CN1664302A - Continuous circulation system for oil and gas well and usage thereof - Google Patents
Continuous circulation system for oil and gas well and usage thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to continuous circulation system that is constituted by multifunction injection system, in well circulation system and ground returning system. The injection system includes drilling fluid that has three densities, two or three mud pumps, and high pressure gas injection device. By the method of injecting two drilling fluids that have different density and fast mixing, or injecting high pressure gas, the in-well liquid column pressure would be adjusted fast and flexibly. The in-well circulation system includes double tube well structure and in-well drilling column, and supplies three flowing channels as the returning channel or injecting channel. The ground returning system includes well head control combination, casing head and gas-liquid-solid separating device. The continuous circulation system is constituted by eight purposes and improves the safety of the well.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the continuous circulation system and the using method thereof of a kind of drilling well that is used for the oil gas well, completion, well workover.It also is applicable to drilling well, completion, the workover treatment in fields such as underground heat, the hydrology and mineral products.
Background technology:
In the drilling process of oil gas well, the circulating system is made up of three parts: part is injected on ground, comprises jar (pond) and a pump; Cyclic part in the well comprises drill string, drill bit and well; Part is returned out on ground, comprises well head, deaerator, solid phase eliminator etc.The circulation of drilling fluid method of using is at present: slush pump is by sucking the drilling fluid with predicted density in the jar (or pond), the pressurization back is transported to drill bit by the internal diameter runner of hollow drill string, arrive the shaft bottom by drill bit nozzle, enter the annular space between drill string and well then, by returning on the annular space to ground,, be back to jar (or pond) and reuse through the deaerator degasification, get rid of landwaste on ground through solid-liquid separator.
The greatest drawback of this round-robin method is: (as artificial disconnection, comprise and make a trip, make up a joint in case drill string is disconnected; Disconnect as fault, comprise drilling rod card, accident such as break, fall, sting, block up), circulation is with regard to interruption thereupon; When drill string is not in well (as trip out drill string, can't be lowered to situation such as drill string), just can't realize in the well circulating.Under the condition of high pressure, deep-well, atm number, the interruption of circulation often causes oil gas constantly to invade in the well, assemble gradually, finally develops into to move on the gas and expand, and aftereffect, overflow occur, even might develop into blowout.This is to the natural gas well, and especially high pressure, atm number, deep-well, height contain H
2The natural gas well of S is breakneck.
Drilling well under complex conditions such as high-pressure gas well, leakage spray coexistence, hole instability applies suitable drilling fluid density and keeps down-hole pressure state stably, and is very important to the safety of drilling well.Often because prediction of formation pressure is forbidden (especially in prospect pit), cause too high (leakage and the injury payzone) of drilling fluid density or low excessively (well kick or blowout) in the actual well drilled.The method that adopts is at present: find drilling fluid density too high (or low excessively) by the observation in the drilling well, then carry out the drilling fluid density adjustment on ground, then stepout well liquid is injected into well, judge by the observation in the drilling well whether drilling fluid density is suitable again.Because required time is longer, and often brings out accident.
In under balance pressure drilling (Underbalanced Drilling), keep stable under-balanced state in the well all the time, be vital for protection reservoir and drilling safety.No matter in drilling well, make a trip, in the completion process, all can keep the operation of down-hole under-balanced state to be called overall process under-balance drilling; And in these processes, all can keep the down-hole to be called the controlled under balance pressure drilling of overall process at the state of arbitrary given underbalance pressure reduction.At present realize that in the world the method for overall process under-balance drilling has two: the one, not kill-job tripping assembly by force (has multiple commercially produced product abroad, Snubbing Unit), the 2nd, the down hole sleeve valve of U.S. Weatherford company (Down-Hole DeploymentValve).Not kill-job tripping assembly is the under-balanced state that continues in cycle interruption under the condition of open flow, down-hole underbalance pressure reduction organic growth, increasing even develop into blowout.Down hole sleeve valve is the under-balanced state under the condition of dead (sealing) of closing fully in cycle interruption and in the well, also is a kind of under-balanced state of uncontrollable, organic growth, might develop into overbalance down-hole state or cause leakage in the time of seriously.Therefore, drilling well circle does not at present still have the technology that can realize " the controlled under balance pressure drilling of overall process ".
Put into production after the oil gas well is finished, produce the pressure that generally all can face the Accumulation of Hydrocarbon payzone behind the certain hour and reduce (energy attenuation), and the oil gas well needs to repair (well workover---snaking, desanding, repeat volume increase transformation, old well sidetracking, old well intensification etc.).Can face low pressure reservoir in the well workover process, low, easy injury of pressure even leakage.Therefore, not only to consider " the controlled underbalance of overall process " in drilling well, completion, the operation process, also should consider " the complete controlled underbalance operation of well life-span overall process " of whole oil gas well production life period All Jobs.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to: be the safety of the drilling well that improves the oil gas well, completion, well workover; Realize controlled under balance pressure drilling of overall process and the complete controlled underbalance operation of well life-span overall process, the spy provides a kind of continuous circulation system for oil and gas well and using method thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention by the following technical solutions: a kind of continuous circulation system for oil and gas well and using method thereof.Whole circulation system is returned out part and is formed by cyclic part, ground in ground injection part, the well.Its using method is made up of eight kinds of purposes of three major types.Its technical characterictic is: (1) ground injection part-rapidly. the multipurpose injected system (shown in Figure 1) of head of liquid in the flexible modulation well.It has the drilling fluid of three kinds of density: predicted density drilling fluid, weighted drilling fluid, alleviate drilling fluid; Two or three slush pumps are arranged, and every slush pump all links with three kinds of drilling fluid tanks (or pond), can extract in three kinds of density drilling fluids any one by different pipelines; When need regulating drilling fluid density, two slush pumps form the drilling fluid of new density with different pump speeds, mix rapidly in the down-hole by different injection channels, the drilling fluid that injects two kinds of different densities, reach rapidly, adjust flexibly the purpose of head of liquid in the well.Injected system also includes the high-pressure gas injection device: the carbo-charger of installing on the injection pipeline connects gas-booster and N with pipeline
2/ inertia tail gas reduces head of liquid immediately after the gas injection, stop to recover original head of liquid immediately after the gas injection, and the size of gas injection rate has determined to reduce the degree of head of liquid.Inject method that two kinds of density drilling fluids mix in well, annotate the method for people's gases at high pressure, combine with automatic adjusting, the control of the drilling parameter monitor and the circulating system, realizes more accurate, more reliable, the down-hole head of liquid is regulated and control more rapidly; (2) cyclic part-multichannel, multiduty well internal circulation system (shown in Figure 2) in the well.In drilling process, adopt the two-layer pipe and the interior drill string assembly of well of " permanent double layer casing programme ", three flow channels are provided, by the difference control of surface valve group, these three passages all can be used as and return out passage or injection channel; Combine and can realize: two notes singly return, single annotate twoly return, single annotate singly return, the multiple modes such as circulation in the direct circulation, anti-circulation, well during no tubing string, the closed circuit of these different modes is by Artificial Control or control automatically and realize; (3) ground is returned out the control of part-well head and is returned out system's (shown in Figure 3) with ground.This system is furnished with the well head control combination that under balance pressure drilling is used, and comprises swivel control head (RCHs) or rotating blowout preventer (RBOP), casing head and multiphase separator, as gas, liquid, solid three phase separator or gas, liquid, solid, oily four-phase separator.More than three parts constitute the whole circulating system of the present invention (shown in Figure 4).
The using method aspect is made of eight kinds of purposes of three major types, and its particular content is: one, be used for " high pressure, deep-well, atm number, leakage spray with deposit, height contains H
2The oil gas well of S " the raising safety.When (1) creeping into, regulate head of liquid in the well in time, neatly: increase or reduce drilling fluid density, increase or reduce gas injection rate, this seeks equalization point under situation and safe density is particularly necessary to boring leakage spray of meeting unexpected high pressure zone, lost-circulation zone, narrow security window with depositing etc.Safety when (2) creeping under the unexpected drilling tool accident condition: take place suddenly that drilling tool is disconnected, during accident such as thorn, stifled, card, can keep normal circulation, guarantee well control safety; In special operations such as drilling tool salvaging, unfreezing, keep normal circulation.(3) in operation such as make a trip, make up a joint, keep continuous normal circulation, help stablizing borehole pressure, leakproof, anti-collapse, blowout prevention.(4) shut-down of no drilling tool is waited for or during other operations, is realized the circulation of continuous controllable in well, keeps borehole pressure, in time gets rid of and invades oil gas, prevents the air accumulation development; In emergency circumstances the bimetallic tube closed circuit can be used as " relief well " and is used to subdue blowout, recovers pressure balance.Two, realize the controlled under balance pressure drilling of overall process, completion: the under balance pressure drilling of (5) water-base drilling fluid, realize the controlled under-balanced state of overall process by following application: in time regulate underbalance pressure reduction in the drilling process and (annotate the original working solution of people in the drilling rod, inject heavy sizing or light sizing by the bimetallic tube annular space, mix in the down-hole, reduce or increase underbalance pressure reduction); Make a trip, keep when making up a joint continuous circulation and stable under-balanced state; Under no drilling tool, the no tubing string condition, keep continuous circulation and stable under-balanced state in the well; In processes such as insufficient balance well completion, underbalance well logging, realize circulation continuously, keep stable under-balanced state, simultaneously can regulate down-hole underbalance pressure reduction as required, as: top power on the tubing string when making a trip in order to eliminate, or, can reduce underbalance pressure reduction to nearly equilibrium state in order to suppress of the influence of reservoir section air-flow to well logging.(6) under balance pressure drilling of aerated mud realizes the controlled underbalance operation of overall process by following application: control head of liquid by regulating gas injection rate when creeping into; When creeping into horizontal well,, annotate drilling fluid in the drilling rod, thereby down-hole helicoid hydraulic motor and the mud-pulse measurement (MWD) that is applicable to mud drilling also can be applied to inflate underbalance horizontal well drilling by runner gas injection between the bimetallic tube; Make up a joint, when making a trip, inject aerated mud, return out, realize circulation continuously, keep constant down-hole under-balanced state by the annular space between drilling rod and interior pipe by runner between the bimetallic tube; During no any drilling tool, realize circulating continuously in the well, keep constant under-balanced state by runner between bimetallic tube and interior pipe runner.Three, the full well of oil gas well is produced and realized the controlled underbalance operation of overall process in the life-span: (7) for situations such as complex reservoir, the depleted exploitations of pressure, the oil gas well is produced the various workover treatments and the reentry operation in later stage, must keep the controlled underbalance of overall process; At this moment, nonvolatil bimetallic tube casing programme, part is injected and part is returned out on ground in supporting ground of the present invention again, just can realize the controlled underbalance operation of overall process.(8) in any moment in the production of the later stage of oil gas well, can realize the continuous circulation of controlled under-balanced state, for handling accident, soft kill-job, changing the basis that operations such as well head and tubing string provide the operation of realization underbalance.Be continuous circulation system that the present invention proposes in sum and based on eight kinds of usings method of three major types of this system.
The present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: (1) can regulate head of liquid in the well in time, neatly when creeping into.This helps improving the safety that overbalance is crept into, and helps improving the controllability of under balance pressure drilling.(2) in drill string disconnection or well, realize circulation continuously under the no drill string condition.This helps improving overbalance safety of creeping into and the ability that improves processing burst down-hole accident.Can realize " the controlled underbalance of overall process " state of under balance pressure drilling.Can realize the circulation of multiple mode when (3) drill string is in well.This helps improving overbalance safety of creeping into and the ability that improves processing burst down-hole accident.The not kill-job that can realize under balance pressure drilling plays lower tubular column and utilizes conventional mud motor, mud-pulse to measure brill inflation underbalance horizontal well.(4) can realize continuous circulation at full well life period.This operation such as well workover to the pressure debilitating oil-gas reservoir exploitation later stage realizes that " the controlled underbalance of overall process " is necessary basis, prevents the later stage operation injury of oil gas well.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is that part is injected on ground of the present invention: the multipurpose injected system.Among the figure: 1, predicted density drilling fluid; 2, weighted drilling fluid; 3, alleviate drilling fluid; 4, slush pump 1; 5, slush pump 2; 6, N2/ inertia tail gas; 7, gas-booster; 8,9, carbo-charger; 10, inject pipeline 1; 11, inject pipeline 2.
Fig. 2 is a cyclic part in the well of the present invention: multichannel, multipurpose well internal circulation system.Among the figure: 10, inject pipeline 1; 11, inject pipeline 2; 12, standpipe ascending pipe; 13, the drilling rod/empty top of interior pipe ring ascending pipe; 14, the drilling rod/empty bottom of interior pipe ring ascending pipe; 15, interior pipe/casing annulus ascending pipe; 16. standpipe discharge pipe; 17, the drilling rod/empty top of interior pipe ring discharge pipe; 18, to choke manifold; 19, the drilling rod/empty bottom of interior pipe ring discharge pipe; 20, interior pipe/casing annulus discharge pipe; 21, interior pipe/casing annulus; 22, drilling rod/interior pipe ring sky; 23, drilling rod inner flow passage.
Fig. 3 returns out part for ground of the present invention: well head control is returned out system with ground.Among the figure: 24, transfer cask; 25. crude exports pipe; 26. oil storage tank; 27. drilling fluid reclaims; 28. to four-phase separator; 29. to three phase separator; 30. direct open flow; 31.RCHs; 32. preventer combination; 33. casing head; 34. choke manifold; 35. burning torch; 36,37. gases; 38. four-phase separator; 39,41. landwaste; 40. three phase separator.
Fig. 4 always schemes for multipurpose continuous circulation system for oil and gas well of the present invention.Among the figure numbering shown in identical shown in the preceding accompanying drawing number.
The specific embodiment
Eight kinds of purposes of three major types that the present invention proposes, four functions mainly having utilized native system to realize: the function of regulating head of liquid in the well; The function of continuous circulation; Multichannel is annotated and is returned function; Above-mentioned three kinds of functions of full well lifetime.The specific embodiment of above-mentioned four functions is as follows:
1. the function of head of liquid in the adjusting well
Have two kinds of methods to realize this function: the one, the injection of different densities drilling fluid mixes, and the 2nd, increase, reduce gas injection rate.
The injection of different densities drilling fluid mixes:
This moment, the well site had the drilling fluid 1,2,3 of three kinds of different densities.The one, the normal drilling fluid 1 that designs in advance, for example 1.5 gram per centimeters
3The 2nd, heavy as far as possible heavy drilling fluid 2, for example 2.2 gram per centimeters
3The 3rd, light as far as possible drilling fluid 3, for example 1.05 gram per centimeters of alleviating
3When using the normal drilling well of the drilling fluid of design in advance; If 1. find density low excessively (cause well kick when overbalance is crept into, or underbalance causing the under-voltage difference too big when creeping into), then calculate based on drilling parameter monitor immediately and revise back density (1.56 gram per centimeters for example
3), calculate heavy drilling fluid 2 and inject total amount (injecting flow and injection length), when guaranteeing 1 circulation of normal density drilling fluid, injection also mixes heavy drilling fluid, and making is 1.5 gram per centimeters originally
3Normal drilling fluid 1 be adjusted into 1.56 gram per centimeters
3If 2. find density too high (leakage when overbalance is crept into, or underbalance when creeping into under-voltage difference too little), then inject a certain amount of drilling fluid 3 that alleviates and mix with former normal drilling fluid 1, method similar the above.
Increase, reduce gas injection rate:
The purpose of gas injection this moment is not in order to make drilling fluid density reduce to 1 gram per centimeter
3Below to be adapted to low pressure reservoir, the main purpose of gas injection is to control head of liquid flexibly, apace in order to realize.For example: normal drilling fluid density 1.5 gram per centimeters when normally creeping into
3, gas injection rate be 10 mark sides/minute.If find that head of liquid is too big, then gas injection rate is improved (for example 15 mark sides/minute); If find that head of liquid is too little, then gas injection rate is reduced (for example 5 mark sides/minute).Contain hydrocarbon stratum if return out fluid, then annotating people's gas must be inert gas or natural gas; Otherwise can inject air.
If it is drilling mode itself is exactly the aerated mud underbalance mode that adapts to low pressure reservoir, then same as described above by the principle and the method that increase, reduce gas injection rate regulator solution column pressure.
2. the continuous function that circulates
Cooperate " permanent double layer casing programme ", ground injected system and ground to return out system, can realize under any condition (the artificial disconnection of drill string, as; Make up a joint, make a trip; The accident of drill string disconnects, as; Break, fall, block, block up etc.; The state of no drill string in the well) continuous circulation.For example: inject drilling fluid (or aerated mud) by the runner between bimetallic tube, inject liquid and return to ground with mixing by interior pipe runner of formation fluid, circulation of drilling fluid is used after heterogeneous separation, and oil is collected the back accumulating, and mist then emptying is lighted.
Circulatory function is the basis of realizing the controlled underbalance operation of overall process continuously, is the guarantee that increases the safety of excessive risk oil gas well.This system also provides recovers circulation, urgent constantly as the function of " relief well " at any time: any time injects heavy drilling fluid 2 or well killing fluid by double-skin duct, make and inject heavy drilling fluid 2 and mix by interior conduit with formation fluid and return out, set up head of liquid gradually, equilibrium strata pressure finally reaches the kill-job purpose.
3. multichannel is annotated the function of returning
When in the well drill string being arranged, the triple channel circulating system that annular space runner, drill string inner flow passage are formed between runner, drill string and interior pipe between bimetallic tube, can realize single annotate twoly return, two notes singly return, single annotate singly return, multiple endless form such as positive and negative circulation, the enforcement of these endless form is according to the demand of field condition, by the combination realization of different pipelines, valve member.
In gassy fluid underbalance horizontal well drilling, liquid drilling well with low cost in order to make, dependable performance also can be used for the gassy fluid under balance pressure drilling with mud motor and mud-pulse measuring apparatus, with high pressure gas directly by injecting between bimetallic tube, drilling fluid is directly injected by drilling rod, gas-liquid injects into well respectively, with after the stratum is returned out oil gas and mixed, the annular space by drilling rod and interior pipe returns out in well.So just guaranteed the normal use that mud motor and mud-pulse are measured.
When to such an extent as to well head pressure in the under balance pressure drilling is too high when threatening the maximum bearing capacity of well head swivel head, keep still injecting normal drilling fluid 1 in the drill string continuously, return out runner and adopt between the bimetallic tube runner (its bearing capacity depends on the casing head bearing capacity, general more much bigger) than the bearing capacity of well head swivel head, and the annular space runner between drilling rod and interior pipe is annotated heavy drilling fluid 2 slugs of people by ground, to reduce the pressure of well head swivel head.When also can being used for removing drill string (or other tubing string) under the under-balanced state, this method eliminates the last top power of drill string (or other tubing string).
4. the system that follows continuously of full well lifetime
The permanent double layer casing programme makes the oil gas well all have the condition of circulation continuously that realizes at whole life period.In office what is the need for when will carry out continuous cycle operation (as in the well workover process, in the recovery process), as long as return out system mixing this patent described ground injected system and ground, just can realize three functions of continuous circulation system: the function that the function of the function of head of liquid, circulation continuously, multichannel notes return in the flexible modulation well rapidly.Similar in the specific implementation method of these functions and the drilling process.
Claims (2)
1. continuous circulation system for oil and gas well and using method thereof, it injects in part, the well cyclic part, ground by ground and returns out part and form.Its technical characterictic is: part-multipurpose injected system is injected on ground, and three kinds of density drilling fluids are arranged: predicted density drilling fluid 1, weighted drilling fluid 2, alleviate drilling fluid 3; Two or three slush pumps are arranged, and every slush pump all links with three kinds of drilling fluid tanks (or pond), can extract in three kinds of density drilling fluids any one by different pipelines; Two slush pumps with different pump speeds, by difference annotate people's passage, the drilling fluid that injects two kinds of different densities mixes rapidly in the down-hole, forms the drilling fluid of new density, realizes regulating head of liquid in the well; The carbo-charger of installing on the injection pipeline connects gas-booster and N with pipeline
2/ inertia tail gas, it can be by regulating gas injection rate flexibly, regulator solution column pressure promptly; Inject method that two kinds of density drilling fluids mix in well, inject the method for gases at high pressure, combine, can realize more accurate, more reliable, down-hole head of liquid regulation and control more rapidly with automatic adjusting, the control of the drilling parameter monitor and the circulating system; Cyclic part-multichannel, multiduty well internal circulation system in the well, in drilling process, adopt the two-layer pipe and the interior drill string assembly of well of " permanent double layer casing programme ", three flow channels are provided, difference control by the surface valve group, these three passages all can be used as and return out passage or injection channel, combine can realize two notes singly return, single annotate twoly return, single annotate singly return, the multiple endless form in the direct circulation, anti-circulation, well during no drill string, the closed circuit of these different modes can be by Artificial Control or is controlled automatically and realize; Ground is returned out the control of part-well head and is returned out system with ground, it is furnished with the well head control combination that under balance pressure drilling is used, comprise swivel control head (RCHs31) or rotating blowout preventer (BROP), casing head and multiphase separator, more than three parts constitute the whole circulating system.
2. continuous circulation system according to claim 1 and using method thereof, it is characterized in that: using method is made of eight kinds of purposes of three major types, one, be used for improving drilling safety: is creeping into (1), by increasing or reduce drilling fluid density, increase or reducing gas injection rate, regulate head of liquid in the well, particularly important to boring the leakage spray of meeting unexpected high pressure zone, lost-circulation zone, narrow security window with depositing etc. under the situation; When (2) creeping into, take place suddenly that drilling tool is disconnected, during accident such as thorn, stifled, card, can keep normal circulation, guarantee well control safety, in special operations such as drilling tool salvaging, unfreezing, keep normal circulation; (3) in making a trip, making up a joint operation, keep continuous normal circulation, help stablizing borehole pressure, leakproof, anti-collapse, blowout prevention; (4) shut-down of no drilling tool is waited for or during other operations in well, realize continuous controllable circulation, keep borehole pressure, in time get rid of and invade oil gas, prevent the air accumulation development; In emergency circumstances the bimetallic tube closed circuit can be used as " relief well " and is used to subdue blowout, recovers pressure balance; Two, realize the controlled under balance pressure drilling of overall process, completion; (5) in the water-base drilling fluid under balance pressure drilling, realize the controlled under-balanced state of overall process by following application: in time regulate underbalance pressure reduction in the drilling process and (annotate the original working solution of people in the drilling rod, inject heavy drilling fluid 2 or light drilling fluid 3 by the bimetallic tube annular space, mix in the down-hole, reduce or increase underbalance pressure reduction); Make a trip, keep when making up a joint continuous circulation and stable under-balanced state; Under no drilling tool, the no tubing string condition, keep continuous circulation and stable under-balanced state in the well; In processes such as insufficient balance well completion, underbalance well logging, realize circulation continuously, keep stable under-balanced state, can regulate down-hole underbalance pressure reduction as required simultaneously; (6) under balance pressure drilling of aerated mud realizes the controlled underbalance operation of overall process by following application: control head of liquid by regulating gas injection rate when creeping into; When creeping into horizontal well,, annotate drilling fluid in the drilling rod, thereby down-hole helicoid hydraulic motor and the mud-pulse measurement (MWD) that is applicable to mud drilling also can be applied to inflate underbalance horizontal well drilling by runner gas injection between the bimetallic tube; Make up a joint, when making a trip, inject aerated mud, return out, realize circulation continuously, keep constant down-hole under-balanced state by the annular space between drilling rod and interior pipe by runner between the bimetallic tube; During no any drilling tool, realize circulating continuously in the well, keep constant under-balanced state by runner between bimetallic tube and interior pipe runner; Three, the full well of oil gas well is produced and realized the controlled underbalance operation of overall process in the life-span: (7) are for various workover treatments and heavy people's operation of low pressure reservoir, utilize permanent double layer pipe well body structure, part is injected on supporting again ground of the present invention and part is returned out on ground, just can realize the controlled underbalance operation of overall process; (8) in any moment in the production of the later stage of oil gas well, all can realize the continuous circulation of controlled under-balanced state, provide the basis of realizing the underbalance operation for handling accident, soft kill-job, replacing well head and tubing string operation.
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| CN101748979A (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2010-06-23 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Ground separating unit of gas drilling system |
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