CN1664524A - Fan coil heat exchange quantity metering method by air side enthalpy potential method - Google Patents
Fan coil heat exchange quantity metering method by air side enthalpy potential method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an enthalpy potential method of measuring crosswind quantity of the fan coil pipe, the measuring steps is as follows: 1) measuring the dry bulb temperature and relative humidity of the air outlet and inlet; 2) computing the enthalpy value h1,h2 of the air from the data measured in step(1); 3) measuring the power and getting the air quantity, the compute formula is: G=a.N1/3+b, N is the consumed power of the coil pipe, a, b is fitting factor, 4) computing the instant air quantity of the fan coil pipe from the motor power, the compute formula is: Q=G(h1-h2), G is air quantity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of heat metering method that is used for fan coil cooling unit, mainly is a kind of fan coil heat exchange quantity metering method by air side enthalpy potential method.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the development of heat metering technology, the heat measurement problem of central air-conditioning system also begins to receive publicity.Existing document all has different introductions to the method for central air-conditioning system heat metering with research, for example have and adopt and the identical calorimeter method of northern heat metering method principle, also have the two warm flowmeter methods of water side of coming, and use more chronometry at fan coil cooling unit or the like in the engineering from the development of calorimeter principle.At first the method for six kinds of heat meterings such as calorimeter method of occurring in recent years is introduced below.
(1) calorimeter method
The heat metering of central air-conditioning system begins to adopt the method identical with the heating system heat metering, instant heating scaling method most.The principle of work of calorimeter is to flow into heat-exchange system (heating radiator, heat interchanger etc.) by the hot water that thermal source provides with certain higher temperature, flows out with lower temperature, in this process, provides heat by exchange heat to the user.Within a certain period of time, the heat that obtains of user can be by following Equation for Calculating:
Wherein, Q
bBe the heat of heat-exchange system output, KW; K
ρ cIt is the correction factor of hot water proportion and specific heat; t
sAnd t
rBe respectively confession, return water temperature, ℃; V is the hot water flow of calorimeter of flowing through in the certain hour, m
3/ h.The structure of calorimeter is made up of a hot water flow meter, a pair of temperature sensor and an integrating instrument.
(2) chronometry
This method uses sampling thief to obtain the voltage signal at the terminal electric two-way valve of air-conditioning equipment two ends, and signal reached the charge instrument, the charge instrument detects the signal of each sampled point by repeating query, the time that each user's motorized valve is opened adds up, and data are sent to computer, thereby obtain the time that the user uses air conditioning water.Simultaneously, sampling thief also obtains the corresponding gear signal of user's end-equipment air quantity, also reaching the charge instrument stores, the charge instrument again with the charging dataphone, carry out data base administration, and, so just can determine that user's actual usefulness is cold according to user's usefulness heat and the cumulative time the heat of using of the specified system heat of this air quantity gear as user's reality.
(3) two temperature flowmeter methods
The measuring principle of two temperature flowmeter methods promptly is that a flowmeter and two temperature sensors are installed on water lines, by measuring flow and supply and return water temperature by end-equipment, and according to the thermodynamics formula:
Calculate the heat that the user obtains from air-conditioning system.Wherein, Q
sBe system heat, KJ; W is the water yield by user's end-equipment, kg/s; C is a specific heat of water, kJ/kg ℃; t
r, t
sBe respectively the return water temperature and the supply water temperature of chilled water, ℃; t
mBe the cumulative time, s.
(4) harmonic wave reaction method measurement Law
The Hu Yixiong of Central South University etc. propose this method, be to start with from the ultimate principle of air-conditioning and construction calculation of cooling load, adopt harmonic wave reaction calculation of cooling load method that each refrigeration duty with the cold moment of user is carried out Theoretical Calculation, again according to obtain with cool time the user total use heat.Concrete way is in the appropriate location of each air-conditioned room a highly sensitive temperature sensor to be installed, room temperature is monitored in real time, 1 electron irradiation meter and 1 temperature sensor respectively are installed in the appropriate location of the four sides in building exterior wall, measure each solar illumination and outside air temperature constantly respectively, and these monitor values are delivered to CPU (central processing unit) handle.Also to differentiate the user whether with cold, if the judgement user just notes the user with cold with the cold time period simultaneously according to the end-equipment start signal of each unit.After stopping cooling every day, at first temperature wave function that obtains the same day by the outside air temperature value and the solar irradiance value on the same day (comprise outside air temperature ripple, each towards outdoor air integrated temperature ripple) and solar irradiance wave function, utilize harmonic wave reaction coefficient method to calculate the refrigeration duty in each moment on the same day between self-contained flat then, at last, count the heat of using on user same day according to the user with the cool time section.
(5) standard condition heat revised law
At the top of the water inlet manifold of central air-conditioning system and the terminal of total rising pipe a temperature sensor is installed respectively respectively, and flowmeter is installed on house steward, the output terminal of these two temperature sensors and flowmeter is connected with computer respectively, and computer calculates the actual total system heat Q of total system in this section time interval with particular time interval sampling supply backwater temperature difference and discharge
zSimultaneously survey air quantity gear signal and at the return air inlet mounting temperature sensor, also output to computer at each typhoon coiler place of system's end, computer is determined the heat correction factor C of fan coil when the different return air temperature according to return air temperature
j, determine the standard condition system heat Q of fan coil according to the air quantity gear signal
i(C
jAnd Q
iAll import computer in advance), and the standard condition that their addition calculation draw total system always made heat Q
BzComputer is selected corresponding coefficient C for use again according to the temperature signal of return air
j, by formula
Calculate the actual system heat Q of fan coil in this time interval
i', and then computer is accumulated the heat of using that obtains every typhoon coiler to the time.
(6) wind side experimental formula measurement Law
River hundred million teachers of Tsing-Hua University start with and obtain the method for a kind of wind side heat metering from the angle of fan coil steady state heat transfer.This method is by analyzing the heat transfer of surface cooler for fan coil, drawing architectural characteristic coefficient C, inflow temperature t that the factor that influences fan unit control heat Q has fan coil
W1, discharge W, return air temperature t
1Reach relative humidity φ and coil pipe air quantity G totally 6 variablees, and draw following relational expression:
Q＝f(C，t
1，φ，t
w1，G，W) (4)
Know after the relation of research system heat Q and above-mentioned 6 variablees that by experiment under the certain structure form, some variable is inapparent as the influence of discharge W and air quantity G exchange heat in certain scope.Suppose inflow temperature t simultaneously
W1Can be well controlled at refrigerating plant room with two variablees of discharge W, therefore, it is given that these two parameters also can be used as initial set value, so the system heat of fan coil can further be reduced to following formula:
Q＝f(t
1，φ，G) (5)
So the metering of heat can be simply obtained with temperature, humidity and the Wind Coverage Calculation of return air, and the measurement of preceding two parameters is easy to realize, air quantity also can obtain by the state of monitoring three speed switch.This method is suitable for deciding the heat metering of the fan coil central air-conditioning system of chilled-water flow, and in this case, its error in dipping can be controlled in 15%, generally can satisfy on-the-spot heat measuring requirement.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned deficiency and the fan coil heat exchange quantity metering method by air side enthalpy potential method of a kind of relatively low cost, high-performance, metering justice, relatively accurate, easy-to-install central air-conditioning system is provided.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems.It is poor by the enthalpy of the temperature and humidity acquisition turnover wind of measuring fan coil turnover wind both sides that this patent provides, on experimental basis by measuring the moment air quantity that power of motor obtains fan coil, thereby draw the size (being thermal power) of fan coil moment heat: moment heat=turnover wind enthalpy difference * moment air quantity * turnover wind average density.This fan coil heat exchange quantity metering method by air side enthalpy potential method of the present invention, 1), measure to import and export the dry-bulb temperature and the relative humidity of air its step is as follows:; 2), dry-bulb temperature and the relative humidity by the import and export air that records calculates the enthalpy h that passes in and out air
1, h
23), measure power and obtain air quantity, computing formula is as follows: G=aN
+ b (11), wherein, N is the power consumption of coil pipe, a, b are fitting coefficient; 4), by the fan coil power of motor convert draw fan coil moment air quantity method, the computing formula of wind side heat is: Q=G (h
1-h
2) (10) wherein, air quantity G, the turnover air enthalpy h
1, h
2
This fan coil heat exchange quantity metering method by air side enthalpy potential method can also be by measuring the moment air quantity that motor speed obtains fan coil, and its step is as follows:
1), measure rotation speed of fan and obtain air quantity, computing formula is as follows:
G＝∑G
i＝∑(m
i·v
i+n
i) (11-1)
Or G=∑ G
i=∑ (mV
i+ n) (11-2)
Or G=∑ G
i=∑ (m V+ n) (11-3)
Wherein,
I (1, the blower fan number of single coil pipe);
G
iThe air quantity of sending for i blower fan of coil pipe;
V
iBe i rotation speed of fan of coil pipe, V=∑ V
i/ blower fan number;
m
i, n
iBe the fitting coefficient of i blower fan of coil pipe, m, n are the average fit coefficient of this coil pipe blower fan.
2), by the fan coil power of motor convert draw fan coil moment air quantity method, the computing formula of wind side heat is:
Q＝G(h
1-h
2) (10)
Wherein, the enthalpy h of air quantity G, turnover air
1, h
2
Certainly, the same with the point position situation, this problem also needs to study by experiment and solves, and two coefficients in the formula need also by experiment that results measured obtains with homing method.
Measuring principle is as follows:
A grooved optoelectronic switch frame of forming by light emitting diode and phototriode of installing in the draught fan impeller both sides, when the light of aperture on the draught fan impeller and light emitting diode not point-blank the time, the light of light emitting diode can not be mapped to the window of photosensitive tube, phototriode is just exported a high level, when the light of aperture on the draught fan impeller and light emitting diode point-blank the time, the light of light emitting diode is mapped to the window of photosensitive tube, photosensitive tube is just exported a low level, draught fan impeller whenever turns around just can obtain 1 pulse, therefore, p.s., detected umber of pulse multiply by 60 tachometer values that equal the draught fan impeller per minute just.
Advantage that the present invention is compared with prior art had or good effect: six kinds of heat metering methods of above introduction respectively have characteristics.Such as calorimeter method and two warm flowmeter methods, its benefit is the accuracy height, is applicable to the system of household metering or stratified stoichiometric, as residential housing, the maximum benefits of these buildings be central air-conditioning system by dispensing branch road, family, the installation calorimeter of having ready conditions; But for most of public buildings, air-conditioner water system can't separate by the user, and the method for calorimeter metering is owing to be subjected to the restriction of air-conditioner water system then powerless, and price is too high simultaneously, and complexity is installed, and is difficult in maintenance, also will be subjected to investment limitation during application.The shortcoming of this method is that the flowmeter price is higher, and this metering method is only applicable to the heat metering of some new constructions, if for the transformation of existing engineering, it is then bigger to existing water system line rupture protection valve to install flowmeter additional, and feasibility is not high.
The advantage of chronometry is simple and convenient, and initial cost is few, is easy to realize in the fan coil central air-conditioning system; But because it directly adopts specified system heat on the air conditioner end equipment nameplate as user's actual confession heat, the accuracy of measuring is lower, and error is bigger, is unfavorable for the reasonable fee of air-conditioning.Relations such as system heat when foreign scholar Martha once used fan coil and air intake, air-out, Inlet and outlet water, air quantity have been carried out detailed experiments research respectively, draw the conclusion that can not adopt simple model that the system heat of fan coil is calculated, otherwise cause than large deviation easily.
The harmonic wave reaction method is according to the situation of actual measurement, and the measuring accuracy of this method will be higher than chronometry, and initial cost is lower than two warm flowmeter methods.But this metering method must be understood the indoor thermal source situation of each room unit and the particulars of the hot rerum natura of building enclosure, may cause error in dipping greatly under the situation that indoor thermal source changes greatly or the switching on and shutting down frequency is high.
Though standard condition heat measurement Law is simple and convenient, realize that more easily weak point is: the one, the system heat of fan coil be not only and return air temperature relation is arranged, the 2nd,
Not strict theoretic direct relation, and
The truth that can not reflect sub-load.
The initial cost of wind side experimental formula measurement Law is low, and monitoring parameter is few, can be good at being used in combination with temperature controller, and need not destroy water system, and project installation is simple, and the heat charging that especially is fit to existing fan coil cooling unit is transformed.Its weak point is, freeze the discharge system for turning cold,, certainly will produce bigger error in dipping owing to do not have directly to monitor the water yield that coil pipe changes constantly, and the metering formula that draws and the performance of product have much relations, the product of different manufacturers can getable formula difference to some extent.And along with the lengthening of service time, the accuracy of formula is also doubtful.
In actual applications, the situation that several method is combined use is also arranged.For example calorimeter method and chronometry are combined, carry out stratified stoichiometric, use heat at user's end of every layer with the chronometry metering is terminal again, as the basis of sharing with heat according to floor with the calorimeter method.Do the advantage that combines two kinds of metering methods like this, both avoided big, the installation complexity of whole use calorimeter investments, can reduce the big shortcoming of chronometry error to a certain extent again.
Mainly fan coil heat exchange quantity metering method by air side enthalpy potential method and water side heat metering method are compared, to embody the characteristics of wind side enthalpy potential method more clearly.
(1) water side method is installed complexity, and wind side method is installed simple
Water side metering method will install flowmeter additional on water pipe line, also a pair of temperature sensor will be installed, and flowmeter and temperature sensor construction more complicated are installed on water lines.And wind side method to original air-conditioning system without any influence, and install temperature and relative humidity sensor air condition is measured also quite convenient.
(2) water side method maintenance difficult, wind side method is easy to maintenance
Because flowmeter principle of work complexity repair difficulty especially, and the air mass flow of wind side enthalpy potential method is to be transformed into electric parameter measurement, so wind side enthalpy potential method has just been lacked this link.And metering method by air side enthalpy potential method keep in repair operation to air-conditioning system at ordinary times without any influence, the maintenance of water side method then must stop the operation of air-conditioning system and just can carry out, very trouble.
(3) wind side metering method precision is low than water side method
The principle of water side heat metering method and the principle of calorimeter are basic identical.If stipulate according to these, the measuring accuracy of water side heat measuring apparatus also 5%～15% with interior (precision of measuring apparatus is by the decision of the precision of institute's employing survey sensor).And for metering method by air side enthalpy potential method, because measurement parameter is than water side fado, calculating relates to the soft air state computation of relative complex, add that this main parameter of air quantity will be converted into electric parameter measurement, and measurement accuracy awaits to determine by experiment, and these all might cause the precision of wind side enthalpy potential method not have the precision height of water side method.
(4) method investment in water side is high, and method investment in wind side is low
Water side heat metering method is owing to adopt flowmeter, and therefore investment is high, because the price of flowmeter is usually in (import more expensive) more than thousand yuan.Singly be the price of flowmeter the price with fan coil is suitable, and such price user obviously can not accept, this also is the main cause that water side metering method is difficult for applying.In the author in Dec, 2003 Siemens, Danfoss, Tangshan being converged, the product price of domestic and international company of family has been carried out market survey surplus Beijing moral treasured, Foshan love section etc. 10, calorimeter for the DN20 bore, the imported product quotation is at 2000～3500 yuan, and homemade goods is offered at 1200～2000 yuan.But for wind side enthalpy potential method, cost of products only is made up of Temperature Humidity Sensor, electrical parameter measuring device, integrating instrument and corresponding circuit board etc., through the investment analysis of Hangzhou Homewell Intelligence Control Co., Ltd., cost of products is very low, compared with water side method remarkable advantages is arranged.
Fan coil heat exchange quantity metering method by air side enthalpy potential method and water side metering method respectively have characteristics more as can be seen by top, and this also causes two kinds of each have their own applicabilities of method.For example, if desired each end is measured, water side method is obviously improper so, because except will also bearing very big investment system's terminal position is installed several gauging tables.But if desired certain zone or certain floor are measured, wind side enthalpy potential method is just powerless, and at this moment water side method becomes unique method, and the gauging table problem of ultra-high price is also because the few and feasible total investment of quantity is still little.So, a kind of method that fan coil heat exchange quantity metering method by air side enthalpy potential method in fact just measures at the surface cooler end.
As can be seen, bigger from the discussion of top characteristics to various metering methods for the general output investment ratio of the high method of the accuracy of measuring, and be subjected to the restriction of system form many; And simple and convenient for installing, invest low heat metering method, error is then very big.That is to say do not have which method to take into account in the method for present heat metering and consider accuracy, investment and installation and maintenance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the work synoptic diagram of enthalpy potential method heat measuring apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a heat calculation flow chart in summer of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a heat calculation flow chart in winter of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1 fan coil; 2 measuring apparatus; 3 import Temperature Humidity Sensors; 4 outlet Temperature Humidity Sensors; 5 power-measuring devices; 6 sensor signal transmission lines.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is further described.
Fan coil belongs to the water-cooled surface-type heat exchanger, its, heat transfer process was in summer: water side water inlet pipe place feeds low-temperature cold water, meanwhile, the coil pipe blower fan is with higher temperature blows air over coil heat exchanger, water passes through in the coil heat exchanger pipe, externally water temperature raises along the pipe flow process under the forced-convection heat transfer effect of airflow scouring heat exchanger fin, until last outflow heat exchanger, and air-flow is after carrying out energy exchange through heat exchanger fin, it is lower that temperature also becomes, thereby obtain low-temperature airflow in the coil pipe exit.If the fin surface temperature is lower than the dewpoint temperature of air-flow in heat transfer process, on fin, will there be condensate water to generate, at this moment we claim that the heat transfer process of fan coil is the wet cooling condition heat transfer process, or are referred to as " clammy "; If the fin surface temperature is higher than the dewpoint temperature of air-flow, just there is not condensate water to produce, at this moment then be called the dry cooling condition heat transfer process, or be referred to as " dry and cold ".And for winter condition, heat exchange has then become the process of a heating, and the water of the coil pipe of flowing through is the hot water higher than air themperature, and water temperature reduces after the heat exchange, and air raises through temperature behind the coil pipe.Winter condition is owing to being heating, so all be the dry cooling condition process.
For fan coil, the accounting equation of its heat transfer process can be used formula (7)～(9) expression:
Q＝G(h
1-h
2)＝Wc(t
w2-t
w1) (9)
Above the meaning of three The Representation Equation be that fan coil heat exchange quantity calculates three conditions that must satisfy and is: the first, the ε that coil heat exchanger can reach
1' should equal the ε that air handling process needs
1The second, the ε that coil heat exchanger can reach
2' should equal the ε that air handling process needs
2The 3rd, the heat that the heat of coil pipe water side draught receipts (emitting) should be sidelong out (absorption) with wind equates.Satisfy this three conditions, what we can be with the heat of top solution of equation air side and water side according to the starting condition of wind side and water side just.Wherein, ε
1And ε
2Represent the heat exchanger effectiveness coefficient and the contact coefficient of fan coil respectively, what the former represented is the ratio of actual heat of heat interchanger and maximum possible heat, the ratio of actual heat and maximum possible heat when the latter represents only to consider the variation of air condition.The ε that coil heat exchanger can reach
1', ε
2' except with the relating to parameters of wind side, water side, also and the structural parameters C of coil pipe much relations are arranged.The flow velocity of the main and version of fan coil heat exchange device of heat exchanger effectiveness coefficient, empty G﹠W and analyse wet coefficient eutectoid is arranged, and contact coefficient depends primarily on the flow velocity of its version and air.Usually the method that adopts is by experiment with ε
1' and ε
2' the experiment relational expression obtain (as shown in (7), (8)), so just can calculate the ε that the fan coil heat exchange device can reach
1' and ε
2'.Be noted that the different pairing ε of heat interchanger form
1' and ε
2' the experimental calculation formula also inequality.2-wind side enthalpy potential method metering fan coil heat exchange quantity metering main points
The heat that how calculates coil pipe according to the starting condition of fan coil heat exchange device has been introduced in the front, and this heat can be represented with wind side heat or water side heat, because the two equates.But this only is a Calculation Method in theory, and in practice if wonder the heat of coil pipe, we can not go to survey the starting condition of air side and water side, go for ε again
1' and ε
2' the experiment relational expression, adopt the system of equations of (7)～(9) to go to solve heat.The simplest way is to survey the first whole state parameter of air side or water side, utilizes equation (9) directly to try to achieve heat.In the practice, the ultimate principle of calorimeter just so by recording flow with flowmeter, records the turnover water temperature with temperature sensor, utilizes the computing method of water side heat to calculate heat again.Now, the method for water side heat metering has almost all adopted this method without exception.
Why can measure water side parameter and measure heat, and do not consider that exchanging heat by the parameter of measuring the wind side measures? since many drawbacks such as investment is big, installation and maintenance difficulty that the method for water side heat metering has, if can find the method for metering so from the wind side, thereby avoiding carrying out from the water side defective of heat metering, wouldn't be better.We at first discuss the feasibility of carrying out the heat metering from the wind side from the computing formula of wind side heat.
Q＝G(h
1-h
2) (10)
As can be seen, the parameter that calculating heat needs has three from formula (10): the enthalpy h of air quantity G, turnover air
1, h
2If can find way to measure the value of these three parameters, the computational problem of heat just has been readily solved so.Determined the method for enthalpy potential method heat metering, what next will solve is exactly how to calculate needed three parameters of heat by measuring.Below how definite the and air quantity of importing and exporting the air parameter measuring position being measured these two aspects analyzes.
(1) imports and exports determining of air parameter measuring position
According to the relevant knowledge that soft air is learned, we can calculate the enthalpy h of air by the means of indirect measurement.Because what soft air can be similar at normal temperatures and pressures regards ideal gas as, and according to the state axiom, all state parameters of soft air can be expressed as any two independent parameter.That is to say, can calculate enthalpy by the relevant knowledge of measuring any two independent parameter utilization of soft air soft air.Like this, though there is not directly to measure the device of enthalpy, can calculate enthalpy by the dry-bulb temperature of measurement air and the method for relative humidity.The apparatus of measuring temperature and relative humidity in the market is a lot, and it seems that the enthalpy that obtains importing and exporting air be not too difficult.
Though only need measuring dry-bulb temperature and the relative humidity of importing and exporting air, the enthalpy potential method metering method just can utilize the relevant knowledge of soft air to calculate enthalpy, but the problem that can not ignore is, do the dry-bulb temperature of the air that records and relative humidity possess representativeness on earth? that is to say, the air condition of import measuring point should be able to be represented all inlet airs, in other words inlet air mean state; The point position of outlet air can be represented a mean state of outlet air.Only in this way, the enthalpy that calculates, heat are only correct.So we will determine that at first whether import, outlet section air state be even, if inhomogeneous, can find the point position that can represent the air mean state.This is to be related to the key issue that metering method by air side enthalpy potential method is realized.
Strict says, the air condition of fan coil import and outlet section should all be uneven.For import situation, the blower fan of fan coil sucks the blower fan turbine with air, and the air-flow of import belongs to the state that confluxes, and the inhaled air state should be roughly the same.But because blower fan turbine one side is near motor, and an other side does not have, temperature must be than the temperature height of surrounding air in work for motor, at this moment through after the motor certain temperature rise is being arranged from the air that sucks the blower fan turbine near motor side, may cause the air themperature height that sucks than an other side.Point position is placed on the inlet condition which side could accurately be measured air on earth, and this problem is stayed and gone in the experiment to solve.The experiment actual measurement can be looked at the position difference that temperature probe is placed at this problem, has much to result's influence of measuring.
The situation of outlet measuring point is than import situation complexity.Because what air and coil pipe carried out is the outer horizontal process of plunderring forced-convection heat transfer of pipe, water in the pipe is then to flow with reflux type, along tube side water temperature raise gradually (is example with cold operating mode), so cause also having nothing in common with each other in the temperature of different pipeline section position water pipe outside surfaces, the air of same temperature skims over after the water pipe outside surface, the heat exchange situation of heat interchanger water pipe surface diverse location is also different certainly, and therefore, the diverse location of air condition on the outlet section also should each be variant.In other words, if coil pipe outlet section is divided some grids, the temperature of the air of these grids and relative humidity should be all inequality.This point also can be confirmed on the fan coil performance experiment table, after the outlet of experiment table fan coil pipe an air mixing device is arranged all, and sampling after outlet air is fully mixed records the state of air state as outlet air again.The inconsistent problem of outlet air state is cumbersome really, because can not remove to install so air mixing device in engineering reality.Which position of arriving bottom outlet so could be represented the mean state of the air of whole outlet, is the air condition of air condition that records on Chu Kou which position and air mixing device back consistent in other words? and this position is relatively stable, we could represent the air condition of whole outlet section in practice with this position like this, and the enthalpy potential method result calculated is also just accurate.
Find by investigation some domestic and international products, the structural parameters of the unit fan coil that model is approaching are roughly the same, for example pipe is arranged number, tube side, caliber, tubing, so for being exactly the unit approaching to model, the heat exchange situation should be also more approaching, because the heat exchange of fan coil mainly still is subjected to the influence of structural parameters under identical wind side and water side initial parameter condition.Identical heat exchange situation causes exporting the section air condition and distributes also more similar, the air condition that is to say certain point of hypothesis outlet can be represented the air condition of unit outlet section, and change at air quantity, the position of this point does not change during the inlet air state variation.To carry out theoretic analysis more complicated to this imagination,, look at whether to exist this constant point position with results measured by the operating mode that changes experiment so adopt the method for research by experiment to verify this imagination.
(2) method of air quantity metering
The another one key issue that metering method by air side enthalpy potential method is realized is exactly the problem how air quantity G measures.The method of measuring air quantity now is a lot, such as the method (as the survey air quantity principle of variable air rate device) of the method (as hot line, hot-bulb anemoscope) of surveying wind speed, survey dynamic pressure, the method that also has Pitot tube to measure.But these methods will apply on the actual measuring apparatus certain degree of difficulty is arranged.A reason is the restriction that is subjected to the situ metrology condition, can not huger measurement mechanism be installed at gauge position during engineering is used; And more crucial reason is exactly the problem of investment, several thousand yuan easily of anemoscopes in the market, if survey dynamic pressure, the price of pressure transducer is also more than thousand yuan, such investment, metering for fan coil heat exchange quantity is unacceptable, because the price of a typhoon coiler is also just about thousand yuan.Therefore, use by the air measuring method of measuring wind or dynamic pressure and seem unrealistic in the measuring apparatus.Want to solve the problem of air measuring, just must find method more simple, that investment is low.The imagination of problem this patent is hereto, and test by experiment is converted into the measurement that some electrical quantity (as power) waits to air measuring because these parameter measurements easily, investment not quite, promote the use of easily in the engineering reality and go.
One, sets up rule-of-thumb relation between rotation speed of fan and the air quantity
According to the relevant knowledge of blower fan in the fluid mechanics, air quantity and rotating speed are directly proportional.
If we can find following formula (11-1) or (11-2) or relational expression (11-3), so just can utilize and measure rotation speed of fan and obtained air quantity.
G＝∑G
i＝∑(m
i·V
i+n
i) (11-1)
Or G=∑ G
i=∑ (mV
i+ n) (11-2)
Or G=∑ G
i=∑ (m V+ n) (11-3)
Wherein,
I (1, the blower fan number of single coil pipe);
G
IThe air quantity of sending for i blower fan of coil pipe;
V
iBe i rotation speed of fan of coil pipe, V=∑ V
i/ blower fan number;
m
i, n
iBe the fitting coefficient of i blower fan of coil pipe, m, n are the average fit coefficient of this coil pipe blower fan.
Certainly, the same with the point position situation, this problem also needs to study by experiment and solves, and two coefficients in the formula need also by experiment that results measured obtains with homing method.
Measuring principle is as follows:
A grooved optoelectronic switch frame of forming by light emitting diode and phototriode of installing in the draught fan impeller both sides, when the light of aperture on the draught fan impeller and light emitting diode not point-blank the time, the light of light emitting diode can not be mapped to the window of photosensitive tube, phototriode is just exported a high level, when the light of aperture on the draught fan impeller and light emitting diode point-blank the time, the light of light emitting diode is mapped to the window of photosensitive tube, photosensitive tube is just exported a low level, draught fan impeller whenever turns around just can obtain 1 pulse, therefore, p.s., detected umber of pulse multiply by 60 tachometer values that equal the draught fan impeller per minute just.
Two, set up rule-of-thumb relation between blower motor power and the air quantity
According to the relevant knowledge of blower fan in the fluid mechanics, air quantity and rotating speed are directly proportional, and the cube of power and rotating speed is directly proportional, and three cubed relation is arranged between air quantity and the power so.If we can find the relational expression as following formula (11), so just can utilize measurement power to obtain air quantity.
G＝a·N
+b (11)
Wherein, N is the power consumption of coil pipe, and a, b are fitting coefficient.Certainly, the same with the point position situation, this problem also needs to study by experiment and solves, and two coefficients in the formula need also by experiment that results measured obtains with homing method.
Need to prove that power consumption is not unique factor of decision air quantity, air quantity also has relation with the resistance of coil pipe wind side.Because the adapter situation of fan coil is too complicated in engineering reality, causes the wind collateral resistance to become very uncertain factor, the method that find accurate measurement actual air volume is difficulty too, also can not find by experiment at every kind of adapter situation formula of devising a stratagem really.Therefore, in this research, take to ignore the method for coil pipe wind collateral resistance factor, and the consequence of doing like this is, brings very big influence must for the accuracy of air measuring.Ways of addressing this issue is, consideration is eliminated from the metering system aspect to the inaccurate error that metering brings to heat of air measuring, promptly the heat deviation that the air quantity inaccuracy is brought is concentrated by metering system software and is shared, eliminate at system host computer place, to guarantee the fairness of metering.
From top analysis as can be seen, as long as research can be determined point position and Wind Coverage Calculation method by experiment, just there is the feasibility that realizes in enthalpy potential method heat metering method so.
The relevant calculation of soft air state:
In the wind side enthalpy potential method heat measuring apparatus,, be necessary that therefore elder generation describes the computing method of soft air state parameter because enthalpy calculates the calculating that relates to soft air.Next just the computing method of state parameters such as the density of soft air, specific heat, pressure, enthalpy are introduced successively.
(1) density of soft air (ρ)
(2) water capacity of soft air (d)
Soft air is made up of dry air and water vapor, and the steam vapour amount that wherein every kg dry air is contained is called water capacity, that is:
If soft air is thought ideal gas, use perfect gas equation, formula (13) just can transform to put in order and be so:
(3) specific heat (C of soft air
Pa, C
Pv)
Soft air is made up of dry air and water vapor, and the specific heat at constant pressure of soft air is divided into two parts of specific heat at constant pressure of the specific heat at constant pressure and the water vapor of dry air, these two physical parameters that parameter all is a soft air.Find that according to the study these two state parameters all have relation one to one with the temperature of air, two formula below scholar's match has been arranged are used for the calculating of specific heat.
C
Pa＝1.00687-8.722×10
-5t+1.236×10
-7t
2 (15)
C
Pv＝1.85314+0.6133×10
-3t+1.014×10
-6t
2 (16)
Through check, above in the thermophysical property table of two formula result calculated and dry air and water vapor listed numerical value very approaching, error is in 0.01%.In 0-60 ℃ related temperature range of enthalpy, the variation range of two specific heat of combustions is all very little, is sometimes even all to be used as constant to handle simultaneously.In the researching and analysing of this patent, in order to consider still to adopt formula (15), (16) that specific heat of combustion is calculated as far as possible comprehensively.
(4) humid air relative humidity ()
So-called relative humidity is exactly water in air vapor pressure and the synthermal ratio of saturated steam partial pressure down.
Ps (t
w) be the saturation of the air steam partial pressure of wet-bulb temperature correspondence, Ps (t) is the saturated steam partial pressure of air dry-bulb temperature correspondence.The computing method of Ps are face equation (18) as follows.
(5) the steam-laden partial pressure (Ps) of soft air
Many scholars have provided the computing formula of steam-laden partial pressure according to oneself experimental study, as high husband's formula, tight tame high post formula etc., these formula all have its scope of application separately, for example high husband's formula is suitable for the calculating of-50～100 ℃ of situations on the par face, and the scope of application of tight tame high post formula is the calculating of situation more than 0 ℃ on the par face.The calculating that these formula are used in water in air saturated with vapor partial pressure can produce certain error.Therefore this patent adopts following formula to calculate, promptly
Formula (18) is applicable to that air themperature is in 0～200 ℃ situation.
(6) enthalpy of humid air value (h)
Utilizing enthalpy potential method to calculate the heat of air side, in fact is exactly the variation of calculating enthalpy in the soft air heat transfer process.Enthalpy of humid air is an important physical amount that characterizes its energy.Enthalpy of humid air is made up of dry air and water vapor two parts enthalpy, as shown in the formula:
h＝C
Pat+d(2501+C
Pvt) (19)
Wherein, C
PaT is the enthalpy of dry air, d (2501+C
PvT) be the enthalpy of water vapor.The calculating of enthalpy is to be that reference point calculates with 0 ℃ dry air and water vapor.
The course of work of measuring apparatus:
Determine that at first the amount that the enthalpy potential method measuring apparatus need be measured has air quantity, imports and exports enthalpy, and this tittle all is to calculate by indirect measurement.Air quantity can obtain by measuring motor speed (or surveying power consumption), enthalpy then calculates by the dry-bulb temperature and the relative humidity of measurement import and outlet, so the amount that needs directly to measure have 5: electric power, import and export dry-bulb temperature, import and export relative humidity.Record after this tittle, also will collect this tittle, calculate, and the heat of calculating can be accumulated, measuring apparatus just can be finished the gage work that the exchange heat continues like this.The work synoptic diagram of enthalpy potential method heat measuring apparatus is as shown in Figure 1:
The course of work of enthalpy potential method heat measuring apparatus as shown in Figure 1, measuring out temperature, humidity sensor 3,4 and power-measuring device 5 will calculate 5 of needs and measure and be sent in the measuring apparatus 2, counter in the measuring apparatus is finished the calculating of exchange heat, then by calculating the cold situation of consumption of accumulation instrument record coil pipe, simultaneously, measuring apparatus with panel show that also the accumulation of instant consumption heat, this month is with heat etc.The transmission of sensor signal is sent in the measuring apparatus by signal wire 6, is finished Signal Processing and conversion by measuring apparatus.
The heat calculation flow chart of measuring apparatus is as follows:
Measuring apparatus obtains temperature and humidity by the sensor acquisition signal, obtains motor speed by measurement mechanism again, thereby calculates enthalpy and air quantity, could further obtain the coil pipe heat.All calculation process need " counter " of measuring apparatus the inside to finish.Because fan coil is to be in the operation of wet condition down summer basically, then be dry cooling condition winter.So the water capacity of the air of turnover coil pipe remains unchanged during the winter condition operation, water capacity then reduced when summer, wet cooling condition moved.For fan coil heat exchange quantity, summer condition is also therefore different with winter condition computation process.Summer and process flow diagram such as following Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3 that winter, heat was calculated.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of fan coil heat exchange quantity metering method by air side enthalpy potential method is characterized in that, its step is as follows:
1), measures dry-bulb temperature and the relative humidity of importing and exporting air;
2), dry-bulb temperature and the relative humidity by the import and export air that records calculates the enthalpy h that passes in and out air
1, h
2
3), measure power and obtain air quantity, computing formula is as follows:
Wherein, N is the power consumption of coil pipe, and a, b are fitting coefficient;
4), by the fan coil power of motor convert draw fan coil moment air quantity method, the computing formula of wind side heat is:
Q＝G(h
1-h
2) (10)
Wherein, the enthalpy h of air quantity G, turnover air
1, h
2
2, fan coil heat exchange quantity metering method by air side enthalpy potential method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the inlet air point position described in the step 1) is the position of blower fan turbine one side near motor.
3, fan coil heat exchange quantity metering method by air side enthalpy potential method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the inlet air point position described in the step 1) is the position of blower fan turbine opposite side away from motor.
4, fan coil heat exchange quantity metering method by air side enthalpy potential method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: by the soft air state parameter calculating, calculate enthalpy:
(1) density of soft air (ρ)
(2) water capacity of soft air (d)
Soft air is made up of dry air and water vapor, and the steam vapour amount that wherein every kg dry air is contained is called water capacity, that is:
If soft air is thought ideal gas, use perfect gas equation, formula (13) just can transform to put in order and be so:
(3) specific heat (C of soft air
Pa, C
Pv)
Soft air is made up of dry air and water vapor, and the specific heat at constant pressure of soft air is divided into two parts of specific heat at constant pressure of the specific heat at constant pressure and the water vapor of dry air, these two physical parameters that parameter all is a soft air:
C
Pa＝1.00687-8.722×10
-5t+1.236×10
-7t
2 (15)
C
Pv＝1.85314+0.6133×10
-3t+1.014×10
-6t
2 (16)
(4) humid air relative humidity ()
So-called relative humidity is exactly water in air vapor pressure and the synthermal ratio of saturated steam partial pressure down;
Ps (t
w) be the saturation of the air steam partial pressure of wet-bulb temperature correspondence, Ps (t) is the saturated steam partial pressure of air dry-bulb temperature correspondence, the computing method of Ps are face equation (18) as follows;
(5) the steam-laden partial pressure (Ps) of soft air
Formula (18) is applicable to that air themperature is in 0～200 ℃ situation;
(6) enthalpy of humid air value (h)
Utilizing enthalpy potential method to calculate the heat of air side, in fact is exactly the variation of calculating enthalpy in the soft air heat transfer process, and enthalpy of humid air is an important physical amount that characterizes its energy, and enthalpy of humid air is made up of dry air and water vapor two parts enthalpy, as shown in the formula:
h＝C
Pat+d(2501+C
Pvt) (19)
Wherein, C
PaT is the enthalpy of dry air, d (250l+C
PvT) be the enthalpy of water vapor, the calculating of enthalpy is to be that reference point calculates with 0 ℃ dry air and water vapor.
5, a kind of fan coil heat exchange quantity metering method by air side enthalpy potential method is characterized in that, its step is as follows:
1), measure rotation speed of fan and obtain air quantity, computing formula is as follows:
G＝∑G
i＝∑(m
i·V
i+n
i) (11-1)
Or G=∑ G
i=∑ (mV
i+ n) (11-2)
Or G=∑ G
i=∑ (m V+ n) (11-3)
Wherein,
I (1, the blower fan number of single coil pipe);
G
iThe air quantity of sending for i blower fan of coil pipe;
V
iBe i rotation speed of fan of coil pipe, V=∑ V
i/ blower fan number;
m
i, n
iBe the fitting coefficient of i blower fan of coil pipe, m, n are the average fit coefficient of this coil pipe blower fan.
2), by the fan coil power of motor convert draw fan coil moment air quantity method, the computing formula of wind side heat is:
Q＝G(h
1-h
2) (10)
Wherein, the enthalpy h of air quantity G, turnover air
1, h
2
6, fan coil heat exchange quantity metering method by air side enthalpy potential method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: by the soft air state parameter calculating, calculate enthalpy:
(1), the density of soft air (ρ)
(2), the water capacity of soft air (d)
Soft air is made up of dry air and water vapor, and the steam vapour amount that wherein every kg dry air is contained is called water capacity, that is:
If soft air is thought ideal gas, use perfect gas equation, formula (13) just can transform to put in order and be so:
(3), the specific heat (C of soft air
Pa, C
Pv)
Soft air is made up of dry air and water vapor, and the specific heat at constant pressure of soft air is divided into two parts of specific heat at constant pressure of the specific heat at constant pressure and the water vapor of dry air, these two physical parameters that parameter all is a soft air:
C
Pa＝1.00687-8.722×10
-5t+1.236×10
-7t
2 (15)
C
Pv＝1.85314+0.6133×10
-3t+1.014×10
-6t
2 (16)
(4), humid air relative humidity ()
So-called relative humidity is exactly water in air vapor pressure and the synthermal ratio of saturated steam partial pressure down;
Ps (t
w) be the saturation of the air steam partial pressure of wet-bulb temperature correspondence, Ps (t) is the saturated steam partial pressure of air dry-bulb temperature correspondence, the computing method of Ps are face equation (18) as follows;
(5), the steam-laden partial pressure (Ps) of soft air
Formula (18) is applicable to that air themperature is in 0～200 ℃ situation;
(6), enthalpy of humid air value (h)
Utilizing enthalpy potential method to calculate the heat of air side, in fact is exactly the variation of calculating enthalpy in the soft air heat transfer process, and enthalpy of humid air is an important physical amount that characterizes its energy, and enthalpy of humid air is made up of dry air and water vapor two parts enthalpy, as shown in the formula:
h＝C
Pat+d(250l+C
Pvt) (19)
Wherein, C
PaT is the enthalpy of dry air, d (250l+C
PvT) be the enthalpy of water vapor, the calculating of enthalpy is to be that reference point calculates with 0 ℃ dry air and water vapor.
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