 10~30 ℃ of low temperature, control pulling rate 1.5~2.4m/min, the temperature control of molten steel low overheat to align 〉=1020 ℃, control cold two cold specific water: 0.5~0.75L/kg;
Rolling: 1100~1180 ℃ of Heating temperatures, 1020~1100 ℃ of start rolling temperatures, 850~920 ℃ of finishing temperatures, the relative deformation: 15~35%, slow cool to room temperature after 0.8~1.5 ℃ of cooling control after rolling cooling rate/s to 600 ℃.
Refining is arrived at a station and is added the low basicity pre-melted slag of special preparation, composition, characteristic are respectively CaO:45.54%, SiO2:40.66%, Al2O3:2.80%, MgO:4.21%, CaF2:4.59%, S:0.28%, its fusing point of moisture: 0.48%.: 1342 ℃, the viscosity in the time of 1450 ℃: 0.55Pas.Guarantee that refining slag basicity is 1.5-2.0, stablize specific absorption and the narrow Composition Control of S, do not need to add traditional synthetic slag.
The present invention can stablize S:0.040-0.060% in the control steel, has rewritten the history that domestic converter-refining-continuous casting-cooling controlling and rolling controlling process can not be produced the sulfur-bearing easy-cutting untempered steel.The sulfur-bearing easy-cutting untempered steel of trial-production is superior in quality, has formed batch process, is dealt into the user and uses, and reflection is good.
The operational path of this invention:
Sulfur-bearing molten iron → converter smelting → pushing off the slag tapping → ladle deoxidation alloying → LF ladle refining → hello S line → steel ladle bottom argon blowing → full guard casting → strand temperature control, the cold → controlled rolling and controlled cooling of control.Comprise alkaline tundish, filtration barricade, full guard casting, induction stirring, strand temperature control, cold, the cc billet surface quality inspection of control.
The main technique measure of this invention:
Double-slag operation is adopted in converter, and end point carbon is controlled by 0.15~0.25%, 1660~1680 ℃ of tapping temperatures, pushing off the slag tapping.Use the Si-Ca-Ba final deoxygenation, add-on 3.0~4.0kg/t steel.Control the oxygen activity≤30ppm that arrives at a station.And add reductors such as Fe-Si powder, calcium carbide in batches, keep reducing atmosphere in the bag.Converter and refining are arrived at a station and are added the low basicity pre-melted slag of 300kg/ stove respectively, and the S line is fed in refining, guarantees the specific absorption and the narrow composition range of element sulphur.The soft blow time is guaranteed the soft blow effect greater than 10min, makes to be mingled with abundant come-up in the steel.And guarantee that continuous casting nozzle clogging do not occur and stops watering generation, obtain the good continuously cast bloom of surface quality.The casting of employing full guard, middle bag is provided with slag blocking wall, and crystallizer uses Al 2O 3≤ 4% low carbon protective slag.Crystallizer adopts induction stirring.The strand temperature control, the control cold.Strengthen the strand inspection, guarantee that milling train groove, guide and guard etc. are in good condition, guarantee the stocking surface quality.Strict control billet heating temperature, 1100~1180 ℃ of Heating temperatures, make the alloying element solid solution, avoid austenite crystal thick and ferrite minimizing and nettedization, 1020~1100 ℃ of start rolling temperatures, 850~920 ℃ of finishing temperatures, relative deformation: 15~35%, the too high recrystal grain that easily causes of finishing temperature is grown up, be unfavorable for deformation induced separating out, (the slow cool to room temperature after 600 ℃ of 0.8~1.5 ℃ of cooling rate/s) is guaranteed ferrite, perlite form and precipitate quantity, size, distribution to cooling control after rolling, guarantees the stocking performance.
1. finished product composition and Properties Control see Table 1,2
Table 1 sulfur-bearing easy-cutting untempered steel chemical Composition Control %
Grade of steel ????C ????Si ????Mn ???P ????S ????V
The sulfur-bearing easy-cutting untempered steel ????0.37~ ????0.44 ????0.30~ ????0.60 ????0.60~ ????1.50 ???≤0.035 ????0.035~ ????0.075 ????0.06~ ????0.13
Table 2 sulfur-bearing easy-cutting untempered steel Properties Control
Grade of steel ????σs(MPa) ??σb(MPa) ??δ 5(%) ??Ψ(%) ??A k(J)
The sulfur-bearing easy-cutting untempered steel ????≥490 ??≥785 ??≥15 ??≥28 ??≥32
Embodiment
The present invention relates to the production method of a kind of sulfur-bearing easy-cutting untempered steel converter-refining-continuous casting process, comprise sulfur-bearing molten iron → converter smelting → pushing off the slag tapping → ladle deoxidation alloying → LF ladle refining → feed S line → steel ladle bottom argon blowing → full guard casting → strand control cold → controlled rolling and controlled cooling.
Converter smelting: the employing high-sulphur molten iron is a raw material, need not that molten iron is carried out secondary desulfurization and handles.The employing double slag process is smelted, and the basicity of strict control converter first slag and finishing slag adopts the dephosphorization of low temperature, high oxidation iron to protect the sulphur operation; Simultaneously, when converter tapping, add the low basicity pre-melted slag of 300kg/ stove, guarantee stablizing of sulphur content in order to prevent to add the loss that influence element sulphur behind the reductor.The refining of LF stove: refining slag system adopts basicity less than 2 low basicity fritting slag system.Conventional aluminium deoxidizer technology has all been cancelled in pre-deoxidation and final deoxygenation operation.The refining later stage adopts hello sulphur line to be tailored into division technique, has realized in the high-sulphur element sulphur close limit control of molten steel.This technology has guaranteed that promptly lower oxygen level and stable sulphur content are arranged in the molten steel, the nozzle clogging of wrapping in when simultaneously having avoided continuous casting again.
Continuous casting: the non-hardened and tempered steel continuous casting adopt the molten steel low overheat low temperature, draw, control cold continuous casting process soon.Adopt this technology can alleviate of the harm of sulfide red brittleness, when having avoided the bleed-out accident, reduced the generation of continuous casting defectives such as casting blank off-square, corner crack, improved slab quality strand process and slab quality.
Calculate the convertor deacidification alloy addition according to the converter terminal composition, and in tapping process, add low basicity pre-melted slag, refining (FeO+MnO)<5% in the slag that arrives at a station.Refining is arrived at a station and is added low basicity pre-melted slag again, and refining finishes to feed the S line, guarantees S content in the steel.
Bag is provided with slag blocking wall in the continuous casting; Level 〉=the 700mm of Baogang in the control; Greater than 200mm, middle bag immerses the mouth of a river and inserts the following 120mm of mold liquid level the big bag of strict control long nozzle at the depth of penetration of middle bag liquid level.
Two cold employings are weak cold, and crystallizer adopts induction stirring, and the strand control is cold.
Converter process significant parameter such as table 3.
Refinery practice general data such as table 4.
Casting parameters sees Table 5.
Finished product composition and stocking mechanical property see Table 6.
Adopt converter-refining-continuous casting-control to prick the sulfur-bearing easy-cutting untempered steel that cooling control technology is produced, superior in quality, reached electrosmelting-refining-die casting-cooling controlling and rolling controlling process level, the every performance index of sulfur-bearing easy-cutting untempered steel of pricking cooling control technology production as the converter-refining-continuous casting of example in the table 6-control have reached the sulfur-bearing easy-cutting untempered steel that electrosmelting-refining-die casting-cooling controlling and rolling controlling process of comparative example is produced.
Table 3 YF40MnV non-hardened and tempered steel steel-making main technologic parameters
Heat Steel grade Molten iron temperature (℃) Terminal point composition (%) Tapping temperature (℃) Pre-molten slag (kg) Reductor (kg) SiCaBa Oxygen activity (ppm)
??C ??Mn ??P ??S
?D4233 ?YF40MnV ????1356 ??0.12 ??0.008 ??0.015 ??0.018 ????1677 ????300 ????250
?D4234 ?YF40MnV ????1345 ??0.13 ??0.007 ??0.017 ??0.015 ????1689 ????300 ????250 ????264.3
?D4235 ?YF40MnV ????1344 ??0.13 ??0.006 ??0.012 ??0.019 ????1674 ????300 ????250 ????250
?D4236 ?YF40MnV ????1341 ??0.26 ??0.008 ??0.013 ??0.020 ????1670 ????300 ????250 ????135.1
?D4237 ?YF40MnV ????1349 ??0.16 ??0.008 ??0.010 ??0.018 ????1657 ????300 ????250 ????228.6
?D4238 ?YF40MnV ????1253 ??0.15 ??0.006 ??0.010 ??0.029 ????1662 ????300 ????250 ????377
Table 4 YF40MnV non-hardened and tempered steel refining main technologic parameters
Heat Steel grade Oxygen activity (ppm) Closure component (%) Temperature (℃) The soft blow situation Pre-molten slag (kg) S line (m)
??C ??Si ??Mn ??P ??S ??V Finish Bull ladle Time (min) Flow (NL/min)
??3D4233 ??YF40MnV ??23.3 ??0.43 ??0.38 ??1.30 ??0.016 ??0.050 ??0.11 ??1579 ??1565 ????10 ????19 ??300 ??350
??3D4234 ??YF40MnV ??15.3 ??0.42 ??0.37 ??1.28 ??0.017 ??0.050 ??0.12 ??1579 ??1557 ????17 ????67 ??300 ??300
??3D4235 ??YF40MnV ??18.3 ??0.43 ??0.38 ??1.30 ??0.017 ??0.047 ??0.1 ??1560 ??1555 ????11 ????14 ??300 ??360
??3D4236 ??YF40MnV ??15.9 ??0.43 ??0.37 ??1.28 ??0.017 ??0.048 ??0.1 ??1574 ??1551 ????12 ????43 ??300 ??300
??3D4237 ??YF40MnV ??18.9 ??0.41 ??0.37 ??1.28 ??0.012 ??0.050 ??0.1 ??1571 ??1553 ????15 ????18 ??300 ??300
??3D4238 ??YF40MnV ??15.6 ??0.42 ??0.38 ??1.29 ??0.013 ??0.055 ??0.09 ??1570 ??1557 ????14 ????27 ??300 ??350
Table 5 YF40MnV non-hardened and tempered steel continuous casting main technologic parameters
Heat Medial temperature (℃) Average superheating temperature (℃) Pulling rate (m/min) Covering slag Two cold water distributions (L/kg) Induction stirring Slab quality Rolling parameter
Electric current (A) Frequency (Hz) Heating temperature (℃) Start rolling temperature (℃) Finishing temperature (℃) Roll postcooling
??3D4233 ??1526 ????38 ?2.1~2.3 ??XLZ-53B ??0.75 ??800 ??5 Well ??1100~ ??1150 ??1020~ ??1080 ????850~920 Control cold
??3D4234 ??1521 ????31 ?2.1~2.3 ??XLZ-53B ??0.75 ??800 ??5 Well ??1100~ ??1150 ??1020~ ??1080 ????850~920 Control cold
??3D4235 ??1515 ????27 ?2.1~2.3 ??XLZ-53B ??0.75 ??800 ??5 Well ??1100~ ??1150 ??1020~ ??1080 ????850~920 Control cold
??3D4236 ??1510 ????23 ?2.1~2.3 ??XLZ-53B ??0.75 ??800 ??5 Well ??1100~ ??1150 ??1020~ ??1080 ????850~920 Control cold
??3D4237 ??1517 ????27 ?2.1~2.3 ??XLZ-53B ??0.75 ??800 ??5 Well ??1100~ ??1150 ??1020~ ??1080 ????850~920 Control cold
??3D4238 ??1517 ????26 ?2.1~2.3 ??XLZ-53B ??0.75 ??800 ??5 Well ??1100~ ??1150 ??1020~ ??1080 ????850~920 Control cold
Table 6 YF40MnV non-hardened and tempered steel finished product composition and mechanical property
Heat Finished product composition (%) Mechanical property Remarks
?C ?Si ?Mn ?P ?S ?V ????σs ????(MPa) ????σb ????(MPa) ????δ 5????(%) ????Ψ(%) ????A k(J)
3D4233 ?0.43 ?0.38 ?1.30 ?0.016 ?0.050 ?0.11 ????560 ????860 ????20 ????37 ????50 Example
3D4234 ?0.42 ?0.37 ?1.28 ?0.017 ?0.050 ?0.12 ????550 ????830 ????22 ????41 ????64 Example
3D4235 ?0.43 ?0.38 ?1.30 ?0.018 ?0.047 ?0.10 ????570 ????900 ????16 ????33 ????48 Example
3D4236 ?0.44 ?0.38 ?1.29 ?0.017 ?0.047 ?0.10 ????570 ????900 ????16 ????33 ????45 Example
3D4237 ?0.41 ?0.37 ?1.27 ?0.012 ?0.048 ?0.10 ????535 ????820 ????22 ????41 ????62 Example
3D4238 ?0.42 ?0.38 ?1.29 ?0.014 ?0.053 ?0.09 ????525 ????785 ????24 ????52 ????53 Example
A ?0.44 ?0.36 ?1.42 ?0.010 ?0.047 ?0.097 ????535 ????820 ????16 ????39 ????55 Comparative example

Claims (2)

1, a kind of production method of sulfur-bearing easy-cutting untempered steel, comprise converter smelting → pushing off the slag tapping → ladle deoxidation alloying → LF ladle refining → full guard casting → strand temperature control, the cold-controlled rolling and controlled cooling of control, double-slag operation is adopted in converter, end point carbon is by 0.15~0.25% control, terminal point phosphorus is by≤0.025% control, 1660~1680 ℃ of tapping temperatures, the pushing off the slag tapping; Use the Si-Ca-Ba final deoxygenation, add-on 3.0~4.0kg/t steel; Control the oxygen activity≤30ppm that arrives at a station; And add reductors such as Fe-Si powder, calcium carbide in batches, and keep reducing atmosphere in the bag, it is characterized in that:
Converter smelting: the employing high-sulphur molten iron is a raw material, need not that molten iron is carried out secondary desulfurization and handles.The employing double slag process is smelted, and the basicity of strict control converter first slag and finishing slag adopts the dephosphorization of low temperature, high oxidation iron to protect the sulphur operation; Simultaneously, when converter tapping, add the low basicity pre-melted slag of 300kg/ stove, guarantee stablizing of sulphur content in order to prevent to add the loss that influence element sulphur behind the reductor;
The refining of LF stove: refining slag system adopts basicity less than 2 low basicity fritting slag system, conventional aluminium deoxidizer technology has all been cancelled in pre-deoxidation and final deoxygenation operation, the refining later stage adopts hello sulphur line to be tailored into division technique, is implemented in the high-sulphur element sulphur close limit control of molten steel;
Continuous casting: the continuous casting process of casting blank surface temperature before the non-hardened and tempered steel continuous casting adopts 10~30 ℃ of low temperature, control pulling rate 1.5~2.4m/min, the temperature control of molten steel low overheat to align 〉=1020 ℃, control cold two cold specific water: 0.5~0.75L/kg;
Rolling: 1100~1180 ℃ of Heating temperatures, 1020~1100 ℃ of start rolling temperatures, 850~920 ℃ of finishing temperatures, the relative deformation: 15~35%, slow cool to room temperature after 0.8~1.5 ℃ of cooling control after rolling cooling rate/s to 600 ℃.
2, the production method of sulfur-bearing easy-cutting untempered steel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: refining is arrived at a station and is added the low basicity pre-melted slag of special preparation, composition, characteristic are respectively CaO:45.54%, SiO2:40.66%, Al2O3:2.80%, MgO:4.21%, CaF2:4.59%, S:0.28%, moisture: 0.48%.Its fusing point: 1342 ℃, the viscosity in the time of 1450 ℃: 0.55Pas.Guarantee that refining slag basicity is 1.5-2.0, stablize specific absorption and the narrow Composition Control of S, do not need to add traditional synthetic slag.
CNA2004100065712A 2004-03-10 2004-03-10 Method for producing sulfur free cutting and non-hardened and tempered steel Pending CN1667129A (en)

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CN101245432B (en) * 2007-07-06 2011-01-26 天津钢铁有限公司 Technique for producing wire rod for low carbon drawn wire
CN102211160A (en) * 2011-05-13 2011-10-12 攀钢集团有限公司 Continuous casting method of sulfur-containing easy-cutting pinion steel
CN101956044B (en) * 2009-07-16 2012-11-21 攀钢集团研究院有限公司 Refining method for improving clean class of steel
CN105478702A (en) * 2015-12-11 2016-04-13 钢铁研究总院 Method for refining TiC in TiC particle reinforced type wear-resistant steels
CN105803308A (en) * 2016-03-19 2016-07-27 上海大学 Magnesium and calcium-containing 45MnVS free machining quenched and tempered steel and manufacturing method thereof
CN106086593A (en) * 2016-07-26 2016-11-09 江苏省沙钢钢铁研究院有限公司 Molten steel smelting process for preventing nozzle nodulation in pouring process of sulfur-containing and aluminum-containing steel
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CN107267705A (en) * 2017-05-27 2017-10-20 石家庄钢铁有限责任公司 The Narrow Composition Control method of sulfur-bearing aluminium nitrogen easy-cutting untempered steel
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CN107557531A (en) * 2017-07-31 2018-01-09 钢铁研究总院华东分院 A kind of non-hardened and tempered steel sulphide inculsion control method of barium alloy processing
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CN109252086A (en) * 2017-07-13 2019-01-22 鞍钢股份有限公司 Production method of high-sulfur steel
CN110453035A (en) * 2019-09-02 2019-11-15 湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司 A kind of inclusion control method improving steel processing performance
CN110541114A (en) * 2019-10-08 2019-12-06 武汉钢铁集团鄂城钢铁有限责任公司 smelting method of high-nitrogen high-sulfur low-aluminum steel
CN110714161A (en) * 2019-10-17 2020-01-21 中天钢铁集团有限公司 High-sulfur free-cutting steel for automobile and production process thereof
CN111441005A (en) * 2020-05-25 2020-07-24 江苏联峰实业有限公司 Free-cutting non-quenched and tempered steel and production method thereof
CN111663072A (en) * 2020-06-19 2020-09-15 中天钢铁集团有限公司 Anti-nodulation high-sulfur non-quenched and tempered steel smelting process
CN113802058A (en) * 2021-08-17 2021-12-17 首钢集团有限公司 Low-coercivity free-cutting steel and smelting method thereof
CN115341151A (en) * 2022-08-29 2022-11-15 西安建筑科技大学 Rare earth oxide reinforced non-quenched and tempered steel and production process thereof

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CN101245432B (en) * 2007-07-06 2011-01-26 天津钢铁有限公司 Technique for producing wire rod for low carbon drawn wire
CN101956044B (en) * 2009-07-16 2012-11-21 攀钢集团研究院有限公司 Refining method for improving clean class of steel
CN102211160A (en) * 2011-05-13 2011-10-12 攀钢集团有限公司 Continuous casting method of sulfur-containing easy-cutting pinion steel
CN106521329A (en) * 2015-09-14 2017-03-22 通化钢铁股份有限公司 Production method for non-quenched and tempered free-cutting steel
CN105478702A (en) * 2015-12-11 2016-04-13 钢铁研究总院 Method for refining TiC in TiC particle reinforced type wear-resistant steels
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