CN1664965A - Electromagnet system control device - Google Patents

Electromagnet system control device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1664965A
CN1664965A CN 200510009253 CN200510009253A CN1664965A CN 1664965 A CN1664965 A CN 1664965A CN 200510009253 CN200510009253 CN 200510009253 CN 200510009253 A CN200510009253 A CN 200510009253A CN 1664965 A CN1664965 A CN 1664965A
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capacitor
parallel
exciting coil
circuit
magnet exciting
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CN 200510009253
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Chinese (zh)
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王有元
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Abstract

The invention discloses an electromagnet system controller, composed of voltage reduction capacitor, short-circuited loop, compensation circuit and excitation coil, where one end of the voltage reduction capacitor is connected with that of an AC power supply and the other end connected with the other one of the AC power supply through a rectifier of the excitation coil and the excitation coil; two or above compensation circuits, connected in parallel, are connected in parallel with the rectifier and then connected in the power supply loop. It adopts the charging nad discharging of electrolytic capacitor to compensate electromagnetic field energy after the switch is broken and simultaneously makes alternation switch broken in an arc-free state, therefore it works reliably and stably; besides, the attraction of the electromagnet is large, the weight is reduced, the volume is reduced and thus the action is flexible so as to make the electromagnet quickly respond. The addition of a fast releasing circuit meets the requirement for the fast releasing of electromagnetic system of AC contactor, thus completely beneficial to arc extinguishing for the main loop of the contactor. The system controller assures low temperature of the excitation coil and saves energy, reducing the cost by 30%. It can replace a mechanical switch with a solid switch and the electromagnet has high reliability.

Description

Electromagnet system control device
Technical field the utility model relates to a kind of control device of electromagnet, is a kind of electromagnet system control device specifically.
The electromagnet that is made of fixed core, moving iron core and magnet exciting coil is of wide application, traction or braking electromagnet can be used as the drive unit of plant equipment, it is applicable to fields such as transportation, metallurgy, mine, building and hoisting equipment, is adopted by the magnetic system of the A.C. contactor in the low-voltage electrical apparatus field simultaneously.
The stroke moving unshakable in one's determination of background technology electromagnet is generally several centimetres, the suction-combining force does not wait to hundreds of kgfs from several kgfs, it is characterized in that iron core opens the very large exciting current of needs when big, and after the adhesive unshakable in one's determination as long as the exciting current of tens milliamperes or hundreds of milliampere can produce enough big the suction-combining force, the load force that acts on the moving iron core mostly is spring force greatly, spring force is always opposite with the suction-combining force direction, and therefore moving suction unshakable in one's determination must just can make the electromagnet closure greater than spring force.
At present, alternating electromagnet generally adopts the alternating current excitation, and the alternating electromagnet power consumption is big, and for example consume maximum power is 2.2KVA in the MQ1-8N electromagnetic actuation process, and keeping the process consumed power is 170VA, and hum is arranged.Suction drops to zero with the exciting current zero passage, so alternating electromagnet suction pulse, and suction is little, and volume is excessive, very heaviness.
Energy-saving magnetic system has appearred in the magnetic system of A.C. contactor, the suction-combining force of this system still exists the shortcoming of randomness, move in the attracting process unshakable in one's determination by the dc high voltage excitation after the rectification, closed back unshakable in one's determination is disconnected high voltage by switch, be converted into low-voltage, therefore little current excitation can economize on electricity, and hum free.But, because to switch change-over time being difficult to monitoring,,, switch also might occurring and can't turn-off high voltage if depart from the position of the switch if switch conversion in advance can cause the moving iron core can't closed accident, and with the accident of magnet exciting coil scaling loss.The deviation that switch transition voltage occurs can't be given full play to suction unshakable in one's determination, thus iron core still volume is big and heavy.After adopting the electron solid switch to replace mechanical switch, can postpone to change high voltage is low-voltage, overcomes the randomness of suction, but causes big current time long again, makes magnet exciting coil overheated, influences the breaking operation frequency.So the mechanical switch changing voltage time is timely, is its advantage; Shortcoming is can depart from change-over time,
Summary of the invention the objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming and a kind of electromagnet system control device is provided, and it is in attracting process unshakable in one's determination, carries out energy compensating and extinguishing arc, gives full play of the suction-combining force unshakable in one's determination, makes iron core little, and action response is fast; Change over switch reliable operation, stable, whole device is energy-conservation.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
This electromagnet system control device is made of short circuit loop, compensating circuit and the magnet exciting coil of decompression capacitor C1 and this electric capacity, one end of decompression capacitor connects an end of AC power, and the other end is through the rectifier of magnet exciting coil, the other end that magnet exciting coil connects AC power; Two or more compensating circuit parallel connections insert in the electric power loop again with after rectifier is in parallel.
The further scheme of above-mentioned controller is: by decompression capacitor C1, and short switch K, compensating circuit and the magnet exciting coil of this electric capacity constitute, one end of decompression capacitor connects an end of AC power, and the other end is through the rectifier Z7~Z10 of magnet exciting coil, the other end that magnet exciting coil L connects AC power; Two building-out capacitor C2, C3 parallel connection, current-limiting resistance R1 with insert each building-out capacitor after diode Z1 is in parallel, building-out capacitor C1, the C2 of above-mentioned parallel connection is with after short switch K is in parallel, and be in parallel again with decompression capacitor through another rectifier Z3~Z6.
Its magnet exciting coil of above-mentioned electromagnet system control device also connects the rapid release circuit, and this circuit is to be made of the peripheral cell that is connected in series electronic switching tube G and switching tube in the circuit of magnet exciting coil L.
Above-mentioned electromagnet system control device, its another scheme is: decompression capacitor C1 short circuit in parallel loop, this short circuit loop is a solid switch, it is made of one-way SCR G1 and full-wave rectifying circuit Z18~Z21; The other end of AC power forms the loop through the diode Z19 and the power supply of diode Z16, resistance R 9, capacitor C 7, C6, solid switch; Capacitor C 7 connects the control utmost point of controllable silicon G1 through resistance R 8, voltage-stabiliser tube G2; Magnet exciting coil L1 full-wave rectifier Z7~Z10 in parallel, there is a tap its centre, connect building-out capacitor C2, C3 in parallel through diode Z14, above-mentioned electric capacity is connected with diode Z1, formation discharge loop in parallel with L1 after capacitor C 2, C3 in parallel connects with Z1, secondary coil L2 connects capacitor C 6 through diode Z15, forms charge circuit; C6 provides direct voltage can for the timer ic 555, trigger current is provided for again controllable silicon G1; C6 charges to C5 through R10, and 8,4 pin of timer 555 connect DC power supply, and 2,6 pin connect capacitor C 5 and form regularly transition statuses, and its 3 pin output is through the control utmost point of voltage-stabiliser tube G2, the controllable silicon G1 of company.
The moving stroke unshakable in one's determination of A.C. contactor is usually within 2 centimetres, so iron core has two sections air gaps.And the stroke of electromagnet can reach 5 centimetres bigger even, and therefore air gap unshakable in one's determination is one section, and another section air gap is the equidistant slip that keeps 1 millimeter with fixed core unshakable in one's determination, therefore can be considered and has only one section air gap.No matter how different the core construction form is, The present invention be directed in the attracting process unshakable in one's determination, behind the switch transition exciting voltage, carry out energy compensating and extinguishing arc and a kind of novel rectifying compensation field circuit of designing.It gives full play of the suction-combining force unshakable in one's determination, and iron core weight is lightened, volume-diminished, thereby flexible movements, and response speed is fast, and guarantees that excitation coil of wire temperature is low, reaches advantages such as energy-conservation.
Electromagnet system control device of the present invention, its effect are that AC excitation is become DC excitation after rectification, and the DC excitation size of current is controlled by external circuit.The present invention adopts mechanical switch or solid switch to change the size of DC excitation voltage, come to the field compensation energy by the electrolytic capacitor charging current during switch disjunction, the switch branch is had no progeny, and the charging current of electrolytic capacitor becomes exciting current, continues to give the magnetic field makeup energy.Therefore the breaking current of switch is near zero, arcing and can scaling loss not during the switch disjunction.Thoroughly like this overcome in the electromagnetic actuation process randomness of the suction that is caused when high voltage is converted into low-voltage.
Another one technical characterictic of the present invention is to adopt current-limiting resistance and diode parallel connection, and the impulse current value of controlling electrolytic capacitor can not surpass certain limit.Through test for many years, found the ability of electrolytic capacitor withstand shock electric current, as long as the impulse current value is limited within limits, electrolytic capacitor just can be because of impulse current, and damages or reduce capacitance.
The invention has the advantages that, 1, its adopts the energy of electromagnetic field that electrolytic capacitor discharges and recharges the compensating switch branch to have no progeny, and can also make change over switch K be in disjunction under the no arcuation attitude simultaneously, so reliable operation and stablizing, the not burning of K switch contact, the time of changing voltage can not produce yet departs from.2, electromagnet suction is big, and weight lightens, and volume-diminished, thereby flexible movements make the electromagnet response speed fast.3, accelerate quick-release discharge road, be fit to the fast requirement of rate of release of the electromagnetic system of A.C. contactor, highly beneficial to the arc extinguishing of contactor major loop.4, in compensating circuit, add current-limiting resistance to electrochemical capacitor; prevent the excessive damage capacitor of electric current or its capacity is reduced; prolong the useful life of components and parts; be that magnet exciting coil L1 has individual tap in circuit with solid switch; make electric current unlikely excessive; protection building-out capacitor 5, native system controller guarantee that the magnet exciting coil temperature is low, energy-conservation.6, this device electromagnet volume is little, and control circuit is simple, reliable, and comparable existing apparatus is saved cost 30%.7, because mechanical switch must have actuating unshakable in one's determination, so the installation site requires accurately can replace mechanical switch with solid switch.By the time of timer control solid switch short circuit decompression capacitor, provide the high voltage excitation to excitation coil of electromagnet, after moving closure fully unshakable in one's determination, timer is transformed into the disjunction state with solid switch by "on" position, provide low voltage excitation to magnet exciting coil after making the decompression capacitor step-down, keep the electromagnet closure state.Electromagnet can economize on electricity significantly like this, and improves the reliability of electromagnet.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit theory diagrams of existing energy-saving Contactor Magnetic System;
Fig. 2 is electromagnet system control device circuit theory diagrams of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the electromagnet system control device schematic diagram of band rapid release circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is an electromagnet structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the electromagnet system control device schematic diagram of band solid switch of the present invention and timer.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is existing energy-saving Contactor Magnetic System circuit diagram, energy-saving closed back unshakable in one's determination exciting voltage provides after capacitor C1 step-down, and unshakable in one's determination before closure, mechanical switch K is with capacitance short-circuit, directly be added in high voltage on the rectifier bridge, the dc high voltage excitation is provided after the rectification, in the moving attracting process unshakable in one's determination, will closure before, by the moving insulating knockout pin that drives unshakable in one's determination K switch is backed down, the K branch is had no progeny, and capacitor C1 is sealed in the circuit, makes high voltage be converted to low-voltage and exciting current is provided for magnet exciting coil L.Because the difference of closing phase angle, the difference of arcing time length in the time of can causing the K switch disjunction, the difference of arcing time length will inevitably cause the difference of the suction-combining force unshakable in one's determination, and Tie Xin size will design by the worst situation of adhesive like this, so core volume is big and heavy.
Fig. 2 is electromagnet system control device circuit theory diagrams of the present invention, C1 is a decompression capacitor among the figure, K is the mechanical switch that is provided with for shorted condenser, but K switch is not directly in parallel with capacitor C1, but after being direct current with AC rectification, rectifier bridge Z3~Z6 is connected on DC side, in parallel by two-way electrolytic capacitor C2 and C3 with K, electrolytic capacitor C2 and C3 be series limiting resistor R1 and R2 respectively, R1 and R2 are in parallel with diode Z1 and Z2 respectively again, and the effect of rectifier bridge is to guarantee that the electrolytic capacitor folk prescription is to discharging and recharging.Alternating current provides the DC excitation electric current for after second rectifier bridge Z7~Z10 rectification again magnet exciting coil L.
Electrolytic capacitor C2 and C3 have two effects, and the first is had no progeny enough big current channel is provided when mechanical switch K divides, arcing not during assurance K disjunction.The another one effect is that the K branch is had no progeny, C2 and C3 charge respectively and reach crest voltage, therefore the electric weight of charging is a fixed value, therefore charging current is only decided by the magnet exciting coil impedance, is not subjected to external interference, has thoroughly overcome the adverse effect that the randomness because of the alternating current closing phase angle produces, continue to have enough big charging current after the K disjunction like this, the enough big energy of compensation makes unshakable in one's determination closed smoothly, and withstands the vibrations that cause because of moving collision unshakable in one's determination, makes it to keep the steady closure state.It is little current excitation after low-voltage is kept closure unshakable in one's determination with high voltage drop that charging finishes back decompression capacitor C1, guarantees working stability unshakable in one's determination, reliable.
Electrolytic capacitor C2 and C3 can only be operated in the DC circuit, therefore in parallel with K after rectifier bridge just can be connected to alternating current circuit, so just can adopt electrolytic capacitor to give disposable energy compensating to alternating current circuit, thereby produce bigger charging current, the electrolytic capacitor multi-channel parallel just can improve the ability of withstand shock electric current.
Behind the control power cut-off, moving iron core is resetted by closure state, drives the K closure, as shown in Figure 4 state.Capacitor C2 and C3 are through current-limiting resistance R1 and R2 discharge, the effect of current-limiting resistance is to prevent that discharging current is excessive and damage capacitor or condenser capacity is reduced, through evidence for many years, when 10 μ F electrolytic capacitor charging and discharging currents are no more than 4A, electrolytic capacitor discharges and recharges more than 1,000 ten thousand times and can not damage and the reduction capacity, and the frequency of operation per second of electromagnet can not cause the electrolytic capacitor heating for 1 time.With the effect of current-limiting resistance diode connected in parallel Z1 and Z2 be capacitor C2 and C3 quick charge when in moving closing course unshakable in one's determination, driving the K disjunction, because the tube voltage drop of diode is lower, it is slower that K disjunction transient voltage is risen, therefore K can the starting the arc, capacitor C2 and C3 charging current is at this moment come current limliting by magnet exciting coil L, can not produce excessive impulse current.Why want two-way or the parallel connection of multichannel capacitor, can provide bigger charging and discharging currents exactly, two-way 10 μ F electrolytic capacitor charging and discharging currents reach 8A, can not cause the capacitor damage and fall appearance.
Can see by Fig. 4, the 3rd, moving unshakable in one's determination, the 5th, fixed core, the 4th, magnet exciting coil, the 2nd, change over switch, the 1st, insulating knockout pin.
Can see the electromagnet system control device schematic diagram of band rapid release circuit by Fig. 3, when the electromagnet outage discharges, because rectifier bridge becomes the afterflow passage of exciting current, electromagnet can prolong more than 150 milliseconds release time when afterflow was excessive, made the electromagnet response speed low excessively, sealed in field effect transistor G in magnet exciting coil L path for this reason, G uses as switch, behind power cut-off, G turn-offs continuous current circuit discharges electromagnet at once, can increase substantially moving rate of release unshakable in one's determination.
The grid voltage of switching tube G is provided by C4, but voltage must be supplied with after Z12 and R4 step-down, after voltage-stabiliser tube Z12 effect is the control power cut-off, can turn-off the grid voltage of G rapidly, grid shunt regulator tube Z13 and the R5 of G, the effect of Z13 is that grid voltage is stabilized in certain limit, prevents that grid voltage is too high and damages switching tube G.The gate charge of rapid bleed off G turn-offed G rapidly when the effect of R5 was outage.R6 is the discharge resistance of C4, and R3 is a current-limiting resistance, prevents that the C4 charging current is excessive, and the effect of diode Z11 is to make the C4 folk prescription to charging, stops C4 to magnet exciting coil L discharge, makes C4 keep high-voltage state, provides stable grid voltage to G.
Other components and parts effects are identical with Fig. 2 among Fig. 3, have not repeated.After increasing the rapid release circuit, electromagnet controlling power supply outage back is short release time, and moving rate of release unshakable in one's determination is fast, meets the fast requirement of rate of release of the electromagnetic system of A.C. contactor more, and is highly beneficial to the arc extinguishing of contactor major loop.
Fig. 5 is the electromagnet system control device schematic diagram of band solid switch of the present invention and timer, and AC power meets full-wave rectifier Z7-Z10 through decompression capacitor C1, and this rectifier meets magnet exciting coil L1; The two ends of decompression capacitor C1 solid switch in parallel, it is made of one-way SCR G1 and full-wave rectifier Z18-Z21; The other end of AC power forms the loop through the diode Z19 and the power supply of diode Z16, resistance R 9, capacitor C 7, C6, solid switch; Capacitor C 7 connects the control utmost point of controllable silicon G1 through resistance R 8, voltage-stabiliser tube G2; There is a tap centre of magnet exciting coil L1, connect building-out capacitor C2, C3 in parallel through diode Z14, above-mentioned electric capacity is connected with diode Z1, formation discharge loop in parallel with L1 after C2, C3 in parallel connects with Z1, secondary coil L2 connects capacitor C 6 through Z15, forms charge circuit; C6 provides direct voltage can for the timer ic 555, trigger current is provided for again controllable silicon G1; C6 charges to C5 through R10, and 8,4 pin of timer 555 connect DC power supply, and 2,6 pin connect capacitor C 5 and form regularly transition statuses, and its 3 pin output is through the control utmost point of voltage-stabiliser tube G2, the controllable silicon G1 of company.
AC power provides to electromagnet through decompression capacitor C1 and keeps electric current, when electromagnetic actuation, need big current excitation, by solid switch with capacitor C 1 short circuit, after the moving closure fully unshakable in one's determination, by timer 555 the triggering signal short circuit of G1 is fallen, it is reliably closed to make magnet exciting coil keep electromagnet under low-voltage.When electromagnet comes to a startup, just behind the firm combined floodgate of AC power, by capacitor C7 after diode Z16 halfwave rectifier, again by charging to capacitor C 6 after the current-limiting resistance R9 current limliting, provide triggering signal to controllable silicon after the voltage stabilizing value of the voltage of this electric capacity greater than voltage-stabiliser tube G2, make the G1 conducting, high voltage, big current excitation are provided for magnet exciting coil L1.
Owing to do not recharge after capacitor C 7 voltages reach peak values of ac, therefore capacitor C 6 can only provide trigger current one time, but after magnet exciting coil L1 added high pressure, secondary coil L2 induced high voltage, continue the charging to C6 through diode Z17, this electric capacity can keep constant trigger current like this.The voltage of L2 remains the voltage waveform after the interchange full-wave rectification, therefore, can constantly provide charging current to C6, makes this electric capacity keep trigger current, and G1 is in conducting state.
Magnet exciting coil L1 centre tap charges to capacitor C2, C3 through diode Z14, supply voltage is the positive half wave after the rectification, shape invariance, it is reverse to bear half-wave, when descending afterwards less than C2, C3 charging voltage by peak value, C2, C3 discharge to L1 through diode Z1, and the exciting current of L1 is provided by C2, C3, source current drops to zero, so the electric current of G1 conducting also is zero.If there is not triggering signal, G1 can reliable turn-off.So the effect of C2, C3 be guarantee G1 can be in big inductive circuit the reliable turn-off circuit.
After the complete closure of electromagnet, when control pin 2,6 capacitor C that connect 5 of ic 555 are charged to given changing voltage value through resistance R 10, make 3 pin short circuit over the ground, the trigger current short circuit is fallen, G1 does not have trigger current to turn-off like this.L1 does not have high voltage, and L2 does not have high voltage yet, and no longer to C6 charging, G1 does not have no longer conducting of trigger current, and magnet exciting coil L1 operates in low-voltage, little current status and economizes on electricity.Capacitor C 5 is prepared regularly for start electromagnet next time through diode Z17 discharge, and resistance R 11 discharges capacitor C 7 voltages, provide for the first time triggering signal to prepare for electromagnet starts next time, and electromagnet just can start and operate as normal repeatedly like this.Resistance R 7 is discharge resistances of capacitor C 6, C5.

Claims (4)

1, a kind of electromagnet system control device, it is characterized in that: it by decompression capacitor C1, and short circuit loop, compensating circuit and the magnet exciting coil of this electric capacity constitute, one end of decompression capacitor connects an end of AC power, and the other end is through the rectifier of magnet exciting coil, the other end that magnet exciting coil connects AC power; Two or more compensating circuit parallel connections insert in the electric power loop again with after rectifier is in parallel.
2, electromagnet system control device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is made of short switch K, compensating circuit and the magnet exciting coil of decompression capacitor C1 and this electric capacity, one end of decompression capacitor connects an end of AC power, and the other end is through the rectifier of magnet exciting coil, the other end that magnet exciting coil connects AC power; Two building-out capacitor C2, C3 parallel connection, current-limiting resistance R1 with insert each building-out capacitor after diode Z1 is in parallel, building-out capacitor C1, the C2 of above-mentioned parallel connection is with after short switch K is in parallel, and be in parallel again with decompression capacitor through another rectifier Z3~Z6.
3, according to the described electromagnet system control device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: its magnet exciting coil also connects the rapid release circuit, and this circuit is to be made of the peripheral cell that is connected in series electronic switching tube G and switching tube in the circuit of magnet exciting coil L.
4, according to the described electromagnet system control device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: its decompression capacitor C1 short circuit in parallel loop, this short circuit loop is a solid switch, it is made of one-way SCR G1 and full-wave rectifying circuit Z18~Z21; The other end of AC power forms the loop through the diode Z19 and the power supply of diode Z16, resistance R 9, capacitor C 7, C6, solid switch; Capacitor C 7 connects the control utmost point of controllable silicon G1 through resistance R 8, voltage-stabiliser tube G2; Magnet exciting coil L1 full-wave rectifier Z7~Z10 in parallel, there is a tap its centre, connect building-out capacitor C2, C3 in parallel through diode Z14, above-mentioned electric capacity is connected with diode Z1, formation discharge loop in parallel with L1 after capacitor C 2, C3 in parallel connects with diode Z1, secondary coil L2 connects capacitor C 6 through diode Z15, forms charge circuit; C6 provides direct voltage can for the timer ic 555, trigger current is provided for again controllable silicon G1; C6 gives capacitor C 5 chargings through resistance R 10, and 8,4 pin of timer 555 connect DC power supply, and 2,6 pin connect capacitor C 5 and form regularly transition statuses, and its 3 pin output is through voltage-stabiliser tube G2, connect the control utmost point of controllable silicon G1.
CN 200510009253 2005-02-01 2005-02-01 Electromagnet system control device Pending CN1664965A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102054624A (en) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-11 上海电科电器科技有限公司 Control circuit of multipole electromagnetic switch
CN102723700A (en) * 2012-04-24 2012-10-10 上海诺雅克电气有限公司 Direct-current contact switch breaking protective circuit and contactor
CN109378150A (en) * 2018-11-12 2019-02-22 四川德胜集团钒钛有限公司 Electromagnet excitation magnetic circuit
CN110699871A (en) * 2019-11-18 2020-01-17 杰克缝纫机股份有限公司 Sewing machine presser foot control circuit and sewing machine presser foot control system

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102054624A (en) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-11 上海电科电器科技有限公司 Control circuit of multipole electromagnetic switch
CN102054624B (en) * 2009-10-30 2013-06-19 上海电科电器科技有限公司 Control circuit of multipole electromagnetic switch
CN102723700A (en) * 2012-04-24 2012-10-10 上海诺雅克电气有限公司 Direct-current contact switch breaking protective circuit and contactor
CN109378150A (en) * 2018-11-12 2019-02-22 四川德胜集团钒钛有限公司 Electromagnet excitation magnetic circuit
CN110699871A (en) * 2019-11-18 2020-01-17 杰克缝纫机股份有限公司 Sewing machine presser foot control circuit and sewing machine presser foot control system
CN110699871B (en) * 2019-11-18 2022-08-02 杰克科技股份有限公司 Sewing machine presser foot control circuit and sewing machine presser foot control system

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